CN205666427U - Change single -photon detector on full gloss fibre based on waveguide chip integrates - Google Patents
Change single -photon detector on full gloss fibre based on waveguide chip integrates Download PDFInfo
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- CN205666427U CN205666427U CN201620370127.7U CN201620370127U CN205666427U CN 205666427 U CN205666427 U CN 205666427U CN 201620370127 U CN201620370127 U CN 201620370127U CN 205666427 U CN205666427 U CN 205666427U
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Abstract
The utility model belongs to the technical field of single -photon detector and specifically relates to a change single -photon detector on full gloss fibre based on waveguide chip integrates is disclosed. It includes to change single -photon detector on being somebody's turn to do: pilot light, pumping light, polarization maintaining fiber array, the cycle polarization waveguide chip that integrates, miniature filter module and single photon counting module, the pilot light is single photon source of near -infrared, adopts polarization maintaining fiber output, pumping light is one and mixes thulium fiber laser, and the continuous laser of output single -frequency adopts polarization maintaining fiber output, the cycle polarization waveguide chip that integrates is connected through the polarization maintaining fiber array to pilot light and pumping light, and miniature filter module is connected through single mode or multimode fiber to the cycle that integrates polarization waveguide chip, and miniature filter module output passes through the single mode or multimode fiber connects the single photon counting module. The utility model discloses an integrate the waveguide chip, save wavelength division multiplexer, reduce when inserting the damage, also make and change detector product small -size portability compact more.
Description
Technical field
This utility model relates to single-photon detector field, especially discloses a kind of based on integrated waveguide chip complete
Single-photon detector is changed on optical fiber.
Background technology
Currently, the most general near-infrared single photon detector has three classes: superconducting single-photon detector, indium gallium arsenic snowslide
Diode single-photon detector and upper conversion single-photon detector.
Superconducting single-photon detector has dark counting low (about 100 Hz), time resolution good (ps gitter 60) etc.
Advantage, but commercial superconducting single-photon detector needs continuous print liquid helium refrigeration could maintain effectively work, liquid helium refrigeration plant body
Long-pending big, cost intensive, this is its widely used bottleneck.In recent years, going out along with new techniques such as sine gate and autodyne circuits
Existing, InGaAs/InP single-photon detector can be operated under the repetition rate of GHz, but the quantum efficiency of 10%, and 2%
Above afterpulse also limit its application in quantum secret communication.
Upper conversion single-photon detector is by nonlinear optics and frequency process, utilizes period polarized waveguide, it is achieved accurate
Phase matched, will be converted into visible ray, recycling avalanche silicon diode single-photon detector detection on communication band flashlight.
Avalanche silicon diode single-photon detector visible light wave range single photon signal is had detection efficient high (70%), dark counting low (<
100 Hz) and the advantage such as afterpulse is few, and changed by frequency, the silicon detector of high-quality may be used for communication band monochromatic light
Son detection.Upper conversion single-photon detector currently with period polarized waveguide can meet lower hundred kilometers of quantum guarantors of room temperature
The commercial demand of close communication.
Optical fiber pigtail can be utilized to be of coupled connections with waveguide when using periodic polarized Lithium metaniobate (PPLN) waveguide, will
Flashlight and pump light introduce waveguide by optical fiber.Existing technical scheme is first by flashlight and pump light wavelength division multiplexer
The connection synthesizing piece tail optical fiber of a branch of entrance, this tail optical fiber of re-optimization and waveguide realizes the efficient coupling of flashlight.Because different ripples
Long light beam realizes maximum coupling efficiency needs the mode filter of different in width, and currently existing scheme sacrifices the coupling of pump light
Efficiency.
Fig. 1 is conversion single-photon detector framework on all-fiber of the prior art.Pump light source is a thulium doped fiber
Laser instrument, the single-frequency continuous laser of output 1.95um, use polarization maintaining optical fibre output.Flashlight is near infrared single-photon source, with
Sample uses polarization maintaining optical fibre output.Pump light and flashlight are a branch of through protecting the synthesis of partial wave division multiplexer, and via protecting the input of inclined tail optical fiber
In periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide chip.
Periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide chip is straight wave guide chip, as in figure 2 it is shown, by mode filter, tapered transmission line and
Period polarized waveguide forms.Tapered transmission line is the waveguide that design width changes along its length, for by two sections of different in width
Waveguide gradual change ground connects.Tapered transmission line connection mode filter and period polarized waveguide, can make light beam enter period polarized ripple
Basic mode is remained at, in order to obtain maximum nonlinear conversion efficiency after leading.This waveguide chip uses double ended fiber coupling, incident
End is single polarization maintaining optical fibre, and exit end is single single mode or multimode fibre.Near infrared flashlight is real in period polarized waveguide
After now changing with frequency, filtering noise by miniature filtration module, recycling avalanche silicon diode single-photon detector detects.
