CN205055696U - Radiator air dust collector and harvester - Google Patents
Radiator air dust collector and harvester Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN205055696U CN205055696U CN201520737063.5U CN201520737063U CN205055696U CN 205055696 U CN205055696 U CN 205055696U CN 201520737063 U CN201520737063 U CN 201520737063U CN 205055696 U CN205055696 U CN 205055696U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- cylindrical shell
- wind scooper
- radiator
- rotating shaft
- dust arrester
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn - After Issue
Links
Landscapes
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a radiator air dust collector, including vertical arranging and upper end open -ended wind scooper, an air outlet has been seted up to one side of wind scooper, with the position department that the air outlet corresponds is equipped with a suction fan, the upper end opening part correspondence of wind scooper is equipped with a dust removal screen panel, the dust removal screen panel covers the upper end opening of wind scooper, just being equipped with all around of dust removal screen panel is used for cleaing away the first brush of dust removal screen panel surface, a pivot is connected to the dust removal screen panel, be equipped with in the pivot through the pressure differential driven fan blade that the suction fan produced. The use part is few, reduces use cost, and dust removal effect is showing. Still disclose a harvester, had the aforesaid automatic dust exhaust dustproof construction, improved the holistic performance of harvester greatly, saved maintenance time.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to dedusting structure technical field, particularly relates to a kind of radiator air dust arrester.
The utility model also relates to a kind of harvester.
Background technology
Heat abstractor is used for cooling the Diesel engine in work, hydraulic system in harvester, ensure that Diesel engine and hydraulic system work in suitable temperature range, therefore the stability of radiator work is vital factor, heat abstractor comprises radiator and is arranged at the radiator fan of radiator side, radiator fan rotates and outside air introducing is cooled radiator, and radiator fan also can be described as induced-draught fan.
Operationally, need to introduce outside air and carry out air-cooled, but generally all there is dust in air, especially when the work that harvester is severe, the air cleaning mode of the radiator of existing main use is roughly divided into the following two kinds to current radiator:
1, the patent No. is the air deduster that the Chinese utility model patent of CN201320705218.8 discloses a kind of harvester radiator, it comprises frame shell, described frame shell is provided with drive unit, described frame shell is rotatablely equipped with the transmission device driven by described drive unit, described transmission device pressed on ring is arranged with dedusting filter screen, one end correspondence of described dedusting filter screen is provided with for removing dust on described dedusting filter screen and being driven the cleaning brush rotated by described drive unit, the air outlet side correspondence of described dedusting filter screen is provided with radiator, the side correspondence of described radiator is provided with fan, wind scooper is provided with between described fan and described radiator, it is characterized in that, be tightly connected between one end of described radiator and described wind scooper, the circulation passage of dust flow is left between the other end and described wind scooper, described circulation passage is corresponding with described dedusting screen location and near one end of described cleaning brush.Power set drive transmission is adopted in said structure, recycling actuator drives dustproof filter screen rotates, dustproof filter screen utilizes the dust on cleaning brush cleaning dedusting filter screen in rotary course, above-mentioned PWTN air communication channel of unifying is difficult to reach its sealing required on making, and dust removing effects is undesirable.
2, the patent No. is disclose a kind of harvest machinery air conditioning filter cover in the Chinese utility model patent of CN201420063630.9, this is upper air formula dust excluding hood, principle is by promoting air inlet position, make air inlet away from dust district, avoid muddy air, reduce gas source to pollute, few dust is as far as possible drawn onto on radiator tank.During harvester operation, environment facies are when severe, and dust excluding hood only has high effect as far as possible just enough desirable, but the too high property passed through that will affect complete machine of dust excluding hood.
Utility model content
Technical problem to be solved in the utility model is: provide that a kind of structure is simple, the radiator air dust arrester of low cost of manufacture and good dedusting effect.
