CN205607727U - Device of different moisture content ground samples of accurate preparation - Google Patents
Device of different moisture content ground samples of accurate preparation Download PDFInfo
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- CN205607727U CN205607727U CN201620395637.XU CN201620395637U CN205607727U CN 205607727 U CN205607727 U CN 205607727U CN 201620395637 U CN201620395637 U CN 201620395637U CN 205607727 U CN205607727 U CN 205607727U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to an indoor ground specimen preparation device, but concretely relates to device of different moisture content ground samples of accurate preparation more belong to geotechnical engineering technical field. This preparation facilities comprises constant humidity ware, a temperature and humidity sensor, agitator, electrical heating ventilation blower, controller, the 2nd temperature and humidity sensor, porous shelf, pressure sensor, planchet, pipe -line system, the utility model discloses a device of different moisture content ground samples of accurate preparation has solved in the present indoor experiment different moisture content ground specimen preparations and has had about uneven, easy the disintegrate difficult problem of the difficult preparation of soil sample of moisture content, device of different moisture content ground samples of accurate preparation simple structure, and convenient to use, the practicality is strong, and degree of automation is high, can generally be used for the accurate preparation of different moisture content ground samples.
Description
Technical field
This utility model relates to indoor ground sample preparation device, is more particularly to accurately to prepare the device of different water cut ground sample, belongs to Geotechnical Engineering field.
Background technology
Rock-soil mechanics test discloses the compressive strength rate of the saturated rock soil body and is dried Rock And Soil reduction by more than 40 percent, reduces ratio up to more than 70 percent for the weak rocks soil body.In Geotechnical Engineering, Rock And Soil intensity and deformation under natural conditions meet construction requirement, but when construction environment changes, such as heavy rain, prominent retention of excessive fluid etc., Rock And Soil intensity under aqueous conditions reduces, there is uneven large deformation, easily induced landslide, country rock or surrounding soil unstability simultaneously, bring many problems to geotechnical engineering constructions such as basement process, excavation of foundation pit, constructing tunnel, slope reinforcings.Therefore, indoor rock-soil mechanics test and field engineering all disclose water outlet and intensity and the deformation of Rock And Soil are existed attenuation, for evaluating the water impact on Geotechnical Engineering, need the Weakening degree of Rock And Soil under research different water cut badly.
Moisture content is the quality percentage ratio with dry sample mass of water, and this index can reflect the dry and wet degree of ground sample.For research water on Rock And Soil intensity and the impact of deformation, typically carry out the ground sample to different water cut and carry out the indoor mechanical test of different stress path, before test, need first to prepare the ground sample of different water cut.At present, the preparation method of different water cut ground sample mainly has: 1) first by ground sample water saturation, then with furnace drying method, by force dehydration different time and obtain；2) the rock sample immersion different time that will dry, soaking time difference causes ground sample water sucting degree variant, thus obtains the ground sample of different water cut.Both the above preparation method is relatively simple, and preparation time is shorter, but, water is dynamically changed by the principle of conduction of heat, due to ground specimen geometry and the restriction of size, during drying dehydration or soaking infiltration, distribution aqueous in ground sample is not uniform, even preparing by oven drying method, obtain is the ground sample of outer dry endogenous dampness, if obtain by infusion method is ground sample dry in exogenous damp, this degree of irregularity is different with the compaction rate of rock-soil material, for fine and close rock sample, degree of irregularity becomes apparent from, anisotropy within sample is the most prominent, concentrating due to stress causes mechanical test result discreteness obvious；It addition, if soil sample meets water easy disintegrating, preparation process can not contact aqueous water, and the most existing preparation method and equipment are not suitable for easy disintegrating soil sample.
In sum, prepare different water cut ground sample at present to there is moisture content inside and outside uneven, easy disintegrating soil sample and the problem such as cannot prepare, research and develop a kind of device that can accurately prepare different water cut ground sample and prepare the ground sample of inside and outside moisture content uniformity, can be accurately to disclose water to affect, with Rock And Soil coupling and evaluation water, the technical support that underground engineering stability of rock-soil body provides important.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is to be to provide a kind of simple in construction, and easy to use, practical, automaticity is high, can accurately prepare different water cut ground sample, and the test preparation facilities of the sample inside and outside moisture content uniformity of preparation.
