CN2054866U - Rotary fire grate of vertical boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the rotary fire grate of a vertical boiler, which is formed by a plurality of fan-shaped fire grate sheets in assembling way or is formed by that an integrative circular round table fire grate is arranged a guide bracket in frame way. A motor drives a two-stage speed reducer, and then, the rotary fire grate is driven to rotate by a gear set. The coal which is sent to a coal accumulation chamber by a twisted cage can be homogeneously distributed on the fire grate along the rotary bus bar of the fire grate by an adjustable coal gate, and the coal can make synchronous rotation for a round along with the fire grate. Thus, the complete combustion processes of desiccation, preheating, dry distillation, combustion and burnout can be finished. The utility model has the advantages of energy saving, smoke prevention and dust control, stable combustion condition, inferior coal combustion, etc.

Description

Rotary fire grate of vertical boiler

It is the mechanization combustion apparatus of the small scale vertical boiler of fuel with the coal that the utility model belongs to a kind of.

At present, it is the country of boiler heat source that China still belongs to the fire coal, and dispersed supply of heating is quite general, and evaporation capacity still accounts for domestic heat supply, the heating significant proportion less than small-sized (vertical) boiler of 1 ton/hour (heating load be 600,000 kilocalories/hour).Small-sized (vertical) boiler has little, the low price of floor space, characteristics such as installation and operation convenient management; It is on the low side that the fire grate ubiquity of small-sized but then (vertical) boiler the thermal efficiency, and smoke medicining dust-removing effect is not good enough, and coal adaptability is not strong, shortcomings such as stoker's trivial operations.So the use of small-sized (vertical) boiler is subjected to certain limitation, bringing harmful effect aspect energy-conservation and the environmental protection for country and user.

The combustion apparatus of existing small scale vertical boiler is representative fixed grate, double-layer grate, drawing plate lifting coal burner and lower feeding coal burner.They belong to known prior art, and some subject matters of existence are existing in the CN86210914U specification to be introduced in detail, and this paper repeats no more.

A kind of vertical boiler and feeding system thereof are disclosed in the CN86210914U specification.This utility model adopts mechanization to deliver coal continuously, and to solving fireman's labour intensity, smoke abatement and dust control has certain effect, but still has certain problem to exist at aspects such as rotary fire grate structural design and scarfing cinders.At first, rounding platform rotary fire grate is owing to the motion angle of repose of its fire grate inclination angle less than coal, so the mobile coal seam that need manually poke fire when burning makes coal-fired fresh fuel district around burner hearth move to the burning-out zone at burner hearth center.This operating process has destroyed the ideal burning level, with lower feeding equally easy when poking fire over-emitting black exhaust.Secondly, because fire coal is to relatively rotate to the burner hearth center along the grate surface that tilts, running path is shorter relatively, and the blockiness of burning zone is concentrated, and coal, slag are not easily separated, carbon content height in the slag.Flame was full of around three, coal seam beginning combustion district was positioned at hearth wall, must blowing out when removing the big slag of center fire grate.The one, occur periodically; The 2nd, when striking big slag, the hand dump grate of center fixation leaks out, and has strengthened heat loss due to exhaust gas.Above-mentioned rotary fire grate and feeding system need two motors, two reduction boxes to work simultaneously, add the hand dump grate device of removing lime-ash, make that chamber structure is quite complicated, to consume metal material many, and power consumption is relatively large.And because above-mentioned rotary fire grate structure is limit, lime-ash concentrates on the burner hearth center, is not easy to remove.

In view of the problem that above-mentioned rotary fire grate exists, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of mechanization continuous rotary fire grate, makes it to be applicable to make the vertical boiler combustion apparatus.