The utility model realizes like this, a kind of radiator air dust arrester, comprise one vertically to arrange and the wind scooper of upper end open, the side of described wind scooper offers air outlet, when being installed on equipment, described air outlet is positioned at the side away from induced-draught fan of radiator, the upper end open place correspondence of described wind scooper is provided with a dedusting guard, and described basket strainer covers the upper end open covering described wind scooper, and the air intake place of described dedusting guard is provided with the first hairbrush for removing described dedusting guard;
Described dedusting guard is arranged in a rotating shaft, and described rotating shaft is provided with the fan blade of the pressure differential produced by described induced-draught fan.
As improving further, described dedusting guard is a cylindrical shell, described drum shaft to bearing of trend vertical with the vertical bearing of trend of described wind scooper, and the two ends that described cylindrical shell is in axial direction are all closed, and the external peripheral surface of described cylindrical shell is net cover structure.
As improving further, described rotating shaft is arranged on the center of described cylindrical shell and axial arranged along described cylindrical shell, and the two ends of described cylindrical shell are fixed in described rotating shaft.
As improving further, axial arranged on the outer surface that described rotating shaft is fixedly installed on described cylindrical shell and along described cylindrical shell.
As improving further, described drum shaft to two ends be fixed with the second hairbrush respectively, and described second hairbrush abuts on the end face of corresponding cylindrical shell respectively, described second hairbrush all extends to the position of described wind scooper opening part, and described second hairbrush forms the hermetically-sealed construction in described cylindrical shell and described wind scooper opening part gap respectively.
As improving further, described dedusting guard is a cylindrical shell, described drum shaft to bearing of trend parallel with the vertical bearing of trend of described wind scooper, and the end face that described cylindrical shell is in the two ends of axial direction is net cover structure, and the external peripheral surface of described cylindrical shell is enclosed construction.
As improving further, described rotating shaft is arranged on the center of described cylindrical shell and axial arranged along described cylindrical shell, and the two ends of described cylindrical shell are fixed in described rotating shaft.
As improving further, axial arranged on the outer surface that described rotating shaft is fixedly installed on described cylindrical shell and along described cylindrical shell.
As improving further, in described wind scooper, be also provided with screen pack.
After have employed technique scheme, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:
Side due to wind scooper offers an air outlet, the position corresponding with described air outlet is provided with an induced-draught fan, the upper end open place correspondence of described wind scooper is provided with a dedusting guard, described basket strainer covers the upper end open covering described wind scooper, and the air intake place of described dedusting guard is provided with the first hairbrush for removing described basket strainer cover outer surface; Dedusting guard is arranged in a rotating shaft, and described rotating shaft is provided with the fan blade of the pressure differential produced by described induced-draught fan.Use combining after the guard optimal design of the wind scooper of upper air and Rotary dust collecting like this, with harvest machinery air conditioning filter cover described above Comparatively speaking, the wind scooper of upper air adds rotatable dedusting guard, dedusting guard can realize the effect to air twice dust removal by filtration, add wind scooper itself simultaneously and have the advantages that at utmost to avoid muddy air, therefore substantially increase and enter the cleanliness factor of air in wind scooper and greatly improve, overall dust removing effects is remarkable; Simultaneously due to the rotation of dedusting guard, the pressure reduction produced by means of induced-draught fan drives fan blade to rotate, thus indirectly drive dedusting guard to rotate, compared to harvester radiator air deduster described above, eliminate power set and transmission device, structure is formed more simple, manufacturing cost is lower.Owing to being provided with the first hairbrush at the outer surface of dedusting guard, utilize hairbrush to realize automatic dust removing, not only dust removal efficiency is high, effective and cost is low, and hairbrush mounting structure is simple, is easy to operation and realizes.