In sum, the core devices of upper conversion single-photon detector is the periodic polarized niobium for frequency conversion
Acid lithium waveguide.In order to succinctly use waveguide efficiently, need waveguide chip to couple with optical fiber.The principle of coupling is to utilize
Mode filter in waveguide chip so that the facular model of outgoing and mode filter are allowed the intrinsic of conducting from optical fiber
Pattern is the most overlapping, so that the light beam in optical fiber is farthest coupled into waveguide chip.For different ripples
Long light wave, its required mode filter width is different.Existing upper conversion waveguide chip incidence end is single width
The mode filter of degree, when ensureing the coupling of flashlight peak efficiency, pump light loss is the biggest；When ensureing that coupling pump light is optimal
Time, flashlight can lose again a lot, causes the detection efficient of detector to decline.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is contemplated to solve the problems referred to above, it is proposed that a kind of based on integrated waveguide chip complete
Change single-photon detector on optical fiber, single-photon detector should be changed on all-fiber based on integrated waveguide chip, and take into account
Flashlight couples with pump light, can save the use of wavelength division multiplexer, the upper conversion single photon consisted of rational deployment
Detector, while improving detection efficient, reduces required pumping light power, and can be by little for upper conversion detector product
Type, portability.
To achieve these goals, this utility model adopts the following technical scheme that
Change single-photon detector on a kind of all-fiber based on integrated waveguide chip, including: flashlight, pump light,
Miniature filtration module and single photon counting module；Flashlight is near infrared single-photon source, uses polarization maintaining optical fibre output；Pump light
It is a thulium-doped fiber laser, exports single-frequency continuous laser, use polarization maintaining optical fibre output；Miniature filtration module outfan passes through
Single mode or multimode fibre connect single photon counting module, it is characterised in that also include: polarization maintaining optical fibre array and integrated cycle
Poled waveguide chip, flashlight and pump light connect integrated period polarized waveguide chip by polarization maintaining optical fibre array, integrated
The period polarized waveguide chip changed is connected to miniature filtration module through single mode or multimode fibre.
Further, described integrated waveguide chip includes first mode filter, the second mode filter, the first taper
Waveguide, the second tapered transmission line, bend waveguide, transition straight wave guide, directional coupler, triconic waveguide and period polarized waveguide；
First mode filter, the first tapered transmission line, bend waveguide and directional coupler are sequentially connected with；Second mode filter, second
Tapered transmission line, transition straight wave guide and directional coupler are sequentially connected with；Directional coupler, triconic waveguide and period polarized waveguide
It is sequentially connected with；This integrated waveguide chip is inputted through described by first mode filter and the coupling of the second mode filter respectively
The pump light of polarization maintaining optical fibre array output and flashlight.
Further, described first mode filter is identical with the duct width of described first tapered transmission line incidence end, institute
State the first tapered transmission line exit end identical with the duct width of described bend waveguide；Described directional coupler is by constant gap and width
Spending two sections of equal straight parallel waveguide compositions, every section of straight wave guide width is the duct width of described directional coupler；Described direction
The duct width of bonder is identical with the duct width of described bend waveguide；Described pump light is coupled by described directional coupler
Enter in described period polarized waveguide；The duct width phase of described second mode filter and described second tapered transmission line incidence end
With, described second tapered transmission line exit end is identical with the duct width of described transition straight wave guide and described directional coupler；Described
Described period polarized waveguide is entered by described triconic waveguide again after pump light is a branch of with flashlight synthesis；Described direction coupling
Clutch is identical with the duct width of described triconic waveguide incidence end, described triconic waveguide exit end and described cycle pole
The duct width changing waveguide is identical.
Preferably, described waveguide chip is reverse proton exchange lithium niobate waveguides chip.
Further, in described integrated waveguide chip, the duct width of described mode filter is 1-10um, described
The duct width of bend waveguide is 3-15um, and its minimum bending radius is more than 0.5mm, and the duct width of described directional coupler is
3-15um, the center distance of its two sections of straight parallel waveguides is 0-10um, and the duct width of described period polarized waveguide is 3-20um.
Preferably, the described thulium-doped fiber laser as pump light exports the single-frequency continuous laser of 1.8-2.5um wave band.
