CN205462133U - High -efficient overflow - injection cast gas -liquid distributor - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a high -efficient overflow spray cast gas -liquid distributor to the current model of solution atomizes and the diffusivity effect is poor, spray the not high and central drip scheduling problem of homogeneity. Its structural feature as follows: the top cap plectane is installed on the pipe mouth upper portion on the upper portion of cone pipe nozzle, and the venturi nozzle has been formed one time insert the flat round mouth of going up of decline anemostat with coaxial mode in to the hollow conical pipe section 21 of cone pipe nozzle lower part, and antidrip stream transfers pitch cone shape plectane to install in the lower flat round mouth below of decline anemostat, connects from top to bottom through the arc connecting strip to leave certain gap, constituteed secondary ring nozzle. The utility model discloses can install in the refining of various oil or coal tar is with the hydrogenation ware.

Description

A kind of efficiently overflow - Injection cast gas-liquid allotter

Technical field

This utility model relates to Petro-Chemical Machinery equipment technical field, and specifically, it is the efficient overflow in a kind of oil or coal tar refining hydrogenation reactor-injection cast gas-liquid allotter.

Background technology

In recent years, fast development and the enhancing of environmental consciousness along with global economy, domestic environmental regulation is the strictest, requirement to cleaner fuels is more and more higher, petroleum refining and coal chemical industry enterprises are had to the product quality improving self various oil product, and oil hydrogenation technology is one of most efficient method improving oil quality.The height of hydrogenation technique technical merit, depends primarily on the quality of Hydrogenation raw oil pretreatment, the performance of hydrogenation catalyst (protective agent) and three principal elements of hydrogenation reactor internals.

At present, in order to improve the quality of fuel oil hydrogenation reaction, it is necessary for improving the reactivity of hydrogenation catalyst.But, use highly active catalyst, once gas phase stream is bad to the diffusibility of liquid phase stream, beds arises that immediately below " locally channel " region, i.e. gas-liquid allotter, in regional area, liquid phase stream is the most on the high side, because its resistance is big, gas phase stream is the most on the low side, causes " local lacks hydrogen " problem.In the presence of when hydrogen dissolution degree in liquid phase stream is relatively low and does not reaches two kinds of situations of hydrogen in hydrogenation reaction while, it it is exactly serious " lacking hydrogen " phenomenon, now this region there will be " hot localised points ", the materials such as the residual condensed-nuclei aromatics in unsaturated hydrocarbons or heavy oil product, very easy overlap, the adverse reaction such as polycondensation and condensation, cause catalyst surface carbon deposit to lose activity, shorten service life of hydrogenation catalyst.

How to improve the quality of hydrogenation reaction and extend the service life of catalyst, also depending on advance and the reasonability of reactor inner member to a great extent.The gas-liquid allotter of the most each beds top distribution is to ensure that the gas phase stream the most key parts to liquid phase stream atomizing effect, biphase gas and liquid flow is before entering beds, it is necessary to ensure that the distributing homogeneity of biphase gas and liquid flow and the high dispersion of liquid phase stream.The fogging degree of liquid phase stream is the highest, fogdrop diameter size is the least, mean that the diffusibility of biphase gas and liquid flow is good, the specific surface area of liquid unit volume is the biggest, be conducive to improving hydrogen dissolution velocity in liquid phase stream and increasing the dissolubility of hydrogen, liquid phase stream can also be made to be sprayed onto uniformly on beds, be finally effectively prevented from the generation of " adverse reaction ", to improving hydrogenation reaction quality and to extend catalyst service life be very favorable.At present, analyze and in hydraulics cold model experiment at the various gas-liquid allotter hydraulic analogys commonly used, it appeared that problems with: 1, gas phase stream is the most very poor to diffusion and the convection action of liquid phase stream；2, the speed that hydrogen dissolves to liquid phase stream is the highest；3, liquid phase stream is sprayed onto the Biased flow phenomenon on reactor circular section seriously, to the poor effect coordinating novel hydrogenation catalyst to play good action.