Due to drum shaft to two ends be fixed with the second hairbrush respectively, and described second hairbrush abuts on the end face of corresponding cylindrical shell respectively, described second hairbrush all extends to the position of described wind scooper opening part, and described second hairbrush forms the hermetically-sealed construction in described cylindrical shell and described wind scooper opening part gap respectively.Utilize the second hairbrush can realize the dedusting of dedusting guard end face like this, the second hairbrush forms the hermetically-sealed construction in dust excluding hood and wind scooper opening part gap simultaneously, extraneous dust can be avoided to enter in wind scooper, ensure that the cleanliness factor in wind scooper further.
Another technical problem to be solved in the utility model is: provide a kind of harvester, poor to solve existing harvester dust removing effects, affects the technical problem of overall performance.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution of the utility model is: provide a kind of harvester, described heat abstractor comprises radiator and is arranged at the induced-draught fan of described radiator side, and described radiator is provided with above-mentioned arbitrary described radiator air dust arrester away from the side of described induced-draught fan.
Owing to using the radiator air dust arrester of above-mentioned good dedusting effect in harvester, substantially increase the serviceability of harvester entirety, save maintenance time, and ensure that the design height requirement of complete machine.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model embodiment one;
Fig. 2 is the A-A sectional view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the partial enlarged drawing of B in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the utility model embodiment two;
Fig. 5 is the side view of Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the utility model embodiment three;
Fig. 7 is the top view of Fig. 6;
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of the utility model embodiment four;
Fig. 9 is the top view of Fig. 8;
In figure, 1, wind scooper, 10, air outlet, 2, cylindrical shell, 20, guard, 3, rotating shaft, 4, fan blade, the 5, first hairbrush, 6, the second hairbrush, 7, radiator, 8, radiator fan, H, gap, 9, wind scooper, 90, air outlet, 11, cylindrical shell, 110, guard, 12, rotating shaft, 13, fan blade, the 14, first hairbrush, 15, radiator fan, 16, radiator, 17, U-shaped frame, 18, screen pack.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make the purpose of this utility model, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the utility model is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the utility model, and be not used in restriction the utility model.
Embodiment one:
As shown in common in Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, a kind of radiator air dust arrester, comprise one vertically to arrange and the wind scooper 1 of upper end open, the side of wind scooper 1 offers an air outlet 10, when being installed on equipment, air outlet 10 is positioned at the side away from induced-draught fan of radiator 7, the upper end open place correspondence of wind scooper 1 is provided with a dedusting guard, basket strainer covers the upper end open of lid wind scooper, as shown in Figure 2, dedusting guard can be preferably a tube structure, make the bearing of trend of cylindrical shell 2 axis vertical with the vertical bearing of trend of wind scooper 1, and the two ends that cylindrical shell 2 is in axial direction are all closed, the external peripheral surface of cylindrical shell 2 is net cover structure, and be provided with the first hairbrush 5 for removing guard 20 surface in the surrounding of guard 20, cylindrical shell 2 connects a rotating shaft 3, rotating shaft 3 is provided with the fan blade 4 of the pressure differential produced by induced-draught fan.
Rotating shaft 3 is arranged on the center of cylindrical shell 2 and axial arranged along cylindrical shell 2, and the two ends of cylindrical shell 2 are fixed in rotating shaft 3, fan blade 4 are arranged in rotating shaft 3 simultaneously, fan blade 4 can be made to be arranged in cylindrical shell 2, also can be arranged on the outside of cylindrical shell 2.
In order to improve dust removing effects further, can drum shaft to two ends be fixed with the second hairbrush 6 respectively, second hairbrush 6 is abutted in respectively on the end face of corresponding cylindrical shell 2, and the position making the second hairbrush 6 all extend to wind scooper opening part forms the hermetically-sealed construction in cylindrical shell 2 and wind scooper opening part gap respectively.Can also a screen pack 18 be set in wind scooper more simultaneously.
The fixed connection structure of above-mentioned first hairbrush 5 can according to following two kinds of modes:
First kind of way: be fixedly installed on a link by one end of the first hairbrush 5, the external peripheral surface of the other end and cylindrical shell 2 is tangent, and link is fixedly installed on wind scooper 1.The shape of link can need design according to the installation of reality, and preferred shape can be U-shaped frame, can with reference to the U-shaped frame 17 in figure 6.
