CN205643504U - Simple and easy electrotechnical instrument based on microcontroller - Google Patents
Simple and easy electrotechnical instrument based on microcontroller Download PDFInfo
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- CN205643504U CN205643504U CN201620405041.3U CN201620405041U CN205643504U CN 205643504 U CN205643504 U CN 205643504U CN 201620405041 U CN201620405041 U CN 201620405041U CN 205643504 U CN205643504 U CN 205643504U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to an electrician parameter measurement field provides a simple and easy electrotechnical instrument based on microcontroller, including power supply circuit, grid voltage and current conversion circuit, gear automatic switch -over circuit, operation amplifying unit, analog -to -digital conversion module, microprocessor control and calculating unit, key in the unit with output display, grid voltage links to each other with gear automatic switch -over circuit with current conversion circuit's output, the output logical product amplifying unit of gear automatic switch -over circuit links to each other, the output of operation amplifying unit links to each other with analog -to -digital conversion module, analog -to -digital conversion module's output and microprocessor control link to each other with calculating unit. The utility model discloses equipment front -end processing circuit is simple relatively, can carry out automatic gear to 220V and 380V's voltage and adjust, can measure power factor, active power, apparent power isoparametric simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
This utility model relates to electrical parameter fields of measurement, is specifically related to a kind of simple electrical instrument based on microcontroller.
Background technology
Along with the development of digital technology, in many fields, the application system centered by microcontroller progressively replaces simulation and non intelligent system.Therefore, the design of electrical instrument is the most progressively transferred in the intelligence system centered by microcontroller.Simulate and non intelligent electrical instrument generally exists the shortcomings such as equipment simulating circuit is complicated, be easily subject to interference, equipment volume is big, measurement parameter is less.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is contemplated to overcome the weak point of traditional analog instrument and unintelligent device, the simple electrical instrument of a kind of intelligence is proposed, it is relatively easy that this front equipment end processes circuit, the voltage of 220V and 380V can be carried out automatic gear regulation, the parameters such as power factor (PF), active power, apparent energy can be measured simultaneously.
The purpose of this utility model is achieved by the following technical measures: a kind of simple electrical instrument based on microcontroller, including power circuit, line voltage and current converter circuit, gear automatic switch-over circuit, operation amplifier unit, analog-to-digital conversion module, microprocessor controls and computing unit, key-press input and output display unit, described line voltage is connected with gear automatic switch-over circuit with the outfan of current converter circuit, the outfan of described gear automatic switch-over circuit is connected with operation amplifier unit, the outfan of described operation amplifier unit is connected with analog-to-digital conversion module, the outfan of described analog-to-digital conversion module controls to be connected with computing unit with microprocessor.
In technique scheme, line voltage and current converter circuit gather the voltage and current amount of electrical network by transformator summation current transformer.Voltage x current all uses the ratio of 100:1 to decay, and conversion, in measurable scope, is then input to operation amplifier unit and adds DC component.
In technique scheme, gear automatic switch-over circuit is one of pith of whole system, and its major function is to select correct path, namely closes the switch of suitable gear and disconnects the switch of other gears.The Guan Bi of relay or disconnect and judged by single-chip microcomputer determine according to the data of sampling, implementing is progressively to search for top grade from low grade, if the numerical value of processor sampling is too small, next shelves of tuning are until suitable gear.
In technique scheme, operation amplifier unit uses LM324 operational amplification circuit.LM324 series operational amplifier is the four-operational amplifier of low-cost band differential input function, and it has internal compensation function, input has electrostatic protection, can be operated under single supply features such as (voltage range are 3.3V ~ 32V).The design uses reverse negative feedback, is amplified being simultaneously introduced DC component to input signal, it is therefore an objective to there is not negative signal in AD sampling, offsets flip-flop finally by software.
In technique scheme, analog-to-digital conversion module is the sample frequency meeting needs, and the design uses 8 ultra high speed A/D conversion chip TLC0820, and this chip also has other features, such as: parallel data exports and is triple gate, has different mode of operations to select.Therefore, the design uses a reading mode, and two-way AD samples simultaneously and reads respectively, thus can eliminate the delay inequality of two paths of signals.
In technique scheme, this electrical instrument also have LCD show, function keyboard, cross range warning circuit: function keyboard uses 24 array keyboards, have various parameter select key, acknowledgement key etc.；LCD display unit uses LM12864 dot matrix lcd module, mainly it is made up of LCD display, controller, driver and bias generating circuit, for showing the information such as the magnitude of voltage of measurement, current value, power factor, available power, useless power, the distortion factor；Cross range warning circuit by Single-chip Controlling, when measured value exceedes range, the driving buzzer warning of single-chip microcomputer, simultaneously close off relay switch.
In technique scheme, power circuit is outside provides 12V unidirectional current, is respectively 5V and the 3.3V voltage required for system provides after voltage stabilizing chip 7805 and LM1117 is changed.
In technique scheme, described microprocessor controls to use STM32F103 processor with computing unit.First data processor carries out pretreatment to the data of sampling, carries out high-pass filtering, removes the artificial flip-flop added, then calculates voltage effective value and current effective value；Next linear interpolation is utilized to calculate the zero crossing time of two paths of signals, according to, it is the phase contrast of voltage signal and current signal, it can be deduced that power factor, then can calculate the value of above-mentioned parameter according to active power, reactive power and the relation of apparent energy；Filtered voltage signal is carried out fast fourier transform, then calculates the square root of all harmonic energy sums and the ratio of first-harmonic energy, the i.e. distortion factor of voltage.Keyboard subprogram and LCD subprogram chief leading cadre's machine are mutual, according to the input of keyboard, then show the value of relevant parameter on LCD.Crossing range warning subprogram is to judge whether to have exceeded range according to the voltage effective value measured or current effective value, if it does, then drive buzzer warning, LCD display indicates current abnormality, and block system relay switch carrys out protection circuit simultaneously.
nullIn technique scheme，Described line voltage and current converter circuit include transformator T1 summation current transformer T2，There are three taps on the right side of described transformator T1，Two of which tap connects resistance R1 and resistance R2 respectively，The other end of resistance R1 and resistance R2 connects the pin of the alternative of the switch of relay K 1，The other side of the switch of relay K 1 connects resistance R4，The 3rd tap ground connection simultaneously of connection transformer T1 after resistance R4 series connection resettable fuse F1，The colelctor electrode of relay K 1 connecting triode Q1，It is connected to after base series resistor R5 of audion Q1 on the I/O port P1.0 of STM32F103 processor，Ground connection after emitter stage series resistance R3 of audion Q1，Take voltage to be measured in the junction of resistance R4 Yu relay K 1 and give operation amplifier unit；There are three taps on the right side of described current transformer T2, two of which tap connects resistance R6 and resistance R8 respectively, the other end of resistance R6 and resistance R8 connects the pin of the alternative of the switch of relay K 2, the switch other side of relay K 2 connects resistance R10, the 3rd tap ground connection simultaneously of current transformer T2 is connected after resistance R10 series connection resettable fuse F2, the colelctor electrode of relay K 2 connecting triode Q2, it is connected to after base series resistor R9 of audion Q2 on the I/O port P1.1 of STM32F103 processor, ground connection after emitter stage series resistance R7 of audion Q2, take voltage to be measured in the junction of resistance R10 Yu relay K 2 and give operation amplifier unit.
Traditional measurement equipment directly uses analog circuit collection and computing, and pointer instruction result, and therefore equipment manufacturing cost cost is high, gear needs that manual adjustment, equipment volume be relatively big, result is not easy to read.Meanwhile, high-end measurement equipment price is expensive, function is complicated, is not easy to common electrical workman and uses.
This utility model preferably avoids the disadvantage mentioned above of legacy equipment, and this utility model utilizes the affluent resources of STM32F103 series monolithic to design the Multi-function electrician instrument with Intelligent adjustment gear, it is simple to carry, convenient operation, with low cost；And having multiple interfaces such as RS232, RS485, CAN, USB etc., the convenient computer system that accesses monitors measurement and remotely monitoring automatically.Through repeatedly testing, result verification this utility model electrical instrument can reach the indices of measuring instruments, has certain practical value.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the circuit block diagram of this utility model embodiment.
Fig. 2 is line voltage and current converter circuit and the circuit connection diagram of gear automatic switch-over circuit part in this utility model embodiment.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiment the utility model will be further described.
As shown in Figure 1, the present embodiment provides a kind of simple electrical instrument based on microcontroller, including power circuit, line voltage and current converter circuit, gear automatic switch-over circuit, operation amplifier unit, analog-to-digital conversion module, microprocessor controls and computing unit, key-press input and output display unit, described line voltage is connected with gear automatic switch-over circuit with the outfan of current converter circuit, the outfan of described gear automatic switch-over circuit is connected with operation amplifier unit, the outfan of described operation amplifier unit is connected with analog-to-digital conversion module, the outfan of described analog-to-digital conversion module controls to be connected with computing unit with microprocessor.
The control of above-mentioned microprocessor is the core of data acquisition together with being closely connected with computing unit, gear automatic switch-over circuit, analog-to-digital conversion module.
As shown in Figure 2, voltage in electrical network is converted to the safe voltage measured first by transformator T1 by the present embodiment, there are three taps in the left side of transformator T1, two of which tap connects the pin of the alternative of the switch of resistance R1 and resistance R2, resistance R1 and resistance R2 other end connection relay K 1 respectively；The switch other side of relay K 1 connects resistance R4, resistance R4 series connection resettable fuse F1 and reconnects the 3rd tap ground connection simultaneously of transformator；The switch of relay K 1 can control the selection of switch by audion Q1, is connected on the I/O port P1.0 of STM32F103 processor after base series resistor R5 of audion Q1；Take voltage to be measured in the junction of resistance R4 Yu relay K 1 and give operational amplifier LM324；Make Current Transformer that the electric current in power network line is converted to measurable small area analysis, change later processing mode identical with voltage principle.
