CN204761453U - Multi -user quantum key distribution network system based on M -Z interferometer - Google Patents
Multi -user quantum key distribution network system based on M -Z interferometer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a multi -user quantum key distribution network system based on M -Z interferometer, including netted type network structure unit and 4 M -Z type quantum key distribution units, netted type network structure unit includes public optic fibre, wavelength route device and special optic fibre, and a public optic fibre is connected to a port of arbitrary wavelength route device to correspond with other wavelength route devices respectively through special optic fibre and be connected, 4 individual M -Z type quantum key distribution unit all can carry out the intercommunication through netted type network structure unit and other M -Z type quantum key distribution unit through public optic fibre and netted type network structure unit connection, arbitrary M -Z type quantum key distribution unit, has realized multi -user simultaneous communication. The utility model has the advantages that the whole structure is simple it is single, can realize the intercommunication of two arbitrary user to users, it is less that the one way performance is influenced by the increase of number of users, has fine the whole network twine expansibility and security.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to quantum communications and Networks of Fiber Communications field, is specifically related to a kind of multi-user quantum key distribution network system based on M-Z interferometer.
Background technology
Conventional cipher technology ensures its fail safe mainly through mathematical computational complexity, but along with the progress of current computing capability and raising, the fail safe of conventional cipher technology is subject to grave danger.And the fail safe of quanta cryptology technique does not rely on the complexity of calculating, but based on quantum-mechanical general principle, namely can not cloning mechanisms by Heisenberg uncertainty principle and unknown quantum state.Quantum key distribution (QuantumKeyDistribution, QKD) the legal participant being in diverse geographic location can be allowed to share key in the mode be perfectly safe, the key transmitting channel of both sides can be free space or optical fiber, wherein adopts optical fiber to use more extensive as the QKD of transmission channel.
At present, a kind of divide amplitude produces dual-beam to realize the M-Z interferometer of interfering, and clearly embodies the Path Selection in quantum mechanics, in QKD, has important application.M-Z interferometer forms primarily of two pieces of half-reflecting half mirror BS and two pieces of reflective mirrors.Its cardinal principle is: the light from light source walks different path respectively after beam splitting, when the light path light path arriving detector is identical, can produce interference effect.Therefore, in two paths, adding phase-modulator, just produce different interference when converging by the pulse group of these two phase-modulators, thus realize the Path selection in quantum-key distribution.
Described M-Z interferometer is as follows for the state of development of quantum network technology: the B92 agreement of C.Bennett proposition in 1992 realizes by the mode of phase code on M-Z interferometer, utilize an equiarm interference ring, this equiarm interference ring comprises two half-reflection and half-transmission beam splitters (BS) or fiber coupler, lasing light emitter LD and attenuator A, two phase-modulator PM, and the detector APD of Bob end.Wherein the sharp pulse group of LD generation is through attenuator A, and the average photon number that each pulse is contained is much smaller than a photon.By beam splitter, arteries and veins is all assigned to upper and lower two-arm, the phase-modulator of upper arm is controlled by Bob, and underarm is then that Alice controls, and receives both sides' control phase modulator, selects { 0, pi/2, π, 3 pi/2s } paired pulses group phase modulation respectively randomly.At the beam splitter generation Single-photon interference of receiving terminal, result of interference is determined by the phase difference of upper underarm phase modulation, and when phase difference equals (2n+1) π, whole photon enters APD1, and when phase difference is 2n π, whole photon enters APD0.
The scheme of this single M-Z interferometer is not suitable for long distance QKD, it needs to take two common signal channels, and the operational environment of two channels and base attribute (such as decaying, the transmission time) are difficult to be consistent, the actual arm length difference of both sides is difficult to control.
In order to overcome the short defect of single interference ring transmission range, Bennett proposes unequal arm M-Z scheme, namely uses two M-Z interferometers to realize the QKD of point-to-point long distance phase code.
