CN204405851U - Modified Geiger-Muller counter - Google Patents
Modified Geiger-Muller counter Download PDFInfo
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- CN204405851U CN204405851U CN201520134489.1U CN201520134489U CN204405851U CN 204405851 U CN204405851 U CN 204405851U CN 201520134489 U CN201520134489 U CN 201520134489U CN 204405851 U CN204405851 U CN 204405851U
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- geiger
- circuit
- tube
- quenching
- geiger tube
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Abstract
The utility model discloses modified Geiger-Muller counter.Mainly solve the problem that existing Geiger-Muller counter serviceable life is short, counting rate is low.This counter comprises Geiger tube, the RC parallel circuit be connected with Geiger tube anodic wire, the current sensitive pre-amplification circuit, main amplifier, the scaler that are connected with electric capacity C in RC parallel circuit after connecting in turn, the positive or negative high voltage control circuit be electrically connected with the Can outer wall of Geiger tube; Quenching gas is not injected in described Geiger tube.Geiger tube of the present utility model does not inject quenching gas, the simple manufacturing process of instrument; Its life cycle will be greater than the Geiger tube using gas quenching mode; Realize the quenching capability of Geiger work type detector and being separated of Geiger discharge capability, make quenching circuit independent from Geiger tube, therefore independent replacing, enhances working environment adaptability; In further developing, the electronic technologyization of quenching also has more more flexible than gas interior quenching method and is rich in development potentiality.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to modified Geiger-Muller counter, belongs to signal parameter fields of measurement.
Background technology
The Geiger-Muller counter used in the market all uses organic gas or halogen gas to stop the continuous impulse phenomenon of Geiger tube as its quenching gas (i.e. inner quench method), and the relative concentration of quenching gas in Geiger tube is relatively very low, only has about 5-10%.Along with placing for a long time or work, quenching gas will spill or be consumed from some very tiny gaps, and quenching gas concentration constantly reduces, and the operational effectiveness of Geiger tube also can constantly decline, and finally just can not re-use.
In addition, gas Geiger tube Counts capacity limit can not be avoided by positive ions drift time (hundred musec order) restriction, interior quenching method and outer quenching method all cannot improve Geiger tube ability to work from this respect, but externally quench method can change the dead time of external circuit by the time constant RC changing external circuit, and then changes the dead time of whole device.There is the Geiger tube using external circuit quenching in the market hardly, time due to employing the method, a very large resistance just must be used to drop under cut-in voltage to make the magnitude of voltage being carried in Geiger tube two ends, although do the continuous impulse phenomenon accomplishing to stop Geiger tube like this, but owing to employing large resistance, (be generally 10
8about Ω), so the time constant of external circuit will become very large, the counting efficiency of Geiger tube is very restricted, the situation of high count rate can not be applicable to, otherwise very large counting distortion can be produced.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide modified Geiger-Muller counter, mainly solves the problem that existing Geiger-Muller counter serviceable life is short, counting rate is low.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted in the utility model is as follows:
Modified Geiger-Muller counter, comprise Geiger tube, the RC parallel circuit be connected with Geiger tube anodic wire, the positive or negative high voltage control circuit be electrically connected with the Can outer wall of Geiger tube, and the current sensitive pre-amplification circuit, main amplifier, the scaler that connect in turn, described current sensitive pre-amplification circuit is connected with the electric capacity C in RC parallel circuit; Quenching gas is not injected in described Geiger tube.
Particularly, described positive or negative high voltage control circuit comprises the positive or negative high voltage change-over circuit, booster circuit, the control circuit that connect in turn, the low-tension supply be connected with control circuit respectively and voltage comparator circuit, described positive or negative high voltage change-over circuit is electrically connected with the Can of Geiger tube.This positive or negative high voltage control circuit enables the pulse signal along with exporting, and controls the voltage between anodic wire and metal tube shell wall, completes the quenching of external circuit.Also positive-negative voltage conversion circuit is connected with between described electric capacity C and current sensitive pre-amplification circuit.
Further, described voltage comparator circuit comprises one end and is connected to voltage comparator between current sensitive pre-amplification circuit and main amplifier, the first pulse trigger, the first delay circuit that are connected with the voltage comparator other end after series connection, the second pulse trigger, the second delay circuit that are connected with the voltage comparator other end after series connection, the first delay circuit is connected with control circuit with the second delay circuit simultaneously.