To achieve these goals, this utility model uses techniques below measure.
nullA kind of device accurately preparing different water cut ground sample，It is characterized in that: this preparation facilities is by constant humidity ware、First Temperature Humidity Sensor、Agitator、Electrical heating ventilation blower、Controller、Second Temperature Humidity Sensor、Porous shelf、Pressure transducer、Planchet、Pipe-line system forms，Planchet is made up of planchet upper cover and planchet base，Pipe-line system is by water-delivery pump、Water-delivery valve、Water-supply-pipe、Drain pipe、Water discharging valve、First airway、Second airway、3rd airway、First gas transmission valve、Second gas transmission valve is constituted，Constant humidity ware is cylinder，Constant humidity ware inside top is connected to the first Temperature Humidity Sensor along centrage，The first porous guard shield it is covered with outside first Temperature Humidity Sensor，First porous guard shield is fixed with constant humidity ware by screw，Agitator is connected below first porous guard shield，The blade of agitator stretches into the supersaturated solution that solute separates out，Edge bottom constant humidity ware connects drain pipe，Drain pipe is provided with drain valve，The side of constant humidity ware top center line connects one end of water-supply-pipe，The other end of water-supply-pipe is connected with water-delivery pump，Between water-delivery pump and constant humidity ware, it is provided with water-delivery valve on water-supply-pipe，The side of constant humidity ware top center line is additionally provided with supply port and the first Wiring port，First Temperature Humidity Sensor、The signal of telecommunication of agitator accesses the first Wiring port，First Wiring port is connected with controller by the first data wire，It is connected with the air outlet of electrical heating ventilation blower by the first airway in the middle part of the side outer wall of constant humidity ware，Planchet base is cylinder，The air intake vent of electrical heating ventilation blower is connected in the middle part of the side outer wall of planchet base by the second airway，Second airway is provided with the first gas transmission valve，Electrical heating ventilation blower is connected with controller by the second data wire，It is connected in the middle part of the opposite side outer wall of planchet base by the 3rd airway in the middle part of the opposite side outer wall of constant humidity ware，3rd airway is provided with the second gas transmission valve，Planchet base center is placed with pressure transducer，Porous shelf it is placed with above pressure transducer，Ground sample it is placed with above porous shelf，The outer wall upper end of planchet base is evenly distributed with four external ears，The external ear of planchet base and the junction of outer wall are provided with seal groove，Screwed hole is had on the external ear of planchet base，Planchet upper cover is cylinder，The outer wall lower end of planchet upper cover is evenly distributed with four external ears，The external ear of planchet upper cover and the junction of outer wall are provided with seal groove，Screwed hole is had on the external ear of planchet upper cover，Sealing ring is positioned in the seal groove of planchet base and planchet upper cover，Planchet upper cover is positioned on planchet base，Bolt passes the external ear screwed hole of planchet upper cover and the external ear screwed hole of planchet base，Planchet upper cover inside top is connected to the second Temperature Humidity Sensor along centrage，The second porous guard shield it is covered with outside second Temperature Humidity Sensor，Second porous guard shield is fixed with planchet upper cover by screw，The side of planchet upper cover top center line is provided with the second Wiring port，Pressure transducer、The signal of telecommunication of the second Temperature Humidity Sensor accesses the second Wiring port，Second Wiring port is connected with controller by the 3rd data wire.
A kind of device accurately preparing different water cut ground sample according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the centerline collineation of described the first temperature sensor, the centrage of agitator and constant humidity ware, the centrage of the second temperature sensor and the centerline collineation of planchet upper cover.
A kind of device accurately preparing different water cut ground sample according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the bottom of described constant humidity ware is covered with solute.
A kind of device accurately preparing different water cut ground sample according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the resistance wire of the described built-in parallel connection of electrical heating ventilation blower and ventilation blower.
