CN205207648U - Sensor system - Google Patents

Abstract

A sensor system for sensing the neutral position and the reverse position of a transmission shift shaft; the sensor system includes a sensor and a magnet device, and the magnet device is arranged on the shift shaft of the transmission and is a neutral magnet and a reverse magnet; the neutral magnet The magnetic field signals corresponding to the neutral position and the reverse position of the shift shaft are respectively generated by the reverse magnet and the reverse magnet; the magnetic field signal of the neutral position and the magnetic field signal of the reverse position have the opposite distribution direction; the sensor includes a neutral sensing circuit and a reverse sensing circuit The circuits are respectively equipped with inductive elements, and the inductive elements sense the magnetic field signals of the movement of the neutral gear magnet and the reverse gear magnet, and generate signals reflecting the neutral gear position and the reverse gear position respectively. The sensor system of the utility model adopts a plurality of switch Hall induction elements as sensing elements, and independently senses the movement of two magnet devices. The two magnets with small magnetism and opposite magnetic field directions are in a T-shaped layout, which meets the sensing requirements. In addition, it also reduces the interference of the magnet device to other electronic devices.

Description

a sensor system

technical field

The utility model relates to the field of automobile control, in particular to a neutral gear/reverse gear position sensor based on a Hall switch sensor.

Background technique

At present, position sensors have been widely used in various industrial fields, such as automobile control systems. In the start-stop system, it is necessary to judge the neutral position and the reverse position to make the ECU (Electronic Control Unit, also known as "driving computer", "vehicle computer", etc.) Or reverse, so a related neutral/reverse position sensor is required. These sensors are installed on the gearbox, and will sense the magnet installed on the shaft of the shift shaft, and the magnet will be driven by the rotation of the shift shaft when entering gear and the linear (or rotating) movement when selecting gear, so that the sensor senses Measure gear.

In the prior art, a whole magnet is often arranged on the shift shaft to reflect the movement of the shift shaft, and the sensor mostly uses a 3D Hall sensor to sense the magnet. When a whole piece of magnet is used, the magnet itself needs to be highly magnetic to cover all the gears of the shift shaft, but this strong magnet will have an impact on other peripheral electrical components.

Contents of the invention

The utility model intends to solve the above technical problems, and provides a sensor system that uses a switch Hall as an inductive element and uses two magnets as a magnet device. The specific technical scheme is as follows:

A sensor system for sensing the neutral position and the reverse gear position of a shift shaft of a transmission; the sensor system includes a sensor and a magnet device, and the magnet device is arranged on the shift shaft of the transmission;

The magnet device is a neutral magnet and a reverse magnet; the neutral magnet generates a magnetic field signal corresponding to the neutral position of the shift shaft, and the reverse magnet generates a magnetic field signal corresponding to the reverse position of the shift shaft; the neutral position The magnetic field signal of the reverse gear position has an opposite distribution direction to the magnetic field signal of the reverse gear position;

The sensors include:

A neutral sensing circuit, wherein an induction element is provided, and the induction element senses the magnetic field signal of the movement of the neutral magnet to generate a signal reflecting the neutral position;

The reverse gear sensing circuit is provided with an inductive element, the inductive element senses the magnetic field signal of the reverse gear magnet movement, and generates a signal reflecting the reverse gear position.

As in the aforementioned sensor system, the neutral magnet is arranged along the axis of the shift shaft, and the reverse magnet is arranged transversely along the axis of the shift shaft.

As in the aforementioned sensor system, the neutral magnet and the reverse magnet are elongated.

As in the aforementioned sensor system, the width of the neutral magnet is 3-7mm, especially 3-5mm or 4-6mm.

As in the aforementioned sensor system, the width of the neutral magnet may specifically be 3mm, 3.5mm, 4mm, 4.5mm or 5mm.

As in the aforementioned sensor system, the neutral magnet and the reverse magnet are spaced apart.

A sensor system as hereinbefore described, further comprising a magnet bracket;

The neutral gear magnet and the reverse gear magnet are fixedly arranged on the magnet bracket to form an integral piece.

As in the sensor system mentioned above, the neutral sensing circuit has two circuits, and each neutral sensing circuit is provided with a sensing element, and the two sensing elements synchronously sense the movement of the neutral magnet and generate two signals respectively , one of the signals is the neutral position signal, and the other signal is the redundant signal of the neutral position;

The reverse gear sensing circuit has two circuits, and each reverse gear sensing circuit is provided with an inductive element, and the two inductive elements synchronously sense the movement of the reverse gear magnet, and generate two signals respectively, wherein one signal is Reverse gear position signal, the other signal is the reverse gear position redundant signal.