The alleged continuous rotary fire grate of mechanization of the utility model comprises round platform rotary fire grate assembly and delivers coal: twist cage and execute the adjustable flashboard of coal etc.Be rotary fire grate described in the difference CN86210914U, this paper deserves to be called and states the continuous rotary fire grate of mechanization is positive circular platform type rotary fire grate, is called for short the round platform rotary fire grate.The round platform rotary fire grate is contained in the burner hearth with a cover guided bearing mechanism, and the strand of delivering coal cage is imported coal storage chamber with coal by coal bunker, again coal is evenly executed on the rotary fire grate face along fire grate rotation bus by the coal flashboard of coal chamber one side.Carrying coal stove row rotates and enters burner hearth and formally burn.

For conveniently understanding the continuous rotary fire grate of this mechanization, be necessary in conjunction with the introduction of fire grate rotation coal combustion overall process.Have any to should be kept in mind that the coal seam rotates synchronously with fire grate in the rotary combustion process, both are in relative static conditions, and relative displacement does not take place.

During the ignition of the boiler normal combustion, the coal seam that has just entered burner hearth is in gives the hot stage, and this coal seam is divided into drying layer, destructive distillation layer, and this section mainly is that the carbon compound gas of destructive distillation volatilization is participated in burning, surface, coal seam ignition thus simultaneously.Along with fire grate rotation propelling and the passing of time, the coal seam makes the coal seam enter combustion phases by surface burning downwards.The top-down distribution in coal seam is burning zone, destructive distillation layer and drying layer, and this section mainly is the solid carbon burning, and chemical reaction velocity is the fastest, and temperature is the highest.Fire grate continues rotating operation, and it is burned just unburnt coal to be delivered to burning-out zone, and this section mainly is the after-flame layer.The lime-ash of after-flame is stoped by the slag trap of coal storage chamber's outer rim, and when acquiring a certain degree, goalkeeper's lime-ash is removed burner hearth by skimming.Whole combustion process and section distribution are referring to shown in the accompanying drawing 1.

In sum, rotary fire grate structure of the present utility model, execute coal mode, combustion process and scarfing cinder and all in essence difference is arranged, coal-firedly do the circumference rotation, in a rotation cycle, finish whole combustion processes with fire grate with CN86210914U.The combustion path of coal seam process is longer, sufficient combustion, and carbon content of cinder can reduce greatly.Simultaneously, eliminate relative motion between coal seam and fire grate, solved the manual mobile coal seam and strike a series of problems that big slag brings of poking fire, kept desirable burning level.Therefore the utility model has fundamentally been realized the burning of vertical boiler mechanization continuity, makes rotary fire grate hold coal again after finishing a combustion process and enters burner hearth participation burning.Simultaneously, form the cooling of fire grate periodic cycle, prolong fire grate service life.The removing lime-ash is very convenient.

Now with the characteristics of the utility model structure, the conjunction with figs. division is as follows:

In order to realize above-mentioned combustion process, mechanical rotary fire grate of the present utility model adopt motor 1 drive two utmost point reduction boxes 4, by by gear train 6,6 ', the guided bearing mechanism that forms of guide angle steelframe 11, guide roller 12 drives rotary fire grate 7 and moves.Meanwhile, double reduction case 4 rotates through sprocket wheel 3,3 ' drive strand cage 5, and the coal in the coal bunker 18 is sent in the coal storage chamber 8.Coal storage chamber 8 is positioned at fire grate bus top, and its and arranged on left and right sides is equipped with free lifting slag trap 16 and adjustable coal seam flashboard 17 respectively.Adjustable flashboard 17 is used to adjust the fire grate coal seam thickness, and keeps evenly executing coal along the fire grate generatrix direction.Slag trap 16 is used to remove the after-flame lime-ash, makes rotary fire grate hold the coal rotary combustion again through coal storage chamber 8 and flashboard 17, is provided with skimming door near the slag trap 16.The shell of above-mentioned coal storage chamber 8 can be made refractory insulating layer with insulation material and refractory material, and it is overheated impaired to prevent to twist cage 5.