Preferably, described flashlight is 0.9-1.9um near-infrared single photon light source.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are:
1, change single-photon detector on this utility model all-fiber based on integrated waveguide chip and solve pump light
With flashlight when optical fiber enters waveguide chip, it is impossible to realize a difficult problem for maximal efficiency coupling simultaneously.
2, change single-photon detector on this utility model all-fiber based on integrated waveguide chip and ensure flashlight
On the premise of loss minimum, reduce required pumping light power, reduce the cost of conversion single-photon detector.
3, use integrated waveguide chip, eliminate wavelength division multiplexer, while reducing Insertion Loss, also make transition detection
Device product is compacter, small-sized, portability.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation changing single-photon detector in prior art on all-fiber；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide chip in prior art；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation changing single-photon detector on this utility model all-fiber based on integrated waveguide chip
Figure；
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the integrated periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide chip of this utility model.
Detailed description of the invention
Being described further this utility model with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in Fig. 1 to Fig. 4, associated annotation is as follows:
1.95um pump:1.95um pump light laser instrument；PMF: polarization maintaining optical fibre；MMF: multimode fibre；PPLN WG 1: week
Phase poled lithium niobate waveguide chip 1；SMF: single-mode fiber；WDM: wavelength division multiplexer；SPCM: single photon counting module；Signal:
Flashlight；PM FA: polarization maintaining optical fibre array；PPLN WG 2: periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide chip 2.
Change single-photon detector on all-fiber based on integrated waveguide chip of the present utility model and solve pump light
With flashlight when optical fiber enters waveguide chip, it is impossible to realize a difficult problem for maximal efficiency coupling simultaneously.Based on integrated waveguide skill
Change single-photon detector on all-fiber of art, on the premise of ensureing flashlight loss minimum, reduce required pumping
Luminous power, thus reduce the cost of product.It addition, need not wavelength division multiplexer during the work of integrated waveguide chip, reducing
While Insertion Loss, also make that conversion detector product is compacter, small-sized, portability.
Change single-photon detector on all-fiber based on integrated waveguide chip of the present utility model, have employed following skill
Art scheme:
As shown in Figure 3: on all-fiber based on integrated waveguide chip of the present utility model, change single-photon detector,
Including: flashlight, pump light, polarization maintaining optical fibre array, integrated waveguide chip, miniature filtration module and single photon counting mould
Block；In figure, pump light source is a thulium-doped fiber laser, the single-frequency continuous laser of output 2um wave band (1.8-2.5um), uses
Polarization maintaining optical fibre exports.Flashlight is near infrared single-photon source (0.9-1.9um), same employing polarization maintaining optical fibre output.This programme
Being no longer necessary to wavelength division multiplexer, flashlight and pump light are directly inputted in integrated waveguide chip, and this waveguide chip uses
Double ended fiber couples, incidence end be center distance be the polarization maintaining optical fibre arrays of the naked fine composition of two of 126 ± 1um, exit end is
Single mode or multimode fibre.
As shown in Figure 4: integrated waveguide chip includes first mode filter, the second mode filter, the first taper
Waveguide, the second tapered transmission line, bend waveguide, transition straight wave guide, directional coupler, triconic waveguide and period polarized waveguide；
This integrated waveguide chip is fine through described polarisation by first mode filter and the coupling input of the second mode filter respectively
The pump light of array output and flashlight.First mode filter and the second mode filter are respectively directed to pump light and flashlight
Design, can realize pump light simultaneously and be coupled into waveguide chip with flashlight high efficiency from optical fiber.Wherein, pump light is through
It is connected into bend waveguide, nondestructively approach axis bonder by the first tapered transmission line after one mode filter.First mode filters
The duct width of device and the first tapered transmission line incidence end is identical, the duct width phase of the first tapered transmission line exit end and bend waveguide
With.Directional coupler is made up of two sections of straight parallel waveguides that constant gap and width are equal, and every section of straight wave guide width is direction
The duct width of bonder.The duct width of directional coupler is identical with the duct width of bend waveguide.Pass through directional coupler
Coupling pump light can be made to enter in follow-up period polarized waveguide.Flashlight passes through the second taper after the second mode filter
Waveguide and transition straight wave guide approach axis bonder, can be transferred into period polarized ripple essentially without losses by directional coupler
In leading.The duct width of the second mode filter and the second tapered transmission line incidence end is identical, the second tapered transmission line exit end and mistake
The duct width crossing straight wave guide and directional coupler is identical.By above design, pump light and flashlight can be close to nondestructively
It is coupled into a branch of, it is achieved that the function of wavelength division multiplexer.Again by triconic waveguide after pump light is a branch of with flashlight synthesis
Enter period polarized waveguide, nonlinear frequency conversion occurs.Directional coupler and the duct width of triconic waveguide incidence end
Identical, triconic waveguide exit end is identical with the duct width of period polarized waveguide.If first mode filter and bend
The duct width of waveguide is identical, or the second mode filter is identical with the duct width of directional coupler, or direction coupling
Device is identical with the duct width of period polarized waveguide, then associated cone waveguide is equivalent to transition straight wave guide.