Again further, the resistance R in described RC parallel circuit holds ground connection.The resistance of described resistance R is less than 10
5Ω, makes the time constant of external circuit be far smaller than 100 microseconds.
In addition, inert gas injecting in described Geiger tube, the content of this inert gas is 100%.
In the utility model, circuit part outside Geiger tube is called external circuit, actual use small resistor in external circuit RC shunt circuit, add the control circuit that can detect external circuit output waveform in real time simultaneously, realize at positive ion to cathodic drift latter stage, anodic wire voltage can ensure, under the cut-in voltage that can realize Geiger counter, to complete effect of external circuit quenching, prevents the multi-pulse of Geiger-Muller counter.Namely the external circuit of less external circuit RC time constant and good transformation ability is devised.
Compared with prior art, the utility model has following beneficial effect:
(1) Geiger tube that the utility model uses does not need to inject quenching gas, simplifies the manufacturing process of this instrument.
(2) the utility model is due to the quench method of the external circuit of use, just there is not the weakness that the life cycle of traditional Geiger tube is shorter, although the working gas in Geiger tube also can be gone out through gap leakage, its life cycle can be predicted and will be greater than the Geiger tube using gas quenching mode.
(3) defect that the Geiger tube that the utility model overcomes traditional gas quenching can only use the regular hour just must be changed, and only need to regularly replace its external circuit part by the Geiger-Muller counter after improving, only after long-time use, just need when working gas is revealed a lot of again to change, and the respective restriction be not subject to each other, use cost is low.
(4) the utility model realizes the quenching capability of Geiger work type detector and being separated of Geiger discharge capability, makes quenching circuit independent from Geiger tube, enhances working environment adaptability; In further developing, the electronic technologyization of quenching also has more more flexible than gas interior quenching method and is rich in development potentiality.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is system chart of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is that electric signal of the present utility model exports schematic diagram, wherein, (a) is current sensitivity pre-amplification circuit output signal diagram, and (b) is voltage comparator output signal diagram, c () is the first and second pulse trigger output signal diagrams, (d) is control circuit control signal figure.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the utility model is described in further detail, and embodiment of the present utility model includes but not limited to the following example.
Embodiment
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, modified Geiger-Muller counter, comprise Geiger tube, the RC parallel circuit be connected with Geiger tube anodic wire, the positive or negative high voltage control circuit be electrically connected with the Can outer wall of Geiger tube, and the current sensitive pre-amplification circuit, main amplifier, the scaler that connect in turn, current sensitive pre-amplification circuit is connected with the electric capacity C in RC parallel circuit.In the present embodiment, positive or negative high voltage control circuit comprises the positive or negative high voltage change-over circuit, booster circuit, the control circuit that connect in turn, and control circuit connects low-tension supply, and positive or negative high voltage change-over circuit is electrically connected with the Can of Geiger tube.Positive or negative high voltage control circuit also comprises the voltage comparator circuit be connected with control circuit, this voltage comparator circuit comprises one end and is connected to voltage comparator between current sensitive pre-amplification circuit and main amplifier, the first pulse trigger, the first delay circuit that are connected with the voltage comparator other end after series connection, the second pulse trigger, the second delay circuit that are connected with the voltage comparator other end after series connection, the first delay circuit is connected with control circuit with the second delay circuit simultaneously.Also positive-negative voltage conversion circuit is connected with between described electric capacity C and current sensitive pre-amplification circuit.
In the utility model, in Geiger tube, do not inject quenching gas, only inert gas injecting, content is 100%, and therefore the composition of Geiger tube is simple, and manufacturing process is simple, the Geiger pipe range that serviceable life is more traditional, because it does not have quenching gas, therefore, Geiger tube and external circuit can be considered independent two parts, quenching capability is separated with Geiger discharge capability, and therefore, respective repair and replacement are not all by impact each other, enhance working environment adaptability, use more flexible.
In the present embodiment, the resistance R of RC parallel circuit holds ground connection, namely the anodic wire ground connection of Geiger tube, and more traditional RC parallel circuit difference is, the resistance of the utility model resistance R selection of small, Standard resistance range is less than 10
5Ω, make the time constant of external circuit be far smaller than 100 microseconds, therefore counting rate of the present utility model can not be influenced.
The course of work of the present utility model is as follows:
As shown in Figure 2, (a): current sensitive pre-amplification circuit output signal diagram.
Situation when 2. dotted line represents that signal be RC constant is infinite, output signal can remain on maximum output voltage value in the T moment after some period of time.And positive ion is just neutralized by the negative charge on metal tube shell wall rapidly after moving to the position of cathodic metal shell wall at this moment; 1. solid line represents in the situation of RC constant when less, the maximum voltage value when maximal value of output signal can be infinite much smaller than RC constant, and in the end magnitude of voltage can become 0V, and positive ion still moves to cathodic metal shell wall in the T moment in this case.
(b): voltage comparator output signal diagram.
As long as the threshold value of suitable regulation voltage comparer, make voltage threshold between real output signal maximal value 1. and zero voltage value, the electric signal of output comparator just can be made to be a digital signal (high level and low level).
(c): the first and second pulse trigger output signal diagrams.
After voltage comparator output signal enters the first and second pulse triggers respectively, trigger (also can be that negative edge triggers) through rising edge, a pulse signal can be exported at digital signal leading edge position place.
(d): control circuit control signal figure.
From the electric signal that pulse trigger exports, enter the delay that delay circuit realizes electric signal.Wherein the first delay circuit delays T
1, the second delay circuit delays T
2, latter two signal reloads the control signal being used as control circuit on same wire.Wherein, the condition of demand fulfillment is: the control signal of formation must be positioned at the right and left in T moment.
First pulse signal makes the magnitude of voltage exported from control circuit can be less than ratings (negative voltage making to be carried in cathodic metal shell wall can lower than the cut-in voltage that Geiger snowslide occurs), and second pulse signal makes control circuit again revert to normal operating voltage.
Detailed process is as follows:
(1) when charged particle is after entering Geiger tube, because the mutual coulomb interaction of particle and extranuclear electron can by the energy transferring of charged particle to electronics, working gas inside Geiger tube (inert gas) atom is ionized, produce electron particles pair, under the interaction of electric field, electronics starts to be rapidly to anodic wire motion, and positive ion also moves towards cathodic metal shell wall slowly;
(2) voltage owing to being now carried between Geiger tube is very high, make electronics in motion process, Geiger snowslide can be there is, (a few tenths of microsecond) will produce a large amount of electronic and ionics pair in a short period of time, because the movement velocity of electronics can be quickly compared to positive ion, in the time of one minimum, electronics is just beaten on anodic wire, only remaining positive ion is at the move under influence of electric field, positive ion induces electric charge in the motion process under electric field action on anodic wire and cathodic metal shell wall, forms electric signal;
(3) signal exported (actual is negative voltage signal) is converted to positive signal by positive-negative voltage conversion circuit, then positive signal is introduced current sensitivity pre-amplification circuit; Reason is that the electric signal formed due to positive ion motion is being macroscopically the current signal being flowed to anodic wire by cathodic metal wall, by during resistance R can coating-forming voltage V=IR fall, and in fact anodic wire is ground connection, the negative voltage of-V therefore can be formed on electric capacity C;
(4) when the RC of external circuit is tending towards infinite, through current sensitive pre-amplification circuit, the electric signal of dotted line shown in Fig. 2 can be formed, cathodic metal shell wall (the T moment is the moment that positive charge arrives cathodic metal shell wall) can be arrived at T moment positive charge, little RC situation due to what adopt now, then actual electric signal can bold portion as shown in Figure 2, can see that electric signal now can be very little, because the speed of positive ion does not change, remain and arrive (the signal normal recordings that in this period, Geiger tube still cannot arrive to the next one) on cathodic metal shell wall in the T moment,
(5) after signal is released before electric current, draw the electric signal streams on a wherein road to voltage comparator, the threshold voltage of voltage comparator is rationally set, just can makes when electric signal forms the digital signal (high level and low level) of a rectangle after over-voltage comparator;
(6) electric signal flowed out from voltage comparator is divided into two-way again, enter the first pulse trigger and the second pulse trigger that rising edge triggers (negative edge triggers good equally) respectively, trigger out a pulse electrical signal respectively, pulse signal enters the first delay circuit and the second delay circuit more respectively, postpones to be respectively T
1and T
2but the condition that will meet is must between T through the time point of the pulse signal of delay;
(7) now two pulse signals is introduced same wire, go using the pulse signal now exported as control signal to control the control circuit between booster circuit and low-tension supply, wherein, first pulse signal makes the magnitude of voltage exported from control circuit can be less than ratings (negative voltage making to be carried in cathodic metal shell wall can lower than the cut-in voltage that Geiger snowslide occurs), and Article 2 pulse signal makes control circuit again revert to normal operating voltage;
(8) under the control of pulse signal, voltage in the moment that positive ion arrives cathodic metal shell wall now between the anodic wire of Geiger tube and cathodic metal shell wall is all less than the cut-in voltage meeting Geiger tube and normally work, although after arrival cathodic metal shell wall, the electronics made new advances can be collided, but because the voltage now between anodic wire and cathodic metal shell wall is less than the cut-in voltage that Geiger snowslide occurs, Geiger tube can not output signal and (stricti jurise be said, still have an electric signal to export, the electric signal exported due to it and normal condition is mutually far short of what is expected, the reaction of circuit below can not be caused, therefore neglect),
(9) simultaneously owing to employing little RC, reduce the dead time of external circuit, reduced a lot of in the dead time of whole device, the working time making Geiger tube can respond input particle becomes very long, and it normally can be worked when a higher counting rate.