Above-mentioned rotary fire grate 7 is inlaid on the gear wheel framework (6 ') by interior narrow outer wide fan-shaped mode by the fan-shaped fire grate segment 20 of polylith, constitutes round platform rotary fire grate body.Gear wheel framework (6 ') is circular platform type, and its bottom periphery is processed with the gear teeth, the gear teeth meshing of pinion (6) and gear wheel framework (6 '), and fire grate rotates required driving force to be provided through gear train (6,6 ') by double reduction case 4.Fire grate rotation bus and horizontal sextant angle greater than 0 °, less than the motion angle of repose of coal, generally can be chosen between 5 °～35 °.The given angle of above-mentioned fire grate, main consideration prevents thermal expansion distortion of fire grate foundry goods and scarfing cinder conveniently.

Above-mentioned supporting guiding mechanism comprises annular guide angle steelframe 11 that is fixed on shell 14 bottom support brackets 15 and the guide roller 12 that is fixed on the fire grate body, and the gear train (6,6 ') of driving fire grate body rotation is formed.This gear train (6,6 ') can be selected bevel gear group or straight-tooth wheels for use.Roller 12 moves along annular guide angle steelframe 11, and drive fire grate body is done the circumference rotation and moved.

Above-mentioned circular platform type rotary fire grate 7 be not limited to the fan-shaped fire grate 20 of polylith and gear wheel framework 6 ' form, also can adopt casting method that rotary fire grate 7 is made whole round platform fire grate, roller 12 is installed in this Rotary-table fire grate bottom, drives the Rotary-table rotation by pinion 6.

This mechanization rotary fire grate adopts motor 1, big small belt pulley 2,2 ' drivings double reduction case 4, by chain wheel set 3,3 ' and gear train 6,6 ' respectively drives strand cages 5 and rotary fire grate 7 turns round.

Another characteristics of the present utility model are chamber structures, this burner hearth and the supporting formation vertical boiler of above-mentioned rotary fire grate combustion apparatus.This burner hearth 13 usefulness refractory material embeddings lining is made the round platform column type, and its top shape of a hoof circular arch 9 is provided with the aditus laryngis 19 that fires, and fan blade shape flue gas tangent line guide plate 21 is housed in this aditus laryngis 19.High-temperature flue gas forms the spiral ascending air in the burner hearth under guide plate 21 effects, has prolonged the time of staying of flue gas in stove relatively.Above-mentioned chamber structure has satisfied high temperature, oxygen supply, the requirement of space (time) burning three elements, makes it abundant burning, has improved boiler thermal output, has purified flue gas simultaneously and has reached smoke medicining dust-removing effect.

Generally speaking, the burner hearth high temperature section is positioned at the coal combustion section, the near partially burning zone of the above-mentioned aditus laryngis 19 that fires and give the hot arc joint portion, apart from rotary fire grate 7 centers 100～200mm, help giving the advanced ignition burning of hot arc coal seam.

The utility model has strengthened grate area than conventional design, has reduced combustion space.Definite says, has reduced grate area calorific intensity (load), has strengthened the calorific intensity (load) of combustion space, so the I class meager coal about incendivity 3500 kilocalorie/kilograms.

The utility model desirable burning zone in mobile coal seam (coal ash fusion temperature comparatively low must suitably dial slag at burning-out zone) that need not manually poke fire in normal combustion is not destroyed, thereby overcome the interruption over-emitting black exhaust that cause in the mobile coal seam that periodically pokes fire in the prior art, and a large amount of cold airs that bring thus enter the deadly defect that burner hearth increases flue gas loss.Simultaneously, whole combustion process, rotary fire grate carrying coal seam is synchronized with the movement, and does not exist relative motion, fire grate coal leakage quantity to significantly reduce between the two.Because the coal seam is along circumference burning (interior girth minimum of a value is 900mm), its burning zone distribution length is greater than lower feeding and existing rotary fire grate burning radius length, it is well arranged to burn, and circumferential end portion has enough burned length, in the lime-ash fixedly carbon content reduce greatly.

Fig. 1 is that the utility model coal combustion level launches cutaway view for 0 °～360 °.

Fig. 2 is mechanical rotary fire grate and chamber structure front view.

Fig. 3 is above-mentioned mechanical rotary fire grate and chamber structure vertical view.