At present, along with the development of domestic and international hydrogen addition technology, various " gas-liquid allotters " occur in that various structures form.Existing various gas-liquid allotter, can be divided into overflow type, suction type, ejection-type and combined according to liquid phase stream mode of entrance.

The following is several forms of at present the most existing " gas-liquid allotter ":

The combined gas-liquid allotter of suction-overflow type bubble-cap

The Typical Representative of this gas-liquid allotter is the gas-liquid allotter that oily (Union Oil) company of associating produces, also have similar model, as: Chinese patent CN 201959779 U, CN 200,963,585 three kinds of gas-liquid allotters disclosed in Y and CN 201959778 U.In these four gas-liquid allotter, latter three kinds is the former modified model, simply make the slotted hole on bubble-cap cylinder into spiral cylindrical void, or make down-comer top into zigzag fashion, the seam shape of bottom stream breaker is different, does not fundamentally change the hydraulic characteristic of existing suction-overflow type bubble-cap gas-liquid allotter.Their common drawback is can be seen that exactly: 1, owing to the slotted hole nozzle of bubble-cap distribution highlights locality from fluid Simulation analysis and hydraulics cold model experiment result, suction performance in close nozzle regional area is strong, diffusion effect is fine, but it is very poor the diffusion effect of liquid phase stream is then become away from the gas phase stream at slotted hole nozzle, especially gas-liquid volume ratio is less or oil product viscosity and surface tension the biggest time, its atomizing effect can be worse, there is the biggest drop of taking measurements greatly in the biphase gas and liquid flow after atomization.2, due to the ideal nozle of the variously-shaped gap not ejector principle of stream breaker bottom gas-liquid allotter, and it is close to the shower nozzle of shower.Therefore, gas phase stream is poor to the diffusion uniformity of liquid phase stream, gas-liquid injection separated from one another, cause serious Biased flow phenomenon, the shear action of liquid phase stream can not be given full play of by i.e. gas phase stream equably, and it is atomized globality poor effect, causes bottom to there is serious (ditch) flow phenomenon.When especially relatively low when gas-liquid volume ratio or oil product viscosity and surface tension are bigger, beds immediately below gas-liquid allotter can be caused serious " localized axial channel " phenomenon occur, and the appearance of this " adverse reaction " can make hydrogenation reaction degradation and affect catalyst service life.Here it is residual hydrogenation or coal tar hydrogenating can not use the reason of the type gas-liquid allotter；3, the biggest due to the aspiration of above-mentioned several gas-liquid allotters, therefore, the installation level not requiring nothing more than gas-liquid partition tray plate is high, and require that the liquid phase stream distributing homogeneity that inlet diffuser or chilling case (cold hydrogen box) fall is high, otherwise the aspiration diversity of each gas-liquid allotter can be very big, but the whereabouts uniformity of current existing bubbler or chilling case (cold hydrogen box) does not reaches such requirement.4, the liquid phase stream suction collar extension of above-mentioned gas-liquid allotter is by cleaner for the liquid phase stream suction in gas-liquid top reallocation plate, the size solid impurity contained in reaction mass is all sucked in lower catalyst agent bed, it is one of the principal element of blocking catalyst bed, is unfavorable for the long-term operation of reactor.

Overflow-ejection-type bubble-cap gas-liquid allotter

This type gas-liquid allotter is the modified model of suction-overflow type bubble-cap gas-liquid allotter, as: Chinese patent CN 102451648 A, CN 203,389,620 three kinds of gas-liquid allotters disclosed in U and CN 203944356 U, their common feature is that gas phase stream is from form injections such as the bubble-cap on top, conical nozzle, straight section playpipes, liquid phase stream then enters with overflow circle (strip) hole or pipe end flat mouth, it is atomized in the diffuser that bottom is the shortest, out by the eject slot of variously-shaped stream breaker finally.In terms of fluid Simulation analysis and hydraulics cold model experiment result, their common drawback is exactly: although the jet-action of 1 gas phase flow nozzle is relatively big, but, the diffuser length that three is arranged is the least, do not reach abundant diffusion effect, i.e. primary atomization degree is low.2, the bottom secondary atomizing nozzle arranged all uses the form of stream breaker, though shape is had nothing in common with each other, but, fundamentally do not change the hydraulic characteristic of suction-overflow type bubble-cap gas-liquid allotter stream breaker, therefore shortcoming is ibid.3, structure is complicated, and machining assembly is many, relatively costly.

Overflow-ejection-type gas-liquid allotter

The Typical Representative of this gas-liquid allotter is the exploitation of shell company, is one of current state-of-the-art HD overflow-ejection-type gas-liquid allotter, domestic also have other multiple imitation products, such as: FRIPP overflow-ejection-type gas-liquid allotter that Fushun Petrochemical Research Institute develops and the open gas-liquid allotter of Chinese patent CN 203764228 U belong to overflow-spray combined gas-liquid allotter.The overflow circular hole that the former down-comer is simply opened by latter two makes the axial slotted hole of overflow into or makes overflow circular hole into minor-diameter steel-tube.When their common feature is gas phase stream Jet with downward flow direction in down-comer, the liquid phase stream that suction tube wall circular hole (slotted hole) in the middle part of down-comer enters, is spread by gas phase stream, completes primary atomization at base circle nozzle.In terms of fluid Simulation analysis and hydraulics cold model experiment result, their common drawback is: 1, when gas-liquid volume ratio is less, gas phase stream is little to liquid phase stream shear action, aerosol dispersion effect is deteriorated, and the liquid film uniformity that down-comer inwall is formed is deteriorated, and injection Biased flow phenomenon occurs；2, due to for once atomization process, so, in terms of technology Calculation, requiring that the flow accuracy of gas phase stream and liquid phase stream is high, process units operating flexibility scope is little, typically within positive and negative 20%.3, the baffling plectane bottom shape being in nozzle ring bottom is flat or convex structure, there is drip phenomenon in plectane center, when gas-liquid volume ratio is the least or oil viscosity is the biggest, drip phenomenon is the most serious, and this can cause a part of liquid phase stream can not be atomized by annular atomizer.4, nozzle ring injection gap is unadjustable, and for ensureing the uniformity of nozzle ring circumferential clearance, then the required precision to its welding production is the highest, it is necessary to accurate, but also when requiring carrying, transport and install, it should be noted that collision problem.

Overflow-secondary injection cast gas-liquid allotter

Overflow-injection the cast of Chinese patent 201220737754.1 and 201420495863 bulletin, Venturi tube-type spreader gas-liquid allotter, I invents several years ago, they belong to overflow type-secondary injection type gas-liquid allotter, common feature is to use a Venturi tube ejector principle (the former is simple type venturi tube structure, and the latter is complexity venturi tube structure) and secondary nozzle ring ejector principle double atomization principle.The purpose that primary atomization uses Venturi tube to be atomized is in order to secondary-atomizing nozzle ring obtains relatively fine droplet and uniformity extraordinary annular liquid film so that nozzle ring can preferably play atomizing.In terms of fluid Simulation analysis and hydraulics cold model experiment result, in place of they there is also some shortcomings: 1, the liquid of the horizontal baffling plectane circumferential edges in nozzle ring bottom is because it is bigger than its own face tension force with the viscous pull strength of steel plate materials, therefore this partially liq can flow along the horizontal baffling plectane back side to center, the middle drip of one trickling downwards is thus created in center, when gas-liquid volume ratio is the lowest or liquid phase stream viscosity is the biggest, the flow of middle drip is the biggest, cause internal " locally channel " problem occurred of beds the most serious, although this Channeling problems is more many than suction-overflow combination blister-type gas-liquid allotter, but have influence on the average life of catalyst the most to a certain extent.Once atomizing effect is poor, will affect hydrogen dissolubility uniformity in liquid phase stream, causes reduction and catalyst service life of hydrogenation reaction quality；2, nozzle ring injection gap is unadjustable, and for ensureing the uniformity of circumferential clearance of nozzle ring, then the requirement to its welding manufacture precision is higher, and carrying, will note collision problem when transporting and install.

Summary of the invention

This utility model provides a kind of efficiently overflow-injection cast gas-liquid allotter, it is the new patent of previous practicality--the further technological improvement on the basis of " overflow-ejection-type gas-liquid allotter " in the present inventor's application, the problems such as its purpose solves present in above-mentioned prior art drip in the middle of bottom exactly, nozzle ring gap can not regulate and welding processing required precision is strict, it is provided that a kind of overflow-injection cast gas-liquid allotter that can thoroughly solve the problems referred to above.

The purpose of this utility model is realized in, a kind of efficiently overflow-injection cast gas-liquid allotter, it includes: top cover plectane, conical tube nozzle, declines the stainless steel components such as anemostat, anti-drip cone governor shape plectane arc connection strap and gas-liquid top reallocation plate and forms.It is characterized in that: top cover plectane is arranged at the upper pipe mouth of conical tube nozzle and is sealed against, conical tube nozzle top has equally distributed three-six slotted holes, gas phase stream hence into, lower tubular section creates conical nozzle；The upper pipeline section declining anemostat creates open circles taper pipeline section, equally distributed three-six overflow circular holes are had on this section of top, liquid phase stream hence into, bottom is straight length, and conical tube nozzle is inserted in decline anemostat top circular mouth, constitutes a Venturi nozzles, gas phase stream produces annular negative pressuren zone when conical tube nozzle downward high velocity jet, aspirating the liquid phase stream entered from overflow circular hole, liquid phase stream atomization is become little droplet by gas phase stream, completes primary atomization；Anti-drip cone governor shape plectane is arranged on by arc connection strap and declines below the concordant port in bottom of anemostat, and leaves certain gap, is combined into secondary nozzle ring, inside the atomization of low speed liquid phase stream is become fine mist by the high-speed gas phase stream outwards sprayed；Anti-drip cone governor shape plectane coning angle be 60 °-120 ° and define down dish, such back side hollow shape can effectively prevent drop from will not flow back to center, the anti-drip cone governor shape plectane back side, it is ensured that does not haves beds " localized axial channel " problem that middle drip phenomenon is brought；The purpose that a pair arc connection strap have employed cambered structure is to regulate size and the spray angle in nozzle ring injection gap by changing both sides arc radius, when various such as weld the crooked of secondary nozzle ring that in inaccurate or carrying and installation process, collision etc. causes or change time, just can be adjusted to gap or the levelness of needs in erecting bed by specific purpose tool, thus spray gap and the spray angle of biphase gas and liquid flow not being all.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are: 1, under the manufacturing condition that gas-liquid volume ratio is the lowest, gas phase stream also can be fine to the fogging degree of liquid phase stream, add hydrogen production apparatus operating flexibility by original positive and negative 20%, bring up to positive and negative 50%, be conducive to processing Hydrogenation raw oil of different nature, liquid phase stream is through a nozzle ring and twice atomization of secondary nozzle ring, the atomization process of the biggest drop → droplet → fine droplets, the diffusibility of reaction logistics improves about 25% than existing gas-liquid allotter, hydrogen solubility in mist droplet improves about 16%；2, " center drip " problem of existing gas-liquid allotter is solved, it is also beneficial to prevent " locally channel " problem of beds, local " focus " problem that hydrogenation reaction will not occur because of scarce hydrogen, stop " adverse reaction " to occur, whole beds is made to be in real preferably " sprinkling region " state, beds radial temperature difference is less than 2 DEG C, substantially increases hydrogenation reaction quality and Useful Time of Hydrogenation Catalyst.By the repetition test of more than a year and the actual motion adding hydrogen production apparatus reactor, it was demonstrated that its performance apparently higher than all the former, be successfully applied on gasoline and diesel hydrogenation, residual hydrogenation and coal tar hydrorefining device, effect is obvious.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1: be the structural representation of entirety of the present utility model.

Fig. 2: be the structural representation of this utility model conical tube nozzle.

Fig. 3: be the structural representation of this utility model decline anemostat.

Fig. 4: be the structural representation of this utility model anti-drip regulation cone plate.

Fig. 5: be the structure schematic diagram of this utility model arc connection strap knot.

Detailed description of the invention

Embodiment 1:

Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, this utility model is described further: all parts of the present utility model all can use rustless steel to manufacture.It mainly by: top cover plectane 1, conical tube nozzle 2, decline the stainless steel components such as anemostat 3, anti-drip cone governor shape plectane 4, arc connection strap 5 and gas-liquid top reallocation plate 6 and form.Conical tube nozzle 2 can use footpath to be 22—The seamless steel pipe of 32 millimeters is manufactured, axially have gas phase at upper flat round mouth 23 and flow to pore 24, quantity is advisable with two to six and is uniformly distributed in a circumferential direction, its top pipe mouth 23 is closed with top cover plectane 1, the hypomere of conical tube nozzle 2 is processed into conical hollow pipeline section 21, and lower flat round mouth 22 is as gas phase flow nozzle；

Declining anemostat 3 can use the seamless steel pipe of a diameter of 32 45 millimeters to make, upper pipeline section creates open circles taper pipeline section 31, diffuser as Venturi nozzles structure, upper port is upper flat round mouth 32, open circles taper pipeline section 31 top has liquid phase stream spout hole 33, quantity is advisable with three to six, is lower flat round mouth 34 bottom it；The conical hollow pipeline section 21 of conical tube nozzle 2 is co-axially inserted in the open circles taper pipeline section 31 declining anemostat 3, upper flat round mouth 32 and conical hollow pipeline section 21 outside weldings, constitutes a Venturi nozzles 100.Its effect is to produce negative pressuren zone 102 from lower flat round mouth 22 high velocity jet of conical tube nozzle 2 gas phase stream 101 out, aspirate the low speed liquid phase stream 103 entered from the liquid phase stream entrance 33 declining anemostat 3, in open circles taper pipeline section 31, gas phase stream 101 can shear liquid phase stream 103 effectively becomes little droplet, completes primary atomization.Radian at the arc-shaped steel bar part 51 of arc connection strap 5 should be adjustable.Anti-drip regulation cone plate 4 strikes out turbination 42, and its angle is 60 ° 120 °, and the diameter of upper circular flat board 41 should be less than declining the interior diameter of the lower flat round mouth 34 of anemostat 3, and is advisable with a young waiter in a wineshop or an inn to six millimeter.Anti-drip cone governor shape plectane 4 is arranged on below the lower flat round mouth 34 declining anemostat 3, is vertically connected with by arc connection strap 5, and leaves certain gap, constitute secondary nozzle ring 200, as the gas phase stream atomizer to liquid phase stream.During the decline in declining anemostat 3 of the little droplet after being atomized by a Venturi nozzle 100, a part of deposition of droplets is declining the formation one continuous liquid falling film 104 of circle on anemostat 3 hypomere inside pipe wall, and define one hollow cylinder liquid falling film 105 declining at 3 times flat round mouths 34 of anemostat, and aspirated by spraying negative pressuren zone 202 produced by high velocity air 201 from nozzle ring 200, finally being sheared by high-speed gas phase stream 201 becomes mist droplet；The droplet that another part is swept along along with air-flow, in inertia force effect, on the surface of the circular horizontal plate 41 directly bumping against anti-drip regulation turbination plate 4, speed reduces and becomes thin film of liquid phase 106, and aspirated by negative pressuren zone 203, final also shearing by high-speed gas phase stream 201 becomes mist droplet, completes whole secondary-atomizing.Injection gap and the spray angle of secondary nozzle ring 200 can be changed by changing the radian of arc-shaped steel bar 51 part, to adapt to due to the not parallel problem in secondary nozzle ring 200 gap caused in welding error, carrying or installation process, even after reality can be driven, the problems such as the spray angle of nozzle ring is improper or fogging degree is bad occur, readjust.The back side of anti-drip cone governor shape plectane 4 is for falling dish 43；This structure can make absorption in negative pressuren zone 203 above the outer peripheral liquid of turbination 42 is drawn into again, and again being sheared by high-speed gas phase stream 201 becomes mist droplet, so can effectively stop the generation of middle drip phenomenon.By the actual application more than 2 years, the radial direction maximum temperature difference (3 measurements) of the beds of its light oil category hydrogenation is respectively less than 2 DEG C；The radial direction maximum temperature difference (3 measurements) of the beds of its mink cell focus category hydrogenation is respectively less than 4 DEG C, it is seen that actual effect is especially desirable.

Claims (7)

1. efficient overflow-injection cast gas-liquid allotter, it includes top cover plectane (1), conical tube nozzle (2), decline anemostat (3), anti-drip cone governor shape plectane (4), arc connection strap (5) and gas-liquid top reallocation plate (6) stainless steel component, it is characterized in that: top cover plectane (1) is arranged on pipe mouth (23) top on the top of conical tube nozzle (2), the conical hollow pipeline section (21) of conical tube nozzle (2) bottom is inserted into coaxial manner in the upper flat round mouth (32) declining anemostat (3), constitute a Venturi nozzles, anti-drip cone governor shape plectane (4) is arranged on lower flat round mouth (34) lower section declining anemostat (3), it is vertically connected with by arc connection strap (5), and leave certain gap, constitute secondary nozzle ring 200.

A kind of overflow-injection cast gas-liquid allotter the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: conical tube nozzle (2) top tube wall arranges 4-6 air inlet (24), and be uniformly distributed in a circumferential direction, lower tubular section creates conical nozzle (21).

A kind of overflow-injection cast gas-liquid allotter the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: declining anemostat (3) epimere is open circles taper pipeline section (31), upper port is upper flat round mouth (32), it is provided with three to six liquid phase stream entrances (33) in open circles taper pipeline section (31), thering is provided for liquid phase stream and enter passage, its underpart port is lower flat round mouth (34).

A kind of overflow-injection cast gas-liquid allotter the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the inner ring of anti-drip cone governor shape plectane (4) is horizontal plectane (41), and diameter is than lower flat round mouth (34) the little 2-6mm of interior diameter declining anemostat (3), edge, outer ring is turbination (42), its angle is 60 °-120 °, is down the high shape of butterfly (43) or the low centre of outward flange bottom it.

A kind of overflow-injection cast gas-liquid allotter the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: it is arc-shaped steel bar (51) in the middle of arc connection strap (5).

6. according to the efficient overflow described in claim 1,2 or 3-injection cast gas-liquid allotter, it is characterized in that: the conical hollow pipeline section (21) of conical tube nozzle (2) is inserted in open circles taper pipeline section (31) declining anemostat (3) in the way of coaxial line, upper flat round mouth (32) inwall and conical hollow pipeline section (21) outside weldings, constitute a Venturi nozzle (100).

7. according to the efficient overflow described in claim 1,3,4 or 5-injection cast gas-liquid allotter, it is characterized in that: anti-drip cone governor shape plectane (4) is arranged on lower flat round mouth (34) lower section declining anemostat (3), it is vertically connected with by arc connection strap (5), and leave certain gap, constitute secondary nozzle ring (200).