Background technology
Day by day serious at present along with environmental pollution, the requirement of environmental regulation with perform also more and more stricter.N in air
2with O
2chemically reactive and generate NO
xinitial temperature be about 1650 °, when chamber temperature is higher than 1650 °, just have NO
xproduce.For traditional diffusion combustion combustion chamber, the flame front temperature of diffusion combustion mode always equals the theoretical temperature combustion that stoichiometric ratio is 1, its dense or rare and different not because of fuel and the total Blend proportion of air, although this theoretical temperature combustion is slightly different because fuel element is different, but always higher than 1650 °, the thus NO of conventional diffusion combustion chamber
xdischarge capacity is always very high.Modern dry low NO_x combustor adopts the mode of premixed combustion, effectively can reduce pollutant emission.The general principle of dry low NO_x combustor design is: fuel and air are pre-mixed as homogeneous phase, the flammable mixture that dilutes, and make it burn in the mode of flame propagation, so that flame temperature is controlled below 1650 °, thus reduction NO
xgrowing amount.
The danger that of facing in premixed combustion combustion chamber is very large is tempering.Owing to there are some destabilizing factors in combustion process, when flame propagation velocity is greater than the flow velocity of fuel-air mixture, flame can upstream propagate into Fuel-air pre-mixing zone from combustion zone, this can cause nozzle even other structures of head be burned, and then cause gas turbine work to stop.Anti-backfire effective means is very limited, from the open source literature announced at present and patent, mainly contains three kinds of principles: the first reduces tempering by designing suitable structure optimization flowing.The second monitors combustion position in real time by sensor, when there is tempering, realizes the ACTIVE CONTROL to tempering by change combustion mode or change fuel flow path.The third is the hot fuse attribute utilizing material, such as, install thermal cutoff device, and when there is tempering, thermal cutoff device melts, and changes fuel flow path thus prevents going deep into of tempering.For different combustion chambers, due to the specific requirement of nozzle arrangements and function, the use of fireproof tempering device has certain limitation.The first principle can pre-anti-backfire to a certain extent, but prevention of having no idea when tempering occurs.The second principle needs placement sensor, makes the control of combustion chamber more complicated.Utilize the third principle can design easy reliable fireproof tempering device.The such as patent US005685139A of GE company, by the wall thickness reduction by nozzle tip ad-hoc location, when tempering occurs; first thin-walled portion is burned thus changes fuel flow path; fuel flow path changes; correspondingly also combustion mode is converted into diffusion combustion by premixed combustion, tempering is stoped in time.But nozzle tip is burnt in anti-backfire process, nozzle tip is caused to be scrapped.Because nozzle arrangements is complicated, manufacture and maintenance difficulty high, gas turbine user often needs to buy or maintenance nozzle to specific supplier or maintenance provider, not only expensive, and procurement cycle is long.What patent CN203464333 U utilized equally is the third anti-backfire principle, by arrange anti-backfire spout can largely on protect nozzle arrangements, improve maintainability.But nozzle head is by the gross area burnt when these two anti-backfire patents are owing to can not control tempering, thus all accurately can not control the fuel quantity participating in diffusion combustion when tempering occurs, and then uncontrollable pollutant emission and combustion stability.
Therefore, for above deficiency, need to provide a kind of can change fuel flow path and fuel combustion mode when there is tempering phenomenon while and the Fuse Type anti-backfire nozzle of the quantity combusted of nozzle head structure control diffusion combustion can be protected.
Utility model content
(1) technical problem that will solve
The technical problems to be solved in the utility model is: when traditional anti-backfire nozzle can not control tempering, nozzle head is by the gross area burnt, and cause accurately controlling the fuel quantity participating in diffusion combustion when tempering occurs, the problem of the serious and combustion instability of pollutant emission may be there is.
(2) technical scheme
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the utility model provides a kind of Fuse Type anti-backfire nozzle, comprise centerbody, the tip section that described centerbody comprises main paragraph and is connected with main paragraph, described main paragraph is provided with axial fuel passage, described axial fuel passage is communicated with the first fuel outlet, described tip section is provided with fireproof tempering device, described fireproof tempering device comprises the container cavity accommodating elastic component, wrap the fuse of container cavity, upper seal section, lower seal section and the second fuel outlet, described container cavity is communicated with described axial fuel passage, described fuse is all connected with lower seal section with described elastic component, described upper seal section and described lower seal section are fitted for stoping container cavity to be communicated with described second fuel outlet.
Wherein, described main paragraph is provided with the cyclone for making gas produce eddy current, described first fuel outlet is connected on cyclone, described cyclone is provided with the radial fuel passage for being communicated with the first fuel outlet and axial fuel passage.
Wherein, described main paragraph is connected with flange, described flange and described tip section lay respectively at the two ends of main paragraph, described flange offer the fuel inlet with axial fuel passage.
Wherein, described flange offers air intlet, described main paragraph is provided with the first air duct be communicated with described air intlet, described tip section is provided with the second air duct be communicated with the first air duct, the tip plate in described tip section offers the air outlet slit be communicated with described second air duct.
Wherein, described air outlet slit and described second fuel outlet interlaced arrangement.
Wherein, described elastic component is bourdon tube.
Wherein, one end and described fuse one end of described bourdon tube are all fixedly connected with the rear end of described main paragraph, and the other end of described bourdon tube and the other end of described fuse are all fixedly connected with lower seal section.
Wherein, decrement when described bourdon tube is installed is 1 ~ 4mm.
Wherein, the gross area of described second fuel outlet is 20% ~ 50% of the first fuel outlet gross area.
Wherein, described bourdon tube length is 20 ~ 100mm.
(3) beneficial effect
Technique scheme tool of the present utility model has the following advantages: the utility model provides a kind of Fuse Type anti-backfire nozzle, be provided with fireproof tempering device, described fireproof tempering device comprises the container cavity accommodating elastic component, wrap the fuse of container cavity, upper seal section, lower seal section and the second fuel outlet, when there is tempering, fuse is heated fusing, resilient element urges lower seal section is separated with upper seal section, second fuel outlet is communicated with axial fuel passage, fuel is by the second fuel outlet ejection, combustion mode becomes diffusion combustion from premixed combustion, can flame be stoped in time to spread head like this, protect head construction, compared with traditional anti-backfire nozzle, the just fuse destroyed during tempering, do not destroy nozzle head, the fuse that can more renew easily when overhauling in combustion chamber, nozzle can continue to use, greatly reduce the operation and maintenance cost of nozzle, after combustion mode changes, the continuation that can not affect combustion chamber runs, simultaneously, the fuel quantity of diffusion combustion after tempering accurately can be controlled by controlling the deformation quantity of elastic component and the area of the second fuel outlet, thus the situation of burning according to design can be made to carry out, reach the effect reducing pollutant emission and increase combustion stability.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The advantage of the above-mentioned and/or additional aspect of the utility model will become obvious and easy understand from accompanying drawing below combining to the description of embodiment, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the sectional view of the Fuse Type anti-backfire nozzle described in the utility model embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the stereogram of the Fuse Type anti-backfire nozzle described in the utility model embodiment;
Fig. 3 is schematic diagram when tip section normally works in Fig. 1;
Structural representation when Fig. 4 is tip section tempering in Fig. 1;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation that air outlet slit and the second fuel outlet are arranged.
Corresponding relation wherein in Fig. 1 to Fig. 5 between Reference numeral and component names is:
1, flange, 11, fuel inlet, 12, air intlet, 2, cyclone, 21, swirl vane, 22, radial fuel passage, 23, fuel outlet, 3, centerbody, 31, main paragraph, 311, air duct, 312, axial fuel passage, 32, tip section, 321. tip plates, 322. air outlet slits, 323, bourdon tube, 324, upper seal section, 325, lower seal section, the 326, second fuel outlet, 328, fuse.
Detailed description of the invention
In description of the present utility model, it should be noted that, term " " center ", " longitudinal direction ", " transverse direction ", " on ", D score, " front ", " afterwards ", " left side ", " right side ", " vertically ", " level ", " top ", " end ", " " interior ", orientation or the position relationship of the instruction such as " outward " are based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relationship, only the utility model and simplified characterization for convenience of description, instead of indicate or imply that the device of indication or element must have specific orientation, with specific azimuth configuration and operation, therefore can not be interpreted as restriction of the present utility model.In addition, term " first ", " second " only for describing object, and can not be interpreted as instruction or hint relative importance.
In description of the present utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " installation ", " being connected ", " connection " should be interpreted broadly, and such as, can be fixedly connected with, also can be removably connect, or connect integratedly; Can be mechanical connection, also can be electrical connection; Can be directly be connected, also indirectly can be connected by intermediary, can be the connection of two element internals.For the ordinary skill in the art, concrete condition the concrete meaning of above-mentioned term in the utility model can be understood.In addition, in description of the present utility model, except as otherwise noted, the implication of " multiple " is two or more
For making the object of the utility model embodiment, technical scheme and advantage clearly, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the utility model embodiment, technical scheme in the utility model embodiment is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is a part of embodiment of the present utility model, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the utility model, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art obtain under the prerequisite not making creative work, all belongs to the scope of the utility model protection.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the utility model provides a kind of Fuse Type anti-backfire nozzle, comprise centerbody 3, the tip section 32 that described centerbody 3 comprises main paragraph 31 and is connected with main paragraph 31, described main paragraph 31 is provided with axial fuel passage 312, described main paragraph 31 is connected with the cyclone 2 for making gas produce eddy current, described first fuel outlet 23 is arranged on cyclone 2, described cyclone 2 is provided with the radial fuel passage 22 for being communicated with the first fuel outlet 23 and axial fuel passage 312, and the swirler blades 21 described cyclone 2 is also provided with for making air produce eddy current, described axial fuel passage 312 is communicated with the first fuel outlet 23, described tip section 32 is provided with fireproof tempering device, described fireproof tempering device comprises the container cavity accommodating elastic component, the fuse 328 wrapping container cavity, upper seal section 324, lower seal section 325 and the second fuel outlet 326, described container cavity is communicated with described axial fuel passage 312, described fuse 328 is all connected with lower seal section 325 with described elastic component, and described upper seal section 324 and described lower seal section 325 are fitted for stoping container cavity to be communicated with described second fuel outlet 326.When there is tempering, fuse 328 is heated fusing, resilient element urges lower seal section 325 is separated with upper seal section 324, second fuel outlet 326 is communicated with axial fuel passage 312, fuel is sprayed by the second fuel outlet 326, combustion mode becomes diffusion combustion from premixed combustion, can flame be stoped in time to spread head like this, protect head construction, compared with traditional anti-backfire nozzle, the just fuse 328 destroyed during tempering, do not destroy nozzle head, the fuse 328 that can more renew easily when overhauling in combustion chamber, nozzle can continue to use, greatly reduce the operation and maintenance cost of nozzle, after combustion mode changes, the continuation that can not affect combustion chamber runs, simultaneously, the fuel quantity of diffusion combustion after tempering accurately can be controlled by controlling the deformation quantity of elastic component and the area of the second fuel outlet 326, thus the situation of burning according to design can be made to carry out, reach the effect reducing pollutant emission and increase combustion stability.
Preferably, described elastic component is bourdon tube 323, and bourdon tube 323 is fixedly connected with the back segment of fuse 328 one end with the main paragraph 31 of centerbody 3, and the other end is fixedly connected with lower seal section 325; Upper seal section 324 one end is fixedly connected with the back segment of the main paragraph 31 of centerbody 3, and the other end contacts with lower seal section 325 but do not fix.Under premixed combustion mode, the interference fit compact siro spinning technology provided when lower seal section 325 and lower seal section 325 are by assembling; Bourdon tube 323 to certain decrement, due to the restriction of fuse 328, can be in compressive state when initial installation under premixed combustion mode always, and now the second fuel outlet 326 completely cuts off with axial fuel passage 312.When tempering occurs, as shown in Figure 4, high-temperature fuel gas arrives near nozzle tip section 32, fuse 328 fuses, originally the bourdon tube 323 being in compressive state extends and drives coupled lower seal section 325 to vacillate dynamic downwards, thus be separated with upper seal section 324, now the second fuel outlet 326 is communicated with axial fuel passage 312, second fuel outlet 326 is communicated with axial fuel passage 312, fuel is sprayed by the second fuel outlet 326, combustion mode becomes diffusion combustion from premixed combustion, can flame be stoped in time to spread head like this, protect head construction.After combustion mode changes, the continuation that can not affect combustion chamber runs.In addition, the area of decrement when being installed by control spring pipe 323 and the second fuel outlet 326, accurately can control the quality of fuel that diffusion burner participates in burning, thus the situation of burning according to design can be made to carry out, reach the effect reducing pollutant emission and increase combustion stability.The benefit of this design is: can effectively stop when anti-backfire occurs, and not defective nozzle structure, combustion chamber can normally work; Due to the just fuse 328 destroyed during tempering, the fuse 328 that can more renew easily when overhauling in combustion chamber, thus nozzle can continue to use, and greatly reduces the operation and maintenance cost of gas-turbine combustion chamber nozzle.On the other hand, by accurately controlling the fuel quantity of diffusion combustion after tempering, realize the accurate control of the after-combustion to tempering, the discharge of the pollutant that diffusion combustion is brought is controlled.
Certainly, described elastic component can be also other devices, and equally can realize the destination of the application, its aim does not depart from design philosophy of the present utility model yet, should belong to protection domain of the present utility model.
As shown in Figure 3, during normal work, from the gaseous fuel of fuel inlet 11 on flange 1, spray at the first fuel outlet 23 after axial fuel passage 312 and radial fuel passage 312, and mix with the air from cyclone 2 upstream, mist is at nozzle fired downstream under normal circumstances.But owing to there are some destabilizing factors in combustion process, when flame propagation velocity is greater than the flow velocity of fuel-air mixture, flame upstream can be propagated from combustion zone, if prevented not in time, serious nozzle damage accident can be caused.The utility model arranges and comprises one section of bourdon tube 323 in nozzle tip section 32, the fireproof tempering device of a fuse 328 and at least one the second fuel outlet 326, when tempering occurs, high temperature causes fuse 328 to fuse, originally the bourdon tube 323 being in compressive state is stretched to non-compressed shape, second fuel outlet 326 is communicated with axial fuel passage 312, and gaseous fuel sprays from the second fuel outlet 326.Because the fuel flow rate flowing through nozzle is certain, when a part of gaseous fuel sprays from the second fuel outlet 326, in the fuel-air mixture that cyclone 2 produces, the concentration of fuel will decline, flammable reduction.On the other hand, from second fuel outlet 326 spray gaseous fuel and ambient air produce diffusion combustion.The stability of diffusion combustion is better, so the mode of operation of combustion chamber is converted into diffusion combustion by premixed combustion, prevents back fire flame in time to spread head.But diffusion combustion pollutant emission is higher than premixed combustion pollutant emission, in order to reduce the pollutant emission of diffusion combustion as far as possible, need the fuel-air ratio of control combustion room preferably.The utility model can realize the effective control to the fuel quantity participating in diffusion combustion by the gross area of control spring pipe 323 initial compression amount and the second fuel outlet 326, thus reduces pollutant emission.
Under the non-tempering operating mode of smooth combustion operating mode, nozzle except tip plate 321 temperature higher, the general temperature of miscellaneous part is lower, even if so fuse 328 fuse after, the intensity of bourdon tube 323 can maintain the operation of nozzle under smooth combustion.