(mapping by embodiment 2 waveguide design) in Fig. 4, the design width of each several part waveguide in integrated waveguide chip depends on
Rely the type in lithium niobate waveguides and wavelength.Lithium niobate waveguides and near infrared band for typical reverse proton exchange type
Photon, the waveguide design width range of mode filter can be 1-10um, and the design width range of bend waveguide can be 3-15um,
Minimum bending radius scope can be > 0.5mm, the waveguide design width range of directional coupler can be 3-15um, directional coupler
The center distance design load scope of two sections of straight parallel waveguides can be 0-10um, the design width range of period polarized waveguide can be
3-20um.Concrete required parameter value depends on the technical recipe of reverse proton exchange.
Specific embodiment is as follows:
Embodiment 1
Pump wavelength is 1.95um, the first mode filter using width to be 7um, a length of 1.55um of signal light-wave,
The second mode filter using width to be 5um, such that it is able to ensure the efficient coupling of pump light and flashlight simultaneously.One side
Face, pump light enters after one section of tapered transmission line (this tapered transmission line is consistent with first mode filter and bend duct width)
Width is the bend waveguide of 7um, then is 7um by width, and waveguide core spacing is 4um, and the directional coupler of a length of 2mm is complete
The waveguide at entering signal light place, portion；On the other hand, entering width after flashlight also passes through one section of tapered transmission line is 7um's
Transition straight wave guide, is coupled into the waveguide at pump light place hardly.So, pump light and flashlight are just coupled into one
Bundle, then through one section of tapered transmission line, enter the periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide that width is 12um together, occur non-linear frequency to turn
Change.
Embodiment 2
Pump wavelength is 1.95um, the first mode filter using width to be 7um, and a length of 1.3um of signal light-wave makes
With the second mode filter that width is 4um, such that it is able to ensure the coupling efficiency of pump light and flashlight simultaneously.On the one hand,
Pump light after one section of tapered transmission line (this tapered transmission line is consistent with first mode filter and bend duct width) with laggard
Entering the bend waveguide that width is 7um, then be 7um by width, waveguide core spacing is 4um, the directional coupler of a length of 2mm
Fully enter the waveguide at flashlight place；On the other hand, flashlight enters width after one section of tapered transmission line is 7um's
Transition straight wave guide, is coupled into the waveguide at pump light place hardly.So, pump light and flashlight are just coupled into one
Bundle, then through one section of tapered transmission line, enter the periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide that width is 12um together, occur non-linear frequency to turn
Change.
In sum, this utility model describes conversion single photon detection on all-fiber based on integrated waveguide chip
Device.Of the present utility model solving based on integrated guide technology can not be taken into account pump light and flashlight and enter waveguide from optical fiber,
The problem simultaneously realizing maximal efficiency coupling, on the premise of ensureing flashlight loss reduction, reduces required pump light
Power, thus reduce the cost of conversion single-photon detector.Use all-fiber devices technology, eliminate wavelength division multiplexer,
Reduce while Insertion Loss, also make that conversion detector product is compacter, small-sized, portability.
The scope of application of the technical program is not limited to reverse proton exchange (RPE) lithium niobate waveguides, is also applied for matter of annealing
Son exchange (APE) lithium niobate waveguides, gas phase proton exchange lithium niobate waveguides, and the type such as titanium diffusion, zinc diffusion various from
Sub-diffused lithium niobate waveguides and laser direct-writing waveguide etc..It is not limited to Lithium metaniobate material, is also applied for all types of ripples of PPKTP
Lead.
Although detailed description of the invention of the present utility model is described by the above-mentioned accompanying drawing that combines, but not new to this practicality
The restriction of type protection domain, one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that on the basis of the technical solution of the utility model, ability
Field technique personnel need not to pay various amendments or deformation that creative work can make still at protection model of the present utility model
Within enclosing.
Claims (8)
1. change a single-photon detector on all-fiber based on integrated waveguide chip, including: flashlight, pump light, micro-
Type filtration module and single photon counting module；Flashlight is near infrared single-photon source, uses polarization maintaining optical fibre output；Pump light is
One thulium-doped fiber laser, exports single-frequency continuous laser, uses polarization maintaining optical fibre output；Miniature filtration module outfan is by single
Mould or multimode fibre connect single photon counting module, it is characterised in that also include: polarization maintaining optical fibre array and integrated cycle pole
Change waveguide chip, flashlight and pump light and connect integrated period polarized waveguide chip by polarization maintaining optical fibre array, integrated
Period polarized waveguide chip be connected to miniature filtration module through single mode or multimode fibre.
Single-photon detector, its feature is changed on all-fiber based on integrated waveguide chip the most according to claim 1
It is: described integrated waveguide chip includes first mode filter, the second mode filter, the first tapered transmission line, the second cone
Shape waveguide, bend waveguide, transition straight wave guide, directional coupler, triconic waveguide and period polarized waveguide；First mode filters
Device, the first tapered transmission line, bend waveguide and directional coupler are sequentially connected with；Second mode filter, the second tapered transmission line, transition
Straight wave guide and directional coupler are sequentially connected with；Directional coupler, triconic waveguide and period polarized waveguide are sequentially connected with；This collection
One-tenthization waveguide chip is inputted through described polarization maintaining optical fibre array by first mode filter and the coupling of the second mode filter respectively
The pump light of output and flashlight.
Single-photon detector, its feature is changed on all-fiber based on integrated waveguide chip the most according to claim 2
It is: described first mode filter is identical with the duct width of described first tapered transmission line incidence end, described first conical wave
Lead exit end identical with the duct width of described bend waveguide；Described directional coupler is by equal two sections of constant gap and width
Straight parallel waveguide forms, and every section of straight wave guide width is the duct width of described directional coupler；The waveguide of described directional coupler
Width is identical with the duct width of described bend waveguide；Described pump light is coupled into the described cycle by described directional coupler
In poled waveguide；Described second mode filter is identical with the duct width of described second tapered transmission line incidence end, and described second
Tapered transmission line exit end is identical with the duct width of described transition straight wave guide and described directional coupler；Described pump light and signal
Described period polarized waveguide is entered by described triconic waveguide again after light compositing is a branch of；Described directional coupler and described the
The duct width of triconic waveguide incidence end is identical, described triconic waveguide exit end and the waveguide of described period polarized waveguide
Width is identical.
Single-photon detector, its feature is changed on all-fiber based on integrated waveguide chip the most according to claim 1
It is: described waveguide chip is reverse proton exchange lithium niobate waveguides chip.
5., according to changing single-photon detector on all-fiber based on integrated waveguide chip described in Claims 2 or 3, it is special
Levy and be: described waveguide chip is reverse proton exchange lithium niobate waveguides chip.
Single-photon detector, its feature is changed on all-fiber based on integrated waveguide chip the most according to claim 5
Being: in described integrated waveguide chip, the duct width of described mode filter is 1-10um, the waveguide of described bend waveguide
Width is 3-15um, and its minimum bending radius is more than 0.5mm, and the duct width of described directional coupler is 3-15um, its two sections
The center distance of straight parallel waveguide is 0-10um, and the duct width of described period polarized waveguide is 3-20um.
Single-photon detector, its feature is changed on all-fiber based on integrated waveguide chip the most according to claim 1
It is: the described thulium-doped fiber laser as pump light exports the single-frequency continuous laser of 1.8-2.5um wave band.
Single-photon detector, its feature is changed on all-fiber based on integrated waveguide chip the most according to claim 1
It is: described flashlight is 0.9-1.9um near-infrared single photon light source.
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| CN113078950A (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2021-07-06 | 中国科学技术大学 | Single photon source and single photon preparation method |
| CN114362829A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-04-15 | 济南量子技术研究院 | PPLN-based polarization-independent frequency conversion method, device and single photon detector |
| CN114894306A (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2022-08-12 | 济南量子技术研究院 | Up-conversion array camera and imaging method thereof |
| CN114894306B (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2022-09-13 | 济南量子技术研究院 | Up-conversion array camera and imaging method thereof |
| CN117097411A (en) * | 2023-10-18 | 2023-11-21 | 北京中科国光量子科技有限公司 | Conjugated heterodyne balance detection chip and differential phase balance detection chip |
| CN117097411B (en) * | 2023-10-18 | 2024-01-23 | 北京中科国光量子科技有限公司 | Conjugated heterodyne balance detection chip and differential phase balance detection chip |
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