CN205367780U - Solar energy distillation water purification unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a solar energy distillation water purification unit. Including solar concentrator, and a support, the alembic, wherein the alembic is placed on the support, solar concentrator makes the facula of sunlight reflection focus on to the alembic, the alembic passes through vapor discharge pipe and is connected with the condenser, the condenser is equipped with the distilled water discharge port, pending raw water in the focal spot energy heating distillation jar, the vapor that pending former hot -water heating intensified the back production lets in the condenser through vapor discharge pipe, the vapor distilled water that the condensation obtained in the condenser is discharged through the distilled water discharge port. The utility model discloses reducible smooth reflection loss reduces the convection heat loss, and the scale deposit of reduction alembic reduces heat transfer resistance to heat transfer performance's influence, still can avoid the problem of alembic wall corruption, and have the sterile effect of disinfecting. The utility model discloses have than high heat efficiency, simple structure, cheap cost conveniently carries.

Description

A kind of solar distilling purifier

Technical field

This utility model is a kind of solar distilling purifier, belongs to the renovation technique of solar distilling purifier.

Background technology

Distillation technique such as multi-effect distilling (MED), multistage flash evaporation (MSF) and distillation (VC) of calming the anger have been applied to the desalination of sea water, bitter and salt, it is also possible in high rigidity water correction and high-fluorine water, high arsenic water, other contaminated water, industrial wastewater, sanitary sewage etc. purified treatment.But these distillation techniques need to use fossil fuel to supply the heat that moisture evaporation is required, and energy consumption is bigger.In recent years, owing to the environmental problems such as global water resources and energy shortage, greenhouse effect and climate change are increasingly prominent, it is not necessary to consume fossil fuel, free of contamination solar distilling water purification technology receives more concern.

nullSome Chinese patents relating to solar distilling water purification technology (light-focusing type) are as follows: 200720060141 " solar water distiller devices "、200720170360 " a kind of solar energy ring effect water cleaning systems "、200820229223 " double-function solar energy distillators "、201010108671 " Multi-concave mirror integrated type evaporative solar water purifier "、201010500802 " solar energy sewage-treatment plants "、201110088384 " a kind of water purifiers "、201210069591 " a kind of solar seawater desalination machines、Distillation machine、Solar boiler machine "、201210311957 " solar energy multi-effect distillation systems "、201220642796 " a kind of solar water distiller machines "、201420076621 " a kind of solar seawater desalination and TRTs "、201420368492 " a kind of Portable type sea water desalination devices "、2015201186173 " full automatic solar distillators ".

nullSome patents about solar distilling water purification technology (light-focusing type) are as follows in the world: WO2006077593 " Solardesalinationapparatus "、WO2011108771 " utilizes various water makers and the distillating method of solar energy "、WO2012070786“Apparatusfordesalinatingseawater”、WO2013043242 " equipment and using method thereof for distilled water "、US2012192562“Steamgenerationdevice”、US2013112189“Solarsteamgeneration”、US8882968B1“Methodandapparatusforsolardesalination”、GB0710171“Aconcentratedsolardistillationdesign”、GB201113020“Opticaldesalinationupgraded”、DE4406365“Purificationofsaltwaterbydistillationincontainer-transportablesolarstill”、JP2009138673 " steams very much and stays device "、JP2009044851 " water desalination device "、KR20080103762“Solarheatcollectingandheatingapparatusandsolar-heatedhot-waterboilerwiththesame”.

These concentrating solars distillation purifier generally includes condenser and the alembic (or distillation tank) of the focal point being arranged on condenser, solar light focusing is irradiated to (or sidewall) bottom alembic by condenser, make the pending former water in alembic be heated and be evaporated to steam, after water vapor condensation, obtain distilled water.

Existing concentrating solar distillation water purification technology has the disadvantage that:

(1) luminous reflectance loss is bigger

It is heat energy that condenser focusing illumination only partly can be distilled pot bottom sorption enhanced to the solar radiation bottom alembic, and all the other can be distilled pot bottom reflection loss and fall.Solar radiation reflectivity is limited mainly by the impact of material category and surface nature.The solar radiation reflectivity of ordinary stainless steel plate may be up to 40 to 60%.Owing to selective absorbing solar radiation coating can not bear focal spot high temperature, it is impossible to improve solar radiative absorption rate in the way of being coated with selective absorbing solar radiation coating bottom alembic.Prior art is usually bottom alembic and is coated with flat black paint increases the absorption of solar radiation, but still has bigger luminous reflectance loss.

(2) convection heat losses is bigger

Bottom alembic, (and sidewall) directly contacts with cool ambient air, and when ambient air temperature is low, and wind speed is big, its convection heat losses is bigger.80 to 100 DEG C are reached particularly in water temperature in alembic in the major part distillation procedure time, and photothermal deformation (namely solar radiant energy is converted to heat energy) occurs at alembic bottom outer surface, making the temperature bottom alembic higher than 100 DEG C, the temperature difference bottom alembic and between cool ambient air is much larger than the temperature difference bottom alembic and between the water of its internal boiling.Therefore, cold air dispersed heat is bigger towards periphery by convection heat transfer' heat-transfer by convection mode for alembic.

(3) the easy fouling of alembic, reduces heat transfer property

After the moisture in the treatment sewage in alembic is heated and is evaporated to steam discharge, in alembic, sewage is concentrated, and high density pollution thing easily forms dirt layer at alembic internal face.These dirt layers are greatly reduced the convective heat-transfer coefficient between distillation tank skin and sewage, cause solar facula energy that alembic bottom reception arrives more towards periphery cold air scatter and disappear, rather than pass to the sewage in alembic.