Owing to have employed above technical scheme, this device accurately preparing different water cut ground sample has the advantage that.
null1 preparation facilities is connected the first Temperature Humidity Sensor by controller、Second Temperature Humidity Sensor and electrical heating ventilation blower，First Temperature Humidity Sensor、Second Temperature Humidity Sensor respectively with constant humidity ware and the centerline collineation of planchet，Can accurately measure the uniform humiture in constant humidity ware and planchet，Preset temperature is the temperature value that room temperature is slightly higher，When the temperature in constant humidity ware with planchet is less than preset value，When psychrometric difference is more than preset value，Controller controls resistance wire or the ventilation blower work of electrical heating ventilation blower，Accurately can provide constant temperature for planchet，Theoretical by the vapor-liquid equilibrium of one pack system in chemical thermodynamics，Supersaturation chemical solution in constant humidity ware can be that ground sample provides stable constant humidity environment，Resistant heating and air vent mode are taked in the design of this constant temperature，It is provided without refrigeration control design，Therefore，Apparatus structure simple and cost-effective on the premise of，Preparation process is accurate，Automaticity is high.
2 when the humiture difference in constant humidity ware with planchet is less than preset value, and resistance wire or the ventilation blower of controller control electrical heating ventilation blower quit work, energy-conserving and environment-protective.
3 planchet base placement force sensors, the weight change of ground sample can be monitored in real time, it is easy to calculate moisture content and accurately judge moisture content ground sample preparation progress, the easiest relative to the process opening the taking-up ground sample weighing of planchet upper cover, and the indoor environment interference to planchet inside humiture when avoiding unlatching planchet upper cover.
4 arrange agitator along constant humidity ware centrage, when supersaturated solution need to be configured, by water-delivery pump water filling in constant humidity ware, chemistry solute is provided to constant humidity ware by supply port, the blade of agitator stretches into bottom constant humidity ware chemical solution and stirs, when there being insoluble solute to separate out prepared by supersaturated solution, simple and convenient.
5 when prepared by the ground sample of certain moisture content, closes the first gas transmission valve and the second gas transmission valve, can conveniently store the ground sample prepared, and this sample moisture content is stable.
6 prepare complete when certain water ratio test, prepare other moisture content samples when needing to change other supersaturation chemical solutions, open water-delivery valve and water discharging valve, constant humidity ware is cleaned to constant humidity ware water delivery by water-delivery pump, the chemical solution corrosion to skin when avoiding manual cleaning, and this cleaning process is simple and convenient.
The device accurately preparing different water cut ground sample of the present utility model solves the preparation of different water cut ground sample in current laboratory test and there is moisture content inside and outside uneven, easy disintegrating soil sample and be difficult to a difficult problem for preparation, the apparatus structure accurately preparing different water cut ground sample is simple, easy to use, practical, automaticity is high, can be commonly used to the accurate preparation of different water cut ground sample.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is the apparatus structure schematic diagram accurately preparing different water cut ground sample of the present utility model.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings this utility model is further illustrated, see accompanying drawing 1.
A kind of device accurately preparing different water cut ground sample, it is characterised in that: this preparation facilities is made up of constant humidity ware the 5, first Temperature Humidity Sensor 6, agitator 8, electrical heating ventilation blower 13, controller the 18, second Temperature Humidity Sensor 23, porous shelf 31, pressure transducer 32, planchet, pipe-line system.
Planchet is made up of planchet upper cover 25 and planchet base 33.
Pipe-line system is made up of water-delivery pump 1, water-delivery valve 2, water-supply-pipe 3, drain pipe 10, water discharging valve the 11, first airway the 14, second airway the 20, the 3rd airway the 26, first gas transmission valve the 29, second gas transmission valve 27.
