CN204448794U - 一种固废物无害化处理装置 - Google Patents
一种固废物无害化处理装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN204448794U CN204448794U CN201520072931.2U CN201520072931U CN204448794U CN 204448794 U CN204448794 U CN 204448794U CN 201520072931 U CN201520072931 U CN 201520072931U CN 204448794 U CN204448794 U CN 204448794U
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- Prior art keywords
- solid waste
- communicated
- oxygen
- air
- combustion gas
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- 239000002910 solid wastes Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000000567 combustion gases Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000006298 dechlorination reactions Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000006477 desulfuration reactions Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 230000003009 desulfurizing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000007789 gases Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000002485 combustion reactions Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 82
- 239000000835 fibers Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002184 metals Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007921 sprays Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002283 diesel fuels Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003054 catalysts Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006148 magnetic separators Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002965 ropes Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005868 electrolysis reactions Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011269 tars Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011819 refractory materials Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 methods Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910002089 NOx Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N HCl Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
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- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound 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OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 bricks Substances 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide Chemical compound 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O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxides Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种固废物无害化处理装置，它包括依次连通的固废物热解气化炉、燃气配氧预混与过滤室、燃气燃烧室、脱氯脱硫烘干装置、固废物预处理装置；所述固废物无害化处理装置还包括与燃气配氧预混过滤室连通的生物质热解气化炉，与脱氯脱硫烘干装置顶部连通的尾气处理装置。利用本实用新型方法和装置处理固废物时，其排放尾气中二噁英的含量经检测低于0.023ng/m3，其它CO、SO2、HC1、NOx等排放指标也大大优于国家于2014年7月1日颁布的排放标准(GB18485-2014)，完全能达到环保要求。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本实用新型属于环保设备领域，具体涉及一种固废物无害化处理装置。
背景技术
[0002] 固体废弃物包括:工业垃圾、医疗垃圾、生活污泥、生活垃圾等，固废物的处理除医疗垃圾已初步实施较环保处理外，剩下的工业垃圾、生活污泥、生活垃圾等都还未环保地处理好，目前大部分实施的方式还是填埋，填埋造成的地下水污染和周边环境污染非常严重，会给当地居民的生活造成很大危害。另一种处理方法就是焚烧，焚烧会产生大量有害有毒烟气和颗粒物，尤其是众所周知的二噁英的排放，更是让人们谈虎色变和产生恐惧感。正在兴起的固废物热解气化技术应该是无害化处理的方向，大量研发人员都在进行技术攻关。然而，目前已实施的技术和产品还存在不少问题，主要表现在:(1)固废物气化后的燃气质量差和热值低；(2)供燃气燃烧的第二燃烧室燃烧不完全；(3)燃烧后排放的尾气很难达到最新实施的国家排放标准(GB18485-2014)，尤其是毒性物二噁英的含量严重超标；(4)气化设备启动、停炉和出现故障时，炉内剩余有害烟气必须排放等。
实用新型内容
[0003] 本实用新型旨在针对现有固废物热解气体技术的不足，提供一种固废物无害化处理的装置，解决固废物气化后的燃气质量差和热值低、燃气燃烧不完全、尾气排放不达标、气化设备剩余的有害烟气必须排放等关键技术问题。
[0004] 为了达到上述目的，本实用新型提供的技术方案为:
[0005] 所述固废物无害化处理装置包括依次连通的固废物热解气化炉、燃气配氧预混与过滤室、燃气燃烧室、脱氯脱硫烘干装置、固废物预处理装置；所述固废物无害化处理装置还包括与燃气配氧预混过滤室连通的生物质热解气化炉，与脱氯脱硫烘干装置顶部连通的尾气处理装置；所述燃气配氧预混过滤室内的过滤室中设有过滤网；所述燃气燃烧室内设有一端敞口的圆柱形金属纤维燃烧器，柴油管和点火器伸入圆柱形金属纤维燃烧器内部；所述燃气燃烧室内还设有平面形或圆弧形金属纤维燃烧器；所述尾气处理装置包括依次连通的脱酸喷淋塔、空气清洁除臭器、除尘器、尾气排放引风机和烟囱，所述脱酸喷淋塔通过排潮通风管与脱氯脱硫烘干装置连通；所述固废物预处理装置包括依次连通的钢丝绳破袋机、振动筛、磁选机、破碎机、滚筒筛和履带式碾压脱水机，所述履带式碾压脱水机与脱氯脱硫烘干装置的进料储料斗连通；所述脱氯脱硫烘干装置的出料斗下方设有将出料送至固废物热解气化炉的出料输送带。