(4) heat transfer resistance is bigger

The heat energy produced at the Solar thermal conversion of alembic outside wall surface generation needs to conduct to alembic through black oil enamelled coating, distillation tank skin, dirt layer in thermo-conducting manner, then again to pass to the water in alembic in the way of convection heat transfer' heat-transfer by convection, its heat transfer step is more, heat transfer resistance is relatively big, and the thermal efficiency (is defined as the percentage ratio that the heat energy heating for the water in alembic and evaporating accounts for the solar radiant energy received by daylighting area of condenser) and is generally below 30%.

(5) alembic easily corrodes

When pending former water contains more salinity or metal ion (as sea water, bitter, salt salinity may be up to 5%), at distillation procedure temperature, it is easy to occur electrochemical corrosion reaction, cause distillation tank skin be corroded.Therefore, solar distilling purifier needs to take anticorrosive measure (as added chemical scale-inhibitor in pending former water), adds cost.

Utility model content

The purpose of this utility model is in that to consider the problems referred to above and provide a kind of solar distilling purifier with higher thermal efficiency.This utility model simple in construction, low cost, it is convenient for carrying.

The technical solution of the utility model is: solar distilling purifier of the present utility model, include solar concentrator, support, alembic, wherein alembic is positioned on support, solar concentrator makes the hot spot that sunlight reflects focus to alembic, alembic is connected with condenser by steam discharge line, condenser is provided with distilled water outlet, pending former water in focal spot energy warms alembic, the steam produced after pending former water heat temperature raising passes into condenser through steam discharge line, steam condenses the distilled water obtained in condenser and discharges through distilled water outlet.

Above-mentioned alembic is provided with plate glass window or pothole windowpane or pothole absorber, described plate glass window or pothole windowpane or pothole absorber is positioned at the focus of reflection focal beam spot of condenser.

The wall of above-mentioned alembic is provided with light guide, the light introducing port present position of described light guide is in the focus of condenser, the diameter of the light introducing port of described light guide is not less than the diameter of condenser focal beam spot, being provided with plate glass window or pothole windowpane or pothole absorber in the photoconduction outlet of described light guide, the steam discharge line of described alembic passes into condenser.

Being provided with the absorbing heat disk of below liquid level in the hollow cavity of above-mentioned alembic, absorbing heat disk is connected with upper cover by pull bar, and wherein the lower end of pull bar connects absorbing heat disk, and the top of pull bar and upper cover are threaded connection.

Solar distilling purifier of the present utility model adopts the hot spot that condenser focuses on to inject the structure within alembic through windowpane, and solar energy hot-cast socket occurs inside alembic, belongs to interior mode of heating.The concentrating solar distillation purifier of prior art is that the hot spot that condenser focuses on irradiates alembic outside wall surface, and solar energy hot-cast socket occurs outside alembic, belongs to external heating mode.This utility model compared with prior art, has following beneficial effect:

(1) luminous reflectance loss is reduced

The windowpane that this utility model is arranged readily penetrates through solar radiation, and it is little that the loss of its luminous reflectance irradiates alembic metal wall compared with solar radiation.

(2) convection heat losses is reduced

Solar thermal conversion of the present utility model occurs inside alembic, and the temperature of alembic outer surface is relatively low, and the convection heat losses that the heat convection between itself and ambient dynamic air causes is less.

(3) the alembic fouling impact on heat transfer property is reduced

Solar thermal conversion of the present utility model occurs mainly in the absorbing heat disk within alembic and internal face, the heat energy that Solar thermal conversion produces is directly used in the heating pending former water within alembic, requiring no the conduction of heat of alembic wall, therefore heats of the present utility model is not by the impact of alembic wall dirt layer.

(4) heat transfer resistance is reduced

Solar thermal conversion of the present utility model occurs inside alembic, the heat energy that Solar thermal conversion produces is directly used in the pending former water of heating, its diabatic process only relates to the convection heat transfer' heat-transfer by convection mechanism between the absorbing heat disk within alembic and/or internal face and pending former water, and therefore heat transfer resistance is less.

(5) problem that alembic wall erosion can be avoided

The heat energy produced due to Solar thermal conversion in this utility model is directly used in the pending former water within heating alembic, requires no the conduction of heat of alembic wall, so there is no necessary use metal material and makes distillation tank body.This utility model can use nonmetallic materials (such as rubber, plastics) to make distillation tank body, can avoid the etching problem that the distillation tank skin that prior art adopts metal material to make occurs completely.Adopt nonmetallic materials to make alembic, also have lightweight, be convenient for carrying, the advantage such as the cost of material is low.

(6) there is the effect of sterilizing

The pending former water of high-intensity ultraviolet direct irradiation in solar concentrator focal beam spot in this utility model, can kill antibacterial, virus that former water contains etc., and therefore this utility model has the effect of good sterilizing simultaneously.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of this utility model embodiment 1 solar distilling purifier.

Fig. 2 is the alembic structural representation of this utility model embodiment 1.

Fig. 3 is the alembic structural representation of this utility model embodiment 2.

Fig. 4 is the alembic structural representation of this utility model embodiment 3.

Fig. 5 is the alembic structural representation of this utility model embodiment 4.

Fig. 6 is the alembic structural representation of this utility model embodiment 5.

Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of this utility model embodiment 6 solar distilling purifier.

Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of this utility model embodiment 7 solar energy multi-effect distilling purifier.

Detailed description of the invention

Embodiment 1:

Solar distilling purifier of the present utility model, as it is shown in figure 1, condenser 1 makes sunlight reflection focus to the alembic 3 being placed on support 2.Referring to Fig. 2, alembic 3 is cylindrical container (its outer surface and inner surface are all black), and including cylinder side wall 301, the center of bottom 302 is provided with plate glass window 303.The defoaming plate 306 being positioned at more than liquid level it is additionally provided with in the hollow cavity of above-mentioned alembic 3, defoaming plate 306 is fixedly mounted in upper cover 305, on defoaming plate 306, distribution has some apertures, when water ebuillition of heated in alembic, foam in steam is dripped removing by defoaming plate 306, and the middle part of defoaming plate 306 is provided with and allows the through hole of pull bar 307 traverse.Alembic 3 is internal the absorbing heat disk 304 being positioned at below liquid level.Pull bar 307 lower end connects the absorbing heat disk 304 of black, and for threadeding between the top of pull bar 307 with upper cover 305, rotating tension bar 307 can regulate the absorbing heat disk 304 high and low position in alembic 3.Space between upper cover 305 with defoaming plate 306 connects condenser 5 by steam discharge line 4, and condenser 5 is the coil pipe being coiled into copper pipe, outside air cool down, and the internal face of alembic or internal partial wall face are black.

The operating process of this equipment is as follows: has filtered the pending former water removing foreign material and has loaded alembic 3, has covered upper cover 305, be placed on support 2 by alembic 3.Regulate rotary paraboloid condenser 1, make hot spot windowpane 303 on 302 bottom alembic 3 that sunlight reflection focuses on be irradiated into alembic 3 internal (in Fig. 2 shown in a arrow), the pending former water in focal spot energy warms alembic 3.The steam produced after pending former water heat temperature raising passes into condenser 5 through steam discharge line 4, and steam condenses the distilled water obtained in condenser 5 and discharges through distilled water outlet 6, with other container collection, obtains the distilled water without pollutant.After collecting a number of distilled water, from support 2, take off alembic 3, pour out the dense water in alembic 3, pending former water is loaded alembic 3, continue distillation procedure.

Some of aforesaid operations process describes in detail as follows:

(1) adjustment of focal spot incident angle

Referring to Fig. 2, when plate glass window 303 is irradiated in the solar radiation that condenser 1 reflection focuses on by a direction of arrow (the solar radiation absorbance of ordinary glass material is about 90%), the 90% of solar radiation is irradiated in alembic 3 (all the other solar radiations of 10% are lost to external reflectance by plate glass window 303, and c arrow represents the solar radiation of reflection loss) by the b direction of arrow through plate glass window 303.Through the solar radiation of plate glass window 303 then along b direction of arrow directive absorbing heat disk 304 lower surface.Infrared ray in solar radiation is had higher absorption rate by the water itself loaded in alembic 3, but the visible ray in solar radiation and ultraviolet are had extremely low absorbance (it is almost transparent that water irradiates) for sunray by water.When solar radiation is along b direction of arrow directive absorbing heat disk 304, its infrared part is absorbed gradually by water on the way, it is seen that light and ultraviolet portion then almost all arrive at the lower surface of black absorbing heat disk 304.The solar radiative absorption rate of black absorbing heat disk 304 may be up to 95%.Therefore, the overwhelming majority along the solar radiation energy of b direction of arrow arrival absorbing heat disk 304 lower surface is absorbed by absorbing heat disk 304, and all the other small parts arrive alembic internal face by the d direction of arrow after being reflected by absorbing heat disk 304, are finally absorbed by internal face.

In the present embodiment, the angle of focal spot incident direction (a arrow) and plate glass window 303 is approximately in the incidence being conducive to focal spot energy between 30 ° to 60 ° and the absorption at absorbing heat disk and internal face.If the angle of focal spot incident direction and plate glass window 303 is more than 60 °, a part for the solar radiation of absorbing heat disk 304 lower surface reflection can outwards penetrate through plate glass window 303 and lose.

Actual focal spot incident direction be subject to local latitude, Various Seasonal in 1 year and in one day not solar irradiation elevation angle change in the same time, condenser performance and focus operations etc. permitted multifactorial impact.When actual focal spot incident angle is relatively low (such as with the angle of horizontal plane lower than 30 ° time), suggestion puts pad in the left bottom of alembic 3 shown in Fig. 2, alembic 3 is made to tilt so that the angle of focal spot incident direction and plate glass window 303 reaches more than 30 °；When focal spot incident angle is higher, it is proposed that put pad at alembic 3 bottom right side, it is possible to obtain good focal spot energy-incident and absorb the effect in order to add hot water.

(2) adjustment of absorbing heat disk height

Absorbing heat disk 304 plays an important role in the present embodiment.Referring to Fig. 2, without absorbing heat disk 304, the water that the solar radiation then injected through plate glass window 303 can pass through in alembic arrives alembic top or upper cover, and Solar thermal conversion occurs at alembic top or upper cover subsequently, and produced heat energy is difficult to use in the water in heating alembic.After arranging absorbing heat disk 304, then Solar thermal conversion occurs mainly in the lower surface of absorbing heat disk 304, and the water being then in contact with it is heated, heated water generation free convection so that water whole in alembic is heated uniformly.In Fig. 2, absorbing heat disk 304 is designed as cone shape, its cone end upper, the vertex of a cone under；Above-mentioned alembic metal or nonmetallic materials make, or part metal material, part nonmetallic materials make.Above-mentioned absorbing heat disk is cone shape is to be conducive to the free convection of water and reducing sunlight to plate glass reflection loss outside window.

Absorbing heat disk 304 is normally at the middle part of alembic 3.If absorbing heat disk 304 is too high, then along with the carrying out of still-process, after liquid level declines, liquid level lower than absorbing heat disk 304, may be unfavorable for the heating of water；If absorbing heat disk 304 is too low, then bottom absorbing heat disk 304 and alembic, space between 302 is too little, is in most cases unfavorable for the absorption of solar radiation.The factors such as cocnentration factor, the solar irradiation elevation angle that distillation procedure wishes to reach are depended in the adjustment of absorbing heat disk height.

(3) adjustment of water temperature

Has there is more significant evaporation when reaching about 70 DEG C of temperature in water, and the boiling point of pollutant in general to be separated is higher.Such as, the salinity contained by sea water, bitter and salt does not evaporate completely when 100 DEG C of water temperatures, when the present embodiment is for desalinization, as long as water temperature reaches 70 DEG C, the hydrone at liquid level place will evaporate, and only hydrone can evaporate, such that collect fresh water in distilled water outlet 6.Water temperature is more high, then evaporation rate is more fast.But, if water temperature is too high, the water in alembic acutely seethes with excitement, then the water seethed with excitement may flow to condenser 5, makes distilled water be contaminated.Therefore, in the present embodiment, lower water temperature is comparatively suitable between about 70 to 90 DEG C.

(4) adjustment of cocnentration factor

Stay the water in alembic after moisture evaporation during distillation procedure and be called dense water.The definition of cocnentration factor is: the ratio of the pollutant levels of the pollutant levels of dense water and former water.The selection of cocnentration factor depends primarily on whether dense water fouling easily occurs after pollutant levels increase.When processing the sewage being not easy fouling, cocnentration factor can reach 10；When processing the sewage of easy fouling, cocnentration factor is generally 2 to 3.Such as, when processing the sea water of salinity 4%, when cocnentration factor reaches 2 (now salinity reaches 8%), salinity starts crystallization, forms dirt layer at alembic inwall.When the present embodiment is for desalinization, cocnentration factor is generally no greater than 2；During for other contaminated water purification, cocnentration factor can reach more than 10.When cocnentration factor is 10, the final dense water yield is the former water yield 1/10th.Along with the carrying out of still-process during operation, user should be observed distilled water output, after tank level to be distilled declines, it is possible to rotating tension bar 307, makes absorbing heat disk 304 be always positioned at below liquid level.

The alembic of the present embodiment can make by metal or nonmetallic materials, and alembic outer wall can with and without heat-insulation layer.When alembic adopts metal material to make, distillation tank skin is made as two-layer, is air blanketing or vacuum interlayer between two-layer, good heat insulation effect can be obtained.It addition, when alembic outer wall bag heat-insulation layer, because the hot spot temperature that condenser focuses on is significantly high, adjusted not at that time, hot spot is likely to deviation plate glass window 303 and is irradiated to other position and causes heat-insulation layer overheated.Insulation material suitable in the present embodiment is not fire exotic material such as glass fabric, alumina silicate fibre cloth.Absorbing heat disk 304 and defoaming plate 306 can be selected for metal or nonmetallic materials, absorbing heat disk 304 and defoaming plate 306 also can adopt other version in known technology.O-ring seal is had, to reduce steam leakage between upper cover 305 and distillation tank skin 301.The airtight construction of upper cover 305 can adopt known technology.Condenser 5 can adopt the condenser of other form in known technology.

Plate glass window 303 can be selected for (the solar radiation absorbance of some solar energy special glass material are up to 96%) such as quartz glass, lucite or high-boron-silicon glass, and the sealing structure of windowpane is known technology.Plate glass window diameter should be not less than the spot diameter that condenser focuses on.The diameter of high-precision rotary paraboloid condenser focal beam spot is about 6cm, low precision be about 12cm.In some cases, plate glass window can be extended to bottom whole alembic, it is simply that saying and will be made as a plate glass window bottom alembic, its advantage is so that the focus operation of condenser is simpler, and reducing the trouble need to frequently focused when the sun moves, shortcoming is that luminous reflectance loss is bigger.

The Solar thermal conversion of the present embodiment occurs inside alembic, and the heat energy that photothermal deformation produces is directly used in and adds hot water.The Solar thermal conversion of prior art occurs in alembic outside wall surface, and the heat energy that photothermal deformation produces must enter through conduction of heat and could be used in alembic adding hot water.Visible, the present embodiment has essential distinction compared with prior art.

The present embodiment arranges windowpane at alembic, and make windowpane be positioned at this technical characteristic of condenser focal point to bring following beneficial effect: (1) reduces luminous reflectance loss: the windowpane that the present embodiment is arranged readily penetrates through solar radiation, and it is little that the loss of its luminous reflectance irradiates alembic metal wall compared with solar radiation.(2) convection heat losses is reduced: the Solar thermal conversion of the present embodiment occurs inside alembic, and the temperature of alembic outer surface is relatively low, and its convection heat losses is less.(3) the alembic fouling impact on heat transfer property is reduced: the Solar thermal conversion of the present embodiment occurs mainly in the absorbing heat disk within alembic and internal face, the process of the energy heats water that photothermal deformation produces is without reference to the conduction of heat through distillation tank skin, and therefore the thermal efficiency of the present embodiment is not substantially affected by the impact of alembic wall dirt layer.(4) reducing heat transfer resistance: the Solar thermal conversion of the present embodiment occurs inside alembic, the heat energy that photothermal deformation produces is directly used in and adds hot water, and its heat transfer resistance is less.(5) problem that alembic wall erosion can be avoided: the present embodiment can use nonmetallic materials (such as rubber, plastics) to make distillation tank body, can avoid the etching problem distilling tank skin that prior art adopts metal material to make.(6) there is the effect of sterilizing: the ultraviolet in condenser hot spot can kill antibacterial, virus that former water contains etc..

The technology design of the present embodiment is based on physical black matrix principle.So-called black matrix principle is exactly: offer an aperture on the wall of a cavity, the light injected through this aperture when aperture area is sufficiently small is all absorbed after the multiple reflections of cavity inner wall face, not having light outwards to penetrate from cavity inside through aperture, this aperture is a black matrix.In the present embodiment, plate glass window 303 is equivalent to aperture, and alembic 3 is internal is equivalent to cavity.

The product form of the present embodiment both can include condenser, alembic and condenser a complete set of equipment, it is also possible to only includes alembic, and this alembic uses with other solar concentrator product mix existing.These can with the present embodiment combination use solar concentrator product for instance that positive axis or off-axis design reflective type solar stove/condenser, umbrella type solar cooker/condenser, portable solar cooker/condenser, transmission-type solar cooker/condenser, convex lens, from motion tracking solar cooker, heliostats concentrator etc..Solar cooker is comparatively conventional in the area that solar energy resources is abundant.Such as, 800,000 are reached in the recoverable amount of China's western region solar cooker.The alembic of the present embodiment can with existing solar cooker with the use of.For same solar cooker, when needs cooking food, it is possible to lay pan on support and cook；When needs water purification, it is possible to the alembic laying the present embodiment on support carries out water purification.The price of presently commercially available common solar cooker is only 2 hundred to three hundred yuans every.The present embodiment includes the cost of condenser, alembic and condenser a complete set of equipment and is about hundreds of yuans and often overlaps.

Use the solar distilling purifier of the present embodiment can not be able to drink from great majority or the natural water being not suitable for directly drinking obtains drinkable distilled water.These natural waters are for instance that sea water, bitter, salt, high hardness water, high-fluorine water, high arsenic water, lake water, river, rainwater, contaminated water (when the boiling point of contained pollutant is higher than the boiling point of water) etc..The potential application scenario of the present embodiment for instance that island, seagoing vessel, Offshore Units, only have bitter, salt, high hardness water, high-fluorine water, high arsenic water water source area, fail to set up the rural area of health water system and outlying district, land field work, camping, exploration etc..

The thermal efficiency of the solar distilling purifier of the present embodiment and aquifer yield estimation are as follows: the average light gathering efficiency of conventional rotary paraboloid condenser is about 85% (remaining 15% be the scattering of condenser and focusing error is lost), adopt the sunlight transmittance of alembic windowpane during solar energy special glass material be 96% (remaining 4% be reflection and the scattering loss of windowpane), when alembic outer wall has heat-insulation layer, its convection heat losses ignores, then the thermal efficiency of the present embodiment is: 85%x96%=81.6%.During fine day, average solar irradiation intensity is 0.8kW/m², the daylighting area of condenser is 2m²Operating time every day is 6h, the solar radiant energy received in condenser daylighting area is: 0.8x2x6x3600=34560kJ, wherein in supply alembic, the heat energy of water evaporation is: 34560x81.6%=28200kJ, evaporation of water latent heat is 2250kJ/kg, and every day, aquifer yield was about: 28200/2250=12.5kg.

The thermal efficiency of the solar distilling purifier of the present embodiment is higher, simple in construction, with low cost, be easy to carry, it is not necessary to electricity consumption, do not use chemical drugs, do not consume fossil fuel, do not discharge pollutants, can with other solar cooker equipment existing with the use of, simple to operate, flexible.

Embodiment 2

The present embodiment is similar to Example 1, and it is different in that, the plate glass window of the present embodiment is arranged on the wall of the inclination of alembic.Specifically as it is shown on figure 3, one section of conical transition section 308 is arranged at the bottom of the cylinder side wall 301 of alembic 3, plate glass window 303 is positioned in this conical transition section 308.This setup is conducive to the incidence of the solar facula of various angle.Such as, in Fig. 3, incident angle is about the sunlight (a2 arrow) of the sunlight (a1 arrow) of 60 ° and 30 ° and all can obtain good incidence and the effect absorbed fully by absorbing heat disk and internal face.

Other similar set-up mode also has: configure bossy body or recessed body at alembic 3 wall, these bossy bodies or recessed body have the wall or changeover portion that the angle with horizontal plane is 30 ° to 60 °, above-mentioned alembic has the wall or changeover portion that the angle with horizontal plane is 30 ° to 60 °, plate glass window 303 is arranged on these walls that angle is 30 ° to 60 ° with horizontal plane or changeover portion, or described pothole windowpane or pothole absorber are arranged on these walls that angle is 30 ° to 60 ° with horizontal plane or changeover portion, roughly the same technique effect can be obtained.

The NM part of the present embodiment is similar to Example 1, repeats no more herein.

Embodiment 3

The present embodiment is similar to Example 1, and it is different in that, the present embodiment adopts pothole windowpane.Specifically as shown in Figure 4, the bottom 302 of alembic 3 is provided with the pothole windowpane 309 made by glass cylinder, and the sunlight transmittance of this glass cylinder material is such as 90%.After solar radiation is injected the opening of glass cylinder by a direction of arrow, the 90% of solar radiation arrives absorbing heat disk 304 lower surface through glass cylinder wall along the b direction of arrow, and 10% additionally is reflected the tailing edge c direction of arrow by glass cylinder wall and arrives bottom glass cylinder；Then, in the solar radiation of b arrow, major part is converted to heat energy to add hot water at absorbing heat disk 304 lower surface, and all the other are absorbed after arriving alembic inwall by the d direction of arrow after being reflected by absorbing heat disk 304 on a small quantity；The solar radiation of c arrow has again 90% to arrive absorbing heat disk 304 lower surface through glass cylinder wall along the e direction of arrow, and remaining 10% is injected the glass cylinder wall of another side after reflecting.Visible, after arranging this pothole windowpane, it is internal that hot spot can inject alembic 3 close to 100%.Comparing, embodiment 1 adopts plate glass window, and the hot spot that condenser focuses on only about 90% injects alembic 3 internal (remaining 10% be reflection and the scattering loss of plate glass window).Therefore, adopt this pothole windowpane of the present embodiment that luminous reflectance can be avoided to lose.Further, since dirt layer is usually the bottom being deposited on alembic, the major part of this pothole windowpane of the present embodiment is higher than the bottom of alembic, and therefore, this pothole windowpane of the present embodiment can reduce the impact for windowpane transmittance of the dirt layer largely.The thermal efficiency of the present embodiment approximates the light gathering efficiency of condenser.

Similar to Example 1, the technology design of the present embodiment is also based on black matrix principle.The opening of the glass cylinder in Fig. 4 is equivalent to the aperture in black matrix principle, is equivalent to the cavity in black matrix principle inside glass cylinder inside and alembic.

The NM part of the present embodiment is similar to Example 1, repeats no more herein.

Embodiment 4

The present embodiment is similar to Example 3, and it is different in that, the pothole windowpane of embodiment 3 is substituted by the pothole absorber of the present embodiment.Specifically as it is shown in figure 5, the bottom 302 of alembic 3 is provided with the pothole absorber 310 made by metallic cylinder, internal face coating flat black paint (its sunlight absorbance is such as 90%) of pothole absorber 310.Solar radiation arrives the internal face of absorber 310 after being injected the opening of metallic cylinder by a direction of arrow, it is internal that the solar radiant energy of about 90% is transferred to alembic 3 through round metal barrel after being absorbed, remaining 10% is arrived bottom metallic cylinder by the reflection tailing edge b direction of arrow, therein 90% is absorbed again, and all the other minute quantity sunlights are reflected after the tailing edge c direction of arrow arrives metallic cylinder another side wall and absorbed.Visible, adopt the pothole absorber of the present embodiment can absorb the light spot energy of the overwhelming majority, decrease luminous reflectance loss.

The diameter of above-mentioned plate glass window or pothole windowpane or pothole absorber is not less than the diameter of the reflection focal beam spot of condenser；Above-mentioned alembic is cylindrical container, and the bottom of alembic is connected with cylinder side wall, and plate glass window or pothole windowpane or pothole absorber are arranged on the center of the bottom of alembic.

The opening of the pothole absorber of the present embodiment the following is the cold air of the flowing in the external world, air within pothole absorber contacts thus being heated to be hot-air with pothole absorber inner surface, these hot-airs have buoyancy lift, major part can rest on inside pothole absorber, therefore, outwardly cold air dispersed heat is less for pothole absorber, decreases convection heat losses.Furthermore it is also possible to set up a glass cylinder in pothole absorber (metallic cylinder) inside, form annular spaces between outer wall and the inwall of metallic cylinder of this glass cylinder, convection heat losses can be reduced further.

The technology design of the present embodiment is again based on black matrix principle.In Fig. 5, the opening of metallic cylinder is equivalent to the aperture in black matrix principle, is equivalent to the cavity in black matrix principle inside metallic cylinder.The pothole absorber of the present embodiment can also adopt other shape such as spherical, inverted cone-shaped etc..

The NM part of the present embodiment is similar with above example, repeats no more herein.

Embodiment 5

The present embodiment is similar with above example, and it is different in that, plate glass window or the pothole windowpane of above example are in below alembic liquid level, and plate glass window or the pothole windowpane of the present embodiment are in more than alembic liquid level.In the embodiment above, if the pollutant levels of sewage are too high or the cocnentration factor of distillation procedure is excessive, then easily fouling in alembic.If soft dirt layer, removal capable of washing；If hard scale layer, then clean after needing to strike off.After the longer use time, the transmittance of plate glass window or pothole windowpane can be subject to certain impact.

The plate glass window of the present embodiment or pothole windowpane then will not be subject to the impact of dirt layer.Specifically as shown in Figure 6, the wall of alembic 3 being provided with light guide 311, its inner surface is made up of the material of high reflectance.The position of the light introducing port of light guide 311 is in the focus of condenser, and the diameter of the light introducing port of light guide 311 is not less than the diameter of condenser focal beam spot.The photoconduction outlet of light guide 311 is provided with the plate glass window 303 being positioned at more than alembic 3 liquid level.Solar radiation is reflected after the light introducing port by a direction of arrow incident light conduit 311, then arrives plate glass window 303 along the b direction of arrow, is more all absorbed to heat pending former water through below plate glass window 303 tailing edge c direction of arrow entrance liquid level.

Steam within alembic 3 is sometimes at the surface condensation of plate glass window 303.Injecting owing to high intensity hot spot continuously passes through plate glass window 303, a small amount of condensed water on plate glass window 303 surface can fast vaporizing.

The present embodiment can also arrange pothole windowpane on the photoconduction of light guide 311 exports.The technology design of the present embodiment is again based on black matrix principle.Fig. 6 middle plateform windowpane is equivalent to the aperture in black matrix principle, is equivalent to the cavity in black matrix principle inside alembic.

The NM part of the present embodiment is similar with above example, repeats no more herein.

Embodiment 6

The present embodiment is similar with above example, and it is different in that, the alembic of the present embodiment is to cooperate with what transmission-type condenser used.Specifically as shown in Figure 7, one section of conical transition section 312 is arranged at the top of the cylinder side wall 301 of alembic 3, plate glass window 303 is positioned in this conical transition section 312, and the hot spot that Fresnel Lenses condenser 7 focuses on is absorbed after being irradiated into alembic 3 inside by plate glass window 303.

The plate glass window of the present embodiment also can use pothole windowpane to substitute.

The NM part of the present embodiment is similar with above example, repeats no more herein.

Embodiment 7

The present embodiment is similar with above example, and it is different in that, the present embodiment is a kind of solar distilling purifier in conjunction with multi-effect distilling (MED) technology.Above-mentioned condenser is placed in aqua storage tank, wherein aqua storage tank is provided with m, it is followed successively by the first effect, second effect imitates aqua storage tank to m, condenser also is provided with m, it is followed successively by the first effect, second effect imitates condenser to m, described m is imitated condenser and is positioned at m effect aqua storage tank, the steam discharge line of described alembic passes into the first effect condenser in the first effect aqua storage tank, the steam discharge line of the first effect aqua storage tank passes into the second effect condenser in the second effect aqua storage tank, m is imitated the steam discharge line of aqua storage tank and is passed into the m+1 m+1 effect condenser imitating in aqua storage tank, the steam discharge line not imitating most aqua storage tank passes into air-cooled condenser.Specifically as shown in Figure 8, alembic 3, first imitates aqua storage tank 3A, the second effect aqua storage tank 3B, aqua storage tank 3C is adjacent for triple effect, is respectively arranged with the first effect condenser 5A, the second effect condenser 5B, triple effect condenser 5C inside the first effect aqua storage tank 3A, the second effect aqua storage tank 3B, triple effect aqua storage tank 3C.Alembic 3, first imitate aqua storage tank 3A, the second effect aqua storage tank 3B, triple effect aqua storage tank 3C top be respectively arranged with the steam discharge line 4A of the condenser led in adjacent aqua storage tank, 4B, 4C, 4, have defoaming plate (being not drawn in Fig. 8) before each steam discharge line.The steam discharge line 4 of triple effect aqua storage tank 3C leads to by air cooled condenser 5.The condensed water discharge outlet of each condenser accesses distilled water discharge header 8, and distilled water is discharged by distilled water outlet 6.Dense water in alembic 3 goes out house steward 11 and control valve 9 through concentrated water drainage and exports 10 discharges from concentrated water drainage.Between alembic 3 and the first effect aqua storage tank 3A, between the first effect aqua storage tank 3A and the second effect aqua storage tank 3B, between the second effect aqua storage tank 3B and triple effect aqua storage tank 3C, it is respectively arranged with former water water inlet pipe 12A, 12B, 12C.The top of triple effect aqua storage tank 3C is provided with Yuan Shui filler 13 and control valve 14.

The operating process of this device is as follows: by Yuan Shui filler 13 and control valve 14, pending former water is added triple effect aqua storage tank 3C, former water in triple effect aqua storage tank 3C flows into the second effect aqua storage tank 3B through former water water inlet pipe 12C, flow into the first effect aqua storage tank 3A then through former water water inlet pipe 12B, then flow into alembic 3 through former water water inlet pipe 12A.Fill it up with after former water reaches liquid level as shown in Figure 8 and close control valve 14.Using the method identical with embodiment 6 to utilize the former water in solar energy heating alembic 3 to produce steam, the steam within alembic 3 obtains the first effect distilled water after being passed into the first effect condenser 5A condensation by steam discharge line 4A.Steam imitates the condensation latent heat of the condenser 5A release former water for heating in the first effect aqua storage tank 3A first, making the first effect aqua storage tank 3A internal generation steam, these steam obtain the second effect distilled water after being passed into the second effect condenser 5B condensation by steam discharge line 4B.Respectively effect still-process is similar for all the other.Each effect distilled water is when distilled water discharge header 8 is discharged, and the sensible heat of distilled water is for heating the former water of next effect.Dense water in alembic 3 through concentrated water drainage go out house steward discharge time, the sensible heat of dense water is for heating the former water of next effect.

The present embodiment can also arrange more to imitate number.Typically, since device outer surface heat radiation and distilled water take away sensible heat when discharging, the temperature that next effect aqua storage tank can reach is lower than upper one temperature imitating aqua storage tank.Effect number is more many, and the temperature of the last effect is more low, and its distillation disposal ability is more poor.So, general arrangement three to five effect aqua storage tanks are comparatively suitable.

Similarly, the solar distilling tank form described by other embodiments of the present utility model can be used for multi-effect distilling.

In prior art, multi-effect distilling has many kinds of design forms.Such as, multistage disc stack formula, fold bottom type, many efficient tubulars, falling film type etc..Solar distilling tank form of the present utility model can be bonded multiple-effect distillation device with the design form of other multi-effect distilling in prior art.

The NM part of the present embodiment is similar with above example, repeats no more herein.

Similar to Example 7, this utility model can use with the combination of other prior art.The combination application of this utility model and any prior art belongs within this utility model scope of the claims.

Purposes of the present utility model is not limited to water and processes.This utility model can be used for any purposes (such as culinary art, sterilization, dry, other thermal technology/chemical industry operation etc.) relevant to the heating of article and is apparent from.

This utility model can be used as steam evaporator and is also apparent from.In this solar energy described by this utility model, steam produced by the alembic of mode of heating can be used for using in prior art any purposes of steam.Such as: (1) condenser of the present utility model and be positioned at the alembic with transmissive glass window of condenser focus and be arranged in outdoor, the steam that this alembic produces passes into the equipment of the use steam being positioned at indoor by the insulation steam pipeline of several meters to tens meter length.(2) it should be noted that this utility model is provided with the embodiment of windowpane and generally can not bear high pressure, therefore the condensed water discharge outlet 6 of condenser 5 must lead directly to air.Embodiment 4 arranges the embodiment of pothole absorber then can bear high pressure, can produce high-temperature high-pressure steam in alembic 3, and high-temperature high-pressure steam has the ability of very strong acting.Can setting up a miniature turbine between steam discharge pipe 4 and condenser 5, this miniature turbine drives a generating set.The high-temperature high-pressure steam that alembic 3 produces drives miniature turbine and generating set to generate electricity, the steam of decrease temperature and pressure is condensed into water at condenser 5, and these condensed water pipelines are transmitted back to alembic 3 (needs are set up check valve and the sensor etc. of necessity and controlled parts).Constitute a kind of small-sized solar heat generating system.

Product form of the present utility model is for instance that (1) includes the set of solar distilling purifier of solar concentrator, alembic etc.；(2) an independent alembic (solar concentrator that consumer has had with this consumer after buying this alembic or the solar concentrator combination additionally bought use).These product forms belong within this utility model scope of the claims.

Being given above is relatively simple embodiment of the present utility model.According to these embodiments, the solar distilling purifier run more complicated, big-and-middle-sized scale, full-automatic can also be built in conjunction with prior art, be that this is apparent to those skilled in the art.

Above-described embodiment of the present utility model is only for clearly demonstrating this utility model example, and is not the restriction to embodiment of the present utility model.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description, here without also cannot all of embodiment be given exhaustive.All any amendment, equivalent replacement and improvement etc. made within spirit of the present utility model and principle, should be included within this utility model scope of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. a solar distilling purifier, it is characterized in that including solar concentrator, support, alembic, wherein alembic is positioned on support, solar concentrator makes the hot spot that sunlight reflects focus to alembic, alembic is connected with condenser by steam discharge line, condenser is provided with distilled water outlet, pending former water in focal spot energy warms alembic, the steam produced after pending former water heat temperature raising passes into condenser through steam discharge line, and steam condenses the distilled water obtained in condenser and discharges through distilled water outlet.

2. solar distilling purifier according to claim 1, it is characterized in that above-mentioned alembic is provided with plate glass window or pothole windowpane or pothole absorber, described plate glass window or pothole windowpane or pothole absorber is positioned at the focus of reflection focal beam spot of condenser.

3. solar distilling purifier according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the diameter of above-mentioned plate glass window or pothole windowpane or pothole absorber is not less than the diameter of the reflection focal beam spot of condenser；Above-mentioned alembic is cylindrical container, and the bottom of alembic is connected with cylinder side wall, and plate glass window or pothole windowpane or pothole absorber are arranged on the center of the bottom of alembic.

4. solar distilling purifier according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the wall of above-mentioned alembic is provided with light guide, the light introducing port present position of described light guide is in the focus of condenser, the diameter of the light introducing port of described light guide is not less than the diameter of condenser focal beam spot, being provided with plate glass window or pothole windowpane or pothole absorber in the photoconduction outlet of described light guide, the steam discharge line of described alembic passes into condenser.

5. the solar distilling purifier according to any one of Claims 1-4, it is characterized in that being provided with in the hollow cavity of above-mentioned alembic the absorbing heat disk of below liquid level, absorbing heat disk is connected with upper cover by pull bar, wherein the lower end of pull bar connects absorbing heat disk, and the top of pull bar and upper cover are threaded connection.

6. solar distilling purifier according to claim 5, it is characterized in that in the hollow cavity of above-mentioned alembic, being additionally provided with the defoaming plate being positioned at more than liquid level, defoaming plate is fixedly mounted in upper cover, on defoaming plate, distribution has some apertures, when water ebuillition of heated in alembic, foam in steam is dripped removing by defoaming plate, and the middle part of defoaming plate is provided with and allows the through hole of pull bar traverse.

7. solar distilling purifier according to claim 6, it is characterized in that the space installing steam discharge line between above-mentioned upper cover and defoaming plate, connecting condenser by steam discharge line, condenser is the coil pipe being coiled into copper pipe, outside air cool down；The internal face of alembic or internal partial wall face are black, and the outer surface of alembic is black.

8. solar distilling purifier according to claim 2, it is characterized in that above-mentioned alembic has the wall or changeover portion that the angle with horizontal plane is 30 ° to 60 °, described plate glass window or pothole windowpane or pothole absorber are arranged on these walls that angle is 30 ° to 60 ° with horizontal plane or changeover portion.

9. solar distilling purifier according to claim 5, it is characterised in that above-mentioned absorbing heat disk is cone shape, its cone end upper, the vertex of a cone under；Above-mentioned alembic metal or nonmetallic materials make, or part metal material, part nonmetallic materials make.

10. solar distilling purifier according to claim 5, it is characterized in that above-mentioned condenser is placed in aqua storage tank, wherein aqua storage tank is provided with m, it is followed successively by the first effect, second effect imitates aqua storage tank to m, condenser also is provided with m, it is followed successively by the first effect, second effect imitates condenser to m, described m is imitated condenser and is positioned at m effect aqua storage tank, the steam discharge line of described alembic passes into the first effect condenser in the first effect aqua storage tank, the steam discharge line of the first effect aqua storage tank passes into the second effect condenser in the second effect aqua storage tank, m is imitated the steam discharge line of aqua storage tank and is passed into the m+1 m+1 effect condenser imitating in aqua storage tank, the steam discharge line not imitating most aqua storage tank passes into air-cooled condenser.