nullConstant humidity ware 5 is in cylinder，Constant humidity ware 5 inside top is connected to the first Temperature Humidity Sensor 6 along centrage，Can accurately measure the uniform humiture in constant humidity ware 5，First Temperature Humidity Sensor 6 is outside is covered with the first porous guard shield 7，The first Temperature Humidity Sensor 6 can be protected，First porous guard shield 7 is fixed with constant humidity ware 5 by screw，Agitator 8 is connected below first porous guard shield 7，The centrage of agitator 8 and the centerline collineation of constant humidity ware 5，The blade of agitator 8 stretches into the supersaturated solution 9 that solute 12 separates out，Edge bottom constant humidity ware 12 connects drain pipe 10，Drain pipe is provided with drain valve 11，The side of constant humidity ware 5 top center line connects one end of water-supply-pipe 3，The other end of water-supply-pipe 3 is connected with water-delivery pump 1，Between water-delivery pump 1 and constant humidity ware 5, water-delivery valve 2 it is provided with on water-supply-pipe 3，Constant humidity ware 5 can be conveniently cleaned by water-supply-pipe 3 and drain pipe 10，The side of constant humidity ware 5 top center line is additionally provided with supply port 4 and the first Wiring port 17，Solute 12 can be provided in constant humidity ware 5 by supply port 4，First Temperature Humidity Sensor 6、The signal of telecommunication of agitator 8 accesses the first Wiring port 17，First Wiring port 17 is connected with controller 18 by the first data wire 16.
nullIt is connected with the air outlet of electrical heating ventilation blower 13 by the first airway 14 in the middle part of the side outer wall of constant humidity ware 5，Planchet base 33 is in cylinder，The air intake vent of electrical heating ventilation blower 13 is connected in the middle part of the side outer wall of planchet base 33 by the second airway 20，Second airway 20 is provided with the first gas transmission valve 29，The resistance wire of the built-in parallel connection of electrical heating ventilation blower 13 and ventilation blower，Electrical heating ventilation blower 13 is connected with controller 18 by the second data wire 15，Control resistance wire by controller 18 or ventilation blower is turned on and off，It is connected in the middle part of the opposite side outer wall of planchet base 33 by the 3rd airway 26 in the middle part of the opposite side outer wall of constant humidity ware 5，3rd airway 26 is provided with the second gas transmission valve 27，The planchet closing the first gas transmission valve 29 and the second gas transmission valve 27 is constant humidity environment，Can conveniently store the moisture content ground sample 30 prepared.
nullPlanchet base 33 center is placed with pressure transducer 32，Porous shelf 31 it is placed with above pressure transducer，Ground sample 30 it is placed with above porous shelf 31，Ground sample 30 weight can be obtained in real time by pressure transducer 32，Convenient calculating ground sample 30 moisture content numerical value，The outer wall upper end of planchet base 33 is evenly distributed with four external ears，The external ear of planchet base 33 and the junction of outer wall are provided with seal groove，Screwed hole is had on the external ear of planchet base 33，Planchet upper cover 25 is in cylinder，The outer wall lower end of planchet upper cover 25 is evenly distributed with four external ears，The external ear of planchet upper cover 25 and the junction of outer wall are provided with seal groove，Screwed hole is had on the external ear of planchet upper cover 25，Sealing ring 28 is positioned in the seal groove of planchet base 33 and planchet upper cover 25，Planchet upper cover 25 is positioned on planchet base 33，Bolt 21 passes the external ear screwed hole of planchet upper cover 25 and the external ear screwed hole of planchet base 33，Planchet upper cover 25 inside top is connected to the second Temperature Humidity Sensor 23 along centrage，Second Temperature Humidity Sensor 23 is outside is covered with the second porous guard shield 24，The second Temperature Humidity Sensor 23 can be protected，Second porous guard shield 24 is fixed with planchet upper cover 25 by screw，The side of planchet upper cover 25 top center line is provided with the second Wiring port 22，Pressure transducer 32、The signal of telecommunication of the second Temperature Humidity Sensor 23 accesses the second Wiring port 22，Second Wiring port 22 is connected with controller 18 by the 3rd data wire 19.
Operation principle of the present utility model is as follows.
(1) water-delivery pump 1, water-supply-pipe 3, constant humidity ware 5 are connected, connect drain pipe 10, constant humidity ware 5, place planchet upper cover 25 on planchet base 33, and fix planchet upper cover 25 and planchet base 33 by bolt 21, it is sequentially connected with constant humidity ware the 5, the 3rd airway 26, planchet, the second airway 20, electrical heating ventilation blower the 13, first airway 14, form ventilating return, be sequentially connected with controller 18 and the first FPDP 17, electrical heating ventilation blower the 13, second FPDP 22 by first data wire the 16, second data wire the 15, the 3rd data wire 19.