Fig. 4 is Fig. 3 A-A sectional area coal cell structure schematic diagram.

Fig. 5 is above-mentioned mechanical rotary fire grate and chamber structure left view.

Description of drawings:

A coal seam, b drying are given thermosphere, c destructive distillation layer, d, burning zone, e after-flame layer.

1 motor, 2 small belt pulleys, 2 ' big belt pulley, 3 minor sprockets, 3 ' hinge wheel, 4 double reduction casees, the 5 strand cages of delivering coal, 6 cone pinions, 6 ' large bevel gear framework, 7 rotary fire grates, 8 coal storage chamber, 9 shape of a hoof circular arch, 10 secondary aid distributing pipes, 11 guide angle steelframes, 12 guide rollers, 13 round platform post burner hearths, 14 shells, 15 guide type shoes, 16, slag trap, 17 coal flashboards, 18 coal bunkers, 19 aditus laryngis that fire, 20 fan-shaped fire grate segments, 21 flue gas guide plates, 22 side sealing blocks, 23 doors that poke fire, 24 slag pokers, 25 skimming doors, 26 blower inlets, 27 boiler bodies.

Accompanying drawing 2,3,4,5 provides specific embodiment of the utility model, and its mechanical rotary fire grate and chamber structure are identical with above-mentioned relative section.Fan-shaped fire grate segment 20 evenly is processed with 3 * 30mm airing hole, and ventilation section is about 8%.The bus of rotary fire grate 7 and horizontal sextant angle are 15 °, and large bevel gear framework 6 ' peripheral steps prevents that with side sealing block 22 sealings the leak-stopping coal leaks out.Be provided with three fan-shaped flue gas guide plates 21 in the aditus laryngis 19 that fires on the circular arch 9.

For making flue gas oxygen supply abundance in the burner hearth, present embodiment is provided with a secondary aid distributing pipe 10 made from refractory material in rotary fire grate 7 central authorities, its upper end puts in burner hearth 13 and is distributed with airing hole in peripheral tangential direction, and the aid distributing pipe in fire grate bottom is connected in the lower end of this airduct 10.When using secondary air channel 10 air feeds, its rotation distinguished and admirable should with rotation flue gas reverse movement in the burner hearth, make the abundant mixed combustion of secondary wind and flue gas.Should note controlling secondary air flow size and blow-time when using the secondary aid distributing pipe.

Claims (4)

1, a kind of vertical boiler rotary fire grate, the rotary fire grate (7) that is assembled by fan-shaped fire grate segment (20) is bearing in above the annular guide angle steelframe (11) by its guide roller (12), motor (1) drives double reduction case (4) and rotates by gear train (6,6 ') driven rotary fire grates (7), it is characterized in that:

A, circular platform type rotary fire grate (7), the employing fan-shaped fire grate segment of polylith (20) are inlaid in the top composition of gear wheel framework (6 ') or adopt whole round platform fire grate.

B, motor (1) drive double reduction case (4) and by chain wheel set (3,3 ') drive strand cage (5) coal are sent into coal storage chamber (8),

Free lifting slag trap (16) and adjustable coal seam flashboard (17) are equipped with in the left and right sides of c, coal storage chamber (8),

The rotation bus of d, rotary fire grate and horizontal line angle greater than 0 °, less than the motion angle of repose of coal; Usually be chosen in 5 °～35 ° scopes.

2, mechanization rotary fire grate according to claim 1 is characterized in that rotary fire grate (7) is driven by large and small bevel gear (6,6 '), and large bevel gear framework (6 ') peripheral steps seals with side sealing block (22).

3, mechanization rotary fire grate according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that fan-shaped fire grate segment (20) is distributed with 3 * 30mm airing hole, and its ventilation section is long-pending to be about 8%, and the bus of rotary fire grate (7) and horizontal line angle are 15 °.

4, mechanization rotary fire grate according to claim 1 is characterized in that the shell of coal storage chamber (8) is surrounded by refractory insulating layer.

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