As in the aforementioned sensor system, each of the neutral gear sensing circuit and the reverse gear sensing circuit includes a processing circuit, and the processing circuit is connected to the sensing element for receiving the output of the magnetic field change obtained by the sensing element sensing the magnet device Value W.

The sensor system as described above, the processing circuit includes a memory and a processor;

The memory is used to store the analog output value W ₀ corresponding to each gear position of the shift shaft, which is measured by the sensing element in the simulation program;

The processor is provided with two input ends, one end is connected to the memory to receive the analog output value W ₀ ; the other input end is connected to the sensing element to receive the output value W of the sensing element; the processor compares output value W and the analog output value W ₀ , and send out a position signal measured by the sensing element, or a non-position signal.

As in the aforementioned sensor system, when the real-time output value W of the two sensing elements in the two neutral sensing circuits is smaller than the corresponding analog output value W _N of the neutral position, the neutral sensing circuit in the The processing circuit signals the in-gear position.

As in the aforementioned sensor system, when the real-time output values W of the two sensing elements in the two neutral sensing circuits are greater than or equal to the analog output value W _N of the corresponding neutral position, the neutral sensing circuits in the neutral position The processing circuit signals a neutral position.

As in the sensor system mentioned above, when the shift shaft enters neutral and enters the reverse range and is not in gear, the two-way neutral sensing circuit sends a neutral position signal; the reverse sensing circuit sends a reverse gear position signal;

The neutral position signal takes precedence over the reverse position signal, indicating a neutral position.

As in the aforementioned sensor system, when the real-time output value W of the two sensing elements in the two reverse gear sensing lines and the corresponding analog output value W _R of the reverse gear position are a certain difference or a certain ratio , the processing circuit in the reverse gear sensing circuit sends a reverse gear position signal in advance.

As in the aforementioned sensor system, the neutral position signal and the neutral position redundancy signal form a set of complementary signal pairs;

The reverse gear position signal and the reverse gear position redundancy signal form a set of complementary signal pairs.

As in the aforementioned sensor system, the levels of the neutral position signal and the neutral position redundant signal are opposite: when the neutral position signal is high, the neutral position redundant signal is low; when the neutral position signal is low Normally, the neutral position redundant signal is at high level.

As in the aforementioned sensor system, the levels of the reverse gear position signal and the reverse gear position redundant signal are opposite: when the reverse gear position signal is high level, the reverse gear position redundant signal is low level; When the position signal is at low level, the redundant position signal of reverse gear is at high level.

As in the aforementioned sensor system, the sensing element is a switching Hall element, and the working voltage of the switching Hall element is 5V-12V.

As in the sensor system mentioned above, the two sensing elements in the two-way neutral sensing circuit are set corresponding to the neutral position of the entire shift range; if and only when the shift shaft enters the neutral range, the two-way neutral sense The neutral position signal and the neutral position redundant signal are sent out by the test circuit.

As in the sensor system mentioned above, the two sensing elements in the two-way reverse gear sensing circuit are set corresponding to the reverse gear position; if and only when the shift shaft enters the reverse gear range, the two-way reverse gear sensing The circuit sends out the reverse gear position signal and the reverse gear position redundant signal.

As for the sensor system mentioned above, the gearbox that the sensor is suitable for is a manual transmission car, and the gears are 8 gears. The 6 forward gears are divided into 3 on each side and arranged symmetrically along the neutral gear. The gears are asymmetrically located on one side of the neutral gear.

As for the sensor system mentioned above, the gearbox that the sensor is suitable for is a manual transmission car, wherein the reverse gear is located at one end of all gears in the axial direction of the shift shaft, and is aligned with the forward gear in the axial direction of the shift shaft. interval setting.

As in the aforementioned sensor system, the two neutral sensing circuits are independent of each other; the two reverse sensing circuits are independent of each other.

The sensor is in one piece.

The sensor system of the utility model adopts four switch Hall induction elements as sensing devices, and independently senses two magnet devices in a T-shaped layout with opposite magnetic field directions to sense the movement of the shift shaft and generate two independent positions Signal. The working voltage of the switch Hall is 5V-12V, the voltage range is wider, and no additional voltage regulator is required; and the volume of the switch Hall sensor is smaller, only a quarter of the 3D Hall sensor, which saves the car The space of the gearbox: Two magnets with small magnetism and opposite magnetic field directions are used in a T-shaped layout, which meets the sensing requirements and reduces the interference of the magnet device on other electronic devices.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the utility model sensor system;

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the utility model sensor system;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the processor in the sensor system of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the moving route of the shift shaft of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the signal output schematic diagram of neutral position signal NPS and neutral position redundancy signal NPSK of the utility model;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of signal output of the reverse gear position signal RPS and the reverse gear position redundancy signal RPSK of the present invention; and

Fig. 7 is a comparative diagram of the magnetic field value output signals of the slender magnet device of the present invention and the wide and large magnet device.

detailed description

Various specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings that constitute a part of this specification. It should be understood that although directional terms such as "front", "rear", "upper", "lower", "left", "right" etc. are used in the present invention to describe various examples of the present invention Structural parts and elements, but these terms are used herein for explanatory purposes only, based on the example orientations shown in the drawings. Since the disclosed embodiments of the present invention can be arranged in different orientations, these directional terms are for illustration only and should not be regarded as limiting. Where possible, the same or similar reference numerals used in the present invention refer to the same components.

Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the sensor system of the present invention.

As shown in Figure 1, the sensor system includes a magnet device 105 corresponding to the movement of the shift shaft 101 of the automobile gearbox, and a sensor 100 for sensing the motion of the magnet device. The sensor 100 includes two neutral position signal sensing lines and two reverse gears Position signal sensing circuit. The magnet device 105 is arranged on the shift shaft 101 and moves together with the shift shaft 101 . The shift shaft 101 can move back and forth or reciprocating in a straight line along the axis H-H' (the direction of the arrow AA' in the figure), and can also move back and forth along the transverse direction of the axis B with the axis H-H' as the center of the circle. Rotational movement (arrow BB' direction in the figure).

The two magnets of the magnet device 105 respectively include a neutral magnet 1052 for reflecting the shift shaft 101 in the neutral position and a reverse magnet 1053 for reflecting the shift shaft 101 in the reverse position. The neutral magnet 1052 and the reverse magnet 1053 are T-shaped layout: the neutral magnet 1052 is arranged along the axial direction of the shift shaft 101, the reverse magnet 1053 is arc-shaped, and is arranged transversely along the axis of the shift shaft 101, and the magnetic pole direction of the neutral magnet 1052 is opposite to that of the reverse magnet 1053, The N pole of the neutral gear magnet 1052 is upward and the S pole is downward, and the N pole of the reverse gear magnet 1053 is downward and the S pole is upward; similarly, the two magnets are magnetically opposite to each other and the same effect can be achieved. The length of the neutral magnet 1052 is sufficient to cover the length effective detection area of the linear movement of the shift shaft 101, and the arc span of the reverse magnet 1053 is sufficient to cover the effective detection area of the rotational movement of the shift shaft 101. The neutral magnet 1052 and the reverse magnet 1053 follows the shift shaft 101 to make linear and rotary motions.

The two neutral sensing circuits and the reverse sensing circuits are respectively two neutral sensing circuits (112, 114) and two reverse sensing circuits (116, 118). The sensing circuit includes a plurality of sensing elements that provide sensing signals individually, and the sensing elements that sense the movement of the neutral magnet 1052 are respectively side-by-side switch Hall sensing elements: the neutral position signal sensing element 104 and the neutral position redundant signal sensing element 104', arranged above (or near) the neutral position magnet 1052, when the neutral position magnet 1052 moves to the sensing area of the neutral position signal sensing element 104 and the neutral position redundant signal sensing element 104', and senses the neutral position The change of the magnetic field (or magnetic flux) of the magnet 1052 picks up the corresponding data at a specific time, and when the magnetic induction intensity (magnetic induction line) reaches a certain value, the neutral position signal sensing element 104 and the neutral position redundant signal sensing element 104' A neutral position signal (NPS) and a neutral position redundant signal (NPSK) are sent to the neutral sense line 112 and the neutral redundant sense line 114 , respectively. Similarly, the sensing elements for sensing the reverse magnet 1052 are respectively side-by-side switch Hall sensing elements: the reverse position signal sensing element 106 and the reverse position redundant signal sensing element 106', which are simultaneously arranged on the reverse magnet 1053 above (or nearby), when the reverse magnet 1053 moves to the sensing area of the reverse position signal sensing element 106 and the reverse position redundant signal sensing element 106', and senses the magnetic field of the reverse magnet 1053 (or magnetic flux) changes, pick up the corresponding data at a specific time, and when the magnetic induction intensity (magnetic induction line) reaches a certain value, the reverse gear position signal sensing element 106 and the reverse gear position redundant signal sensing element 106' will send The reverse sense line 116 and the reverse redundant sense line 118 issue a reverse position signal (RPS) and a reverse position redundant signal (RPSK).

The sensing elements of the present invention (neutral position signal sensing element 104 and neutral position redundant signal sensing element 104', reverse position signal sensing element 106 and reverse position redundant signal sensing element 106') adopt It is a switching Hall sensing element. The working voltage of the switching Hall sensing element is 5V-12V, and the voltage range is wider. A quarter of the sensor element, saving the space of the car gearbox.

In Fig. 1, the neutral gear magnet 1052 and the reverse gear magnet 1053 of the present utility model, the neutral gear magnet 1052 and the reverse gear magnet 1053, leave intervals between the two and have a T-shaped layout, and are arranged on the magnet bracket 160 to form an integrated piece . Wherein, the neutral magnet 1052 is arranged along the axial direction of the shift shaft 101, the reverse magnet 1053 is arc-shaped, and is arranged transversely along the axis of the shift shaft 101, and the magnetic pole direction of the neutral magnet 1052 is opposite to that of the reverse magnet 1053. It is set so that the distribution directions of the magnetic fields generated by the neutral magnet 1052 and the reverse magnet 1053 are also opposite. This staggered design of the magnetic field direction makes the magnetic field signal distribution of the neutral gear magnet 1052 and the reverse gear magnet 1053 not superimposed in one direction, and the neutral gear sensing element and the reverse gear sensing element respectively sense the neutral gear magnet 1052 and the reverse gear magnet 1053 , the magnetic fields of the two magnets do not interfere with each other. In addition, the switching Hall sensor used in the utility model needs a magnetic field distribution with obvious changes in the magnetic field value at the jump position. If the magnetic field is superimposed, the magnetic field strength at the jump position will increase, and the magnetic field value will not change significantly. Sensitivity will decrease, see Figure 7 for details.

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the utility model sensor system;

As shown in Figure 2, it is the basic circuit structure of the two-way neutral sensing circuit and the reverse sensing circuit of the sensor system, the neutral sensing circuit 112 and the neutral redundant sensing circuit 114 receive the neutral position signal sensing element 104 and the neutral position The redundant signal sensing element 104' senses the neutral position signal generated by the magnitude of the magnetic field, the neutral position signal sensed by the sensing element is a linear analog signal, and the sensing circuit is provided with a processing circuit 130 (see FIG. processing analysis such as analog conversion, and send the neutral position signal NPS and neutral position redundant signal NPSK in digital form obtained through processing and analysis to the protection circuit 120, and the protection circuit 120 starts the processed neutral position signal NPS and neutral position redundant signal NPSK. to the car control system.

The signal processing method of the reverse gear sensing circuit 116 and the reverse gear redundant sensing circuit 118 is the same as that of the neutral gear sensing circuit 112 and the neutral gear redundant sensing circuit 114 . The internal structure and processing flow of the processing circuit 130 are specifically shown in FIG. 3 .

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the processor in the sensor system of the present invention;

Neutral gear sensing circuit 112 and neutral gear redundant sensing circuit 114, reverse gear sensing circuit 116 and reverse gear redundant sensing circuit 118 are all operated independently, and the same processor is installed in each route (processing line) structure. Taking the neutral sensing circuit 112 as an example for illustration, as shown in FIG. 3 , the processing circuit 130 is provided with a memory 131 , a processor 132 , and an A/D conversion circuit 134 . The memory 131 pre-stores the analog output value W ₀ (corresponding to the threshold value of the magnetic field) measured by the inductive element in the simulation program corresponding to the shift shaft 101 in the neutral position; the processor 132 is provided with two input terminals : input 133 and input 135 , and an output 137 . The input terminal 133 is connected to the memory 131 to receive the analog output value W ₀ ; the input terminal 135 is connected to the A/D conversion circuit 134, and the A/D conversion circuit 134 receives the output value W of the inductive element 104, and converts the output value W of the analog signal into Processor 132 is capable of identifying the digital signal used.

The processor 132 compares the real-time output value W with the analog output value W ₀ , and when the real-time output value W exceeds the analog output value W ₀ of the neutral position, the processor 132 sends a neutral position signal (high level signal) through the output terminal 137 ); when the real-time output value W is less than or does not exceed the analog output value W ₀ , the processor 132 sends a non-neutral position signal (low level signal) (see Fig. 5-6 for details).

In fact, the neutral gear sensing circuit 114, the reverse gear sensing circuit 116 and the reverse gear redundant sensing circuit 118 adopt the same method as the neutral gear sensing circuit 112 in the signal processing mode, and their respective output terminals (147 , 157, 167) all output signals to the protection circuit 120, and the protection circuit 120 sends the signal to the vehicle control system ECU. Wherein, the specific method for processing signals by the processor 132 may also refer to the method for processing signals by a processor in the Chinese utility model with application number 201420562060.8.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the moving route of the shift shaft of the present invention.

As shown in Figure 4, the car gearbox includes a total of 8 gears including reverse gear R, forward gears 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and neutral gear N (in fact, other more gears are also set The sensor system of the present utility model can be adopted), wherein neutral gear N moves along path 211 in the middle, R, 1, 3, 5 are on one side of neutral gear, 2, 4, 6 are on the other side of neutral gear and are connected with 1, 3 , 5 block alignment. Toggle the shift lever of the car so that the shift shaft 101 moves along the lines shown by the arrows in the figure between the various gear positions, which can be decomposed into the back and forth movement along the direction of the A arrow and the back and forth movement in the direction of the B arrow on the plane.

The shaded part 221 in the figure indicates the neutral position range, for example, the range when the shift shaft 101 rotates at ±5°; the two sides of the shaded part 221 are the gear position range, indicating that the shift shaft 101 rotates to the reverse gear R or the forward gear position For example, the range when the shift shaft 101 rotates at ±20°. The shaded part 222 represents the axial position of the reverse gear, indicating that the shift shaft 101 moves linearly to one side of the reverse gear, including the neutral position adjacent to the reverse gear position; the right side of the shaded part 222 is the axial position of the forward gear, Indicates that the shift shaft 101 moves linearly to one side of the forward gear position.

The neutral position signal sensing element 104 and the neutral position redundancy signal sensing element 104' can sense the position of the gearbox shift shaft 101 in each gear. When the shift shaft 101 rotates and enters the range of gears in a horizontal direction, that is, gear R or forward gear (including gear 1, gear 2, gear 3, gear 4, gear 5 and gear 6) ), the neutral position signal sensing element 104 and the neutral position redundant signal sensing element 104' produce a non-neutral position signal; when the shift shaft 101 laterally enters the neutral position range (shaded area 221), the neutral position signal sensing element 104 and neutral position redundant signal sensing element 104' generate neutral position signal NPS and neutral position redundant signal NPSK.

When the shift shaft 101 moves linearly along the axis 211 in the direction of arrow A and enters the reverse gear axial position (shaded area 222) of the reverse gear end, the reverse gear position signal sensing element 106 and the reverse gear position redundant signal sensing element 106' generate Reverse gear position signal RPS and reverse gear position redundant signal RPSK, when the shift shaft 101 linearly moves into the forward gear axial position on the forward gear side: including gear 1, gear 2, gear 3, gear 4, For gear 5, gear 6 and the adjacent neutral gear N1, neutral gear N2 and neutral gear N3 on the same side, the reverse gear position signal sensing element 106 and the reverse gear redundant signal sensing element 106' generate a non-reverse gear position signal.

In particular, the ECU of the vehicle control system needs to predict the position of the reverse gear in advance, so that the shift shaft 101 reaches the reverse gear, so that the vehicle control system needs to control the hydraulic system to connect the reverse gear oil circuit, and the drive wheels reverse , to achieve reverse gear driving. The memory in the reverse gear sensing circuit 116 and the reverse gear redundant sensing circuit 118 stores the analog output value W _R of the reverse gear position. When the real-time output value W and the analog output value W _R of the reverse gear position are a certain difference or When a certain ratio (such as 1/3), that is, the R' point position on the neutral motion circuit 211 in FIG. Pre-reverse gear position signal) to the ECU, and the ECU can respond in advance. Because when the shift shaft 101 moves to the position on the side of the reverse gear R, there is no other gear on the route except the reverse gear R. Of course, it can also return to the first gear or the second gear along the neutral position, or Stay in neutral. In fact, when judging whether the shift shaft 101 really enters the reverse gear position or stays in the neutral gear position, the judging method is: that is, when the neutral gear sensing circuit (or neutral gear redundant sensing circuit) is displayed as a non-neutral position signal (in gear position signal), and the reverse gear sensing circuit (or reverse gear redundancy sensing circuit) shows the reverse gear position signal RPS (or RPSK), the system can judge that the shift shaft 101 is only in the reverse gear position R. The car control system ECU will control the car to perform reverse operation.

If it stays in the neutral position (that is, the position where the shaded part 222 and the shaded part 211 intersect in the figure), the reverse gear sensing circuit (or reverse gear redundant sensing circuit) is displayed as the reverse gear position signal RPS (or RPSK), The neutral position sensing line (or neutral redundant sensing line) is displayed as the neutral position signal NPS (or NPSK), the system judges that the neutral position signal NPS (or NPSK) has priority over the reverse position signal RPS (or RPSK), and judges that it is in the neutral position .

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the signal output of the neutral position signal NPS and the neutral position redundancy signal NPSK of the present invention.

Specifically, as shown in Figure 5, the vertical coordinates X and X' indicate the displacement of the shift shaft 101, and the abscissa Y indicates the level V of the output signal. In the figure, the broken line 201 indicates the neutral position signal NPS, and the broken line 202 indicates the neutral position. I signal NPSK. Because the neutral position signal sensing element 104 and the neutral position redundant signal sensing element 104' independently sense the neutral magnet 1052 on the shift shaft 101 from two angles, the corresponding neutral sensing circuit 112 and neutral redundant The signal levels generated by the sense lines 114 are also different. The shaded part 221 in the figure (same as FIG. 4 ) indicates that the shift shaft 101 is in the neutral position. When the shift shaft 101 moves back and forth in the direction of the arrow B between the upper gear, the neutral position and the lower gear in the shaded portion 221, the neutral position signal sensing element 104 and the neutral position redundant signal sensing element 104 'As a switch Hall sensor, respectively generate high and low level signals representing neutral. Specifically, the neutral position signal NPS201 is low level L in the non-neutral position, and high level H in the neutral position of the shaded part 221; the neutral position redundant signal NPSK202 is high level H in the non-neutral position, and is in the shadow The neutral position of part 221 is low level L.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of signal output of the reverse gear position signal RPS and the reverse gear position redundancy signal RPSK of the present invention.

As shown in Figure 6, the horizontal coordinates X and X' represent the displacement of the shift shaft 101, the vertical coordinate Y represents the level V of the output signal, the broken line 203 in the figure represents the reverse gear position signal RPS, and the broken line 204 represents the reverse gear position redundancy Signal RPSK. Because the reverse position signal sensing element 106 and the reverse position redundant signal sensing element 106' independently sense the reverse magnet 1053 on the shift shaft 101 from two angles, the corresponding reverse sensing circuit 116 The level of the signal generated by the redundant sense circuit 118 is also different from that of the reverse gear. The shaded part 222 in the figure (same as FIG. 4 ) indicates that the shift shaft 101 is in the reverse gear position. When the shift shaft 101 moves back and forth in the direction of arrow A between the reverse gear position and the forward gear position, the reverse gear sensing circuit 116 and the reverse gear redundant sensing circuit 118 generate high and low levels representing reverse gear respectively. Signal: reverse gear position signal RPS203, low level L in the non-reverse gear position, high level H in the reverse gear position of the shaded part 222; reverse gear position redundant signal NPSK204, high level in the non-reverse gear position H, the reverse gear position in the shaded part 222 is low level L.

In fact: the two neutral sensing units (such as: neutral position signal sensing element 104 and neutral position redundant signal sensing element 104') in the two neutral sensing circuits are located in the center of the entire shift range, for all gear positions Both have magnetic field induction. When the two neutral sensing units work normally, the two neutral sensing circuits send out the neutral position signal NPS and the neutral position redundant signal NPSK when and only when the shift shaft enters the neutral range.

Before the signal is generated, the neutral position signal sensing element 104 and the neutral position redundant signal sensing element 104' independently sense the movement of the neutral position magnet 1052 to generate an analog signal reflecting the neutral position and transmit it to the processor on the sensing line , processed into a voltage signal (or PWM signal) output through the process shown in Figure 3, that is, the neutral position signal NPS and the neutral position redundancy signal NPSK.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the neutral position signal NPS and the neutral position redundant signal NPSK in the two independent neutral sensing lines form a set of complementary signal pairs. The ECU of the vehicle control system receives redundant and complementary two-way signals to form a diagnosis. The reverse gear position signal sensing element 106 and the reverse gear position redundant signal sensing element 106' independently sense the movement of the reverse gear magnet 1053, and the analog signal reflecting the reverse gear position is transmitted to the corresponding processor. The processing is transformed into a voltage signal (or PWM signal output), that is, the reverse gear position signal RPS and the reverse gear position redundant signal RPSK. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the reverse gear position signal RPS and the reverse gear position redundant signal RPSK in the two independent reverse gear sensing lines form a set of complementary signal pairs, and the ECU of the automobile control system receives the redundant signal The two complementary signals form a state diagnosis.

Fig. 7 is a comparative diagram of the magnetic field value output signals of the slender magnet device of the present invention and the wide and large magnet device.

In FIG. 1 , both the neutral magnet 1052 and the reverse magnet 1053 are elongated, the neutral magnet 1052 is elongated along the axial direction of the shift shaft 101, and the reverse magnet 1053 is arc-shaped along the axial direction of the shift shaft 101. long strip. Wherein, the width of the neutral magnet can be 3-7mm, especially 3-5mm or 4-6mm. According to the usage of different customers, the width can be 3mm, 3.5mm, 4mm, 4.5mm or 5mm. The magnetic field strength of these two kinds of slender strip magnets is concentrated, which will not affect other peripheral electrical components. At the same time, because the magnetic field strength is concentrated at a narrow rotation angle, the magnetic field strength drops significantly beyond this angle, and the signal jumps. become obvious and sensitive, see Figure 7 for details.

Fig. 7 shows the comparison diagram of the magnetic field value distribution produced by the magnet device 105 of the present utility model (taking the neutral magnet 1052 as an example) and the magnetic field value distribution produced by a magnet with a wider size (abbreviated as "wide magnet"), the abscissa Represents the rotation angle, and the vertical coordinate represents the magnetic field value. In the figure, the upper curve 710 is the distribution of the magnetic field value of the wide magnet, and the lower curve 720 is the distribution of the magnetic field value of the neutral magnet 1052 . The magnetic field value distribution curve 710 of the wide magnet is wider because the magnet width is larger and the magnetic field strength distribution is wider, and its curve distribution is also more dispersed, and the slope of the curve is small; The magnetic field on both sides of the larger angle is obviously weakened, so the distribution of the curve is more concentrated, and the slope of the curve is larger.

The utility model uses the switch Hall sensor to sense the magnetic field value. Compared with the angle of the 3D Hall sensor to sense the magnetic field, the switch Hall sensor senses the actual value of the magnetic field, that is, when the magnet rotates to a certain When the angular magnetic field value is greater than or smaller than a certain threshold, the sensor sends out a sensing signal. Therefore, for the change of the rotation angle, the greater the change of the magnetic field value, the more sensitive the sensing. Taking the rotation angle of 5° in the figure as an example to illustrate, when rotating from 4.9° to 5°, the signal value change of the wide magnet is H1, and the magnetic field value change of the neutral magnet 1052 is H2, because the neutral magnet The magnetic field value of 1052 changes greatly, so H2>H1. For the switch Hall sensor, this large magnetic field value change is easier to sense, so the smaller width of the neutral magnet 1052 is compared with the larger width of the magnet. 3D Hall sensor, more suitable for switch Hall sensor.

Although the present utility model will be described with reference to the specific embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the sensor system of the present utility model can have many variations without departing from the spirit, scope and background of the teaching of the present utility model, such as separate different layouts of magnets. Those skilled in the art will also realize that there are different ways to change the disclosed embodiments of the utility model, all of which fall within the spirit and scope of the utility model and claims.

Claims (26)

1. A sensor system for sensing a neutral position and a reverse position of a transmission shift shaft (101); said sensor system comprises a sensor (100) and a magnet device (105), and said magnet device (105) is provided with On the shift shaft (101) of the transmission; It is characterized by: The magnet device (105) is a neutral magnet (1052) and a reverse magnet (1053); the neutral magnet (1052) generates a magnetic field signal corresponding to the neutral position of the shift shaft (101), and the reverse magnet (1053 ) generating a magnetic field signal corresponding to a reverse gear position of the shift shaft (101); the magnetic field signal of the neutral gear position and the magnetic field signal of the reverse gear position have opposite distribution directions; The sensor (100) includes: A neutral sensing circuit (112, 114), wherein an sensing element is provided, and the sensing element (104, 104') senses the magnetic field signal of the movement of the neutral magnet (1052), and generates a signal reflecting the neutral position; The reverse gear sensing circuit (116, 118) is provided with an inductive element, the inductive element (106, 106') senses the magnetic field signal of the reverse gear magnet (1053) movement, and generates a signal reflecting the reverse gear position. 2. The sensor system of claim 1, wherein: The neutral magnet (1052) is arranged along the axial direction of the shift shaft (101), and the reverse magnet (1053) is arranged transversely along the axis of the shift shaft (101). 3. The sensor system of claim 1, wherein: The neutral magnet (1052) and the reverse magnet (1053) are elongated. 4. The sensor system of claim 3, wherein: The width of the neutral magnet (1052) is 3-7mm. 5. The sensor system of claim 4, wherein: The width of the neutral magnet (1052) is 3-5 mm or 4-6 mm. 6. The sensor system of claim 5, wherein: The width of the neutral magnet (1052) is 3mm, 3.5mm, 4mm, 4.5mm or 5mm. 7. The sensor system of claim 1, wherein: The neutral gear magnet (1052) and the reverse gear magnet (1053) are arranged at intervals. 8. The sensor system of claim 1, wherein: Also includes a magnet bracket (160); The neutral gear magnet (1052) and the reverse gear magnet (1053) are fixedly arranged on the magnet bracket (160) to form an integral part. 9. The sensor system of claim 1, wherein: There are two neutral sensing circuits (112, 114), each neutral sensing circuit is provided with a sensing element, and the two sensing elements (104, 104') synchronously sense the movement of the neutral magnet (1052), And generate two signals respectively, one of which is the neutral position signal (NPS), and the other signal is the neutral position redundant signal (NPSK); The reverse gear sensing circuit (116, 118) has two circuits, and each reverse gear sensing circuit is provided with an inductive element, and the two inductive elements (106, 106') synchronously sense the reverse gear magnet (1053) movement, and generate two signals respectively, one of which is the reverse gear position signal (RPS), and the other is the reverse gear position redundancy signal (RPSK). 10. The sensor system according to claim 9, characterized in that each neutral sensing circuit (112, 114) and reverse sensing circuit (116, 118) includes a processing circuit (130), and the processing circuit (130) is connected to The inductive element (104, 104', 106, 106') is used to receive the output of the magnetic field change obtained by the inductive element (104, 104', 106, 106') sensing the magnet device (1052, 1053) Value W. 11. The sensor system of claim 10, wherein: The processing circuit (130) includes a memory (131) and a processor (132); The memory (131) is used to store the measurement of the sensing elements (104, 104', 106, 106') in the simulation program, corresponding to each gear position of the shift shaft (101) The analog output value of W ₀ ; The processor (132) is provided with two input ends, one end is connected to the memory (132) to receive the analog output value W ₀ ; the other input end is connected to the sensing element (104, 104', 106, 106'), receiving the output value W of the sensing element (104, 104', 106, 106'); The processor (132) compares the output value W with the analog output value _W0 , and sends out a position signal measured by the sensing element (104, 104', 106, 106'), or a non-position signal. 12. The sensor system of claim 11, wherein: When the real-time output value W of the two sensing elements (104, 104') in the two neutral sensing circuits (112, 114) is smaller than the corresponding analog output value W _N of the neutral position, the neutral sensing circuit ( The processing circuit (130) in 112, 114) issues an in-gear position signal. 13. The sensor system of claim 11, wherein: When the real-time output value W of the two sensing elements (104, 104') in the two neutral sensing circuits (112, 114) is greater than or equal to the analog output value W _N of the corresponding neutral position, the neutral sensing The processing circuit (130) in line (112, 114) signals a neutral position. 14. The sensor system of claim 11, wherein: When the shift shaft (101) enters neutral gear and enters the reverse gear range and is not in gear, the two-way neutral gear sensing circuit (112, 114) sends a neutral gear position signal; the reverse gear sensing circuit (116, 118) send a reverse gear position signal; The neutral position signal takes precedence over the reverse position signal, indicating a neutral position. 15. The sensor system of claim 11, wherein: When the real-time output value W of the two sensing elements (106, 106') in the two reverse gear sensing lines (116, 118) and the corresponding analog output value W _R of the reverse gear position are a certain difference or a certain ratio, the processing circuit (130) in the reverse gear sensing circuit (116, 118) sends a reverse gear position signal in advance. 16. The sensor system of claim 9, wherein: The neutral position signal (NPS) and the neutral position redundant signal (NPSK) form a set of complementary signal pairs; The reverse gear position signal (RPS) and the reverse gear position redundant signal (RPSK) form a set of complementary signal pairs. 17. The position sensor system of claim 9, wherein: The two neutral sensing circuits are independent of each other; The two reverse gear sensing circuits are independent of each other. 18. The sensor system of claim 16, wherein: The levels of the neutral position signal (NPS) and the neutral position redundancy signal (NPSK) are opposite: when the neutral position signal (NPS) is high level, the neutral position redundancy signal (NPSK) is low level; When the signal (NPS) is low, the neutral position redundancy signal (NPSK) is high. 19. The sensor system of claim 16, wherein: The levels of the reverse position signal (RPS) and the reverse position redundancy signal (RPSK) are opposite: when the reverse position signal (RPS) is high level, the reverse position redundancy signal (RPSK) is low level ; When the reverse gear position signal (RPS) is low level, the reverse gear position redundancy signal (RPSK) is high level. 20. The sensor system of claim 1, wherein: The sensing elements (104, 104', 106, 106') are switching Hall elements. 21. The sensor system of claim 20, wherein: The operating voltage of the switch Hall element is 5V-12V. 22. The sensor system of claim 9, wherein: The two sensing elements (104, 104') in the two-way neutral sensing circuit (112, 114) are set corresponding to the neutral position of the entire shift range; When and only when the shift shaft (101) enters the neutral range, the two neutral sensing circuits send a neutral position signal (NPS) and a neutral position redundant signal (NPSK). 23. The sensor system of claim 9, wherein: The two sensing elements (106, 106') in the two-way reverse gear sensing circuit (116, 118) are set corresponding to the reverse gear position; When and only when the shift shaft (101) enters the reverse gear range, the two reverse gear sensing circuits send a reverse gear position signal (RPS) and a reverse gear position redundant signal (RPSK). 24. The sensor system of claim 1, wherein: The gearbox that the sensor (100) is suitable for is a manual transmission car, and the gears are 8 gears. The 6 forward gears are divided into 3 on each side and arranged symmetrically along the neutral gear, and the reverse gear is asymmetrical. Set on the side of the neutral gear. 25. The sensor system of claim 1, wherein: The gearbox that the sensor (100) is suitable for is a manual transmission car, wherein the reverse gear is located at one end of all gears axially along the shift shaft (101), and is aligned with the forward gear on the shift shaft (101) axis. to the interval setting. 26. The sensor system according to any one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that: The sensor is in one piece.