(2) the ground sample 30 that preparation is dried, and weigh to obtain qualitym 1, place ground sample 30 in planchet on porous shelf 31.
(3) consult Chemical manual and determine the supersaturated solution 9 of certain relative humidity corresponding, close water discharging valve 11, open water-delivery valve 2, by water-delivery pump 1 water filling in constant humidity ware 5, solute 12, the blade of agitator 8 is provided to stretch into the chemical solution bottom constant humidity ware 5 and stir to constant humidity ware 5, when there being undissolved solute 12 to separate out by supply port 4, prepared by this supersaturated solution 9, close water-delivery valve 2 and supply port 4.
(4) the first gas transmission valve 29 and the second gas transmission valve 27 is opened, preset temperature is the temperature value that room temperature is slightly higher, when the temperature in constant humidity ware 5 with planchet is less than preset value, when psychrometric difference is more than preset value, controller 18 controls resistance wire or the ventilation blower work of electrical heating ventilation blower 13, accurately can provide constant temperature for planchet, theoretical by the vapor-liquid equilibrium of one pack system in chemical thermodynamics, supersaturated solution 9 in constant humidity ware 5 can be that ground sample 30 provides stable constant humidity environment, when the humiture difference in constant humidity ware 5 with planchet is less than preset value, controller 18 controls the resistance wire of electrical heating ventilation blower 13 or ventilation blower quits work.
(5) mass change of ground sample 30, the reading quality when mass conservation is monitored in real time by pressure transducer 32m 2, then moisture content isw 1= (m 2-
m 1)/ m 1×100%。
(6) complete moisture content will be preparedw 1Ground sample 30 take out and preserve, planchet puts into new dry ground sample 30, open water-delivery valve 2 and water discharging valve 11, constant humidity ware 5 is cleaned to constant humidity ware 5 water delivery by water-delivery pump 1, after cleaning completes, consult Chemical manual determine the another kind of supersaturated solution 9 of corresponding different relative humidity and configure, constantly repeat above work, can accurately prepare the ground sample 30 of different water cut.
Claims (4)
- null1. the device accurately preparing different water cut ground sample，It is characterized in that: this preparation facilities is by constant humidity ware (5)、First Temperature Humidity Sensor (6)、Agitator (8)、Electrical heating ventilation blower (13)、Controller (18)、Second Temperature Humidity Sensor (23)、Porous shelf (31)、Pressure transducer (32)、Planchet、Pipe-line system forms，Planchet is made up of planchet upper cover (25) and planchet base (33)，Pipe-line system is by water-delivery pump (1)、Water-delivery valve (2)、Water-supply-pipe (3)、Drain pipe (10)、Water discharging valve (11)、First airway (14)、Second airway (20)、3rd airway (26)、First gas transmission valve (29)、Second gas transmission valve (27) is constituted，Constant humidity ware (5) is in cylinder，Constant humidity ware (5) inside top is connected to the first Temperature Humidity Sensor (6) along centrage，First Temperature Humidity Sensor (6) is outside is covered with the first porous guard shield (7)，First porous guard shield (7) is fixed with constant humidity ware (5) by screw，First porous guard shield (7) lower section connects agitator (8)，The blade of agitator (8) stretches into the supersaturated solution (9) that solute (12) separates out，The edge of constant humidity ware (12) bottom connects drain pipe (10)，Drain pipe is provided with drain valve (11)，The side of constant humidity ware (5) top center line connects one end of water-supply-pipe (3)，The other end of water-supply-pipe (3) is connected with water-delivery pump (1)，It is positioned on water-supply-pipe (3) between water-delivery pump (1) and constant humidity ware (5) and is provided with water-delivery valve (2)，The side of constant humidity ware (5) top center line is additionally provided with supply port (4) and the first Wiring port (17)，First Temperature Humidity Sensor (6)、The signal of telecommunication of agitator (8) accesses the first Wiring port (17)，First Wiring port (17) is connected with controller (18) by the first data wire (16)，It is connected with the air outlet of electrical heating ventilation blower (13) by the first airway (14) in the middle part of the side outer wall of constant humidity ware (5)，Planchet base (33) is in cylinder，The air intake vent of electrical heating ventilation blower (13) is connected in the middle part of the side outer wall of planchet base (33) by the second airway (20)，Second airway (20) is provided with the first gas transmission valve (29)，Electrical heating ventilation blower (13) is connected with controller (18) by the second data