CN106769724B - Particulate matter sensor calibration system - Google Patents
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- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 74
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
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- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
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Abstract
The invention relates to a calibration system of nano-scale and micro-scale particle sensors, which consists of a particle generator,Dilution mixing subsystem, experiment box and data acquisition analysis system, and can be used for PM 1.0 ，PM 2.5 ，PM 10 The particulate matter sensor is evaluated and calibrated. For particle sensors measuring different particle size ranges, generating polydisperse particles by adopting corresponding particle generators; during calibration, the sensors are symmetrically distributed in the experimental box body, and the rapid calibration of the particulate matter sensors is realized by adjusting different flow dilution ratios to dynamically adjust the concentration of the particulate matters, so that the calibration efficiency is improved; the measured values of the sensors are collected in real time through a data collection main board and uploaded to a server for storage analysis; the system is connected through the cutting sleeve and sealed by the rubber ring, so that the tightness of the pipeline is ensured; the experimental box body keeps the test environment of micro-positive pressure, so that the experimental environment is free from the influence of external environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental aerosols, and particularly relates to a calibration system of nano and micron particle sensors.
Background
The particulate matter sensor calibration system can be applied to the fields of calibration and performance evaluation of particulate matter sensors or particulate matter detectors. Emily G.Snyder et al (environ. Sci. Technology., 47:11369-11377,2013) believe that in the trend of high spatial and temporal resolution air quality monitoring modes, low cost particulate matter sensors will play a significant role, and how to calibrate such sensors to obtain reliable monitoring data is significant.
In the research of the particulate matter sensor calibration system at home and abroad at present, a particulate matter concentration detection device with higher precision is used as a reference instrument, and particulate matters with certain concentration are synchronously measured with an object to be measured so as to calibrate, wherein a long calibration period is a common problem, such as Wang Yang et al (Aerosol Sci. And Tech.,49:1063-1077,2015) and Rufus Edwards et al (J.air & Waste management. Assoc.,56:789-799,2006), which are used for evaluating several types of particulate matter sensors respectively, and the particulate matter concentration is changed by utilizing the natural sedimentation and loss modes of the particulate matters, wherein the former calibration needs about 2.5 hours.
Domestic few researches on particulate matter sensor calibration systems are carried out, and PM (particulate matter) is generally only carried out due to single aerosol generation technology 2.5 Calibration of sensors, e.g. multichannel PM according to Chinese patent invention 2.5 Monitor calibrationDevice (publication No. 103674796 a); and the Chinese patent invention discloses a particulate matter sensor calibration system (publication No. 204831977U) and an automatic calibration device (publication No. 105547948A) for on-line monitoring of dust concentration, wherein the aerosol is soot generated by combustion, the particulate matters are special, the application range is limited, and the independent aerosol generating device is absent, a calibration system is not formed, and the relative passive device is used.
In addition, the number of particle sensors that can be calibrated at one time by the existing particle sensor calibration system is very limited, for example, zohir Chordhury et al (J.Environ Monit.,9:1099-1106,2007) calibrate at most 19 normal-specification objects to be tested at one time, and the experimental device is large in size; the length of the novel direct-reading type dust concentration measuring instrument calibrating device (publication number 203798704U) experimental device of the Chinese invention patent is more than 4 meters, and the problem to be solved is to calibrate more sensors in a space as small as possible.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to quickly and comprehensively evaluate and calibrate a particle sensor, the invention provides a particle sensor calibration system comprising nano-sized and micro-sized particle generating devices, wherein generated particles are dried, diluted and mixed in the system and then introduced into an experimental box, and the sensor and a standard reference instrument synchronously measure the particles in the box and output measurement results time by time, so that the calibration of the particle sensor is realized. The particle size range of the particles generated by the system is large, the concentration can be dynamically adjusted, the operation is easy, and the system is suitable for the rapid calibration of the particle sensor.
The system comprises a nano particle calibration subsystem and a micro particle calibration subsystem, which are all composed of a particle generator, a dilution mixer, an experiment box body and a data acquisition and analysis system.
The calibration system of the nano particle sensor comprises a filter dehydrator 2, a first high-efficiency filter 3, a T-shaped tee joint 10, a nano particle generator 11, a first diffusion drying pipe 12, a first ball valve 13, a second high-efficiency filter 14, a second ball valve 15, a rotameter 4, a Y-shaped tee joint 16, a box cover plate 5, an experiment box 6, a second diffusion drying pipe 7, a cutting head 8 and a reference instrument 9; the two sides of the filtering dehydrator 2 are provided with openings, wherein an inlet is used for compressed air to enter, and an outlet is connected with an inlet of the first high-efficiency filter 3 through a clamping sleeve connector; the two sides of the first high-efficiency filter 3 are provided with openings, wherein an inlet is connected with an outlet of the filtering dehydrator 2, and the outlet is connected with a T-shaped tee joint 10; the T-shaped tee 10 is a stainless steel cutting sleeve, an inlet is connected with an outlet of the first high-efficiency filter 3, one path of the outlet is connected with the nano-particle generator 11 through the cutting sleeve, and the other path of the outlet is connected with the rotameter 4 through the cutting sleeve; the nano-particle generator 11 is provided with an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet is connected with one outlet of the T-shaped tee 10, and the outlet is connected with the first diffusion drying pipe 12 through a conductive black carbon pipe; the two sides of the first diffusion drying pipe 12 are provided with openings, wherein an inlet is connected with an outlet of the nano-particle generator 11, and an outlet is connected with an inlet of the bridge type diluter; the inlet of the bridge type diluter is divided into two paths through three paths, one path is a first ball valve 13 and a second efficient filter 14, the other path is a second ball valve 15, the outlet of the bridge type diluter is connected with the first port of the Y-shaped tee joint 16 through a conductive black carbon tube, and the bridge type diluter can realize the first-stage dilution of the concentration of particulate matters; the rotameter 4 has an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet is connected with the other outlet of the T-tee 10, and the outlet is connected with the second port of the Y-tee 16; the third port of the Y-shaped tee 16 is connected with the experiment box 6 through the box cover plate 5; the experiment box 6 is provided with an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet is connected with a third port of the Y-shaped tee joint 16 through a box cover plate 5, the outlet is connected with a second diffusion drying pipe 7 through a threading joint and a conductive black carbon pipe, one box partition plate bracket 6-1 is placed in the experiment box, a certain number of sensors 6-2 are symmetrically placed on the box partition plate bracket 6-1, and signal wires of all the sensors 6-2 are connected to a data acquisition main board 6-3; the second diffusion drying tube 7 has an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet is connected with the experiment box 6, and the outlet is connected with the cutting head 8; the cutting head 8 has an inlet connected to the outlet of the second diffusion drying tube 7 and an outlet connected to the inlet of the reference instrument 9; the particulate matter concentration is dynamically displayed and recorded with reference to instrument 9.
Preferably, the filtering dehydrator 2 carries out classified coarse filtration and dehydration treatment on the particulate matters; the first efficient filter 3 is used for efficiently filtering the particulate matters to obtain dry clean compressed air; the particles generated by the nano particle generator 11 are dried by the first diffusion drying pipe 12 to obtain nano-sized particles with higher concentration; the bridge diluter realizes the first-stage dilution of the concentration of the particulate matters; the Y-shaped tee 16 achieves a second stage dilution of the particulate concentration; the cutting head 8 uses the principle of mechanical impact to remove particulate matter above a known particle size.
Preferably, the solute in the nanoparticle generator 11 is typically a solution of a fixed concentration of NaCl and high purity water.
Preferably, the adjustment range of the rotameter is 2 L.min < -1 > to 30 L.min < -1 >.
Preferably, the experimental box body 6 is made of stainless steel, and the gas path parts related to the particles are composed of stainless steel joints and conductive black carbon tubes, so that the gas path loss and the wall loss of the particles are reduced; the experiment box 6 is the micro-positive pressure environment to prevent external particulate matters from entering the experiment box 6, guarantee the reliability of system operation.
Preferably, the air path resistance distribution ratio can be adjusted by adjusting the opening degrees of the first ball valve 13 and the second ball valve 15, thereby adjusting the dilution ratio.
A calibration system for a micron particle sensor, which comprises a filter dehydrator 2, a first high-efficiency filter 3, a rotameter 4, an ultrasonic atomizer 18, a mixer 19, a precision injector 20, an injector controller 21, an ultrasonic energy meter 22, a mixing drying channel 23, a box cover plate 5, an experiment box 6, a second diffusion drying pipe 7, a cutting head 8 and a reference instrument 9; the two sides of the filtering dehydrator 2 are provided with openings, wherein an inlet is used for compressed air to enter, and an outlet is connected with an inlet of the silica gel drying pipe 17 through a clamping sleeve joint; the two sides of the silica gel drying pipe 17 are provided with openings, wherein an inlet is connected with an outlet of the filtering dehydrator 2, and the outlet is connected with the first high-efficiency filter 3; the two sides of the first high-efficiency filter 3 are provided with openings, wherein an inlet is connected with an outlet of the silica gel drying pipe 17, and the outlet is connected with the rotameter 4; the rotameter 4 has an inlet connected to the outlet of the first high efficiency filter 3 and an outlet connected to the mixer 19; the mixer 19 has a sheath gas inlet connected to the outlet of the rotameter 4, an aerosol inlet connected to the ultrasonic atomizer 18 in the form of an O-ring seal; the outlet of the mixer 19 is connected with a mixing drying channel 23, the mixing drying channel has a design of narrow upper part and wide lower part, and the lower end of the mixing drying channel 23 is connected with the experiment box 6 through a box cover plate 5; the experiment box body 6 is provided with an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet is connected with a third port of the Y-shaped tee joint 16 through a box cover plate 5, one part of the outlet is connected with the second diffusion drying pipe 7 through a penetrating joint and a conductive black carbon pipe, the other part of redundant gas is discharged through an exhaust small hole at the lower part of the experiment box body, one box body partition plate bracket 6-1 is placed in the experiment box body, a certain number of sensors 6-2 are symmetrically placed on the box body partition plate bracket 6-1, and signal wires of all the sensors 6-2 are connected to the data acquisition main board 6-3; the second diffusion drying tube 7 has an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet is connected with the experiment box 6, and the outlet is connected with the cutting head 8; the cutting head 8 has an inlet connected to the outlet of the second diffusion drying tube 7 and an outlet connected to the inlet of the reference instrument 9; the particulate matter concentration is dynamically displayed and recorded with reference to instrument 9.
Preferably, the filtering dehydrator 2 carries out classified coarse filtration and dehydration treatment on the particulate matters; the silica gel drying tube 17 re-dries the particulate matter, ensuring that the outlet is a dry carrier gas free of particulate matter.
Preferably, the solution of the ultrasonic atomizer 18 is regulated by a precision injector 20 and an injector controller 21, the injection flow rate can be precisely regulated by an interface, the energy supply of the ultrasonic atomizer 18 is provided by an ultrasonic energy meter 22, and the power is set to be 1W generally.
A method for calibrating a sensor using a calibration system, comprising the steps of,
1. symmetrically placing the sensors 6-2 on a box partition plate bracket 6-1, connecting each sensor data line to a data acquisition main board 6-3, wherein the data acquisition main board is positioned in the middle of the box partition plate bracket 6-1, connecting a serial communication interface of the data acquisition main board to a computer, switching on a power supply of the data acquisition main board, and checking whether the actually measured data of the atmospheric particulate matters are normal or not under the current experimental conditions;
2. closing the experiment box 6, introducing dry clean air into the experiment box 6, firstly, carrying out zero clearing calibration on the sensor 6-2, secondly, evacuating air particulate matters in the experiment box, ensuring that no other particulate matters in the box affect subsequent experiment data, thirdly, ensuring that the humidity in the box reaches a stable dry level, simultaneously ensuring that the large ambient temperature outside the box has no large fluctuation as much as possible in the experiment process, ensuring that conditions such as zero clearing is finished, the temperature and humidity reach a stable level, and starting to generate the particulate matters;
3. introducing particles into the experiment box 6, wherein the concentration of the particles rises sharply, when the concentration of the box reaches the upper limit of measurement of the sensor 6-2, gradually increasing the dilution ratio to gradually reduce the concentration of the particles in the experiment box 6, and comparing the measurement data of the reference instrument and the measured sensor; the particulate generator may be turned off when the particulate concentration drops to approximately zero;
4. increasing sheath air flow, and resetting the sensor 6-2 to ensure zero repeatability;
5. and analyzing the data acquired by the computer end to give a calibration result.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and outstanding effects: has nanometer and micrometer particle generator for PM 1.0 ，PM 2.5 ，PM 10 The particulate matter sensor is evaluated and calibrated; for particle sensors measuring different particle size ranges, generating polydisperse particles by adopting corresponding particle generators; during calibration, the sensors are symmetrically distributed in the experimental box body, and the rapid calibration of the experimental particulate matter sensor is carried out by adjusting different flow dilution ratios to dynamically adjust the concentration of particulate matters, so that the calibration efficiency is improved; the measured values of the sensors are collected in real time through a data collection main board and uploaded to a server for storage analysis; in addition, the system is flexible and convenient to operate, and coarse adjustment and fine adjustment of the concentration of the particulate matters can be realized by changing the opening degrees of different ball valves; the system adopts cutting ferrule connection in each pipeline connection, and the junction of the experimental box body and the mixing device adopts a rubber ring for sealingThe tightness of the pipeline is ensured; the experimental box body keeps the test environment of micro-positive pressure, so that the experimental environment is free from the influence of external environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a particulate matter sensor calibration system including a nanoparticle generation device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a particulate matter sensor calibration system including a particulate matter generating device according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of an experimental box of the particulate matter sensor calibration system of the present invention;
description of the reference numerals: the device comprises the following components of a 1-compressed air, a 2-filtration dehydrator, a 3-first high-efficiency filter, a 4-rotameter, a 5-box cover plate, a 6-experiment box, a 6-1-box partition bracket, a 6-2-sensor, a 6-3-data acquisition main board, a 6-4-, a 7-second diffusion drying pipe, an 8-cutting head, a 9-reference instrument, a 10-T-shaped tee joint, a 11-nano particle generator, a 12-first diffusion drying pipe, a 13-first ball valve, a 14-second high-efficiency filter, a 15-second ball valve, a 16-Y-shaped tee joint, a 17-silica gel drying pipe, an 18-ultrasonic atomizer, a 19-mixer, a 20-precision injector, a 21-injector controller, a 22-ultrasonic energy meter and a 23-mixing drying channel.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention become more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. The described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention. Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a particulate matter sensor calibration system including a nanoparticle generation device includes a filter dehydrator 2, a first high-efficiency filter 3, a t-shaped tee 10, a nanoparticle generator 11, a first diffusion drying pipe 12, a first ball valve 13, a second high-efficiency filter 14, a second ball valve 15, a rotameter 4, a y-shaped tee 16, a box cover 5, an experiment box 6, a second diffusion drying pipe 7, a cutting head 8 and a reference instrument 9. Wherein,,
the two sides of the filtering dehydrator 2 are provided with openings, wherein an inlet is used for compressed air to enter, an outlet is connected with an inlet of the first high-efficiency filter 3 through a 3/8 inch clamping sleeve connector, and the filtering dehydrator 2 can carry out classified coarse filtering and dehydration treatment on particulate matters.
The two sides of the first high-efficiency filter 3 are provided with openings, wherein an inlet is connected with an outlet of the filtering dehydrator 2, the outlet is 1/4 inch in size and is connected with a T-shaped tee joint 10, and the first high-efficiency filter 3 can be used for efficiently filtering particulate matters. T-shaped tee 10 is a 1/4 inch stainless steel cutting ferrule, the inlet is connected with the outlet of first high-efficiency filter 3, one path of the outlet is connected with nano-particle generator 11 through a 1/4 inch nylon cutting ferrule, and the other path is connected with rotameter 4 through a Teflon tube.
The nanoparticle generator 11 has an inlet connected to one outlet of the T-tee 10 and an outlet connected to the first diffusion drying tube 12 through a conductive black carbon tube having an inner diameter of 3/8 inch. The solution in the nanoparticle generator 11 is usually prepared from NaCl and high-purity water at a fixed concentration.
The path of the T-shaped tee 10 connected with the nano-particle generator 11 through the filtering dehydrator 2 and the first high-efficiency filter 3 is a carrier gas path.
The two sides of the first diffusion drying pipe 12 are provided with openings, wherein an inlet is connected with an outlet of the nano-particle generator 11, an outlet is connected with an inlet of the bridge type diluter, and the nano-particle with higher concentration is obtained after drying.
The inlet of the bridge type diluter is divided into two paths through three paths, one path is a first ball valve 13 and a second high-efficiency filter 14, the other path is a second ball valve 15, and the outlet of the bridge type diluter is connected with the first port of the Y-shaped tee joint 16 through a conductive black carbon tube. The bridge diluter may achieve a first stage dilution of particulate matter concentration.
The aerosol gas path passes through the nano-particle generator 11, the first diffusion drying pipe 12, the first ball valve 13, the second high-efficiency filter 14 and the second ball valve 15.
Rotameter 4 has an inlet connected to the other outlet of tee 10 and an outlet connected to the second port of tee 16. The adjustment range of the rotameter 4 is 2 L.min < -1 > to 30 L.min < -1 >.
The sheath gas path passes through the rotameter 4.
The third port of the Y-shaped tee 16 is connected with the experimental box 6 through the box cover plate 5, and the Y-shaped tee 16 starts to dilute the concentration of the particulate matters for the second stage.
The diameter of the box cover plate 5 is 100mm, and the interface between the experimental box 6 and the Y-shaped tee 16 is converted into a 3/8 inch interface through a sealing rubber gasket.
The experimental box 6 has an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet is connected with a third port of the Y-shaped tee 16 through the box cover plate 5, and the outlet is connected with the second diffusion drying pipe 7 through a threading joint and a conductive black carbon pipe. The size of the experimental box body 6 is 60 x 70cm, one box body partition board bracket 6-1 is placed at a position 25cm away from the bottom, a certain number of sensors 6-2 are symmetrically placed on the box body partition board bracket 6-1, and signal wires of all the sensors 6-2 are connected to the data acquisition main board 6-3. The experimental box body 6 is made of stainless steel, and the air passage part related to the particles is composed of a stainless steel joint and a conductive black carbon tube, so that the air passage loss and the wall loss of the particles are reduced. The experiment box 6 is the micro-positive pressure environment to prevent external particulate matters from entering the experiment box 6, guarantee the reliability of system operation.
The second diffusion drying tube 7 has an inlet connected to the experimental box 6 and an outlet connected to the cutting head 8.
The cutting head 8 has an inlet connected to the outlet of the second diffusion drying duct 7 and an outlet connected to the inlet of the reference instrument 9. The cutting head 8 uses the principle of mechanical impact to remove particulate matter above a known particle size.
The reference instrument 9 is an instrument which has high measurement precision and good stability and can dynamically display and record the concentration of the particulate matters in real time.
The operation of the calibration system is as follows.
The carrier gas is connected with the inlet of the nano particle generator 11, negative pressure is generated by accelerating air flow through the small holes, the solution arranged in the nano particle generator 11 is sucked through the thin tubes, the sucked solution is impacted and crushed by high-speed air flow to obtain dispersed small liquid drops, the dispersed small liquid drops are sprayed out along with the carrier gas through the outlet of the nano particle generator 11 and then flow through the first diffusion drying pipe 12, the first diffusion drying pipe 12 is a hollow stainless steel wire net channel, and the generated particles are subjected to diffusion, moisture absorption and drying through the peripheral color-changing silica gel, so that the dried nano-scale particles are obtained.
The compressed air 1 is subjected to graded coarse filtration and water removal treatment through a filtering water remover 2, is subjected to high-efficiency filtration through a first high-efficiency filter 3, and the obtained dry clean compressed air enters a carrier gas path and a sheath gas path respectively after passing through a T-shaped tee joint 10. The air pressure of the compressed air 1 is adjustable, and is in the range of 2-4 atmospheres, and is generally set to 2 atmospheres.
The carrier gas is connected with the inlet of the nano particle generator 11, negative pressure is generated by accelerating air flow through the shrinkage small holes, the solution arranged in the nano particle generator 11 is sucked through the tubules, the sucked solution is impacted and crushed by high-speed air flow to obtain dispersed small liquid drops, the dispersed small liquid drops flow through the first diffusion drying pipe 12 after being sprayed out along with the carrier gas through the outlet of the nano particle generator 11, the first diffusion drying pipe 12 is a hollow stainless steel wire net channel, and the generated particles are subjected to diffusion, moisture absorption and drying through peripheral color-changing silica gel, so that the dried nano-scale particles are obtained.
The number concentration of the particles generated by the nanoparticle generator 11 is generally high, and the first stage dilution of the nanoparticles is required by the bridge diluter. The bridge diluter consists of two paths of air flows, wherein the first path of air flows through a first ball valve 13 and a second high-efficiency filter 14, particles are changed into clean and particle-free dilution air, and the second path of air flows through a second ball valve 15. By adjusting the opening of the first ball valve 13 and the second ball valve 15, the air path resistance distribution ratio can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the dilution ratio.
The second-stage dilution is obtained by diluting and mixing the particles output by the Y-shaped tee joint 16 and the bridge type diluter through a sheath gas path of the rotameter 4, and the diluted particles are injected into the experiment box 6 through the box cover plate 5.
As shown in fig. 3, the outside of the box body partition board bracket 6-1 is in a quadrilateral structure and is placed at a fixed height from the bottom of the experimental box body 6, so as to play a role of horizontal support; the inside is in an octagonal structure and is used for installing the sensors 6-2 and the data acquisition main board 6-3, and the octagonal structure ensures the equality and the position independence among all the sensors 6-2 as much as possible. Typically, the sensors 6-2 are arranged on an octagonal outer edge support plate, 4 sensors of a common size are placed on each side of the market, so that 32 sensors 6-2 can be measured at a time. The data acquisition main board 6-3 is arranged in the octagonal inner area, so that the data communication connection of the sensor 6-2 is facilitated, and the distribution flow of particulate matters and airflow is uniform. Connecting the signal of each sensor 6-2 to a data acquisition main board 6-3 for data acquisition, wherein the data acquisition interval is about 1 second; meanwhile, a temperature and humidity sensor is arranged on the data acquisition main board 6-3, so that the temperature and humidity in the box body can be monitored in real time; after comprehensively processing all acquired information, the data acquisition main board 6-3 sends the information to an external computer host through an RS232C serial communication interface to perform curve display, data storage and calibration analysis.
Partial air flow is led out of the experiment box 6 from the box by a conductive black carbon tube, and enters a reference instrument 9 with a cutting head 8 through a second diffusion drying tube 7, so that synchronous measurement of the reference instrument 9 and a particle sensor 6-2 to be measured is realized; and the redundant gas in the experiment box body is discharged through the small exhaust hole at the bottom of the box body.
In the nanoparticle calibration subsystem, since the median particle size of the particles generated by the nanoparticle generator 11 is generally between 40 and 100nm, the maximum particle size is slightly less than 2.5um, and is very suitable for PM 1.0 、PM 2.5 Calibrating a sensor; meanwhile, by preparing solutions with different solutes, the particle sensor can be studiedResponse to particulate matter of different chemical species; the concentration of the particles generated by the nano particle generator 11 is high, the flow is 4-6 liters/min, after primary dilution by the bridge diluter, secondary dilution is carried out by the rotameter 4 and the Y-shaped tee joint 16, the set flow of the rotameter 4 is usually 15-30 liters/min, and the flow of the particle carrier gas is increased while the concentration of the particles is diluted, so that the concentration adjusting time of the particles in the experimental box 6 is shortened.
As shown in fig. 2, a particulate matter sensor calibration system including a micro particulate matter generating device includes a filter water trap 2, a first high efficiency filter 3, a rotameter 4, an ultrasonic atomizer 18, a mixer 19, a precision injector 20, an injector controller 21, an ultrasonic energy meter 22, a mixing drying passage 23, a housing cover 5, a test housing 6, a second diffusion drying tube 7, a cutting head 8, and a reference instrument 9. Wherein,,
the two sides of the filtering dehydrator 2 are provided with openings, wherein an inlet is used for compressed air to enter, an outlet is connected with an inlet of a silica gel drying pipe 17 through a 3/8 inch clamping sleeve connector, and the filtering dehydrator 2 can carry out classified coarse filtering and dehydration treatment on particulate matters.
The two sides of the silica gel drying pipe 17 are both provided with openings, wherein an inlet is connected with an outlet of the filtering dehydrator 2, the outlet is connected with the first high-efficiency filter 3, the silica gel drying pipe 17 dries the particulate matters again, and the outlet is ensured to be a drying carrier gas without the particulate matters.
The first high-efficiency filter 3 is provided with openings on both sides, wherein an inlet is connected with an outlet of the silica gel drying tube 17, and an outlet is connected with the rotameter 4.
The rotameter 4 has an inlet connected to the outlet of the first high efficiency filter 3 and an outlet connected to the mixer 19. The regulating range of the rotameter is 2 L.min < -1 > to 30 L.min < -1 >.
The mixer 19 has a sheath gas inlet and an aerosol inlet. Wherein the sheath gas inlet is connected to the outlet of the rotameter 4 and the aerosol inlet is connected to the ultrasonic atomizer 18 in the form of an O-ring seal.
The mixing and drying channel 23 has an inlet and an outlet, has a design of narrow upper part and wide lower part, the upper end inlet is connected with the mixer 19, and the lower end outlet is connected with the experiment box 6 through the box cover plate 5.
The solution of the ultrasonic atomizer 18 is regulated by a precision injector 20 and an injector controller 21, the injection flow rate can be precisely adjusted by an interface, and the energy supply of the ultrasonic atomizer 18 is provided by an ultrasonic energy meter 22, and the power is set to be 1W.
The arrangement, connection and function of the experimental box 6 and the reference instrument 9 are the same as those of the particle sensor calibration system including the nanoparticle generating device, and will not be described herein.
The operation of the calibration system is as follows.
The principle of the micron-sized particle generator is that the solution of a solute is dispersed into fine water mist by utilizing the energy of ultrasonic vibration, and after the solution is dried by sheath gas, the solvent on the surface of liquid drops is evaporated, so that polydisperse particles with stable specific particle size distribution are formed.
The compressed air 1 is firstly subjected to graded rough filtration and water removal treatment through a filtration dehydrator 2, then is subjected to secondary drying through a silica gel drying pipe 17, ensures that the compressed air 1 has enough dryness, is subjected to efficient filtration through a first efficient filter 3, and is connected with a sheath gas inlet of a mixer 19 after the sheath gas flow is controlled through a rotameter 4. The aerosol inlet of the mixer 19 is connected with the ultrasonic atomizer 18, the solution of the ultrasonic atomizer 18 is regulated and controlled by the precise injector 20 and the injector controller 21, and the injection flow can be precisely regulated through an interface. The energy supply to the ultrasonic atomizer 18 is provided by an ultrasonic energy meter 22, typically at a power setting of 1W.
The mixing caliber of the mixer 19 is gradually reduced, so that the sheath gas is accelerated to form turbulence at the necking position, and the mixing is more sufficient; meanwhile, the mixing drying channel 23 with narrow upper part and wide lower part can prolong the residence time of liquid drops, so that the particles are sufficiently dried, the surrounding air inlet mode of the sheath gas can protect the particles, and the wall collision loss of the particles is reduced.
The experimental box 6, the second diffusion drying tube 7, the cutting head 8 and the reference instrument 9 are partially identical to the particulate matter sensor calibration system including the nano particulate matter generating device.
The operation process of the calibration experiment is simple, the whole process is approximately 1 hour, and the operation process can be basically divided into five steps:
1. symmetrically placing the sensors 6-2 on a box partition plate bracket 6-1, connecting each sensor data line to a data acquisition main board 6-3, wherein the data acquisition main board is positioned in the middle of the box partition plate bracket 6-1, connecting a serial communication interface of the data acquisition main board to a computer, switching on a power supply of the data acquisition main board, and checking whether the actually measured data of the atmospheric particulate matters are normal or not under the current experimental conditions;
2. closing the experiment box 6, introducing dry clean air into the experiment box 6, firstly, carrying out zero clearing calibration on the sensor 6-2, secondly, evacuating air particulate matters in the experiment box, ensuring that no other particulate matters in the box affect subsequent experiment data, thirdly, ensuring that the humidity in the box reaches a stable dry level, simultaneously ensuring that the large ambient temperature outside the box has no large fluctuation as much as possible in the experiment process, ensuring that conditions such as zero clearing is finished, the temperature and humidity reach a stable level, and starting to generate the particulate matters;
3. introducing particles into the experiment box 6, wherein the concentration of the particles rises sharply, when the concentration of the box reaches the upper limit of measurement of the sensor 6-2, gradually increasing the dilution ratio to gradually reduce the concentration of the particles in the experiment box 6, and comparing the measurement data of the reference instrument and the measured sensor; the particulate generator may be turned off when the particulate concentration drops to approximately zero;
4. increasing sheath air flow, and resetting the sensor 6-2 to ensure zero repeatability;
5. and analyzing the data acquired by the computer end to give a calibration result.
Finally, it should be pointed out that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting. Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. The utility model provides a nanoscale particulate matter sensor calibration system, includes filtration dehydrator (2), first high-efficient filter (3), T type tee bend (10), nanoparticle matter generator (11), first diffusion drying tube (12), first ball valve (13), second high-efficient filter (14), second ball valve (15), rotameter (4), Y type tee bend (16), box apron (5), experiment box (6), second diffusion drying tube (7), cutting head (8) and reference instrument (9); it is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of,
openings are formed in two sides of the filtering dehydrator (2), wherein an inlet is used for compressed air (1) to enter, and an outlet is connected with an inlet of the first efficient filter (3) through a clamping sleeve connector;
openings are formed in two sides of the first high-efficiency filter (3), wherein an inlet is connected with an outlet of the filtering dehydrator (2), and the outlet is connected with a T-shaped tee joint (10);
the T-shaped tee joint (10) is a stainless steel cutting sleeve, an inlet is connected with an outlet of the first efficient filter (3), one path of the outlet is connected with the nano-particle generator (11) through the cutting sleeve, and the other path of the outlet is connected with the rotameter (4) through the cutting sleeve;
the nano-particle generator (11) is provided with an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet is connected with one outlet of the T-shaped tee joint (10), and the outlet is connected with the first diffusion drying pipe (12) through a conductive black carbon pipe;
the two sides of the first diffusion drying pipe (12) are provided with openings, wherein an inlet is connected with an outlet of the nano-particle generator (11), and the outlet is connected with an inlet of the bridge type diluter;
the inlet of the bridge type diluter is divided into two paths through three paths, one path is a first ball valve (13) and a second efficient filter (14), the other path is a second ball valve (15), the outlet of the bridge type diluter is connected with a first port of a Y-shaped tee joint (16) through a conductive black carbon tube, and the bridge type diluter is used for realizing the first-stage dilution of the concentration of particulate matters;
the rotameter (4) is provided with an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet is connected with the other outlet of the T-shaped tee joint (10), the outlet is connected with the second port of the Y-shaped tee joint (16), and a sheath gas path passes through the rotameter (4);
the third port of the Y-shaped tee joint (16) is connected with the experiment box body (6) through the box body cover plate (5);
the experimental box body (6) is provided with an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet is connected with a third port of the Y-shaped tee joint (16) through a box cover plate (5), the outlet is divided into two parts, one part is connected with a second diffusion drying pipe (7) through a threading joint and a conductive black carbon pipe, the other part of redundant gas flow flows out through an exhaust small hole at the lower part of the experimental box body, a box baffle bracket (6-1) is placed in the experimental box body, a certain number of sensors (6-2) are symmetrically placed on the box baffle bracket (6-1), and signal wires of all the sensors (6-2) are connected to a data acquisition main board (6-3);
the second diffusion drying pipe (7) is provided with an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet is connected with the experiment box body (6), and the outlet is connected with the cutting head (8);
the cutting head (8) has an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet is connected with the outlet of the second diffusion drying tube (7), and the outlet is connected with the inlet of the reference instrument (9);
the reference instrument (9) dynamically displays and records the concentration of particulate matter.
2. Calibration system according to claim 1, characterized in that the filter water trap (2) performs a graded coarse filtration and water removal treatment of particulate matter; the first efficient filter (3) is used for efficiently filtering the particulate matters to obtain dry clean compressed air; the particles generated by the nano particle generator (11) are dried by a first diffusion drying pipe (12) to obtain nano-sized particles with higher concentration; the bridge diluter realizes the first-stage dilution of the concentration of the particulate matters; the Y-shaped tee joint (16) realizes the second-stage dilution of the concentration of the particulate matters; the cutting head (8) adopts the principle of mechanical impact to remove the particles above the known particle size.
3. Calibration system according to claim 1, characterized in that the solute in the nanoparticle generator (11) is a solution of a fixed concentration prepared from NaCl and high purity water.
4. The calibration system according to claim 1, characterized in that the adjustment range of the rotameter (4) is 2L-min "1 to 30L-min" 1.
5. The calibration system according to claim 1, characterized in that the experimental box (6) is made of stainless steel, and the gas path parts related to the particles are composed of stainless steel joints or conductive black carbon tubes, so as to reduce gas path loss and wall loss of the particles; the experiment box body (6) is in a micro-positive pressure environment, so that external particles are prevented from entering the experiment box body (6), and the working reliability of the system is ensured.
6. The calibration system of claim 1, wherein the dilution ratio is adjusted by adjusting the opening of the first ball valve (13) and the second ball valve (15) to adjust the gas path resistance distribution ratio.
7. The utility model provides a micron-sized particulate matter sensor calibration system, includes filtration dehydrator (2), silica gel drying tube (17), first high-efficient filter (3), rotameter (4), ultrasonic atomizer (18), blender (19), precision injector (20), injector controller (21), ultrasonic energy meter (22), mix dry passageway (23), box apron (5), experiment box (6), second diffusion drying tube (7), cutting head (8) and reference instrument (9); it is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of,
openings are formed in two sides of the filtering dehydrator (2), wherein an inlet is used for compressed air (1) to enter, and an outlet is connected with an inlet of a silica gel drying pipe (17) through a clamping sleeve joint;
the two sides of the silica gel drying pipe (17) are provided with openings, wherein an inlet is connected with an outlet of the filtering dehydrator (2), and the outlet is connected with the first high-efficiency filter (3);
openings are formed in two sides of the first high-efficiency filter (3), wherein an inlet is connected with an outlet of the silica gel drying pipe (17), and the outlet is connected with the rotameter (4);
the rotameter (4) has an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet is connected with the outlet of the first high efficiency filter (3) and the outlet is connected with the mixer (19);
the mixer (19) is provided with a sheath gas inlet and an aerosol inlet, wherein the sheath gas inlet is connected with the outlet of the rotameter (4), and the aerosol inlet is connected with the ultrasonic atomizer (18) in a form of O-ring seal;
the mixing drying channel (23) is provided with an upper end inlet and a lower end outlet, the upper end inlet is connected with the mixer (19), and the lower end outlet is connected with the experiment box (6) through the box cover plate (5);
the experimental box body (6) is provided with an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet is connected with the outlet of the mixing drying channel (23) through a box cover plate (5), the outlet is divided into two parts, one part is connected with a second diffusion drying pipe (7) through a threading connector and a conductive black carbon pipe, the other part of redundant gas is discharged through an exhaust small hole below the experimental box body, a box baffle bracket (6-1) is arranged in the experimental box body, a certain number of sensors (6-2) are symmetrically arranged on the box baffle bracket (6-1), and signal wires of all the sensors (6-2) are connected to a data acquisition main board (6-3);
the second diffusion drying pipe (7) is provided with an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet is connected with the experiment box body (6), and the outlet is connected with the cutting head (8);
the cutting head (8) has an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet is connected with the outlet of the second diffusion drying tube (7), and the outlet is connected with the inlet of the reference instrument (9);
dynamically displaying and recording the concentration of the particles by a reference instrument (9);
the solution of the ultrasonic atomizer (18) is regulated by a precision injector (20) and an injector controller (21), and the energy supply of the ultrasonic atomizer (18) is provided by an ultrasonic energy meter (22).
8. Calibration system according to claim 7, characterized in that the filter water trap (2) performs a graded coarse filtration and water removal treatment of the particulate matter; the silica gel drying pipe (17) is used for drying the particles again, so that the outlet is ensured to be a drying carrier gas without the particles.
9. The calibration system according to claim 1 or claim 7, wherein the data acquisition main board (6-3) has a shape similar to the shape of the sensor arrangement, and is arranged at the central position of the box partition support (6-1), so that the sensor (6-2) and the data acquisition main board (6-3) are conveniently connected by a physical interface, and the influence of the main board on the calibration process of the particulate matter sensor is ensured to be minimum.
10. The calibration system according to claim 1 or claim 7, wherein a temperature and humidity sensor is mounted on the data acquisition main board (6-3) to measure the temperature and humidity conditions in the experimental box, so as to ensure that the calibration process is in a certain stable temperature and humidity condition.
11. A method for calibrating a sensor using the calibration system according to claim 1 or 7, comprising the steps of,
1. symmetrically placing sensors (6-2) on a box partition plate support (6-1), connecting each sensor data line to a data acquisition main board (6-3), wherein the data acquisition main board is positioned in the middle of the box partition plate support (6-1), connecting a serial communication interface of the data acquisition main board to a computer, switching on a power supply of the data acquisition main board, and checking whether the actually measured data of the atmospheric particulate matters are normal or not under the current experimental conditions;
2. closing an experiment box body (6), introducing dry clean air into the experiment box body (6), carrying out zero clearing calibration on a sensor (6-2), evacuating air particulate matters in the experiment box body, ensuring that no other particulate matters in the box body affect subsequent experiment data, ensuring that the humidity in the box body reaches a stable drying level, simultaneously ensuring that the large ambient temperature outside the box body has no large fluctuation as much as possible in the experiment process, and starting to generate the particulate matters when the zero clearing is finished and the temperature and humidity conditions reach the stable level;
3. introducing particles into the experiment box (6), wherein the concentration of the particles rises sharply, when the concentration of the box reaches the upper limit of measurement of the sensor (6-2), gradually increasing the dilution ratio to gradually reduce the concentration of the particles in the experiment box (6), and comparing the measurement data of the reference instrument (9) and the measured sensor (6-2); when the concentration of the particulate matter is reduced to be close to zero, the particulate matter generator is turned off;
4. increasing sheath air flow, and resetting the sensor (6-2) to ensure zero repeatability;
5. and analyzing the data acquired by the computer end to give a calibration result.
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| CN108760415B (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2023-11-24 | 北京大学 | Multi-particle-size-section automatic switching atmospheric particulate sampling device and automatic sampling method |
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