The absolute dead time being actually Geiger tube itself does not change between 0 ~ T, but after the little RC of employing, the dead time of external circuit can be made to reduce compared to large RC situation, thus the dead time of whole device is reduced.
According to above-described embodiment, just the utility model can be realized well.What deserves to be explained is; under prerequisite based on said structure design; for solving same technical matters; even if make some without substantial change or polishing on the utility model; the essence of the technical scheme adopted is still the same with the utility model, therefore it also should in protection domain of the present utility model.
Claims (7)
1. modified Geiger-Muller counter, it is characterized in that, comprise Geiger tube, the RC parallel circuit be connected with Geiger tube anodic wire, the positive or negative high voltage control circuit be electrically connected with the Can outer wall of Geiger tube, and the current sensitive pre-amplification circuit, main amplifier, the scaler that connect in turn, described current sensitive pre-amplification circuit is connected with the electric capacity C in RC parallel circuit; Quenching gas is not injected in described Geiger tube.
2. modified Geiger-Muller counter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described positive or negative high voltage control circuit comprises the positive or negative high voltage change-over circuit, booster circuit, the control circuit that connect in turn, the low-tension supply be connected with control circuit respectively and voltage comparator circuit, described positive or negative high voltage change-over circuit is electrically connected with the Can of Geiger tube.
3. modified Geiger-Muller counter according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described voltage comparator circuit comprises one end and is connected to voltage comparator between current sensitive pre-amplification circuit and main amplifier, the first pulse trigger, the first delay circuit that are connected with the voltage comparator other end after series connection, the second pulse trigger, the second delay circuit that are connected with the voltage comparator other end after series connection, the first delay circuit is connected with control circuit with the second delay circuit simultaneously.
4. the modified Geiger-Muller counter according to claim 1-3 any one, is characterized in that, is also connected with positive-negative voltage conversion circuit between described electric capacity C and current sensitive pre-amplification circuit.
5. modified Geiger-Muller counter according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the resistance R in described RC parallel circuit holds ground connection.
6. modified Geiger-Muller counter according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the resistance of described resistance R is less than 10
5Ω.
7. modified Geiger-Muller counter according to claim 6, is characterized in that, inert gas injecting in described Geiger tube, and the content of this inert gas is 100%.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520134489.1U CN204405851U (en) | 2015-03-10 | 2015-03-10 | Modified Geiger-Muller counter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520134489.1U CN204405851U (en) | 2015-03-10 | 2015-03-10 | Modified Geiger-Muller counter |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN204405851U true CN204405851U (en) | 2015-06-17 |
Family
ID=53429700
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520134489.1U Expired - Fee Related CN204405851U (en) | 2015-03-10 | 2015-03-10 | Modified Geiger-Muller counter |
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| CN (1) | CN204405851U (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113050149A (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-06-29 | 中国人民解放军陆军防化学院 | Geiger Miller counter with external circuit quenching function |
-
2015
- 2015-03-10 CN CN201520134489.1U patent/CN204405851U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113050149A (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-06-29 | 中国人民解放军陆军防化学院 | Geiger Miller counter with external circuit quenching function |
| CN113050149B (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2022-02-15 | 中国人民解放军陆军防化学院 | Geiger Miller counter with external circuit quenching function |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20150617 Termination date: 20160310 |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |