A kind of traveling-grate stoker realizing the burning of coal partial gasification
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of traveling-grate stoker, is specifically related to one and can realizes the burning of coal partial gasification in the boiler, improve the traveling-grate stoker of fuel tolerance, combustion stability, fuel economy.
Background technology
In first 50 years of 21 century, the development trend of China's energy will based on fossil fuel, and along with oil, the day by day shortage of natural gas resource and further developing of clean coal technology, the importance of coal and status also can promote gradually.The ratio in production of energy and consumption structure according to china natural resources situation and coal, the energy resource structure based on coal can not change within the quite a long time.
Coal burning is the most ancient be also prevailing combustion system is exactly grate firing, and its feature is that coal is placed on fire grate, and form certain thickness fuel bed, fuel does not leave fuel bed in combustion.The mode of moving relative to fire grate according to fuel bed is classified, and grate furnace can be divided into: the grate furnace (as handwarmer) of fixed grate, fuel bed with the grate furnace (as chain furnace) of stoker surface movement, fuel bed along the grate furnace (as reciprocal grate, vibrating-grate stoker) of grate surface movement and and the spreader stoker boiler etc. that combines of fixed grate or traveling-grate stoker.
Wherein, chain furnace is as the topmost type of furnace of grate firing Industrial Boiler, and to have that mechanization degree is high, operation runs convenient, labour intensity is low and efficiency of combustion comparatively advantages of higher, is widely used on the grate firing boiler of 2t/h-160t/h.
But, traditional chain bar oven adopts one side to light solid-fuelled mode and produces heat, the radiation effects caught fire only by high-temperature flue gas above fuel bed and furnace wall of fuel bed on traveling-grate stoker, belong to one side ignition mode, there is reliable combustion stability unlike double-sided ignition, although adopt chimney arch to ensure chain furnace fuel layer catch fire in time and smooth combustion plays an important role, but when fuel value is lower, chimney arch limited use, burning velocity is there is slow in the combustion process of solid fuel on chain furnace, ash content carbon is high, sometimes over-emitting black exhaust, the shortcomings such as efficiency of combustion is relatively low.
Utility model content
In order to solve the problems referred to above that prior art exists, the utility model provides a kind of coal partial gasification burning that can realize on traveling-grate stoker, and then improves fuel availability, combustion stability and the boiler novel chain fire grate for fuel tolerance.
The technical scheme that the utility model adopts is:
A kind of traveling-grate stoker realizing the burning of coal partial gasification, it comprises coal bunker, be positioned at the coal gate on the right side of coal bunker, be positioned at the traveling-grate stoker below described coal gate, front air compartment, be positioned at the fire grate air inlet on the right side of traveling-grate stoker, be positioned at the rear bellows on the left of described fire grate air inlet, rear air compartment, be positioned at the tune windshield plate in the middle of fire grate, air inlet adjustment bar, be positioned at the crosswind case of both sides before and after traveling-grate stoker, to slag tap control lever, to slag tap adjusting rod, to slag tap baffle plate and the driving wheel that is arranged on described traveling-grate stoker, the described traveling-grate stoker realizing the burning of coal partial gasification also comprises the precombustion chamber being positioned at coal bunker, the top of described precombustion chamber is triangular in shape.
The described traveling-grate stoker realizing the burning of coal partial gasification also comprises the steam jet being positioned at front air compartment, and described steam jet is provided with some evenly distributed steam fumarole.
Precombustion chamber air compartment is provided with below described precombustion chamber.
The width of described precombustion chamber is equal with the width of described coal bunker, the front and rear surfaces of described precombustion chamber is connected with the front and back inner surface of described coal bunker respectively, coal bunker inner space is divided into two parts by described precombustion chamber: the left inside surface of described precombustion chamber and described coal bunker forms front coal breakage passage, and the right inside surface of described precombustion chamber and described coal bunker forms rear coal breakage passage.
Top and the surrounding of described precombustion chamber build refractory material, and the side of described precombustion chamber is provided with precombustion chamber exhanst gas outlet.
Described fire grate air inlet, rear bellows, crosswind case communicate.
The described traveling-grate stoker realizing the burning of coal partial gasification also comprises a sealing block, and described sealing block is positioned at described chain fire-gate top and is positioned at both sides, front and back.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are: first, the coal that coal breakage passage front in coal bunker falls can be lighted by precombustion chamber in advance, traveling-grate stoker is formed the coal seam caught fire, the unlit coal that after making coal bunker, coal breakage passage falls is between coal-fired and burner hearth high-temperature flue gas, the igniting of traditional chain bar oven one side is improved to double-sided ignition, ensure catching fire in time of coal, improve coal adaptability; Secondly, in front air compartment, need according to gasification, pass into appropriate air and steam, air contacts with the coal lighted below fuel bed with steam mixture simultaneously, forms water-gas, realize the partial gasification of coal, avoid boiler to occur over-emitting black exhaust phenomenon, the incomplete fuel that gasifies burns away at chain fire-gate rear, can reduce the ash content carbon of boiler; In addition, the steam that steam jet sprays into, can reduce the temperature in coal seam simultaneously, reduces the growing amount of heating power type oxynitrides; Finally, the utility model reduces the designing requirement of chimney arch, thus reduces entreprise cost, is conducive to applying.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the chain fire-gate structural representation that the utility model can realize the burning of coal partial gasification;
Fig. 2 for the utility model shown in Fig. 1 can realize coal partial gasification burning traveling-grate stoker along A-A direction sectional view;
Fig. 3 for can realize the burning of coal partial gasification shown in Fig. 1 traveling-grate stoker in the schematic diagram of steam jet.
In figure: 1, coal bunker; 2, coal gate; 3, precombustion chamber; 4, precombustion chamber exhanst gas outlet; 5, front coal breakage passage; 6, rear coal breakage passage; 7, traveling-grate stoker; 8, front air compartment; 9, fire grate air inlet; 10, rear bellows; 11, driving wheel; 12, rear air compartment; 13, steam jet; 14, precombustion chamber air compartment; 15, sealing block 16, tune windshield plate; 17, air inlet adjustment bar; 18, crosswind case; 19, to slag tap control lever; 20, to slag tap adjusting rod; 21, to slag tap baffle plate; 22, steam fumarole; 23, coal bunker antetheca.
Detailed description of the invention
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, the utility model provides a kind of traveling-grate stoker realizing the burning of coal partial gasification, it comprises coal bunker 1, be positioned at the coal gate 2 on the right side of described coal bunker 1, be positioned at the precombustion chamber 3 of described coal bunker 1 inside, be positioned at the traveling-grate stoker 7 below described precombustion chamber 3, precombustion chamber air compartment 14, be positioned at the fire grate air inlet 9 on right side, be positioned at the rear bellows 10 on the left of fire grate air inlet 9, rear air compartment 12, front air compartment 8, be arranged on the steam jet 13 in front air compartment 8, be positioned at the sealing block 15 above fire grate 7, be positioned at middle tune windshield plate 16, air inlet adjustment bar 17, be positioned at the crosswind case 18 of both sides, front and back, be positioned at the control lever 19 of slagging tap of below, to slag tap adjusting rod 20 and baffle plate 21 of slagging tap.
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, described coal bunker 1 is in vertical shape, and described coal bunker 1 can be hollow cuboid or other geometries.The left side of described coal bunker 1 is coal bunker antetheca 23.Described coal gate 2 is arranged at the right side of described coal bunker 1, and described coal gate 2 is vertically placed.Described precombustion chamber 3 is arranged at the inside of described coal bunker 1, and the top of described precombustion chamber 3 is triangular in shape, builds refractory material at the top of described precombustion chamber 3 and surrounding, thus improves the fire-resistant and resistance to elevated temperatures of precombustion chamber 3.The width of described precombustion chamber 3 is equal with the width of described coal bunker 1, the front and rear surfaces of described precombustion chamber 3 is fixedly connected with the front and back inner surface of described coal bunker 1 respectively, thus coal breakage passage 5 before being formed between described precombustion chamber 3 and the left inside surface of coal bunker 1, coal breakage passage 6 after being formed between described precombustion chamber 3 and the right inside surface of coal bunker 1, described front coal breakage passage 5 does not communicate with described rear coal breakage passage 6.Described precombustion chamber 3 is suspended on the top of described traveling-grate stoker 7, described precombustion chamber air compartment 14 is positioned at immediately below described precombustion chamber 3, described precombustion chamber air compartment 14 provides air or oxygen for the fuel combustion in precombustion chamber 3, the side opening of described precombustion chamber 3 is provided with precombustion chamber exhanst gas outlet 4, and the flue gas that coal produces in pre-burning process sends burner hearth back to through precombustion chamber exhanst gas outlet 4.
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, described steam jet 13 is arranged in described front air compartment 8, described steam jet 13 is evenly provided with some steam fumarole 22, a part of steam that boiler produces or the steam fumarole 22 of steam on steam jet 13 that other modes produce enter into front air compartment 8, then steam and air mixture to be contacted with coal by traveling-grate stoker 7 and form water-gas, complete the partial gasification of coal, make environment temperature reduce simultaneously, reduce the generation of boiler over-emitting black exhaust phenomenon, and reduce the generation of over-emitting black exhaust phenomenon.Described rear bellows 10 are positioned at the fire grate afterbody on the right side of described rear air compartment 12, described fire grate air inlet 9 arranges in the rear on bellows 10, described fire grate air inlet 9, rear bellows 10, crosswind case 18 communicate, described fresh air through fire grate air inlet 9, after bellows 10, crosswind case 8, adjust windshield plate 16 enter into front air compartment 8 with after air compartment 12, then contact with fuel from the below of traveling-grate stoker 7 through traveling-grate stoker 7, thus serve First air and play a part combustion-supporting.The air quantity of each air compartment can control to adjust the opening degree of windshield plate 16 to control primary air flow by air inlet adjustment bar 17.Described tune windshield plate 16 is provided with several, and described tune windshield plate 16 is vertically placed in air compartment, thus can control the air quantity in air compartment, and described air inlet adjustment bar 17 can control described tune windshield plate 16 and rotate, and then controls the air quantity in air compartment.
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, described traveling-grate stoker 7 is provided with the driving wheel 11 being positioned at right side and the driven pulley be positioned on the left of described driving wheel 11, and described driving wheel 11 turns clockwise, and then drives the rotation of described traveling-grate stoker 7.
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, the both sides, front and back of described traveling-grate stoker 7 are provided with crosswind case 18, described sealing block 15 is positioned at the top of described traveling-grate stoker 7 and is positioned at both sides, front and back, described sealing block 15 is near described crosswind case 18, described baffle plate 21 of slagging tap is positioned at the below of described air compartment, one end of described control lever 19 of slagging tap is connected with described baffle plate 21 of slagging tap, the other end of described control lever 19 of slagging tap is connected with adjusting rod 20 of slagging tap, described adjusting rod 20 of slagging tap is positioned at outside, thus pull slag tap adjusting rod 20 time, drive control lever 19 of slagging tap moves, and then baffle plate 21 of slagging tap is opened.After fuel combustion totally becomes cinder, discharge from the tail end of traveling-grate stoker 7, but part is leaked coal and fallen into from the gap of traveling-grate stoker 7 and slag tap baffle plate 21 below air compartment, operating personnel can control Lous coal discharge boiler in outside by operation adjusting rod 20 of slagging tap.Other concrete structures are prior art, therefore do not repeat them here.
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, when described the utility model can realize the traveling-grate stoker use of coal partial gasification burning, first fuel is positioned in coal bunker 1, then fuel glides along the top of precombustion chamber 3 under gravity, due to the triangular design at precombustion chamber 3 top, make part coal enter into front coal breakage passage 5, other enter into rear coal breakage passage 6, and described driving wheel 11 drives described traveling-grate stoker 7 to rotate.The fuel falling into front coal breakage passage 5 has dropped on the left side of traveling-grate stoker 7 and has been positioned at the left side of described precombustion chamber 3, then along with the movement of traveling-grate stoker 7 moves right gradually, and lighted in precombustion chamber 3, carry out combustion reaction with the air or oxygen from precombustion chamber air compartment 14, the flue gas that burning produces is discharged to boiler furnace by precombustion chamber exhanst gas outlet 4 simultaneously.Then along with the movement of traveling-grate stoker 7, the fuel lighted moves to immediately below rear coal breakage passage 6, then the fuel fallen from rear coal breakage passage 6 covers the top of the fuel lighted through precombustion chamber 3, now, fuel has formed stable both sides, lower floor is through the fuel that precombustion chamber 3 is lighted, and upper strata is also unlit fuel.Fuel is after coal gate 2, and the radiation effects that above fuel bed, unlit fuel will be subject to from boiler furnace thermal-flame, thus make the unlit fuel initial burning in top, so, just achieves the two-sided of fuel and catch fire on traveling-grate stoker 7.Then fresh air through fire grate air inlet 9, after bellows 10, crosswind case 18, adjust windshield plate 16 send into precombustion chamber air compartment 14, front air compartment and after air compartment 12, top is entered into through traveling-grate stoker 7 from the below of traveling-grate stoker 7, contact with fuel, play a part as First air combustion-supporting, make full combustion of fuel.Then a small amount of steam that boiler self produces by steam jet 13 is sent in front air compartment 8 by spray orifice 22, make to be mixed into suitable quantity of water steam in the First air in front air compartment 8, air and steam mixture are through traveling-grate stoker 7, with fire grate top, front air compartment 8 place, and the coal lighted below fuel bed contact, complete gasification reaction, form water-gas, reach the object of coal partial gasification.Remaining after coal partial gasification, not have complete reaction fuel, along with traveling-grate stoker 7 moves to the top of rear air compartment 12 place fire grate, has continued the process of burning, and the lime-ash of formation is discharged from the afterbody of traveling-grate stoker 7.The leakage coal fallen from the gap of traveling-grate stoker 7 falls into slags tap baffle plate 21 below precombustion chamber air compartment 14, front air compartment 8 and rear air compartment 12, slag tap one end of control lever 19 is connected with baffle plate 21 of slagging tap, the other end of control lever 19 of slagging tap is connected with adjusting rod 20 of slagging tap, when pull slag tap adjusting rod 20 time, drive is slagged tap control lever 19, baffle plate 21 of slagging tap is opened, and then will leak coal discharge.So far, the utility model can realize coal partial gasification burning traveling-grate stoker use procedure describe.
The utility model is not limited to above-mentioned preferred forms; anyone can draw other various forms of products under enlightenment of the present utility model; no matter but any change is done in its shape or structure; every have identical with the application or akin technical scheme, all drops within protection domain of the present utility model.