wire (15)，It is connected in the middle part of the opposite side outer wall of planchet base (33) by the 3rd airway (26) in the middle part of the opposite side outer wall of constant humidity ware (5)，3rd airway (26) is provided with the second gas transmission valve (27)，Planchet base (33) center is placed with pressure transducer (32)，Porous shelf (31) it is placed with above pressure transducer，Porous shelf (31) top is placed with ground sample (30)，The outer wall upper end of planchet base (33) is evenly distributed with four external ears，The external ear of planchet base (33) and the junction of outer wall are provided with seal groove，Screwed hole is had on the external ear of planchet base (33)，Planchet upper cover (25) is in cylinder，The outer wall lower end of planchet upper cover (25) is evenly distributed with four external ears，The external ear of planchet upper cover (25) and the junction of outer wall are provided with seal groove，Screwed hole is had on the external ear of planchet upper cover (25)，Sealing ring (28) is positioned in the seal groove of planchet base (33) and planchet upper cover (25)，Planchet upper cover (25) is positioned on planchet base (33)，Bolt (21) passes the external ear screwed hole of planchet upper cover (25) and the external ear screwed hole of planchet base (33)，Planchet upper cover (25) inside top is connected to the second Temperature Humidity Sensor (23) along centrage，Second Temperature Humidity Sensor (23) is outside is covered with the second porous guard shield (24)，Second porous guard shield (24) is fixed with planchet upper cover (25) by screw，The side of planchet upper cover (25) top center line is provided with the second Wiring port (22)，Pressure transducer (32)、The signal of telecommunication of the second Temperature Humidity Sensor (23) accesses the second Wiring port (22)，Second Wiring port (22) is connected with controller (18) by the 3rd data wire (19).
- A kind of device accurately preparing different water cut ground sample the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the centerline collineation of described the first temperature sensor (6), the centrage of agitator (8) and constant humidity ware (5), the centrage of the second temperature sensor (23) and the centerline collineation of planchet upper cover (25).
- A kind of device accurately preparing different water cut ground sample the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the bottom of described constant humidity ware (5) is covered with solute (12).
- A kind of device accurately preparing different water cut ground sample the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the resistance wire of described electrical heating ventilation blower (13) built-in parallel connection and ventilation blower.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201620395637.XU CN205607727U (en) | 2016-05-05 | 2016-05-05 | Device of different moisture content ground samples of accurate preparation |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201620395637.XU CN205607727U (en) | 2016-05-05 | 2016-05-05 | Device of different moisture content ground samples of accurate preparation |
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| CN205607727U true CN205607727U (en) | 2016-09-28 |
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| CN201620395637.XU Withdrawn - After Issue CN205607727U (en) | 2016-05-05 | 2016-05-05 | Device of different moisture content ground samples of accurate preparation |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105806676A (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-07-27 | 河南理工大学 | Device for accurately preparing rock-soil samples with different moisture contents |
| CN109596497A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-04-09 | 河南理工大学 | Simulate the experimental provision and method of sand body liquefaction intrusion trigger mechanism and forming process |
-
2016
- 2016-05-05 CN CN201620395637.XU patent/CN205607727U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105806676A (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-07-27 | 河南理工大学 | Device for accurately preparing rock-soil samples with different moisture contents |
| CN105806676B (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2018-07-17 | 河南理工大学 | A kind of accurate device for preparing different water cut ground sample |
| CN109596497A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-04-09 | 河南理工大学 | Simulate the experimental provision and method of sand body liquefaction intrusion trigger mechanism and forming process |
| CN109596497B (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2021-06-25 | 河南理工大学 | Experimental device and method for simulating sand liquefaction invasion triggering mechanism and formation process |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
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Granted publication date: 20160928 Effective date of abandoning: 20180717 |