[0006] 其中，所述固废物热解气化炉底部设有固废物热解气化炉鼓风机，固废物热解气化炉鼓风机与固废物热解气化炉连通的管道上设有固废物热解气化炉进风管开关；所述固废物热解气化炉与燃气配氧预混与过滤室连通的管道上设有固废物热解气化炉排气管开关；所述生物质热解气化炉底部设有生物质热解气化炉鼓风机，生物质热解气化炉鼓风机与生物质热解气化炉连通的管道上设有生物质热解气化炉进风管开关；所述生物质热解气化炉与燃气配氧预混与过滤室连通的管道上设有生物质热解气化炉排气管开关。
[0007] 所述燃气配氧预混过滤室的燃气配氧预混室底部设有配氧装置，所述配氧装置包括依次连通的电解水设备、氧气储气罐和配氧装置鼓风机，所述配氧装置鼓风机与燃气配氧预混室底部连通的管道上设有配氧预混室进气管开关，所述氧气储气罐与配氧装置鼓风机进气端连通的管道上设有配氧装置氧气管开关；所述配氧装置鼓风机进气端还与空气过滤器连通，空气过滤器与配氧装置鼓风机进气端连通的管道上设有配氧装置空气进气管开关；所述燃气配氧预混过滤室内的过滤网包括一级过滤网、二级过滤网和三级过滤网；所述燃气配氧预混过滤室的过滤室底部设有焦油储存桶；所述燃气配氧预混过滤室的燃气配氧预混室中设有氧气浓度检测机构，燃气配氧预混室的过滤室中设有CO浓度检测机构。
[0008] 所述柴油管上设有柴油输送管开关，所述点火器上设有电子打火开关；所述燃气燃烧室与脱氯脱硫烘干装置连通处的底部设有冷空气过滤器，冷空气过滤器的管道上设有进空气管开关；所述燃气燃烧室与脱氯脱硫烘干装置连通处内部设有温度传感器。
[0009] 所述脱氯脱硫烘干装置内壁设耐火内衬；脱氯脱硫烘干装置顶部设有脱氯催化剂喷洒机构；脱氯脱硫烘干装置内部设有温度传感器；所述进料储料斗底部设有螺旋输送机；所述脱酸喷淋塔内腔上部设有喷淋机构；所述脱氯脱硫烘干装置通过底座支撑，底座上设有轮带、托轮、挡轮和筒体转动机构。
[0010] 基于上述固废物无害化处理装置的固废物无害化处理方法包括如下步骤:
[0011] (I)将固废物通过钢丝绳破袋机破除塑料袋、编织袋、布袋后，送入到振动筛去除大块不可燃物，接着送入到磁选机去除金属物质，接着送入到破碎破碎成8cm以下的块状物，接着送入到滚筒筛筛掉小粒状不可燃物，接着送入到履带式碾压脱水机挤掉有机物的内部水分，使固废物水份含量由45%以上降低至30%以下后送入脱氯脱硫烘干装置；
[0012] (2)固废物在脱氯脱硫烘干装置中与由燃气燃烧室送入的热风充分接触，固废物中的水分被热风带走并通过排潮通风管进入到脱酸喷淋塔，PVC和PP塑料中的氯离子在催化剂作用下逸出，并与热风中的水蒸气发生化学反应生成HCl气体，橡胶中的硫脱出后与水蒸汽反应生成H2S和SO2气体，HCU H2S, SO2气体随着热风一起被吸入到喷淋塔，脱酸塔内部喷淋机构喷出Ca(OH)2水雾，与热风中含有的HC1、H2S、302反应生成CaCl 2和CaSOjX淀，不含HC1、H2S和SO2的热风再通过空气清洁除臭器，除掉热风中的臭气后进入到除尘器中除掉烟气中含有的微小尘粒，热风在尾气排放引风机作用下通过烟囱排向空中；
[0013] (3)经过步骤(2)处理后的固废物从出料斗排出，并通过皮带输送机送到固废物热解气化炉中进行气化，生成可燃气体，所述可燃气体通入燃气配氧预混过滤室中与进入燃气配氧预混过滤室中的氧气混合，得到混合可燃气体，混合可燃气体经过滤网后进入圆柱形金属纤维燃烧器进行燃烧，未燃尽的可燃气体再经平面形或圆弧形金属纤维燃烧器燃烧；燃烧后所得的尾气被冷却为280°C — 320°C的热风后进入脱氯脱硫烘干装置。
[0014] 其中，所述固废物为工业垃圾、生活污泥、生活垃圾等固废物。
[0015] 下面结合原理对本实用新型作进一步阐述:
[0016] 本实用新型的工艺流程为:
