CN204450169U - The accurate whole ball numerical control top gem of a girdle-pendant of a kind of follow-on four axles grinds machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses an improved four-axis precision full-ball numerical control honing machine, which comprises a bracket of a full-ball part to be processed, three inclined main shafts and one vertical main shaft at a certain spatial angle, the inclined main shaft and the vertical main shaft Both include a honing head, an elastic holding chuck, a motor and a base, the honing head is fixed on the elastic holding chuck, the elastic holding chuck is arranged on the motor shaft, and the honing head is fixed on the elastic holding chuck, and The motor rotates synchronously, so that the honing head is always closely attached to the whole ball part for grinding. Compared with the original four-axis precision full-ball numerical control honing machine, the utility model has simple operation, low processing cost, and low requirements on the technical level of operators, and is more suitable for spherical shapes with various materials, varieties, specifications, and single-piece small batches. processing, and the grinding precision is high and the efficiency is high.

Description

An Improved Four-Axis Precision Whole-Ball CNC Honing Machine

technical field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of mechanical parts processing equipment, and relates to a four-axis precision full-ball numerical control honing machine for ultra-precision machining of precision full-ball parts.

Background technique

Precision whole ball parts are the basic parts of precision machinery widely used in the field of mechanical engineering. In the machining industry, the traditional precision spherical surface processing method is mostly manual grinding for single parts and small batches, and steel ball grinding machines for large batches of bearing balls. The ball mill consists of two upper and lower grinding discs that rotate relative to each other. Steel balls are placed between the upper and lower grinding discs. The balls roll along the V-shaped groove of the lower grinding disc. The upper grinding disc presses the steel balls for relative rotation and translation movement. Each disc can hold tens of thousands of steel balls. It takes about 20 days to precisely grind a plate of steel balls. With the rapid development of science and technology, there are various requirements for the material, variety, precision and quantity of precision spherical parts, especially the requirements for spherical precision are getting higher and higher, from the previous roundness of 0.001 mm increased to 0.0001mm. Modern whole ball precision machining has formed a trend of high precision, high efficiency, multiple varieties, multiple specifications, and single-piece small batches. The traditional precision large-scale zero steel ball processing method can no longer meet market demand and the needs of scientific and technological development. In this context Under the circumstances, it has become an urgent need for ultra-precision full-ball processing to develop a precision full-ball ultra-precision machining equipment that is suitable for single-piece, small-batch, various materials, various sizes, high-precision, and high-efficiency.

The processing principle of the four-axis precision full-ball CNC honing machine requires that the honing head must have a certain elastic function. At present, in order to realize this elastic function, most of the chucks holding the honing head use elastic metal couplings. During the process, due to the repeated replacement of the grinding head, the coupling is easily deformed and the elasticity is also easy to change, which affects the centering performance of the honing head and reduces the processing accuracy of the spherical surface. The elastic metal coupling becomes a consumable spare part and increases the processing cost. , reducing the processing efficiency. The current four-axis precision full-ball CNC honing machine is composed of four machining spindles, and acts on the spherical surface to be processed at the same time. The loading and unloading parts need to be loaded and loaded by a manual screw mechanism, and the card is returned to unload, which greatly affects the processing efficiency. , It also affects the centering accuracy and machining accuracy.

Utility model content

The purpose of this utility model is to provide an improved four-axis precision full-ball numerical control honing machine with advanced principles, high efficiency, high precision, simple operation, and the ability to process various materials, varieties, specifications, and single-piece small batches. Grinding machine.

The technical scheme of the utility model is as follows: the elastic chuck of the CNC honing machine is improved from the original metal elastic coupling to an elastic clamping chuck, and at the same time, the original manual screw loading and unloading mechanism of the whole ball part is improved to a pneumatic automatic clamping institutions, specifically:

An improved four-axis precision full-spherical CNC honing machine, including a bracket for a full-spherical part to be processed, three inclined spindles and a vertical spindle at a certain spatial angle, and the inclined spindle and the vertical spindle include A honing head, an elastic clamping chuck, a motor and a base, the honing head is fixed on the elastic clamping chuck, the elastic clamping chuck is arranged on the motor shaft, and the honing head is fixed on the elastic clamping chuck , and rotate synchronously with the motor, so that the honing head is always closely attached to the whole ball part for grinding.

In the above-mentioned improved four-axis precision full-ball CNC honing machine, the elastic clamping chuck includes an elastic slider, a honing head bracket, a limit pin and a pressure spring; the honing head bracket is a cylindrical structure with an open front, and the rear The end is fixed on the middle part of the motor shaft; the elastic slider is a sleeve structure with an outer boss in the middle, the front end is fixedly connected with the honing head, the rear end is sleeved on the motor shaft with clearance fit, and the outer boss in the middle is It is socketed in the front end cylinder hole of the honing head bracket with a clearance fit, and an axially long through hole is opened at the position where the honing head bracket is in contact with the outer boss, and the limit pin passes through the The axial strip through hole is fixed on the outer boss, the compression spring is pressed between the honing head bracket and the elastic slider, and the elastic clamping chuck can be used under the action of the compression spring Down, make the honing head move back and forth, and rotate synchronously with the motor.

In the above improved four-axis precision full-sphere CNC honing machine, the bracket is a pneumatic bracket.

In the above improved four-axis precision full-ball CNC honing machine, the motor of the inclined spindle is fixed on the machine bracket, the motor bracket is fixed on the pneumatic slide table, and the pneumatic slide table is fixed on the base .

In the above-mentioned improved four-axis precision full-ball CNC honing machine, the vertical spindle is driven by a precision screw to move axially.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages of:

1. Compared with the original four-axis precision full-ball CNC honing machine, the utility model has higher grinding precision and higher efficiency.

2. Compared with the original four-axis precision full-ball CNC honing machine, the utility model has simple operation, low processing cost, and low requirements on the technical level of operators, and is more suitable for various materials, multiple varieties, multiple specifications, and small batches of single pieces spherical processing.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the utility model four-axis precision full-ball numerical control honing machine;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the honing head elastically holding the chuck of the inclined shaft 1 of the utility model;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the tilting main shaft 1 of the utility model.

The reference signs are as follows:

1. Tilting main shaft one; 2. Tilting main shaft two; 3. Tilting main shaft three; 4. Vertical main shaft; 1-3 honing head bracket; 1-4 limit pin; 1-5 pressure spring; 1-6 motor; 9. motor bracket; 10. pneumatic slide table; 11. base.

Detailed ways

The content of the utility model will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the actual structure of the utility model is not limited to the following embodiments.

As shown in Figure 1, the four-axis precision full-ball CNC honing machine of the present invention is composed of four main shafts with a certain spatial angle and a pneumatic bracket 5. The four main shafts are respectively inclined main shaft one 1, inclined main shaft two 2, Inclined main axis three 3 (not shown in Fig. 1) and vertical main axis 4, the space angle of main axis is designed according to the geometric center of regular tetrahedron and the two lines of four vertex angles, and the geometric center of regular tetrahedron is the whole sphere to be processed center of the ball. The honing heads on the four spindles point to the center of the entire sphere. The rotation speed, rotation direction, pressure and timing mode of the four main shafts are set according to the mathematical model of applied mechanics analysis. The four-axis precision full-ball CNC honing machine can be used for both grinding and honing.

The four spindles all include a honing head 1-1, an elastic holding chuck, a motor 8 and a base 11, the honing head (1-1) is fixed on the elastic holding chuck, and the elastic holding chuck is arranged on the motor shaft 1-6 , The honing head 1-1 is fixed on the elastic holding chuck, and rotates synchronously with the motor, so that the honing head is always closely attached to the whole ball part for grinding.

The honing heads on the four main shafts are pressed to the center of the whole sphere, and the vertical main shaft 4 is driven by a precision screw to feed, and the displacement is Z4. The aerodynamic displacements of the three inclined spindles driven by the pneumatic precision sliding table are X1, X2, and X3 respectively. The three inclined spindles of the same structure are evenly distributed on a 120° circle with each other, and the inclination angle of the inclined spindle is 19.47°. The four spindles The driven honing head encloses the whole spherical part into a regular tetrahedron, and the pressure of four equal grinding heads tightly wraps the whole spherical part. Under the action of displacement Z4 and aerodynamic displacement X1, X2, X3, the function of automatically determining the center of the sphere in four axes is realized. The four spindles are respectively driven by four independent AC permanent magnet servo motors, and the rotation speed, rotation direction, pressure and timing mode of the four spindles are controlled by the DSP control system according to the mathematical model of applied mechanics analysis.

The four honing heads with the same structure on the four spindles are elastically supported by the collet, and the honing head is rotated at a set speed to grind the whole ball part. The whole ball part is moving at a certain speed and six space turns. Due to the adoption of the elastic holding chuck of the utility model to hold the honing head, when the spatial position of the whole ball part changes, under the action of the elastic force of the elastic holding chuck, the displacement change will be tracked in real time, so that the honing head is always tightly holding the whole ball. Ball parts ensure uniform grinding and uniform wear, thereby ensuring spherical processing accuracy and surface roughness.

In Figure 1, the vertical pneumatic displacement of the pneumatic bracket 5 is Z5. In the process of automatically loading the whole ball part, manually place the whole ball part on the pneumatic bracket 5, and the DSP control system will automatically push the whole ball part upwards. To the center of the sphere, together with the grinding head of the vertical spindle 4, the whole ball part is held and positioned at the center of the sphere, and then the three inclined spindles 1, 2, 3 are driven by the pneumatic slide table, and the grinding head of the vertical spindle 4 Hold the whole ball part together with the pneumatic bracket 5, and then the pneumatic bracket 5 returns to the original initial position, and the entire pneumatic automatic loading process is completed. Similarly, unloading the whole ball part is the reverse process of the automatic loading of the whole ball part . Pneumatic automatic clamping is easier to operate than the original manual screw clamping of the whole ball part, with high positioning accuracy, low processing cost, and low requirements for the operator's technical level.

As shown in Figure 2, the structure of the honing head elastic clamping chuck on the four main shafts described in the utility model is exactly the same, here only the honing head elastic clamping chuck of the inclined axis-1 is used for illustration, the honing head elastic clamping clamp The head is composed of a honing head 1-1, an elastic slider 1-2, a honing head support 1-3, a limit pin 1-4, a clip spring 1-5, and an AC permanent magnet servo motor 1-6. The honing head bracket 1-3 is a cylindrical structure with an open front end, and the rear end is fixed in the middle of the motor shaft 1-6; the elastic slider 1-2 is a sleeve structure with an outer boss in the middle, and the front end is connected to the honing head 1-1. Solid connection, the rear end is sleeved on the motor shaft 1-6 with a clearance fit, and the outer boss in the middle is sleeved in the front cylinder hole of the honing head bracket 1-3 with a clearance fit, and the honing head bracket 1-3 is connected to the There is an axial long through-hole at the contact position of the outer boss, and the limit pin 1-4 passes through the axial long through-hole and is fixed on the outer boss. Compression spring 1-4 5. It is crimped between the honing head bracket 1-3 and the elastic slider 1-2. The elastic holding chuck can make the honing head 1-1 move back and forth under the action of the compression spring 1-5, and rotate synchronously with the motor.

The honing head bracket is rigidly installed on the shaft extension 1-6 of the AC permanent magnet servo motor. Under the thrust of the pressure spring 1-5, the elastic slider 1-2 of the honing head drives the honing head 1-1 to press against the whole ball part. Push the honing head 1-1 to the center of the sphere, and the honing head 1-1 is always close to the spherical surface during the precision honing process, forming an adaptive mechanism that automatically adjusts the displacement of the center of the sphere and the negative feedback of the compression spring 1-5 pressure. Track the displacement of the spherical center of the whole spherical part, so that the honing head 1-1 is always close to the spherical surface during the precision machining process. Two honing head slider limit pins 1-4 are installed on the honing head slider 1-2, the honing head slider limit pin 1-4 is limited in the guide groove 1-3 of the honing head bracket, and the guide groove defines The limit pins 1-4 of the honing head slider can move axially along the guide groove, and the limit pins 1-4 of the honing head slider cannot move radially along the guide groove, and can only transmit radial rotational torque to drive the grinding head 1-1 turn.

The characteristic of the honing head elastic holding chuck of the utility model is that when the space position of the spherical center of the whole ball part changes, under the action of the elastic force of the elastic holding chuck, it can track the displacement change of the spherical center in real time, so that the honing head is always tight It is close to the whole ball part to ensure uniform grinding and uniform wear, so as to ensure the processing accuracy and surface roughness of the spherical surface.

Four-axis precision full sphere CNC honing machine The honing machine has 3 inclined spindles and 1 vertical spindle. During the precision honing process of the whole sphere, once the ball diameter is determined, the position of the center of the vertical spindle will be determined accordingly. It will not be adjusted in the subsequent processing, so it is fixed, and the vertical spindle is not moving during the automatic clamping process of the whole ball part. The three identical tilting main shafts are automatically driven by the air slide table, and here only the overall structure schematic diagram of the tilting main shaft one 1 is used for illustration.

As shown in Figure 3, the automatic clamping device for the inclined spindle consists of a honing head 1-1, a processed precision ball 7, an adaptive honing head assembly, a spindle AC permanent magnet servo motor 8, a motor bracket 9, a pneumatic slide table 10, Space inclined base 11 is formed. The automatic clamping device of the inclined spindle is composed of two parts, one part is the spindle shaft system, which is composed of honing head 1-1, self-adaptive honing head assembly, and spindle servo motor 1-6 system; the other part is the pneumatic feeding mechanism, which is controlled by AC The permanent magnet servo motor bracket 9, the pneumatic sliding table 10, and the space tilting base 11 are composed; the pneumatic sliding table 10 of the pneumatic feed mechanism is installed on the space tilting base 11, and drives the AC permanent magnet servo motor bracket 9 along the The inclined axis of the space inclined base 11 is fed, and the pneumatic displacement is X1. X1 is a process parameter set according to the ball diameter of the whole ball part. A limit screw is set on the pneumatic slide table 10, and the limit screw is adjusted to ensure To ensure the accuracy of the pneumatic displacement X1, the limit screws of the second and third tilting spindles must be adjusted to ensure that the pneumatic displacements of the three tilting spindles are X1=X2=X3 and that the ball center position is accurate.

The sequence of parts loaded by the automatic card loading device is:

1. The vertical axis has been adjusted to zero and does not move;

2. The pneumatic bracket supports the whole ball part and the vertical spindle 4 jointly supports and positions the whole ball part;

3. The three inclined spindles are pneumatically fed to the pre-adjusted limit screw position at the same time, and the honing heads of the 4 spindles are elastically clamped with the honing head to jointly hold the whole ball part;

4. Complete the return of the pneumatic bracket to the original position, and the automatic loading of the whole ball part is completed.

The sequence of automatically unloading parts is the reverse process of loading parts:

1. The vertical axis has been adjusted to zero and does not move;

2. The pneumatic bracket rises to lift the whole ball part again;

3. The three inclined spindles are retracted to the original position pneumatically at the same time, and the whole ball part is supported and positioned by the pneumatic bracket and the vertical spindle;

4. The pneumatic bracket returns to the original position with the whole ball part;

5. The whole ball part is removed manually, and the automatic unloading of the whole ball part is completed. This cycle is repeated to realize the automatic loading and unloading of the whole ball part.

The utility model adopts a new honing head chuck structure and a pneumatic automatic clamping mechanism. The chuck structure has an elastic automatic adjustment function, which can automatically track the displacement of the center of the whole ball part, so that the honing head is always closely attached to the whole ball part, ensuring Uniform grinding and uniform wear, so as to ensure the processing accuracy and surface roughness of the spherical surface; Compared with the original manual screw clamping of the whole ball parts, the pneumatic automatic clamping is simple to operate, has high positioning accuracy, low processing cost, and does not require the technical level of the operator. high.

Claims (6)

1. An improved four-axis precision full-ball CNC honing machine, including a bracket (5) for the full-ball part to be processed, three inclined spindles (1, 2, 3) at a certain spatial angle, and a vertical Main shaft (4), it is characterized in that: described inclined main shaft (1,2,3) and vertical main shaft (4) all comprise honing head (1-1), elastic clamping chuck, motor (8) and base ( 11), the honing head (1-1) is fixed on the elastic clamping chuck, the elastic clamping chuck is arranged on the motor shaft (1-6), and the honing head (1-1) is fixed on the The chuck is elastically clamped and rotates synchronously with the motor, so that the honing head is always closely attached to the whole ball part for grinding. 2. The improved four-axis precision full-ball CNC honing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the elastic clamping chuck includes elastic sliders (1-2), honing head brackets (1-3 ), a limit pin (1-4) and a stage clip (1-5); the described honing head support (1-3) is a cylindrical structure with an open front end, and the rear end is fixed on the motor shaft (1-6) middle part; the elastic slider (1-2) is a sleeve structure including an outer boss in the middle part, the front end is fixedly connected with the honing head (1-1), and the rear end is sleeved on the motor shaft (1-6 ), the outer boss in the middle is sleeved in the front end cylinder hole of the honing head bracket (1-3) with a clearance fit, and the position where the honing head bracket (1-3) contacts the outer boss There is an axially long through hole, and the said limit pin (1-4) passes through the said axially long through hole, and is fixed on the said outer boss, and said compression spring (1-4) -5) It is crimped between the honing head bracket (1-3) and the elastic slider (1-2), and the elastic clamping chuck can be under the action of the compression spring (1-5), so that the honing head ( 1-1) Move back and forth and rotate synchronously with the motor. 3. The improved four-axis precision full-ball CNC honing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bracket (5) is a pneumatic bracket. 4. The improved four-axis precision full-ball CNC honing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the motor (8) of the tilted spindle (1, 2, 3) is fixed on the motor bracket (9) , the motor bracket (9) is fixed on the air slide table (10), and the air slide table (10) is fixed on the base (11). 5. The improved four-axis precision full-ball CNC honing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the vertical spindle (4) is driven by a precision screw to move axially. 6. The improved four-axis precision full-sphere numerical control honing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: said motor (8) is an AC permanent magnet servo motor.