The second way: a sheathed adapter sleeve in the rotating shaft 3 of stretching out cylindrical shell 2, adapter sleeve is connected without any with rotating shaft 3, do not hinder the rotation of rotating shaft 3, adapter sleeve is fixed on the frame of corresponding harvester or other positions of harvester, adapter sleeve is fixed with a connection piece, one end of first hairbrush 5 is fixed on connector, and the outer surface of the other end and cylindrical shell 2 is tangent.The structure of connector can be various ways, can be above-mentioned U-shaped frame or other structures.
The fixed connection structure of above-mentioned second hairbrush 6 can according to following mode:
One end that second hairbrush 6 is corresponding with wind scooper openend sidewall is fixed together.As shown in fig. 1, two the second hairbrush 6 are preferably set, and two the second hairbrush 6 are arranged vertically, the two lateral walls of wind scooper opening part and two the second opposite rear end portions, hairbrush 6 position are made to form one high and one low structure, form such height structure can realize forming larger area coverage between wind scooper opening part and corresponding cylindrical shell 2, be beneficial to the intake improved in wind scooper 1, also do not hinder the dust removal process of the first hairbrush 5 on outer surface simultaneously.
Embodiment two:
The present embodiment is substantially identical with the structure of embodiment one, and its difference is:
As shown in common in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, axial arranged on outer surface rotating shaft 3 being fixedly installed on cylindrical shell 2 and along cylindrical shell 2, now fan blade 4 is arranged in the outside of cylindrical shell 2.
The specific works process of above-described embodiment one and embodiment two is: above-mentioned dedusting guard can select to be provided with on the surface of cylindrical shell 2 some along the circumferential direction distribute mesh-structured, also the structure that plait weaves can be adopted, the radiator fan 7 of engine elected as by induced-draught fan, can certainly be set to simple induced-draught fan.
As shown in figs. 1 and 4, arrow represents the flow direction of air, filled arrows represents the flow direction of dust, the radiator fan 7 of engine rotates and produces swiftly flowing air-flow, two opposite faces of the fan blade 4 in rotating shaft 3 are made to produce pressure differential, thus drive fan blade 4 rotates, fan blade 4 drives rotating shaft 3 and cylindrical shell 2 to rotate again, exactly because the rotary motion of cylindrical shell 2, like this according to the air of direction of arrow flowing, need to enter in wind scooper 1 after the cylindrical shell 2 of twice rotation, namely air needs first through forwarding the cylindrical shell 2 of top to, then enter in cylindrical shell 2, again through just in time forwarding the cylindrical shell 2 of below to, just enter afterwards in wind scooper 1, this process hollow gas is equivalent to have passed through two-layer filter screen and just enters in wind scooper 1.
The dust mixed in above-mentioned moving air major part can fall the outer surface of cylindrical shell 2 due to the effect of wind direction, and also having part dust can be entered into by cylindrical shell 2 in addition, it is inner.
When the above-mentioned cylindrical shell 2 with dust forwards the position of the first hairbrush 5 to, most dust can be removed.Dust in cylindrical shell 2 both ends of the surface then utilizes the second hairbrush 6 to clear up, and the dust fallen in cylindrical shell 2 then needs periodic cleaning.
When air in wind scooper 1 is drawn onto radiator by the radiator fan 7 of engine again, owing to being also provided with a screen pack in wind scooper, therefore cleaner air can be obtained, arriving radiator afterwards carries out air-cooled to it, thus achieve the dedusting object of radiator air, ensure radiating effect while air-cooled.
Embodiment three:
The present embodiment is substantially identical with the structure of embodiment one, and its difference is:
As Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 jointly shown in, dedusting guard is a cylindrical shell 11, drum shaft to bearing of trend parallel with the vertical bearing of trend of wind scooper 9, and the end face that cylindrical shell 9 is in the two ends of axial direction is the structure of guard 110, and the external peripheral surface of cylindrical shell 2 is enclosed construction.
Rotating shaft 12 is arranged on the center of cylindrical shell 11 and axial arranged along cylindrical shell 11, and the two ends of cylindrical shell 11 are fixed in rotating shaft 12, fan blade 13 to be arranged in rotating shaft 12 and to be positioned at the inside of cylindrical shell 11, first hairbrush 14 is arranged in the surrounding of barrel end guard 110, and tangent with the end face of guard 110.
Certainly also can be provided with above-mentioned second hairbrush at cylindrical shell 11 and the opening part of wind scooper 9, the arrangement of this second hairbrush can extend along the circumferencial direction of cylindrical shell 11 to be arranged.
Embodiment four:
The present embodiment is substantially identical with the structure of embodiment three, and its difference is:
As Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 jointly shown in, axial arranged on the outer surface that rotating shaft 12 is fixedly installed on cylindrical shell 11 and along cylindrical shell 11.
Embodiment three with reference to the course of work of above-described embodiment one with embodiment two, can repeat at this no longer one by one with the operation principle of embodiment four.
The invention also discloses a kind of harvester, this harvester has radiator air dust arrester described above, and induced-draught fan is the radiator fan of harvester engine.Radiator air dust arrester is utilized on harvester, the serviceability of engine complete machine all parts can be improved better.
Certainly, above-mentioned radiator air dust arrester also can be used in the hydraulic system of the condenser of air-conditioning, evaporimeter or other agricultural equipments.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present utility model; not in order to limit the utility model; all do within spirit of the present utility model and principle any amendment, equivalent to replace and improvement etc., all should be included within protection domain of the present utility model.
Claims (10)
1. radiator air dust arrester, it is characterized in that, comprise one vertically to arrange and the wind scooper of upper end open, the side of described wind scooper offers air outlet, when being installed on equipment, described air outlet is positioned at the side away from induced-draught fan of radiator, the upper end open place correspondence of described wind scooper is provided with a dedusting guard, and described basket strainer covers the upper end open covering described wind scooper, and the air intake place of described dedusting guard is provided with the first hairbrush for removing described dedusting guard;
Described dedusting guard is arranged in a rotating shaft, and described rotating shaft is provided with the fan blade of the pressure differential produced by described induced-draught fan.
2. radiator air dust arrester according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described dedusting guard is a cylindrical shell, described drum shaft to bearing of trend vertical with the vertical bearing of trend of described wind scooper, and the two ends that described cylindrical shell is in axial direction are all closed, the external peripheral surface of described cylindrical shell is net cover structure.
3. radiator air dust arrester according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described rotating shaft is arranged on the center of described cylindrical shell and axial arranged along described cylindrical shell, and the two ends of described cylindrical shell are fixed in described rotating shaft.
4. radiator air dust arrester according to claim 2, is characterized in that, axial arranged on the outer surface that described rotating shaft is fixedly installed on described cylindrical shell and along described cylindrical shell.
5. radiator air dust arrester according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described drum shaft to two ends be fixed with the second hairbrush respectively, and described second hairbrush abuts on the end face of corresponding cylindrical shell respectively, described second hairbrush all extends to the position of described wind scooper opening part, and described second hairbrush forms the hermetically-sealed construction in described cylindrical shell and described wind scooper opening part gap respectively.
6. radiator air dust arrester according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described dedusting guard is a cylindrical shell, described drum shaft to bearing of trend parallel with the vertical bearing of trend of described wind scooper, and the end face that described cylindrical shell is in the two ends of axial direction is net cover structure, the external peripheral surface of described cylindrical shell is enclosed construction.
7. radiator air dust arrester according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described rotating shaft is arranged on the center of described cylindrical shell and axial arranged along described cylindrical shell, and the two ends of described cylindrical shell are fixed in described rotating shaft.
8. radiator air dust arrester according to claim 6, is characterized in that, axial arranged on the outer surface that described rotating shaft is fixedly installed on described cylindrical shell and along described cylindrical shell.
9. radiator air dust arrester according to claim 1, is characterized in that, is also provided with screen pack in described wind scooper.
10. harvester, comprise heat abstractor, described heat abstractor comprises radiator and is arranged at the induced-draught fan of described radiator side, it is characterized in that, described radiator is provided with the radiator air dust arrester described in the arbitrary claim of claim 1 to 9 away from the side of described induced-draught fan.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520737063.5U CN205055696U (en) | 2015-09-22 | 2015-09-22 | Radiator air dust collector and harvester |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520737063.5U CN205055696U (en) | 2015-09-22 | 2015-09-22 | Radiator air dust collector and harvester |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN205055696U true CN205055696U (en) | 2016-03-02 |
Family
ID=55382300
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520737063.5U Withdrawn - After Issue CN205055696U (en) | 2015-09-22 | 2015-09-22 | Radiator air dust collector and harvester |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN205055696U (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105126493A (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2015-12-09 | 福田雷沃国际重工股份有限公司 | Air dust removal device for radiator and harvester |
| CN105910177A (en) * | 2016-05-08 | 2016-08-31 | 刘进 | Air conditioner |
-
2015
- 2015-09-22 CN CN201520737063.5U patent/CN205055696U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105126493A (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2015-12-09 | 福田雷沃国际重工股份有限公司 | Air dust removal device for radiator and harvester |
| CN105910177A (en) * | 2016-05-08 | 2016-08-31 | 刘进 | Air conditioner |
| CN105910177B (en) * | 2016-05-08 | 2019-02-05 | 广州市特滤净化设备有限公司 | A kind of air conditioner |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN203564894U (en) | Air dust collecting device of radiator of harvester | |
| CN106122054A (en) | A kind of anticlogging mine ventilation machine | |
| CN105126493A (en) | Air dust removal device for radiator and harvester | |
| CN205055696U (en) | Radiator air dust collector and harvester | |
| CN107195833A (en) | A kind of battery truck heat dissipation of lithium battery device | |
| CN108980927B (en) | Smoke exhaust ventilator | |
| CN102221018A (en) | Energy-saving sound-proofing centrifugal fan set | |
| CN115693420A (en) | Distributed Internet of things power management device based on block chain | |
| CN103027638B (en) | Dust collector with independent internal ventilating system | |
| CN100523624C (en) | Cooker hood | |
| CN205461407U (en) | Collection dirt exhaust device of desiccator | |
| CN202545004U (en) | Cooling system capable of automatically removing air inlet debris | |
| CN106762722A (en) | Produce the air intake device and dust catcher or lampblack absorber with it of air stream | |
| CN206017206U (en) | A kind of anticlogging mine ventilation machine | |
| CN215719601U (en) | High-pressure centrifugal fan is carried to material of two air-outs | |
| CN205848040U (en) | Harvester water tank Unpowered dust collector | |
| CN103362630A (en) | Automatic air intake sundry clearing cooling system | |
| CN209134231U (en) | A kind of cooling fan of motor | |
| CN206668390U (en) | A kind of multi-purpose vehicle(MPV) water tank | |
| CN208493595U (en) | A kind of dust-proof air duct of pyrolysis machine | |
| CN106215605B (en) | Harvester air cleaning unit | |
| CN103055631B (en) | The cleaning plant of dedusting filter cylinder | |
| CN206222421U (en) | Produce the air intake device and dust catcher or lampblack absorber with it of air stream | |
| CN205090487U (en) | Air conditioner internal unit for shielding cabinet | |
| CN216569752U (en) | Change-over valve and dust catcher |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned | ||
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |
Granted publication date: 20160302 Effective date of abandoning: 20171027 |