[0017] 固废物通过钢丝绳破袋机破除大小套装的各种塑料袋、编织袋、布袋后，进入到振动筛去除砖土、瓦块、玻璃瓶、水果等大块不可燃物，再进入到磁选机去除金属物质，进入到破碎机将大块煤灰、塑料物、木质物、编织物等破碎至8cm以下块状物，进入到滚筒筛筛掉煤灰、小石子、渣土、碎玻璃等小粒状不可燃物，再进入到履带式碾压脱水机挤掉水果、蔬菜厨余等有机物的内部水分，使固废物水份含量由45%以上降低至30%以下，再通过皮带输送机输送到进料储料斗，在螺旋输送机作用下推到脱氯脱硫烘干装置。物料在脱氯脱硫烘干装置内上、下翻滚与热气逆向移动并充分接触，物料中的水分被热烟气带走并通过排潮通风管进入到脱酸喷淋塔，PVC和PP塑料中的氯离子在催化剂作用下快速逸出与热烟气中的水蒸气发生化学反应生成HCl气体，还有部分硫脱出后与水蒸汽反应生成H2S和302气体，该HC1、H2S, SO2气体随着热风一起被吸入到脱酸塔，脱酸塔内部喷淋机构喷出Ca(OH) 2水雾，与热风中含有的HC1、H2S、302反应生成CaCl 2和CaSO 2盐沉入到沉淀池内，不含HC1、H2S和SO2的气体再通过空气清洁除臭器，除掉热烟气中的臭气进入到除尘器，除掉热烟气中含有的微小尘粒，在引风机F4作用下将经过脱酸、清洁除臭及除尘处理过的烟气通过烟囱排向空中。经过烘干、脱氯、脱硫后的物料被送到出料储料斗，通过皮带输送机送到固废物热解气化炉进行气化。固废物在气化炉内经过氧化、还原、裂解、干燥等四个过程生成可燃气体，该可燃气体经排气管通向配氧预混室。同时，利用制氧机和储氧罐制取的氧气与空气过滤器进入的空气进行混合，在鼓风机F3作用下进入预混室，在预混室内可燃气体与富氧空气充分混合后通过过滤网三级过滤后进入到燃气燃烧室，三级过滤网滤掉的颗粒物自动掉落到焦油储存池。开启开关K9，柴油通过输油管进入到燃气燃烧室，启动电子打火开关K10，点火器自动点火，混合可燃气体在金属纤维燃烧器表面进行燃烧，未燃尽的可燃气体通过平面(或弧形)金属纤维燃烧器时在纤维表面再次充分燃烧，燃烧后排出的尾气温度高达650°C以上，为降低进入烘干窑热风的温度，必须开启开关K4，引入通过过滤网过滤的冷空气，该冷空气与高温热风混合形成约300°C的热风进入到烘干窑内烘干物料。通过氧气浓度检测器和的检测数据调节开关K5、K6、K3和风机F3，以控制和调节氧气与空气的进风量。通过测量温度传感器的数据控制和调节烘干窑的旋转速度。当固废物热解气化炉启动或停止时，开启生物质热解气化炉，关闭风机Fl和开关K1、K8，启动风机F2和开关Κ2、Κ7。这时由生物质气化炉提供燃气，以保证固废物气化炉残余烟气能得到充分燃烧和燃尽，以免对环境造成影响。
[0018] 利用本实用新型方法和装置处理固废物时，其排放尾气中二噁英的含量经检测低于0.023ng/m3，其它C0、S02、HC1、N0x等排放指标也大大优于国家于2014年7月I日颁布的排放标准(GB18485-2014)，完全能达到环保要求。
[0019] 本实用新型的工艺原理为:
[0020] 固废物经过破袋、振动筛、磁选机、破碎机、滚筒筛、风选机、脱水机预处理后变成了含水量约30 %的小块物料，将该物料经过螺旋输送机送到脱氯脱硫烘干装置后，物料含水量在15%以内，并脱掉PVC和PP塑料中的氯离子(Cl2)与橡胶中的硫等有害物质，脱去了氯、硫离子的固废物变成了黑色干燥的小颗粒，将该颗粒投入到固废物热解气化炉内进行气化，气化后产生的燃气进入到配氧预混室与氧气进行充分混合，氧气是通过电解水设备制取，燃气与氧气的混合气体通过三级金属过滤网过滤掉燃气中的颗粒物，然后进入到一级圆柱形金属纤维燃烧器内，并在金属纤维表面进行燃烧，未燃尽的可燃气体通过平板形(或圆弧形)金属纤维燃烧器时，再次在该纤维燃烧器表面进行二次燃烧，经过两次燃烧过的燃气其成分基本为二氧化碳和水蒸汽，以及少部分芳香烃类及氮氧化合物气体，该高温气体和冷空气混合后形成约300°C的烟气进入到脱氯、脱硫及烘干装置，该装置为卧式旋转窑(也可以是立式旋转窑或网带烘干窑等)，约300°C的烟气在窑内与物料逆向移动，物料在窑内螺旋翻转与烟气充分接触，烟气带走物料内水分并将物料烘干。同时PVC和PP塑料中的氯离子在催化剂作用下和橡胶中部分硫在此温度环境中被脱离出来并生成HC1、H2S和SO2气体，随着烟气被吸入到脱酸塔，脱酸塔内HCUH2S和SO2气体遇水生成稀盐酸(HCl)和稀硫酸(H2SO4)，酸洗后剩余的气体经过空气清洁除臭机构去除臭味后进入到除尘器以清除尾气中的细微颗粒，然后在引风机作用下通过烟囱排向空中。
[0021] 本实用新型的技术创新点之一是利用了金属纤维燃烧器燃烧热解气化炉排出的可燃气体，该燃烧器燃烧十分稳定和温度分布均匀，没有局部高温存在，能抑制生成，CO的排放浓度极低，在高热强度(900千瓦/平方米)，CO含量低于50PPm，NOx含量低于120PPm„同时，该燃烧器还具有热强度高、调节范围大、热惰性小、能很快加热和很快冷却等特点。创新点之二是利用烘干窑在烘干物料的同时进行脱氯和脱硫，这样基本上根除了二噁英的产生，也减少了 SO2的生成，为尾气排放达到国家排放标准起到了决定性作用。创新点之三是在热解处理之前对固废物进行预处理，其中钢丝绳破袋机、履带式碾压脱水机、横向与纵向剪切机是最新使用的设备，该设备使用效果好、造价低、维修方便。
附图说明
[0022] 图1为本实用新型固废物无害化处理装置结构示意图。
[0023] 图中:1、固废物热解气化炉；2、生物质热解气化炉；3、燃气配氧预混过滤室；4、一级过滤网；5、二级过滤网；6、三级过滤网；7、燃气燃烧室；8、圆柱形金属纤维燃烧器；9、平面形或圆弧形金属纤维燃烧器；10、柴油管；11、点火器；12、电解水设备；13、氧气储气罐；14、氧气浓度检测机构；15、CO浓度检测机构；16、焦油储存桶；17、空气过滤器；18、冷空气过滤器；19、温度传感器；20、脱氯脱硫烘干装置；21、耐火内衬；22、排潮通风管；23、脱酸喷淋塔；24、喷淋机构；25、空气清洁除臭器；26、除尘器；27、烟囱；28、轮带、托轮、挡轮和筒体转动机构；29、出料输送带；30、；31、进料储料斗；32、出料斗；33、钢丝绳破袋机；34、振动筛；35、磁选机；36、破碎机；37、滚筒筛；38、履带式碾压脱水机；39、底座；40、脱氯催化剂喷洒机构；F1、固废物热解气化炉鼓风机；F2、生物质热解气化炉鼓风机；F3、配氧装置鼓风机；F4、尾气排放引风机；K1、固废物热解气化炉进风管开关；Κ2、生物质热解气化炉进风管开关；Κ3、配氧预混室进气管开关；Κ4、进空气管开关；Κ5、配氧装置氧气管开关；Κ6、配氧装置空气进气管开关；Κ7、生物质热解气化炉排气管开关；Κ8、固废物热解气化炉排气管开关；Κ9、柴油输送管开关；Κ10、电子打火开关。
具体实施方式
[0024] 实施例1
[0025] 参见图1，所述固废物无害化处理装置包括依次连通的固废物热解气化炉1、燃气配氧预混过滤室3、燃气燃烧室7、脱氯脱硫烘干装置20、固废物预处理装置；所述固废物无害化处理装置还包括与燃气配氧预混过滤室3连通的生物质热解气化炉2，与脱氯脱硫烘干装置20顶部连通的尾气处理装置；所述燃气配氧预混过滤室3内的过滤室中设有过滤网；所述燃气燃烧室7内设有一端敞口的圆柱形金属纤维燃烧器8，柴油管10和点火器11伸入圆柱形金属纤维燃烧器8内部；所述燃气燃烧室7内还设有平面形或圆弧形金属纤维燃烧器9 ;所述尾气处理装置包括依次连通的脱酸喷淋塔23、空气清洁除臭器25、除尘器26、尾气排放引风机F4和烟囱27，所述脱酸喷淋塔23通过排潮通风管22与脱氯脱硫烘干装置20连通；所述固废物预处理装置包括依次连通的钢丝绳破袋机33、振动筛34、磁选机35、破碎机36、滚筒筛37和履带式碾压脱水机38，所述履带式碾压脱水机38与脱氯脱硫烘干装置20的进料储料斗31连通；所述脱氯脱硫烘干装置20的出料斗32下方设有将出料送至固废物热解气化炉I的出料输送带29。
[0026] 其中，所述固废物热解气化炉I底部设有固废物热解气化炉鼓风机F1，固废物热解气化炉鼓风机Fl与固废物热解气化炉I连通的管道上设有固废物热解气化炉进风管开关Kl ;所述固废物热解气化炉I与燃气配氧预混过滤室3连通的管道上设有固废物热解气化炉排气管开关K8 ;所述生物质热解气化炉2底部设有生物质热解气化炉鼓风机F2，生物质热解气化炉鼓风机F2与生物质热解气化炉2连通的管道上设有生物质热解气化炉进风管开关K2 ;所述生物质热解气化炉2与燃气配氧预混过滤室3连通的管道上设有生物质热解气化炉排气管开关K7。
[0027] 所述燃气配氧预混过滤室3的燃气配氧预混室底部设有配氧装置，所述配氧装置包括依次连通的电解水设备12、氧气储气罐13和配氧装置鼓风机F3，所述配氧装置鼓风机F3与燃气配氧预混室底部连通的管道上设有配氧预混室进气管开关K3，所述氧气储气罐13与配氧装置鼓风机F3进气端连通的管道上设有配氧装置氧气管开关K5 ;所述配氧装置鼓风机F3进气端还与空气过滤器17连通，空气过滤器17与配氧装置鼓风机F3进气端连通的管道上设有配氧装置空气进气管开关K6 ;所述燃气配氧预混过滤室3内的过滤网包括一级过滤网4、二级过滤网5和三级过滤网6 ;所述燃气配氧预混过滤室3的过滤室底部设有焦油储存桶16 ;所述燃气配氧预混过滤室3的燃气配氧预混室中设有氧气浓度检测机构14，燃气配氧预混室的过滤室中设有CO浓度检测机构。
[0028] 所述柴油管10上设有柴油输送管开关K9，所述点火器11上设有电子打火开关KlO ;所述燃气燃烧室7与脱氯脱硫烘干装置20连通处的底部设有冷空气过滤器18，冷空气过滤器18的管道上设有进空气管开关K4 ;所述燃气燃烧室7与脱氯脱硫烘干装置20连通处内部设有温度传感器19。
[0029] 所述脱氯脱硫烘干装置20内壁设耐火内衬21 ;脱氯脱硫烘干装置20顶部设有脱氯催化剂喷洒机构40 ;脱氯脱硫烘干装置20内部设有温度传感器19 ;所述进料储料斗31底部设有螺旋输送机30 ;所述脱酸喷淋塔23内腔上部设有喷淋机构24 ;所述脱氯脱硫烘干装置20通过底座39支撑，底座39上设有轮带、托轮、挡轮和筒体转动机构28。
Claims (5)
1.一种固废物无害化处理装置，其特征在于，所述固废物无害化处理装置包括依次连通的固废物热解气化炉(I)、燃气配氧预混过滤室(3)、燃气燃烧室(7)、脱氯脱硫烘干装置(20)、固废物预处理装置；所述固废物无害化处理装置还包括与燃气配氧预混过滤室(3)连通的生物质热解气化炉(2)，与脱氯脱硫烘干装置(20)顶部连通的尾气处理装置；所述燃气配氧预混过滤室(3)内的过滤室中设有过滤网；所述燃气燃烧室(7)内设有一端敞口的圆柱形金属纤维燃烧器(8)，柴油管(10)和点火器(11)伸入圆柱形金属纤维燃烧器(8)内部；所述燃气燃烧室(7)内还设有平面形或圆弧形金属纤维燃烧器(9);所述尾气处理装置包括依次连通的脱酸喷淋塔(23)、空气清洁除臭器(25)、除尘器(26)、尾气排放引风机(F4)和烟囱(27)，所述脱酸喷淋塔(23)通过排潮通风管(22)与脱氯脱硫烘干装置(20)连通；所述固废物预处理装置包括依次连通的钢丝绳破袋机(33)、振动筛(34)、磁选机(35)、破碎机(36)、滚筒筛(37)和履带式碾压脱水机(38)，所述履带式碾压脱水机(38)与脱氯脱硫烘干装置(20)的进料储料斗(31)连通；所述脱氯脱硫烘干装置(20)的出料斗(32)下方设有将出料送至固废物热解气化炉(I)的出料输送带(29)。
2.如权利要求1所述的固废物无害化处理装置，其特征在于，所述固废物热解气化炉(I)底部设有固废物热解气化炉鼓风机(Fl)，固废物热解气化炉鼓风机(Fl)与固废物热解气化炉(I)连通的管道上设有固废物热解气化炉进风管开关(Kl);所述固废物热解气化炉(I)与燃气配氧预混过滤室(3)连通的管道上设有固废物热解气化炉排气管开关(K8);所述生物质热解气化炉(2)底部设有生物质热解气化炉鼓风机(F2)，生物质热解气化炉鼓风机(F2)与生物质热解气化炉(2)连通的管道上设有生物质热解气化炉进风管开关(K2);所述生物质热解气化炉(2)与燃气配氧预混过滤室(3)连通的管道上设有生物质热解气化炉排气管开关(K7)。
3.如权利要求1所述的固废物无害化处理装置，其特征在于，所述燃气配氧预混过滤室(3)的燃气配氧预混室底部设有配氧装置，所述配氧装置包括依次连通的电解水设备(12)、氧气储气罐(13)和配氧装置鼓风机(F3)，所述配氧装置鼓风机(F3)与燃气配氧预混室底部连通的管道上设有配氧预混室进气管开关(K3)，所述氧气储气罐(13)与配氧装置鼓风机(F3)进气端连通的管道上设有配氧装置氧气管开关(K5);所述配氧装置鼓风机(F3)进气端还与空气过滤器(17)连通，空气过滤器(17)与配氧装置鼓风机(F3)进气端连通的管道上设有配氧装置空气进气管开关(K6);所述燃气配氧预混过滤室(3)内的过滤网包括一级过滤网(4)、二级过滤网(5)和三级过滤网(6);所述燃气配氧预混过滤室(3)的过滤室底部设有焦油储存桶(16);所述燃气配氧预混过滤室(3)的燃气配氧预混室中设有氧气浓度检测机构(14)，燃气配氧预混室的过滤室中设有CO浓度检测机构。
4.如权利要求1所述的固废物无害化处理装置，其特征在于，所述柴油管(10)上设有柴油输送管开关(K9)，所述点火器(11)上设有电子打火开关(KlO);所述燃气燃烧室(7)与脱氯脱硫烘干装置(20)连通处的底部设有冷空气过滤器(18)，冷空气过滤器(18)的管道上设有进空气管开关(K4);所述燃气燃烧室(7)与脱氯脱硫烘干装置(20)连通处内部设有温度传感器(19)。
5.如权利要求1所述的固废物无害化处理装置，其特征在于，所述脱氯脱硫烘干装置(20)内壁设耐火内衬(21);脱氯脱硫烘干装置(20)顶部设有脱氯催化剂喷洒机构(40);脱氯脱硫烘干装置(20)内部设有温度传感器(19);所述进料储料斗(31)底部设有螺旋输送机(30);所述脱酸喷淋塔(23)内腔上部设有喷淋机构(24);所述脱氯脱硫烘干装置(20)通过底座(39)支撑，底座(39)上设有轮带、托轮、挡轮和筒体转动机构(28)。
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104588402A (zh) * | 2015-02-02 | 2015-05-06 | 湖南鹞翔环保能源科技有限公司 | 一种固废物无害化处理装置及方法 |
| CN105546549A (zh) * | 2016-02-03 | 2016-05-04 | 湖南鹞翔环保能源科技有限公司 | 一种垃圾脱氯装置及其脱氯方法 |
| WO2017035924A1 (zh) * | 2015-08-29 | 2017-03-09 | 湖南普丝环保能源有限公司 | 一种生活垃圾破筛烘一体式装置 |
| CN107185950A (zh) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-09-22 | 杭州金株环境科技有限公司 | 一种分拣粉碎一体机 |
| CN107420905A (zh) * | 2017-08-06 | 2017-12-01 | 无锡绿麦环保科技有限公司 | 固废物防爆焚烧处置系统及其工艺 |
| CN108954342A (zh) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-12-07 | 苏州睿烁环境科技有限公司 | 一种钢丝网式利用垃圾焚烧发电烟气焚烧污泥的装置 |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104588402A (zh) * | 2015-02-02 | 2015-05-06 | 湖南鹞翔环保能源科技有限公司 | 一种固废物无害化处理装置及方法 |
| WO2017035924A1 (zh) * | 2015-08-29 | 2017-03-09 | 湖南普丝环保能源有限公司 | 一种生活垃圾破筛烘一体式装置 |
| CN105546549A (zh) * | 2016-02-03 | 2016-05-04 | 湖南鹞翔环保能源科技有限公司 | 一种垃圾脱氯装置及其脱氯方法 |
| CN105546549B (zh) * | 2016-02-03 | 2017-11-21 | 湖南鹞翔环保能源科技有限公司 | 一种垃圾脱氯装置及其脱氯方法 |
| CN107185950A (zh) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-09-22 | 杭州金株环境科技有限公司 | 一种分拣粉碎一体机 |
| CN107420905A (zh) * | 2017-08-06 | 2017-12-01 | 无锡绿麦环保科技有限公司 | 固废物防爆焚烧处置系统及其工艺 |
| CN108954342A (zh) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-12-07 | 苏州睿烁环境科技有限公司 | 一种钢丝网式利用垃圾焚烧发电烟气焚烧污泥的装置 |
| CN108954342B (zh) * | 2018-04-27 | 2019-08-27 | 浙江天泽大有环保能源有限公司 | 一种钢丝网式利用垃圾焚烧发电烟气焚烧污泥的装置 |
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