Britain Camb group in 2004 utilize this scheme to achieve QKD experiment that transmission range reaches 122km.System is primarily of semiconductor laser (LD), adjustable optical attenuator (A), phase-modulator (PMaPMb), single-photon detector (APD0, APD1) and four beam splitters at length arm optical fiber two ends or coupler composition.Wherein most crucial parts are phase-modulators, and it carries out phase code modulation to orthogonal two single-photon states, and the encoding and decoding of data use phase information.Sharp pulse group through overdamping is coupled into the interferometer two-arm of Alice end, and photon may walk long light-path 1 also may walk short light path 1, leaves Alice enter in the optical fiber of long distance with afterpulse group, enters long light-path 2 or short light path 2 at random after arriving Bob end.Therefore, pulse group has four kinds of possible paths from LD to arriving at single-photon detector: long 1 is long by 2, long 1 short by 2, short 1 long by 2, short 1 short by 2.Make through long 1 short 2 identical with the light path in short 1 long 2 paths by adjustment PM, the pulse group of this two paths just can interfere.Phase difference is the difference of two PM phase modulation, and this phase difference will determine that single photon enters in APD0 or APD1.By screening and comparison, generate original vol sub-key, then through subsequent treatment, complete once point-to-point quantum key distribution process.Because the optical signal transmission of L ring plastic barrel is completed by common optical fiber, be identical in the light path of public part, the external interference that common optical fiber is subject to also is identical on the impact of two channels, and phase drift is cancelled out each other.Be applicable to very much reaching the quantum key distribution of tens long distances even more than hundred kilometers.
A few class QKD schemes that contrast is more common at present, although use temptation state better invisible as adopted the QKD scheme of the difference DPS of pole weak pulse signal light source, but the fail safe of the zoop that classical strong signal etc. are introduced does not obtain Strict Proof, and very easily by disturbing influence, be not suitable for long range propagation; The QKD scheme of Plug & Play comes and goes light path has natural polarization etc. to affect automatic compensation function, but transmission range and backward scattered technical finesse are challenges; Sagnac ring QKD scheme needs composition annular, limits transmission range greatly and is subject to photon beam splitting Trojan attack; Utilize the single photon QKD scheme of the M-Z type of phase-modulator, both can not be subject to the impact of birefringence effect, polarization mode dispersion is simultaneously also insensitive.
And light path outside interferometer is public, transmission stability is relatively good, and the error rate is low, antijamming capability strong, well can realize long-distance transmissions, and its structure is simple, and cost is lower, extensive use in QKD.In reality, the QKD system of two MZ interferometer is along with the increase of transmission range, the susceptibility of external environment condition is too increased, such as variations in temperature and ambient vibration all may cause the generation of phase drift, influential system stability, therefore, acquisition M-Z interfere type QKD system and quantum network system become study hotspot in long distance quantum-key distribution.
Quantum cryptography is because of its absolute security feature, quantum key distribution network is made to become the inexorable trend of quantum communications development, but existing QKD technology is all based on point-to-point link, therefore the resource of point-to-point link how is reasonably distributed, develop into the encryption key distribution of user's multi-to-multi from user's one-to-many simultaneously, by quantum key distribution from an area extension to another one region, strengthen communications security and reliability, the cost reduced when multi-user links is prior art problem demanding prompt solution.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of good stability, and fail safe is high, the low multi-user quantum key distribution network system based on M-Z interferometer that can realize any many-many communication of cost.
The technical solution of the utility model is achieved in that the multi-user quantum key distribution network system based on M-Z interferometer, comprise reticular pattern network structure elements and 4 M-Z type quantum key distribution unit, described M-Z type quantum key distribution unit comprises the multi-Wavelength Pulses generation device, variable optical attenuator, circulator and the non-equiarm M-Z interferometer that connect successively, also comprises the first multi-wavelength single-photon detector be connected with described circulator and the second multi-wavelength single-photon detector be connected with described non-equiarm M-Z interferometer;
Described multiple M-Z type quantum key distribution unit is connected with reticular pattern network structure elements respectively by described common optical fiber, and described M-Z type quantum key distribution unit is used for realizing quantum signal encoding and decoding, both can be used as transmitting terminal and also can be used as receiving terminal;
The pulse group that any one M-Z type quantum key distribution unit as transmitting terminal described exports is input in corresponding wavelength routing apparatus through coupled common optical fiber, then be transferred to other wavelength routing apparatus and corresponding common optical fiber thereof by described special optic fibre, finally output to other as in the M-Z type quantum key distribution unit of receiving terminal.
Particularly, described reticular pattern network structure elements comprises common optical fiber, wavelength routing apparatus and special optic fibre, a port of arbitrary wavelength routing apparatus connects a common optical fiber, and it is connected one to one with other wavelength routing apparatus respectively by described special optic fibre;
Further, described non-equiarm M-Z interferometer comprises the first coupler, the second coupler, long-armed optical fiber and the galianconism optical fiber that connect successively, described long-armed optical fiber is provided with phase-modulator, and described phase-modulator has self-purchased real-time phase detection and tracking compensate function; Described long-armed Fiber connection is between described first coupler and the second coupler, and described galianconism Fiber connection is between described first coupler and the second coupler;
Described first coupler is connected with described circulator, and described first coupler is connected with described second multi-wavelength single-photon detector;
Described second coupler is connected with described common optical fiber.
Particularly, described multi-Wavelength Pulses generation device comprises single light source multi-wavelength pulse laser and wavelength selector, and the pulse group that described single light source multi-wavelength pulse laser exports, after described wavelength selector is selected, is input in described variable optical attenuator.
Further, described first multi-wavelength single-photon detector and the second multi-wavelength single-photon detector adopt the integrated single-photon detecting survey technology of detectable multiple wavelength.
Particularly, described wavelength routing apparatus is wavelength division multiplexer, array waveguide grating, Bragg grating or wavelength-selective switches.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:
1. utilize the single photon QKD scheme of M-Z type, both the impact of birefringence effect can not be subject to, polarization mode dispersion is simultaneously also insensitive, light path outside interferometer is public, phase drift is cancelled out each other, transmission stability is relatively good, and the error rate is low, antijamming capability strong, well can realize long-distance transmissions.
2. in this network configuration, the QKD of two M-Z type meets M-Z type quantum key distribution unit and User control end and both can be used as transmitting terminal and also can be used as receiving terminal, the utilance of the equipment not only improved greatly, reduce communication equipment cost, too increase the interoperability of network, meet the intercommunication between any two users.
3. apply reticular pattern network configuration, all users use point-to-point connection, wavelength-division multiplex technique is used only to need N (N-1)/2 wavelength, this structure saves the number of wavelengths built needed for full-mesh network greatly, decrease the cost of sender unit and transmission channel, can convenient cheap expansion and the intercommunication realizing multi-user.
4. when adding new QKD terminal node in a network, only need the quantum channel set up between this node and wavelength routing apparatus port to be connected, and do not need to set up and so connection between user, there is good autgmentability;
5. no matter how network is expanded, only through two wavelength routing apparatus between any two users, therefore substantially there is not significant change with the increase of number of users in path loss, and the secret generating performance of each user substantially close (supposing that each user distance router is apart from equal) in theory, for communication while realizing between any user provides possibility.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the general frame schematic diagram of the utility model based on the multi-user quantum key distribution network system of M-Z interferometer.
Fig. 2 is the multi-user quantum key distribution network overall system architecture schematic diagram (4 client) of the utility model based on M-Z interferometer.
Fig. 3 is the general frame schematic diagram (multiple client) of the utility model based on reticular pattern network structure elements in the multi-user quantum key distribution network system of M-Z interferometer.
Embodiment
Accompanying drawing, only for exemplary illustration, can not be interpreted as the restriction to this patent;
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiment of the present utility model is described further:
As shown in Figure 1, based on the multi-user quantum key distribution network system of M-Z interferometer, comprise reticular pattern network structure elements and multiple M-Z type quantum key distribution unit, described reticular pattern network structure elements comprises common optical fiber, wavelength routing apparatus and special optic fibre, a port of arbitrary wavelength routing apparatus connects a common optical fiber, and it is connected one to one with other wavelength routing apparatus respectively by described special optic fibre;
Described multiple M-Z type quantum key distribution unit is connected with reticular pattern network structure elements respectively by described common optical fiber, and described M-Z type quantum key distribution unit is used for realizing quantum signal encoding and decoding, both can be used as transmitting terminal and also can be used as receiving terminal;
The pulse group that any one M-Z type quantum key distribution unit as transmitting terminal described exports is input in corresponding wavelength routing apparatus through coupled common optical fiber, then be transferred to other wavelength routing apparatus and corresponding common optical fiber thereof by described special optic fibre, finally output to other as in the M-Z type quantum key distribution unit of receiving terminal.
Particularly, described M-Z type quantum key distribution unit comprises the multi-Wavelength Pulses generation device, variable optical attenuator, circulator and the non-equiarm M-Z interferometer that connect successively, also comprises the first multi-wavelength single-photon detector be connected with described circulator and the second multi-wavelength single-photon detector be connected with described non-equiarm M-Z interferometer.
Further, described non-equiarm M-Z interferometer comprises the first coupler, the second coupler, long-armed optical fiber and the galianconism optical fiber that connect successively, described long-armed optical fiber is provided with phase-modulator, and described phase-modulator has self-purchased real-time phase detection and tracking compensate function; Described long-armed Fiber connection is between described first coupler and the second coupler, and described galianconism Fiber connection is between described first coupler and the second coupler;
Described first coupler is connected with described circulator, and described first coupler is connected with described second multi-wavelength single-photon detector; Described second coupler is connected with described common optical fiber.
Particularly, described multi-Wavelength Pulses generation device comprises single light source multi-wavelength pulse laser and wavelength selector, and the pulse group that described single light source multi-wavelength pulse laser exports enters into described variable optical attenuator after described wavelength selector is selected.Described first multi-wavelength single-photon detector and the second multi-wavelength single-photon detector adopt the integrated single-photon detecting survey technology of detectable multiple wavelength.
Particularly, described wavelength routing apparatus is wavelength division multiplexer, array waveguide grating, Bragg grating or wavelength-selective switches.
During utility model works, the pulse group that multi-Wavelength Pulses generation device in M-Z type quantum key distribution unit described in any one exports enters circulator after described variable optical attenuator decay, and then in the long-armed optical fiber dividing Suo Hu non-equiarm M-Z interferometer equally with the ratio of 50:50 by the first coupler and galianconism optical fiber, to be merged into by the second coupler coupling again after in galianconism optical fiber in described common optical fiber through described long-armed optical fiber and to be input in the wavelength routing apparatus be connected with this common optical fiber in reticular pattern network structure elements, then be transferred in all the other wavelength routing apparatus and corresponding common optical fiber thereof through any special optic fibre, finally output in corresponding M-Z type quantum key distribution unit.Any one M-Z type quantum key distribution unit both can as transmitting terminal like this, again can as receiving terminal.Achieve the networking of any point-to-multipoint, multi-multipoint intercommunication mode can be extended to further especially, and not limit control end be transmitting terminal or receiving terminal, can intercommunication between any two users.Simultaneously between any two users only through two wavelength routing apparatus, therefore there is not significant change with the increase of number of users in path loss substantially, ensure that the stability of system, the fail safe of key, simultaneously deep red low cost.
As shown in Figure 2, adopt a reticular pattern network structure elements and four M-Z type quantum key distribution unit 100 in the present embodiment, for convenience of description, 101,102,103,104 will be designated respectively with four M-Z type quantum key distribution unit herein.The transmit port of described M-Z type quantum key distribution unit 101,102,103,104 is connected with reticular pattern network structure elements 100 respectively by common optical fiber 202,204,206,208.
Described M-Z type quantum key distribution unit 101,102,103,104 comprises multi-Wavelength Pulses generation device 221,241,261,281, variable optical attenuator 222,242,262,282, circulator 223,243,263,283, multi-wavelength single-photon detector 224,225,244,245,264,265,284,285 and non-equiarm M-Z interferometer.
Wherein non-equiarm M-Z interferometer comprises the first coupler 226,246,266,286, second coupler 230,250,270,290, phase-modulator 227,247,267,287, and galianconism optical fiber 228,248,268,288 and long-armed optical fiber 229,249,269,289.
Described reticular pattern network structure elements 100 comprises common optical fiber 202,204,206,208, wavelength routing apparatus 201,203,205,207 and special optic fibre 211,212,213,214,215,216.
Followingly will analyze the course of work of whole system using User1 (101) as transmitting terminal.User1 (101) transmitting terminal produces the pulse group comprising three kinds of wavelength, is sent to three independently user User2 (102), User3 (103) and User4 (104) respectively.After each user receives the pulse that User1 control end sends, as required, paired pulses carries out phase-modulation, according to result of detection obtaining information.In like manner, during using User2 as transmitting terminal, user User1, User3 and User4 are then receiving terminal, and this communication process and User1 can walk abreast as transmitting terminal simultaneously and not interfere with each other, and in system, any two users can realize intercommunication.Pulse transmittance process is described particularly below.
User1 (101) transmitting terminal utilizes the multiple-wavelength laser in wavelength pulse generation device 221 to produce the pulse train with multiple wavelength, and is picked out for other three users by planning requirement by three wavelength pulse strings by wavelength screening washer.Three wavelength pulse strings after screening will decay to the weak pulse punching of single photon level through variable optical attenuator 222.Pulse, after circulator 223, is injected into non-equiarm M-Z interferometer by first coupler 226 of 50:50.So every group pulse group is all divided into equal two parts, and a part carries out phase-modulation by phase-modulator 227 to the pulse train through long-armed optical fiber 229 by through the long-armed optical fiber 229, User1 comprising phase-modulator 227, carries out coding load information; Another part is by the galianconism optical fiber 228 through below, and such two parts pulse has a time difference when coupler 230 exports.
Next stage, first wavelength routing apparatus 201 will be input to through first order quantum channel and common optical fiber 202 from the second coupler 230 pulse group out, then wavelength routing apparatus 201 in the mode of wave length addressing separately, the pulse train of each wavelength is separately through second level quantum channel and special optic fibre 211, 215, 214, arrive next wavelength routing apparatus 203 respectively, 205, 207, specific wavelength pulse train after outgoing outputs to third level quantum channel, i.e. common optical fiber 204, 206, 208 arrive respective user's receiving terminal User2 (102), User3 (102) and User4 (104).
Next stage, for User2 (102), 50:50 second coupler 250 of receiving terminal User2 (102) is entered from the 204 specific wavelength pulse trains transmitted, again pulse component is become two parts, a part is by through the long-armed optical fiber 249 comprising phase-modulator 247, User2 carries out phase-modulation by phase-modulator 247 to the pulse train through long-armed optical fiber 249, carries out phase modulation according to random selected measurement base; Another part is by the galianconism optical fiber 248 through below, and the pulse train at this moment inputting the first coupler 230 has three parts: Part I: twice pulse train through galianconism optical fiber 228,248; Part II: through once long-armed optical fiber 229 and a galianconism optical fiber 248 or the pulse train through a galianconism optical fiber 228 and once long-armed optical fiber 249; Part III: twice pulse train through long-armed optical fiber 229,249.
It is to be noted, the length of the long-armed optical fiber (with galianconism optical fiber) of the non-equiarm M-Z type interferometer of each M-Z type quantum key distribution unit will ensure that high accuracy is equal, to guarantee the stability of interfering, the phase-modulator comprised in described long-armed optical fiber, has self-purchased real-time phase detection and tracking compensate function.In the present embodiment, complete a Signal transmissions and through two non-equiarm M-Z type interferometers, the second part need be only had in the three partial pulse strings that final output obtains: interference event could be occurred through once long-armed optical fiber 229 and a galianconism optical fiber 248 or through the pulse train of a galianconism optical fiber 228 and once long-armed optical fiber 249.This partial pulse is divided into two parts after being exported by the first coupler 246 again, a part enters the first multi-wavelength single-photon detector 244 by circulator 243, another part directly enters the second multi-wavelength single-photon detector 245, finally according to the response record detection event of detector.
When User2 is transmitting terminal, also can realize and the communicating of User3 with User4 with same transmission means, namely in this network system, namely each user can be used as transmitting terminal and also can be used as receiving terminal, and any communication of each user is by unrestricted.
In the utility model, described reticular pattern network structure elements 100 can increase with user's control end quantity and expand.
As shown in Figure 3, described reticular pattern network structure elements can expand to ten users and more users by four users.When adding new user's control end in reticular pattern network structure elements, the quantum channel set up between this user's control end and a port of wavelength routing apparatus is only needed to be connected, and do not need the quantum communications of directly setting up between this user with other all users to be connected, and no matter how network is expanded, only through two wavelength routing apparatus between any two users, therefore there is not significant change with the increase of number of users in path loss substantially.
The announcement of book and instruction according to the above description, the utility model those skilled in the art can also change above-mentioned execution mode and revise.Therefore, the utility model is not limited to embodiment disclosed and described above, also should fall in the protection range of claim of the present utility model modifications and changes more of the present utility model.In addition, although employ some specific terms in this specification, these terms just for convenience of description, do not form any restriction to the utility model.
Claims (6)
1. based on the multi-user quantum key distribution network system of M-Z interferometer, it is characterized in that, comprise reticular pattern network structure elements and 4 M-Z type quantum key distribution unit, described M-Z type quantum key distribution unit comprises the multi-Wavelength Pulses generation device, variable optical attenuator, circulator and the non-equiarm M-Z interferometer that connect successively, also comprises the first multi-wavelength single-photon detector be connected with described circulator and the second multi-wavelength single-photon detector be connected with described non-equiarm M-Z interferometer;
Described reticular pattern network structure elements comprises common optical fiber, wavelength routing apparatus and special optic fibre, and a port of arbitrary wavelength routing apparatus connects a common optical fiber, and it is connected one to one with other wavelength routing apparatus respectively by described special optic fibre;
Described multiple M-Z type quantum key distribution unit is connected with reticular pattern network structure elements respectively by described common optical fiber, and described M-Z type quantum key distribution unit is used for realizing quantum signal encoding and decoding, both can be used as transmitting terminal and also can be used as receiving terminal;
The pulse group that any one M-Z type quantum key distribution unit as transmitting terminal described exports is input in corresponding wavelength routing apparatus through coupled common optical fiber, then be transferred to other wavelength routing apparatus and corresponding common optical fiber thereof by described special optic fibre, finally output to other as in the M-Z type quantum key distribution unit of receiving terminal.
2. as claimed in claim 1 based on the multi-user quantum key distribution network system of M-Z interferometer, it is characterized in that, described reticular pattern network structure elements comprises common optical fiber, wavelength routing apparatus and special optic fibre, a port of arbitrary wavelength routing apparatus connects a common optical fiber, and it is connected one to one with other wavelength routing apparatus respectively by described special optic fibre.
3. as claimed in claim 1 based on the multi-user quantum key distribution network system of M-Z interferometer, it is characterized in that, described non-equiarm M-Z interferometer comprises the first coupler, the second coupler, long-armed optical fiber and the galianconism optical fiber that connect successively, and described long-armed optical fiber is provided with phase-modulator; Described long-armed Fiber connection is between described first coupler and the second coupler, and described galianconism Fiber connection is between described first coupler and the second coupler;
Described first coupler is connected with described circulator, and described first coupler is connected with described second multi-wavelength single-photon detector;
Described second coupler is connected with described common optical fiber.
4. as claimed in claim 1 based on the multi-user quantum key distribution network system of M-Z interferometer, it is characterized in that, described multi-Wavelength Pulses generation device comprises single light source multi-wavelength pulse laser and wavelength selector, and the pulse group that described single light source multi-wavelength pulse laser exports enters into described variable optical attenuator after described wavelength selector is selected.
5. the multi-user quantum key distribution network system based on M-Z interferometer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described first multi-wavelength single-photon detector and the second multi-wavelength single-photon detector adopt the integrated single-photon detecting survey technology of detectable multiple wavelength.
6. the multi-user quantum key distribution network system based on M-Z interferometer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described wavelength routing apparatus is wavelength division multiplexer, array waveguide grating, Bragg grating or wavelength-selective switches.
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Effective date of registration: 20200120 Address after: 510000 Room A105 on the First Floor of Ladder A, No. 11 Ailu Road, Science City, Guangzhou High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province Patentee after: Guangdong Yukopod Technology Development Co., Ltd. Address before: 510006 No. 378 West Ring Road, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Panyu District Patentee before: South China Normal University |