In order to when ensureing tempering, fuse 328 can fuse smoothly, and can not fuse under nominal situation, the melting range of fuse 328 material is 700 ~ 850 DEG C, and the material of nozzle tip section 32 except fuse 328 all adopts high temperature alloy, normally can work below 850 DEG C.
During in order to ensure tempering, premixed combustion is to the smooth switching of diffusion combustion, and preferably, preferably, decrement when bourdon tube 323 is installed is 20 ~ 100mm; The gross area of the second fuel outlet 326 is 20% ~ 50% of first fuel outlet 23 gross area on cyclone 2.Under fuel-air mixture flammable conditions, the scope of equivalent proportion is generally 0.4 ~ 2, and the fuel-air mixture equivalent proportion of premixed combustion design is generally about 0.5.When the gross area of the second fuel outlet 326 is 20% ~ 50% of first fuel outlet 23 gross area on cyclone 2, fuel-air mixture equivalent in cyclone 2 is dropped to less than 0.4 possibility larger.On decrement when installing by controlling the bourdon tube 323 that presets and cyclone 2, the gross area of the first fuel outlet 23 can realize realizing more accurately controlling to the fuel quantity participating in diffusion combustion, reduces pollutant emission.
The decrement that bourdon tube 323 can bear is relevant with total length with its elasticity, and it is larger that elasticity one fixs the decrement that total length can bear more greatly.In addition, the oversize intensity that can weaken nozzle tip section 32 of bourdon tube 323.Preferably, bourdon tube 323 total length scope is 20 ~ 100mm.
It is to be noted that the utility model proposes a kind of second fuel outlet 326 and axial fuel passage 312 by completely cutting off the implementation transformed between being communicated with under Annealed Strip under normal operation, but it should be noted that other similar transform modes are also within protection domain of the present utility model.
As shown in Figure 5, in order to flame under preventing normal running conditions adheres in nozzle tip section 32, flange 1 is provided with air intlet 12, the main paragraph 31 of centerbody 3 is provided with the air duct 311 be connected with air intlet 12, the tip section 32 of centerbody 3 is provided with air outlet slit 322.Carry out air and flow through air duct 311 by air intlet 12, the air outlet slit 322 in tip section 32 sprays, thus blows clearly tip section 32.During in order to ensure tempering and after tempering, blowing clearly air and not affecting diffusion combustion, preferably, air outlet slit 322 and the second fuel outlet 326 interlaced arrangement.
In sum, the utility model provides a kind of Fuse Type anti-backfire nozzle, be provided with fireproof tempering device, described fireproof tempering device comprises the container cavity accommodating elastic component, wrap the fuse of container cavity, upper seal section, lower seal section and the second fuel outlet, when there is tempering, fuse is heated fusing, resilient element urges lower seal section is separated with upper seal section, second fuel outlet is communicated with axial fuel passage, fuel is by the second fuel outlet ejection, combustion mode becomes diffusion combustion from premixed combustion, can flame be stoped in time to spread head like this, protect head construction, compared with traditional anti-backfire nozzle, the just fuse destroyed during tempering, do not destroy nozzle head, the fuse that can more renew easily when overhauling in combustion chamber, nozzle can continue to use, greatly reduce the operation and maintenance cost of nozzle, after combustion mode changes, the continuation that can not affect combustion chamber runs, simultaneously, the fuel quantity of diffusion combustion after tempering accurately can be controlled by controlling the deformation quantity of elastic component and the area of the second fuel outlet, thus the situation of burning according to design can be made to carry out, reach the effect reducing pollutant emission and increase combustion stability.
Last it is noted that above embodiment is only in order to illustrate the technical solution of the utility model, be not intended to limit; Although be described in detail the utility model with reference to previous embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature; And these amendments or replacement, do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the spirit and scope of each embodiment technical scheme of the utility model.