CN204776020U - Unmanned vehicles with many rotors of major -minor structure - Google Patents

Unmanned vehicles with many rotors of major -minor structure Download PDF

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Publication number
CN204776020U
CN204776020U CN201520492480.8U CN201520492480U CN204776020U CN 204776020 U CN204776020 U CN 204776020U CN 201520492480 U CN201520492480 U CN 201520492480U CN 204776020 U CN204776020 U CN 204776020U
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China
Prior art keywords
rotor
main rotor
secondary rotor
main
unmanned vehicle
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN201520492480.8U
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘杨
丁毅
谢晓虎
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Wuhu Wanhu Aerospace Science & Technology Co Ltd
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Wuhu Wanhu Aerospace Science & Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

The utility model discloses an unmanned vehicles with many rotors of major -minor structure, including fuselage (3), driving system, transmission system, N vice rotor axle (5) and N vice rotor (2), driving system is located the fuselage, vice rotor axle along the circumference interval install on the outer wall of fuselage and a N pair rotor position of axle in same horizontal plane, vice rotor is installed on vice rotor the tip of the axis, transmission system lays in vice rotor axle to the other end links to each other with vice rotor in order can drive vice rotor rotation transmission system one end with driving system is continuous, still include main rotor (1) and main rotor axle (4), the main rotor axle is vertical to be installed in the top of fuselage, and the main rotor is installed in main rotor crown of roll portion to the main rotor links to each other so that the main rotor can rotate with transmission system, and wherein, N is for being not less than 3 positive integer. This unmanned vehicles load is big, the voyage is long, the ceiling is high to the gesture is easily controlled, is hovered reliable and stablely.

Description

There is the unmanned vehicle of the many rotor structures of major-minor
Technical field
The utility model relates to aircraft field, particularly, relates to a kind of unmanned vehicle with the many rotor structures of major-minor.
Background technology
The unmanned vehicle that manoevreability is higher, mainly contains single main rotor depopulated helicopter and multi-rotor aerocraft at present.Both technology are all very ripe, but respectively have merits and faults.
The load of many rotor unmanned aircrafts is less, because do not have displacement system, relies on motor speed change change each Rotor thrust thus control attitude.In order to reach stable gesture stability effect, use shorter rigid rotor, quality is little, and its rotor inertia is also less, thus obtains motor speed response quickly, and fuselage shaking is also less.Therefore many rotor unmanned aircrafts are easy to control attitude, and hovering is stable, and wind loading rating is strong, and its flight control program also more easily realizes.Many rotor unmanned aircrafts market development domestic is at present rapid, and flight control program is also very ripe.But less rotor makes the thrust of many rotors less, and load is very little, be difficult to carry large-scale task device.Simultaneously electrical motor needs Power supply, present stage the energy density of battery far can not compare with fuel engines.Thus bring larger fuselage load, reduce mission payload further.Owing to not having displacement system, many rotors cannot carry out the flare maneuver of inverted flight one class, landing of also cannot spinning, if aerial et out of order, and can direct air crash.
Single main rotor depopulated helicopter reaches change thrust by regulating pitch, and gyroplane rotate speed change is less, does not therefore need the problem considering rotating speed response.Larger screw propeller can be used to provide high thrust, have very large load.But single main rotor unmanned owner oar rotates the antagonistic force brought needs to add tail-rotor or coaxial oar and balance.If tail-rotor then can consume the power of a part of driving engine.If coaxial double-rotary wing, then design more complicated.And in steadily hovering and wind loading rating, although flapping hinge overcomes nutating, but still there is precession.Therefore during hovering flight, location is unstable, and easily produce horizontal cross drift, anti-Wind Sounding Capability is limited.And the aerodynamic force both sides overbalance that during flight forward, rotor face is subject to, easily unbalance when meeting strong reverse Transitional And Turbulent Flow wind.Consider, helicopter only regulates attitude with one or two screw propeller on principle of design, and difficulty is higher compared with using the multi-rotor aerocraft of multiple rotor.Therefore the flight control system of helicopter is more complicated, and cost is higher.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of unmanned vehicle with the many rotor structures of major-minor, and this has, and the unmanned vehicle load of the many rotor structures of major-minor is large, voyage is long, ceiling is high, and attitude be easy to control, hover reliable and stable.
To achieve these goals, the utility model provides a kind of unmanned vehicle with the many rotor structures of major-minor, comprise fuselage, power system, driving system, N number of secondary rotor shaft and N number of secondary rotor, power system is positioned at fuselage, secondary rotor shaft circumferentially interval be installed on fuselage outer wall on and N number of secondary rotor shaft be located in the same horizontal plane, secondary rotor is installed on secondary rotor the tip of the axis, driving system is laid in secondary rotor shaft, and driving system one end is connected with power system and the other end is connected to drive secondary rotor rotational with secondary rotor; Also comprise main rotor and main rotor shaft, main rotor shaft is vertically installed on the top of fuselage, and main rotor is installed on main rotor shaft top, and main rotor is connected with driving system main rotor can be rotated, wherein, N be not less than 3 positive integer.
Preferably, the blade of main rotor is contrary with the paddle type of the blade of secondary rotor.
Preferably, the blade length of main rotor is greater than the blade length of secondary rotor.
Preferably, unmanned vehicle also comprises the total distance displacement system being arranged in main rotor shaft and in secondary rotor shaft, total total distance can working in coordination with change main rotor and secondary rotor apart from displacement system.
Preferably, under unmanned vehicle is in jacking condition, secondary rotor and main rotor are all at horizontal rotation in surface and hand of rotation is contrary.
Preferably, the propeller hub place of main rotor and/or the propeller hub place of secondary rotor are provided with flapping hinge.
Preferably, the propeller hub place of main rotor and/or the propeller hub place of secondary rotor are also provided with the damper matched with flapping hinge, and the two ends of damper connect flapping hinge and propeller hub respectively.
Preferably, lead lag hinge is provided with between the blade of flapping hinge and main rotor and/or the blade of secondary rotor.
Preferably, driving system comprises main reduction gear, main reduction gear input shaft, supplementary reduction input shaft and supplementary reduction, and driving system can drive main rotor to rotate by main reduction gear input shaft and main reduction gear successively; Further, driving system also can drive secondary rotor wing rotation by supplementary reduction input shaft, supplementary reduction successively.
According to technique scheme, the utility model adopts N number of size to be less than the secondary rotor of level of main rotor, and compared with many rotor unmanned aircrafts, main rotor size is comparatively large, has higher lift efficiency; And compared with single rotor band tail-rotor depopulated helicopter, when having identical main oar lift efficiency, secondary rotor also can provide extra auxiliary lifting when balancing main oar moment of torsion; Thus solve the low problem of traditional depopulated helicopter lift efficiency.Meanwhile, N number of secondary rotor also under the collaborative manipulation of flight control system, can improve hoverning stability, increases anti-Transitional And Turbulent Flow wind and crosswind ability.
Other feature and advantage of the present utility model are described in detail in detailed description of the invention part subsequently.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing is used to provide further understanding of the present utility model, and forms a part for specification sheets, is used from explanation the utility model, but does not form restriction of the present utility model with detailed description of the invention one below.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation according to the unmanned vehicle (during N=4) with the many rotor structures of major-minor in preferred implementation of the present utility model.
Description of reference numerals
The secondary rotor of 1-main rotor 2-
3-fuselage 4-main rotor shaft
The secondary rotor shaft of 5-
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, detailed description of the invention of the present utility model is described in detail.Should be understood that, detailed description of the invention described herein, only for instruction and explanation of the utility model, is not limited to the utility model.
In the utility model, when not doing contrary explanation, the nouns of locality be included in term such as " upper and lower, inside and outside " only represents the orientation of this term under normal service condition, or being commonly called as those skilled in the art's understanding, and should not be considered as the restriction to this term.
See Fig. 1, the utility model provides a kind of unmanned vehicle with the many rotor structures of major-minor, comprise fuselage 3, power system, driving system, N number of secondary rotor shaft 5 and N number of secondary rotor 2, power system is positioned at fuselage 3, secondary rotor shaft 5 circumferentially interval be installed on fuselage 3 outer wall on and N number of secondary rotor shaft 5 be located in the same horizontal plane, secondary rotor 2 is installed on the end of secondary rotor shaft 5, driving system is laid in secondary rotor shaft, and driving system one end is connected with power system and the other end is connected to drive secondary rotor 2 to rotate with secondary rotor 2; Also comprise main rotor 1 and main rotor shaft 4, main rotor shaft 4 is vertically installed on the top of fuselage 3, and main rotor 1 is installed on main rotor shaft 4 top, and main rotor 1 is connected with driving system main rotor 1 can be rotated, wherein, N be not less than 3 positive integer.
By technique scheme, this unmanned vehicle adopts N number of size to be less than the secondary rotor 2 of level of main rotor 1, and compared with many rotor unmanned aircrafts, main rotor 1 size is comparatively large, has higher lift efficiency; And compared with single rotor band tail-rotor depopulated helicopter, when having identical main oar lift efficiency, secondary rotor 2 also can provide extra auxiliary lifting when balancing main rotor 1 moment of torsion; Thus solve the low problem of traditional depopulated helicopter lift efficiency.Meanwhile, N number of secondary rotor 2 also under the collaborative manipulation of flight control system, can improve hoverning stability, increases anti-Transitional And Turbulent Flow wind and crosswind ability.
In the present embodiment, in order to improve stability during unmanned vehicle flight, make secondary rotor 2 can balance main rotor 1 and rotate the antagonistic force brought, preferably, the blade of main rotor 1 is contrary with the paddle type of the blade of secondary rotor 2.And time preferably under unmanned vehicle is in jacking condition, secondary rotor 2 and main rotor 1 are all at horizontal rotation in surface and hand of rotation is contrary.
When unmanned vehicle flies, in order to the lift making main rotor 1 can provide enough large, the blade length of preferred main rotor 1 is greater than the blade length of secondary rotor 2.Like this, when main rotor 1 rotates, just can provide larger lift, improve the load-carrying capacity of whole unmanned vehicle.
In addition; unmanned vehicle is in flight course; can carry out according to actual needs being elevated, hover or course deflection, all around operation such as mobile; in order to realize this technique effect; make the flight of unmanned vehicle more flexible and changeable; preferably, unmanned vehicle also comprises the total distance displacement system being arranged in main rotor shaft 4 and in secondary rotor shaft 5, total total distance can working in coordination with change main rotor 1 and secondary rotor 2 apart from displacement system.Total distance, is also pitch, is the blade square section line of centers of aircraft rotor and horizontal angle angle.Like this, by total apart from displacement system change major-minor rotor total apart from making depopulated helicopter be elevated, hovering, by collaborative change main rotor and each secondary rotor, total apart from making, depopulated helicopter course deflects, back and forth or left and right is moved.
In above-mentioned flight course, when determining that main rotor is A, before secondary rotor B, C, D, E direction is respectively unmanned vehicle, left, rear, right four direction direction time, secondary rotor B, C, D, E are contrary with the paddle type of main rotor A and turn on the contrary, by coordinating rotating speed and the pitch of major-minor rotor, the reactive torque that the reactive torque that main rotor A can be made to produce and secondary rotor B, C, D, E produce balances mutually.Because main rotor A is for providing prevailing lift during flight, secondary rotor B, C provide auxiliary lifting during flight, the total distance changing main rotor A and secondary rotor B, C, D, E is worked in coordination with by flight control system, make at secondary rotor B, D always apart from identical, secondary rotor C, E are always apart from identical, and when major-minor antitorque of rotor balance, change the resultant lift of unmanned vehicle, realize when fuselage balance and steady Vertical Square hovering upwards and elevating control.
In gesture stability and TRAJECTORY CONTROL process, keep main rotor A and secondary rotor C, E always apart from constant, reduce total distance of secondary rotor B, increase total distance of secondary rotor D, to bow moment before can producing when keeping lift balance and course equilibrium of torques, unmanned vehicle leans forward also flight forward; Otherwise reducing total distance of secondary rotor D, increase total distance of secondary rotor B, can produce layback moment when keeping lift balance and course equilibrium of torques, unmanned vehicle layback is also flown backward.Keep main rotor A and secondary rotor B, D always apart from constant, reduce total distance of secondary rotor C, increase total distance of secondary rotor E, can produce negative rolling moment when keeping lift balance and course equilibrium of torques, unmanned vehicle rolls left to turn and also flies left; Otherwise reduce total distance of secondary rotor E, increase total distance of secondary rotor C, can produce positive rolling moment when keeping lift balance and course equilibrium of torques, the right rolling of unmanned vehicle is also flown to the right.Increasing total distance of secondary rotor B, C, D, E, reduce total distance of main rotor A, when keeping lift balance, the driftage control torque identical with center rotor A hand of rotation can be produced; Otherwise, reducing total distance of secondary rotor B, C, D, E, increase total distance of main rotor A, when keeping lift balance, the driftage control torque contrary with center rotor A hand of rotation can be produced; Thus the course of helicopter can be controlled.
In unmanned vehicle flight course, when wind surface becomes 90 degree of angle hourly velocity to be V+W with blade, be V-W (V is blade circumferential velocity, and W is wind speed) when becoming 270 degree of angles with blade.Learn thus blade rotate a circle stressed be uneven, easily like this cause flight unstable, in order to solve this technical matters, preferably, the propeller hub place of main rotor 1 and/or the propeller hub place of secondary rotor 2 are provided with flapping hinge.In order to optimize the regulating action of flapping hinge further, the propeller hub place of preferred main rotor 1 and/or the propeller hub place of secondary rotor 2 are also provided with the damper matched with flapping hinge, and the two ends of damper connect flapping hinge and propeller hub respectively.Adopt this structure after blade rises, under the effect of flapping hinge angle, the angle of attack reduces (pitch reduction), and blade lift starts to reduce, and blade declines.Otherwise blade declines, the angle of attack increases, and lift rises, and blade starts to rise.
In present embodiment, in order to optimize the flight safety of this unmanned vehicle, prevent main rotor 1 and/or secondary rotor 2 impaired, preferably, between the blade of flapping hinge and main rotor 1 and/or the blade of secondary rotor 2, be provided with lead lag hinge.Like this, lead lag hinge utilizes resistance when moving ahead to increase, blade is made naturally to increase sweepback angle (i.e. so-called " delayed ", because blade cireular frequency is in a rotational direction lower than the rotative speed in the center of circle), this also in a disguised form increases the length of blade section in the direction of the air flow, strengthens the effect reducing the angle of attack; When rear row, resistance reduces, the normal position that damper (being equivalent to spring) makes blade recover.
In addition, for ease of controlling the rotative speed of main rotor 1 and secondary rotor 2 respectively, preferably, driving system comprises main reduction gear, main reduction gear input shaft, supplementary reduction input shaft and supplementary reduction, and driving system can drive main rotor 1 to rotate by main reduction gear input shaft and main reduction gear successively; Further, driving system also can drive secondary rotor 2 to rotate by supplementary reduction input shaft, supplementary reduction successively.
Below preferred implementation of the present utility model is described by reference to the accompanying drawings in detail; but; the utility model is not limited to the detail in above-mentioned embodiment; within the scope of technical conceive of the present utility model; can carry out multiple simple variant to the technical solution of the utility model, these simple variant all belong to protection domain of the present utility model.
It should be noted that in addition, each concrete technical characteristic described in above-mentioned detailed description of the invention, in reconcilable situation, can be combined by any suitable mode, in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the utility model illustrates no longer separately to various possible array mode.
In addition, also can carry out combination in any between various different embodiment of the present utility model, as long as it is without prejudice to thought of the present utility model, it should be considered as content disclosed in the utility model equally.

Claims (9)

1. one kind has the unmanned vehicle of the many rotor structures of major-minor, comprise fuselage (3), power system, driving system, N number of secondary rotor shaft (5) and N number of secondary rotor (2), described power system is positioned at described fuselage (3), described secondary rotor shaft (5) circumferentially interval be installed on described fuselage (3) outer wall on and described N number of secondary rotor shaft (5) be located in the same horizontal plane, described secondary rotor (2) is installed on the end of described secondary rotor shaft (5), described driving system is laid in described secondary rotor shaft, and described driving system one end is connected with described power system and the other end is connected to drive described secondary rotor (2) to rotate with described secondary rotor (2), it is characterized in that, also comprise main rotor (1) and main rotor shaft (4), described main rotor shaft (4) is vertically installed on the top of described fuselage (3), described main rotor (1) is installed on described main rotor shaft (4) top, and described main rotor (1) is connected with described driving system to make described main rotor (1) to rotate, wherein, N be not less than 3 positive integer.
2. unmanned vehicle according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the blade of described main rotor (1) is contrary with the paddle type of the blade of described secondary rotor (2).
3. unmanned vehicle according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the blade length of described main rotor (1) is greater than the blade length of described secondary rotor (2).
4. according to the unmanned vehicle in claim 1-3 described in any one, it is characterized in that, described unmanned vehicle also comprises that to be arranged in the upper and secondary rotor shaft (5) of described main rotor shaft (4) total apart from displacement system, describedly always can work in coordination with the total distance changing described main rotor (1) and secondary rotor (2) apart from displacement system.
5. unmanned vehicle according to claim 4, is characterized in that, under described unmanned vehicle is in jacking condition, described secondary rotor (2) and main rotor (1) are all at horizontal rotation in surface and hand of rotation is contrary.
6. unmanned vehicle according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the propeller hub place of described main rotor (1) and/or the propeller hub place of described secondary rotor (2) are provided with flapping hinge.
7. unmanned vehicle according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, the propeller hub place of described main rotor (1) and/or the propeller hub place of described secondary rotor (2) are also provided with the damper matched with described flapping hinge, and the two ends of described damper connect described flapping hinge and propeller hub respectively.
8. the unmanned vehicle according to claim 6 or 7, is characterized in that, is provided with lead lag hinge between the blade of described flapping hinge and described main rotor (1) and/or the blade of described secondary rotor (2).
9. according to the unmanned vehicle in claim 1-3 described in any one, it is characterized in that, described driving system comprises main reduction gear, main reduction gear input shaft, supplementary reduction input shaft and supplementary reduction, and described driving system can drive described main rotor (1) to rotate by main reduction gear input shaft and described main reduction gear successively; Further, described driving system also can drive described secondary rotor (2) to rotate by described supplementary reduction input shaft, supplementary reduction successively.
CN201520492480.8U 2015-07-08 2015-07-08 Unmanned vehicles with many rotors of major -minor structure Expired - Fee Related CN204776020U (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104973241A (en) * 2015-07-08 2015-10-14 芜湖万户航空航天科技有限公司 Unmanned aerial vehicle with main and auxiliary multi-rotor structure
CN107416196A (en) * 2017-07-05 2017-12-01 南宁学院 A kind of aileron short distance logistics unmanned plane of a main wing four
CN107458588A (en) * 2017-07-05 2017-12-12 南宁学院 A kind of aileron short distance logistics unmanned plane of a main wing six
CN109398686A (en) * 2018-09-14 2019-03-01 上海歌尔泰克机器人有限公司 Rotor wing unmanned aerial vehicle and its attitude control method
CN110562444A (en) * 2019-08-05 2019-12-13 涂名超 Low-altitude composite aircraft

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104973241A (en) * 2015-07-08 2015-10-14 芜湖万户航空航天科技有限公司 Unmanned aerial vehicle with main and auxiliary multi-rotor structure
CN107416196A (en) * 2017-07-05 2017-12-01 南宁学院 A kind of aileron short distance logistics unmanned plane of a main wing four
CN107458588A (en) * 2017-07-05 2017-12-12 南宁学院 A kind of aileron short distance logistics unmanned plane of a main wing six
CN109398686A (en) * 2018-09-14 2019-03-01 上海歌尔泰克机器人有限公司 Rotor wing unmanned aerial vehicle and its attitude control method
CN109398686B (en) * 2018-09-14 2022-11-04 上海歌尔泰克机器人有限公司 Rotor unmanned aerial vehicle and attitude control method thereof
CN110562444A (en) * 2019-08-05 2019-12-13 涂名超 Low-altitude composite aircraft

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CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee

Granted publication date: 20151118

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