The operation principle of this utility model easy electrical parameter measuring instruments is: is first linked in electrical instrument system by the circuit of electrical network to be measured, then opens the on and off switch of measuring instruments, and each circuit module starts to initialize；When system can normally work, the first voltage and current in electrical network is converted to measurable signal respectively through transformator summation current transformer, and transformator T1 can export the voltage of two grades, is then selected by the switch of relay K 1；In default situations, the switch of relay K 1 i.e. links with resistance R2 section with low-grade location Guan Bi, and when the pin P1.0 processed is become high level from low level when, audion Q1 turns on, and relay K 1 controls end has electric current to pass through, and switch can be switched to high-grade gear；Switching principle about gear is to determine according to the amplitude size of data in the case of current gear, if current gear data amplitude is excessive, is switched to low-grade location, if amplitude is too small, is switched to high tap position；Next the signal obtained is needed to be sent to operational amplifier, main purpose is to add flip-flop in this process to signal, then signal is sent to AD conversion chip, after STM32F103 processor gets data signal, it is analyzed calculating, finally the data processed is shown on LCD；And it is possible to data are sent in network by fixing agreement by interfaces such as USB, RS232, CAN, it is simple to Remote data service.
The content that this specification is not described in detail belongs to prior art known to professional and technical personnel in the field.
Claims (3)
1. a simple electrical instrument based on microcontroller, including power circuit, line voltage and current converter circuit, gear automatic switch-over circuit, operation amplifier unit, analog-to-digital conversion module, microprocessor controls and computing unit, key-press input and output display unit, it is characterized in that: described line voltage is connected with gear automatic switch-over circuit with the outfan of current converter circuit, the outfan of described gear automatic switch-over circuit is connected with operation amplifier unit, the outfan of described operation amplifier unit is connected with analog-to-digital conversion module, the outfan of described analog-to-digital conversion module controls to be connected with computing unit with microprocessor.
Simple electrical instrument based on microcontroller the most according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described microprocessor controls to use STM32F103 processor with computing unit.
nullSimple electrical instrument based on microcontroller the most according to claim 1，It is characterized in that: described line voltage and current converter circuit include transformator T1 summation current transformer T2，There are three taps on the right side of described transformator T1，Two of which tap connects resistance R1 and resistance R2 respectively，The other end of resistance R1 and resistance R2 connects the pin of the alternative of the switch of relay K 1，The other side of the switch of relay K 1 connects resistance R4，The 3rd tap ground connection simultaneously of connection transformer T1 after resistance R4 series connection resettable fuse F1，The colelctor electrode of relay K 1 connecting triode Q1，It is connected to after base series resistor R5 of audion Q1 on the I/O port P1.0 of STM32F103 processor，Ground connection after emitter stage series resistance R3 of audion Q1，Take voltage to be measured in the junction of resistance R4 Yu relay K 1 and give operation amplifier unit；There are three taps on the right side of described current transformer T2, two of which tap connects resistance R6 and resistance R8 respectively, the other end of resistance R6 and resistance R8 connects the pin of the alternative of the switch of relay K 2, the switch other side of relay K 2 connects resistance R10, the 3rd tap ground connection simultaneously of current transformer T2 is connected after resistance R10 series connection resettable fuse F2, the colelctor electrode of relay K 2 connecting triode Q2, it is connected to after base series resistor R9 of audion Q2 on the I/O port P1.1 of STM32F103 processor, ground connection after emitter stage series resistance R7 of audion Q2, take voltage to be measured in the junction of resistance R10 Yu relay K 2 and give operation amplifier unit.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201620405041.3U CN205643504U (en) | 2016-05-06 | 2016-05-06 | Simple and easy electrotechnical instrument based on microcontroller |
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| CN201620405041.3U CN205643504U (en) | 2016-05-06 | 2016-05-06 | Simple and easy electrotechnical instrument based on microcontroller |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109031075A (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2018-12-18 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | A kind of multi-thread core insulation automatic tester and system |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109031075A (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2018-12-18 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | A kind of multi-thread core insulation automatic tester and system |
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Address after: 430079 13 / F and 14 / F, building 4, North A5, phase I, Longshan Innovation Park, future science and Technology City, 999 Gaoxin Avenue, Donghu New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan City, Hubei Province Patentee after: Wuhan Tongxin Software Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 4-5 / F, building A2, optical valley software park, No.1 Guanshan Avenue, Donghu New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430074 Patentee before: ARCHERMIND TECHNOLOGY (WUHAN) Co.,Ltd. |
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| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20231010 Address after: 100176 18th floor, building 12, courtyard 10, KEGU 1st Street, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Daxing District, Beijing Patentee after: Tongxin Software Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 430079 13 / F and 14 / F, building 4, North A5, phase I, Longshan Innovation Park, future science and Technology City, 999 Gaoxin Avenue, Donghu New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan City, Hubei Province Patentee before: Wuhan Tongxin Software Technology Co.,Ltd. |
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| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |