CN205209930U - Detection apparatus for direct measurement engine exhaust particulate matter figure concentration - Google Patents

Detection apparatus for direct measurement engine exhaust particulate matter figure concentration Download PDF

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Publication number
CN205209930U
CN205209930U CN201520804887.XU CN201520804887U CN205209930U CN 205209930 U CN205209930 U CN 205209930U CN 201520804887 U CN201520804887 U CN 201520804887U CN 205209930 U CN205209930 U CN 205209930U
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condenser
saturator
pick
unit
connecting pipe
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陈龙飞
张鑫
郭跃杰
马越岗
张萃琦
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Beihang University
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Beihang University
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Abstract

The utility model discloses a detection apparatus for direct measurement engine exhaust particulate matter figure concentration, including intake pipe, capillary, connecting pipe, saturator, condenser, intermediate junction spare, hybrid chamber, optics particle counter and diesel engine particulate matter filter, wherein, the one end of connecting pipe is inserted in the intermediate junction spare, at this end, the intake pipe is cup jointed in this connecting pipe, the intake pipe top is connected the capillary, this capillary inserts in the condenser, the other end of connecting pipe with the saturator intercommunication, intermediate junction spare with the condenser intercommunication, and with the saturator intercommunication, the upper end of condenser is connected the hybrid chamber, optics particle counter connects the hybrid chamber, diesel engine particulate matter filter set up in the inside of saturator. The utility model discloses but wherein solid particles thing figure concentration is only measured in the influence that utilizes simple and easy mode to get rid of volatile materials among the engine exhaust, practices thrift and detect the cost.

Description

A kind of pick-up unit of direct measurement motor exhaust particle number concentration
Technical field
The utility model relates to environment monitoring equipment field, is specifically related to a kind of pick-up unit of direct measurement motor exhaust particle number concentration.
Background technology
Vehicular emission particle is the important sources of atmosphere particle.Engine exhaust particle number concentration is three peak distributions by particle diameter, core state particle (<50nm), polymeric form particle (50nm---500nm), coarse particle (>500nm).In engine exhaust thing, core state granular mass only accounts for the 0.1%-10% of particle quality, accounts for 90% of total quantity, although core state particle quality weight is low, but account for main body at total particulate number, detect the quantity that engine exhaust composition granule mainly detects core state particle.And there are some researches show, fine particle is easier to deposit in human body alveolar compared to bulky grain thing, larger to harm.Visible, the detection of core state particle is most important.
European Emission regulation, to motor exhaust quality monitoring, introduces the requirement of particle total number upper limit of concentration.Simultaneously, owing to there is volatile material in motor exhaust, its evaporative condenser has uncertainty, thus be accurate stable measured engine emission level, EC regulations requires before utilizing condensation nucleus corpuscular counter (CondensationParticleCounter) to measure motor exhaust, volatile material removing device (VPR:VolatileParticleRemover) first need be utilized to remove volatile material, but which increase detection of complex and the inspection cost of system.
At present, the airborne particle counter of Chinese Enterprises exploitation can only detect the particle of more than 300nm, and can not meet the requirement of motor exhaust detection.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of pick-up unit directly can measuring motor exhaust particle concentration, need to increase volatile material removing device to solve existing apparatus, the technical matters of ability Measurement accuracy, this device can make particulate solid accurate counting, and effectively reduces complicacy and the testing cost of pick-up unit.
The utility model provides a kind of pick-up unit of direct measurement motor exhaust particle number concentration, comprise draft tube, kapillary, connecting pipe, saturator, condenser, intermediate connector, hybrid chamber, optical particle counter and diesel particulate filter, wherein, one end of described connecting pipe is inserted in described intermediate connector, at this end, described draft tube is socketed in this connecting pipe, described draft tube top connects described kapillary, this kapillary is inserted in described condenser, the other end of described connecting pipe is communicated with described saturator, described intermediate connector is communicated with described condenser, and be communicated with described saturator, the upper end of described condenser connects described hybrid chamber, described optical particle counter connects described hybrid chamber, described diesel particulate filter is arranged at the inside of described saturator.
In certain embodiments, be preferably, the junction of described condenser and described hybrid chamber, and the junction of described condenser and described intermediate connector, be provided with heat-insulating shield.
In certain embodiments, be preferably, be provided with the first temperature sensor in described saturator, in described condenser, be provided with the second temperature sensor.
In certain embodiments, be preferably, in described connecting pipe, be provided with the first high efficiency particulate air filter and the first rotor flowmeter.
In certain embodiments, be preferably, described pick-up unit also comprises escape pipe, and shown tracheae connects described optical particle counter, is provided with pump at the end of described escape pipe.
In certain embodiments, be preferably, described pick-up unit also comprises the second spinner-type flowmeter and the second high efficiency particulate air filter, and described second high efficiency particulate air filter connects described hybrid chamber, and described second spinner-type flowmeter connects described second high efficiency particulate air filter.
In certain embodiments, be preferably, on described escape pipe, before described pump, be provided with throttle orifice, third high effect filtrator and third trochanter flowmeter.
In certain embodiments, be preferably, the two ends of described throttle orifice are provided with the first differential pressure pickup, and the front end of described condenser and described throttle orifice is provided with the second differential pressure pickup, and the entrance of described condenser and described saturator is provided with the 3rd differential pressure pickup.
In certain embodiments, be preferably, the surface of described saturator and described condenser is provided with insulation material.
In certain embodiments, be preferably, described insulation material outside surface is coated with insulating material.
The pick-up unit of the direct measurement motor exhaust particle number concentration that the utility model provides, during detection, run under being used in saturator and condenser high temperature, volatile material not condensation can be ensured, thus particulate solid number concentration in Measurement accuracy motor exhaust.This product is used for particulate solid number concentration in direct measured automobiles tail gas, exempts volatile material apparatus for removing.Adopt hybrid chamber structure, utilize clean gas flow that condenser effluent stream is cooled to uniform temperature, and the nano material heat-insulating shield using coefficient of heat conductivity extremely low is by condenser and hybrid chamber thermal insulation, ensures that optical particle counter is not damaged.In testing pipes, flowmeter is installed, the use of flowmeter, is convenient to realize flow parameter and regulates, offset the impact of different sampling condition on counting efficiency.
The pick-up unit of the direct measurement motor exhaust particle number concentration that the utility model provides, can directly detect, and exempts and uses volatile material apparatus for removing, and realizes measuring more than 10nm particulate solid.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model one preferred embodiment.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of another preferred embodiment of the utility model.
Embodiment
It should be noted that, when not conflicting, the embodiment in the application and the feature in embodiment can combine mutually.Please refer to accompanying drawing below and describe the utility model in detail in conjunction with the embodiments, accompanying drawing is only for reference and use is described, does not form the restriction to the utility model scope of patent protection.
In order to solve before current condensation nucleus corpuscular counter (CondensationParticleCounter) measures motor exhaust, volatile material removing device (VPR:VolatileParticleRemover) need be first utilized to remove volatile material, increase the deficiency such as detection of complex and testing cost, the utility model provides a kind of pick-up unit directly can measuring motor exhaust particle number concentration.
Embodiment 1
The pick-up unit of direct measurement motor exhaust particle number concentration, its structural representation as shown in Figure 1, comprise by draft tube 1, kapillary 8, connecting pipe 2, saturator 5, condenser 6, intermediate connector 7, hybrid chamber 10, optical particle counter 3 and diesel particulate filter 4, wherein, connecting pipe 2 one end connects intermediate connector 7, one end of connecting pipe 7 is inserted in intermediate connector 7, but be not communicated with web member, at this end, draft tube 1 is overlapped in access connecting pipe 2, draft tube 1 one end is provided with kapillary 8, kapillary 8 is through described connecting pipe, the length of kapillary 8 can arrive condenser, namely kapillary 8 communicates with condenser 6, connecting pipe 2 other end is communicated with saturator 5, diesel particulate filter 4 is arranged on the inside of described saturator 4, described intermediate connector 7 is communicated with condenser 6, and be communicated with saturator 5, the upper end of condenser 6 connects hybrid chamber 10, the connection hybrid chamber 10 of optical particle counter 3.Draft tube is connected with kapillary and adopts sleeve pipe to arrange, and the air-flow part namely entered from draft tube can enter in intermediate connector from kapillary, and another part can enter into connecting pipe from draft tube, flow in saturator further.
Particularly, saturator 5 and intermediate connector 7 can use bolt to be connected, and use fluid sealant, to ensure impermeability; Connecting pipe 2 uses screw to be connected with intermediate connector 7, and scribbles fluid sealant; Condenser 6 and intermediate connector 7 can use screw to be connected, and its fastening force can ensure that condenser 6 and intermediate connector 7 impermeability are good; Hybrid chamber 10 uses screw to be connected with condenser 6, and its fastening force can ensure that condenser 6 and hybrid chamber 10 impermeability are good; Hybrid chamber 10 and optical particle counter 3 are used by pipeline and are threaded.
When this pick-up unit works, saturator and condenser are all heated to more than 150 DEG C, and saturator temperature is higher than condenser temperature, the organic working medium that high temperature resistant and thermal diffusivity is greater than mass diffusivity is deposited in saturator, organic working medium can adopt SA dioctyl ester, thus ensure that the sheath air-flow carrying organic working medium is when saturator arrives condenser, reaches hypersaturated state.Diesel particulate filter is porous structure, and its Main Function, for infiltrating organic working medium, is convenient to make the sheath gas flowing through saturator to reach capacity state.Flow out from kapillary containing aerocolloidal air-flow, wherein meeting sharp increase is to specific dimensions (being generally micron order size) under enough satiety degree conditions for particle, and under this size, drop reaches equilibrium state, neither evaporates also not condensation.
Sampling air flow sucks from the entrance of draft tube, upwards flow along pipeline, shunting is produced when arriving top, a small amount of air-flow directly enters condenser from kapillary, most air-flow flows downward along pipeline peripheral casing, serve as sheath gas, flow through connecting pipe, saturator, intermediate connector, condenser successively, final two parts air-flow all flows through hybrid chamber.
Optical particle counter is made up of parts such as laser instrument, lens, photodiodes, light path and air-flow are handed over and region is formed " photosensitive area ", when there being the particle of more than 0.3 micron by photosensitive area, its scattered light intensity by lens focus on photodiode, produce pulse signal, utilize the frequency of pulse signal and particle total number concentration from the gasoloid flow rate calculation that kapillary enters must sample gas.
In order to extend the serviceable life of optical particle counter, avoiding its heat damage, being provided with heat-insulating shield 9 at the two ends of condenser.Namely condenser 6 is provided with heat-insulating shield 9 with the junction of hybrid chamber 10; Condenser 6 is provided with heat-insulating shield 9 with the junction of intermediate connector 7.
Adopt hybrid chamber, condenser effluent stream is cooled to uniform temperature, and adopts the heat-insulating shield of the nano material that coefficient of heat conductivity is extremely low, by condenser and hybrid chamber thermal insulation, ensure that optical particle counter is not damaged.
In order to can effectively control by the temperature in saturator and condenser, in saturator, be provided with the first temperature sensor, in described condenser, be provided with the second temperature sensor.
Embodiment 2
On the basis of example 1, for making the part in the gas of detection become pure air, to make it to serve as sheath gas, in connecting pipe, be provided with the first high efficiency particulate air filter; Detect for air-flow access to plant effectively can be controlled, connecting pipe is provided with the first rotor flowmeter.The first rotor flowmeter is communicated with on the connecting pipe of saturator after can being arranged on the first high efficiency particulate air filter.
For reducing from condensator outlet gas temperature, thus ensure that exit flow does not damage photovoltaic element, at the other end inlet porting of hybrid chamber, entrance front end connects the second high efficiency particulate air filter, for that simultaneously provides clean air-flow, for cooling the air-flow of detection.Second high efficiency particulate air filter and hybrid chamber can adopt pipeline to be connected; Ensure to count to greatest extent to select suitable working condition for effectively controlling diluting gas flow, be provided with the second spinner-type flowmeter in the front end of the second high efficiency particulate air filter, the second spinner-type flowmeter and the second high efficiency particulate air filter can adopt pipeline to be connected.
For provide enough energy can to each gas circuit, pump is arranged in the end of optical particle counter, escape pipe can be connected in the exit of optical particle counter, escape pipe end installation pump.
For traffic alignment can be facilitated, escape pipe is provided with throttle orifice, before throttle orifice is arranged on pump.
In order to reduce environmental pollution, escape pipe being provided with third high effect filtrator, in order to regulate suitable total flow, third high effect filtrator rear end being provided with third trochanter flowmeter.
In order to reduce radiation loss, and ensure that saturator and condenser temperature are as far as possible evenly, are all wrapped with the insulation materials such as asbestos at saturator and condenser surface.
In order to avoid saturator and condenser are by electric impact testing result, are all wrapped with on the basis of the insulation materials such as asbestos at saturator and condenser surface, are coated with insulating material again at its outside surface.
As shown in Figure 2, sampling air flow (i.e. gas to be measured) sucks from the entrance entering tracheae 1, upwards flow along pipeline, shunting is produced when arriving top, a small amount of air-flow (is defaulted as 30ml/min, but its size can be regulated according to the first rotor flowmeter 12 aperture) directly enter condenser 6 from kapillary 8, most air-flow flows downward along pipeline peripheral casing and connecting pipe 2, serve as sheath gas, flow through the first high efficiency particulate air filter 11, the first rotor flowmeter 12, saturator 5, intermediate connector 7, condenser 6 successively, final two parts air-flow all flows through hybrid chamber 10.
The air-flow of dilution air flow and condensator outlet provides power by pump 13, and dilution air flow refers to hybrid chamber left air-flow in diagram 2.Dilution air flow flows through the second spinner-type flowmeter 16, second high efficiency particulate air filter 15 successively, and then becomes pure air and enter hybrid chamber 10.Hybrid chamber 10 cools the gas exported by condenser 6 further, to ensure that the photoelectric component in optical particle counter 3 is not damaged, regulates the second spinner-type flowmeter 16 aperture can control dilution air flow amount, thus seeks suitable condition of work.Flow through optical particle counter 3, throttle orifice 14, third high effect filtrator 17, third trochanter flowmeter 18, pump 13 successively through hybrid chamber 10 eluting gas, discharge.Regulate the aperture of third trochanter flowmeter 18, total sampling flow can be controlled.Multithread gauge is adopted to realize Real-Time Monitoring.
During concrete Real-Time Monitoring, this pick-up unit also comprises ECU (Electrical Control Unit), and this ECU (Electrical Control Unit) comprises data acquisition and processing (DAP) unit, single-chip microcomputer and peripheral circuit plate, the PC of temperature sensor and pressure transducer composition.Temperature sensor uses thermocouple temperature sensor, be arranged in saturator and condenser, temperature both monitoring respectively, a pressure transducer is arranged at throttle orifice two ends, a differential pressure pickup is arranged in condensation segment and throttle orifice front end, sensor signal is collected, and is processed by single-chip microcomputer and peripheral circuit plate thereof, and serial communication program can be utilized to communicate with PC.Be furnished with temperature sensor in saturator and condenser, for detecting saturator and condenser working temperature, and real-time Transmission is to single-chip microcomputer, first temperature sensor measurement saturator temperature, signal passes to single-chip microcomputer, and the second temperature sensor measurement condenser temperature, signal passes to single-chip microcomputer.Have particle by producing pulse signal during photosensitive area, optical particle counter 3 output pulse signal flows to single-chip microcomputer and the process of peripheral circuit plate.
Throttle orifice two ends are provided with the first differential pressure pickup, condenser and throttle orifice front end utilize threeway to be connected with the second differential pressure pickup respectively, condenser and saturator entrance utilize threeway to be connected with the 3rd differential pressure pickup respectively, throttle orifice two ends pressure difference signal measured by first differential pressure pickup, flow to single-chip microcomputer and peripheral circuit plate, second differential pressure pickup measures condenser and throttle orifice front end pressure reduction, signal flows to single-chip microcomputer and peripheral circuit plate, 3rd differential pressure pickup measures condenser and saturator inlet pressure difference, and signal flows to single-chip microcomputer and peripheral circuit plate.First differential pressure pickup flows through the flow of condenser for measuring, correcting, the second differential pressure pickup is used for measuring, correcting total flow, and the 3rd differential pressure pickup is for measuring, correcting the flow flowing through kapillary.
Working temperature can be arranged by single-chip microcomputer slave computer or PC, arranges condenser temperature and saturator temperature respectively by signal, ensures that instrument is in reasonable working range.In condenser and throttle orifice two ends cloth pressure transducer, its pressure and instrument working flow have one-to-one relationship, are demarcated by reference instrument, can obtain flow value according to pressure difference signal.
Be composed of Labview program in PC, can arrange instrument parameters, particle concentration continuous coverage can be realized simultaneously.Its interface shows pressure difference signal before and after the throttle orifice after single-chip microcomputer and the process of peripheral circuit plate, pulse signal 2 that photovoltaic element produces, throttle orifice front end and condenser pressure difference signal, condenser temperature signal, saturator temperature signal.Can condenser temperature be set simultaneously, and saturator temperature.When instrument condition of work does not conform to target, saturator and condenser temperature can be changed.Can capillary flow rate be obtained by pressure difference signal before and after calibrated throttle orifice and throttle orifice front end and condenser pressure difference signal, add that the pulse duration frequency signal that photovoltaic element produces can calculate particle number concentration in gas to be measured.
Specific works process:
Open pump 13, instrument total flow is regulated by the aperture of third trochanter flowmeter 18, standard-sized sheet under the first rotor flowmeter 12 default conditions, reduces sheath air circuit flow resistance, thus reduces kapillary 8 flow, improve apparatus measures upper limit of concentration.Regulate the first rotor flowmeter 12 and the second spinner-type flowmeter 16 aperture, ensure that dilution ratio is in OK range.Set saturator and condenser working temperature by PC, saturator 5 and condenser 6 surface are all wrapped with asbestos insulation material, reduce radiation loss, and ensure that saturator V and condenser temperature are as far as possible evenly.Reach after setting requirement until each temperature parameter, whether comparison two differential flowmeter parameter, in calibration curve scope, if rationally, then starts to measure.The pulse signal amplitude produced by photoelectricity from hundreds of mV to 2V not etc., need carry out amplification process and metrical pulse frequency on single-chip microcomputer and peripheral circuit plate thereof, obtains particle number concentration in sampling gas by pulsed frequency and capillary flow rate.That is, particle number concentration is determined by flow in kapillary.
Pick-up unit of the present utility model and normal temperature condensation nucleus corpuscular counter contrast, to evaluate its counting efficiency to monodisperse particle.Result shows, this instrument can with the above particulate solid of a hundred per cent efficiency counters 10nm.
The utility model can detect 10nm particle, breaks through traditional airborne particle counter Monitoring lower-cut.
The above, it is only preferred embodiment of the present utility model, be not restriction the utility model being done to other form, any those skilled in the art may utilize the technology contents of above-mentioned announcement to be changed or be modified as the Equivalent embodiments of equivalent variations.But everyly do not depart from technical solutions of the utility model content, any simple modification, equivalent variations and the remodeling done above embodiment according to technical spirit of the present utility model, still belong to the protection domain of technical solutions of the utility model.

Claims (10)

1. directly measure the pick-up unit of motor exhaust particle number concentration for one kind, it is characterized in that, comprise draft tube, kapillary, connecting pipe, saturator, condenser, intermediate connector, hybrid chamber, optical particle counter and diesel particulate filter, wherein, one end of described connecting pipe is inserted in described intermediate connector, at this end, described draft tube is socketed in this connecting pipe, described draft tube top connects described kapillary, this kapillary is inserted in described condenser, the other end of described connecting pipe is communicated with described saturator, described intermediate connector is communicated with described condenser, and be communicated with described saturator, the upper end of described condenser connects described hybrid chamber, described optical particle counter connects described hybrid chamber, described diesel particulate filter is arranged at the inside of described saturator.
2. pick-up unit as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the junction of described condenser and described hybrid chamber, and the junction of described condenser and described intermediate connector, is provided with heat-insulating shield.
3. pick-up unit as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, be provided with the first temperature sensor in described saturator, be provided with the second temperature sensor in described condenser.
4. pick-up unit as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, be provided with the first high efficiency particulate air filter and the first rotor flowmeter in described connecting pipe.
5. pick-up unit as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described pick-up unit also comprises escape pipe, and shown tracheae connects described optical particle counter, is provided with pump at the end of described escape pipe.
6. pick-up unit as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, described pick-up unit also comprises the second spinner-type flowmeter and the second high efficiency particulate air filter, and described second high efficiency particulate air filter connects described hybrid chamber, and described second spinner-type flowmeter connects described second high efficiency particulate air filter.
7. pick-up unit as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, on described escape pipe, before described pump, is provided with throttle orifice, third high effect filtrator and third trochanter flowmeter.
8. pick-up unit as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, the two ends of described throttle orifice are provided with the first differential pressure pickup, and the front end of described condenser and described throttle orifice is provided with the second differential pressure pickup, and the entrance of described condenser and described saturator is provided with the 3rd differential pressure pickup.
9., as the pick-up unit as described in arbitrary in claim 1-8, it is characterized in that, the outside surface of described saturator and described condenser is provided with insulation material.
10., as the pick-up unit as described in arbitrary in claim 9, it is characterized in that, described insulation material outside surface is coated with insulating material.
CN201520804887.XU 2015-10-16 2015-10-16 Detection apparatus for direct measurement engine exhaust particulate matter figure concentration Active CN205209930U (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105334146A (en) * 2015-10-16 2016-02-17 北京航空航天大学 Detection device used for direct measuring of engine tail gas particulate matter number concentration
CN107966391A (en) * 2017-11-23 2018-04-27 常熟理工学院 Diesel particulate trap arresting efficiency verification method and device under vehicle-mounted vibration condition
GB2583765A (en) * 2019-05-10 2020-11-11 Alphasense Ltd Filter unit for an opitcal particle counter
CN112649332A (en) * 2020-12-30 2021-04-13 东北电力大学 Power plant coal particle size distribution online detection device and method

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105334146A (en) * 2015-10-16 2016-02-17 北京航空航天大学 Detection device used for direct measuring of engine tail gas particulate matter number concentration
CN105334146B (en) * 2015-10-16 2018-01-12 华津航(武汉)科技有限公司 A kind of detection means of direct measurement motor exhaust particulate matter number concentration
CN107966391A (en) * 2017-11-23 2018-04-27 常熟理工学院 Diesel particulate trap arresting efficiency verification method and device under vehicle-mounted vibration condition
GB2583765A (en) * 2019-05-10 2020-11-11 Alphasense Ltd Filter unit for an opitcal particle counter
CN112649332A (en) * 2020-12-30 2021-04-13 东北电力大学 Power plant coal particle size distribution online detection device and method

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