CN204241032U - 一种固定燃烧源温室气体排放在线监测系统 - Google Patents
一种固定燃烧源温室气体排放在线监测系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN204241032U CN204241032U CN201420771711.4U CN201420771711U CN204241032U CN 204241032 U CN204241032 U CN 204241032U CN 201420771711 U CN201420771711 U CN 201420771711U CN 204241032 U CN204241032 U CN 204241032U
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- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 141
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003068 static Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrous Oxide Chemical compound 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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种固定燃烧源温室气体排放在线监测系统,它包括插在固定燃烧源烟囱上的温室气体采样探头、前端湿度测量仪以及温度-压力-流速测量仪，气体伴热管线包括标气管线和样气管线，标气管线的进口与标准气体源相连通，标气管线出口与温室气体采样探头的标准气体进口相连通，样气管线的进口与温室气体采样探头的出口相连通，样气管线的出口通过后端湿度测量仪与冷凝器进口相连，冷凝器出口通过管线依次与抽气泵、气体过滤器以及气体分析仪相连，温室气体采样探头的反吹口以及温度-压力-流速测量仪的反吹口与压缩空气源通过装有阀门的管路相连。采用本系统能够准确测量固定燃烧源所排放烟气中温室气体排放量的在线监测系统并实现燃烧源效率的连续测量。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本实用新型涉及一种温室气体监测系统，特别涉及工业生产中固定燃烧源所排放烟气中二氧化碳、甲烷等温室气体的连续测量与分析，并实现自动监测燃烧源效率的在线监测系统。
背景技术
[0002] 工业生产过程中的固定燃烧源消耗了大量的化石燃料，并向大气中排放了数以万计的温室气体，为了能够有效控制温室气体排放，准确计量其排放量，对固定燃烧源实施在线监测显得尤为重要。
[0003] 目前我国温室气体监测存在的主要问题是:
[0004] (I)监测对象单一，没有细化到具体的温室气体排放源:现有的温室气体在线监测系统主要是针对于大气中温室气体浓度的连续测量，而不能用于温室气体排放大户一各类固定燃烧源(如锅炉、加热炉以及燃气轮机等)温室气体排放情况以及气体流速、湿度的在线测量。
[0005] 发明名称为“一种温室气体排放通量的中红外光谱测量系统及方法”，专利号为CN 103852437 A、发明名称为“一种温室气体及其稳定同位素在线监测系统”，专利号为CN 103760136 A以及发明名称为“温室气体在线监测系统和监测方法”，专利号为CN101782562 A的中国专利公开的监测系统就是属于以上情况。
[0006] (2)针对性不强，监测参数不完整且功能简单:固定燃烧源中的温室气体种类主要包括二氧化碳、甲烷以及氧化亚氮三种气体，且每种气体的全球变暖潜值不同，产生的温室效应需要折算到同一基准下进行计算与比较。同时，为了能够充分了解燃烧源实际工况下的效率，还需要同时测量出一氧化碳浓度、气体流速、温度、氧含量并结合燃料用量以及燃烧源表面热辐射等数据实时计算出燃烧效率，目前的监测系统并没有考虑到以上情况且无法实现燃烧源效率的在线测量。
[0007] 发明名称为“温室气体排放远程实时监测系统及方法”，专利号为CN 103177550 A的中国专利公开的监测系统就是属于以上情况。
发明内容
[0008] 本实用新型的主要目的在于克服已有技术的缺点，提供一种能够准确测量固定燃烧源所排放烟气中温室气体排放量并实现燃烧源效率的连续测量的固定燃烧源温室气体排放在线监测系统。
[0009] 为实现上述目的，本实用新型所采用的技术方案是:
[0010] 本实用新型的一种固定燃烧源温室气体排放在线监测系统，它包括插在固定燃烧源烟囱上的温室气体采样探头、具有阻容法原理结构的前端湿度测量仪以及温度-压力-流速测量仪，所述的温室气体采样探头内部装有陶瓷烟尘过滤器，过滤精度不小于2微米，气体伴热管线包括标气管线和样气管线，标气管线的进口与标准气体源相连通，标气管线出口与温室气体采样探头的标准气体进口相连通，样气管线的进口与温室气体采样探头的出口相连通，样气管线的出口通过具有阻容法原理结构的后端湿度测量仪与冷凝器进口相连，所述的冷凝器出口通过管线依次与抽气泵、气体过滤器以及气体分析仪相连，所述的气体过滤器过滤精度不小于0.1微米，在所述的气体过滤器的底部安装有湿度报警器，所述的温室气体采样探头的反吹口以及温度-压力-流速测量仪的反吹口与压缩空气源通过装有阀门的管路相连，所述的气体分析仪输出的烟囱中抽出的样气的C02、CH4、N20、CO、02浓度信号、前端湿度测量仪输出的烟囱中样气的湿度信号、后端湿度测量仪输出的烟囱中抽出的样气的湿度信号以及温度-压力-流速测量仪输出的烟囱中样气的温度、压力以及流速信号全部输入PLC控制器，所述的PLC控制器与计算机相连。
[0011] 本实用新型的有益效果是:
[0012] 能够准确测量固定燃烧源所排放烟气中温室气体排放量的在线监测系统并实现燃烧源效率的连续测量，做到在无人值守的情况下，实现数据的自动监测、采集、处理与保存，自动生成报表以及趋势曲线图，客观反映燃烧源运行状况和温室气体排放情况。
[0013] 针对固定燃烧源中所排放的二氧化碳、甲烷、氧化亚氮三种温室气体实现定量检测，并结合各种温室气体不同的全球变暖潜值统一折标；针对样气输送过程中可能存在的泄漏与保温故障等因素，采用全程校准以及前后两个湿度测量仪比对检测的方法保证测量数据的准确并及时发现产生的问题。采用本实用新型的一种固定燃烧源温室气体排放在线监测系统可以有效弥补传统测量技术的缺陷，针对性强，监测数据完整、可靠。
附图说明
[0014] 附图1是本实用新型一种固定燃烧源温室气体排放在线监测系统的结构原理图。
[0015] 注:图中实线代表样气传输气路，虚线代表数据传输线，点线代表标准气体传输气路，虚点结合线代表压缩空气传输气路。
具体实施方式
[0016] 下面结合附图和具体实施例对本实用新型加以详细说明。
[0017] 如附图所示的本实用新型的一种固定燃烧源温室气体排放在线监测系统，它包括插在固定燃烧源烟囱上的温室气体采样探头1、具有阻容法原理结构的前端湿度测量仪8以及温度-压力-流速测量仪9，所述的温室气体采样探头I内部装有陶瓷烟尘过滤器，过滤精度不小于2微米，气体伴热管线2包括标气管线和样气管线，标气管线的进口与标准气体源相连通，标气管线出口与温室气体采样探头的标准气体进口相连通，标气管线用于输送从标准气体源11送入的标准气体，样气管线的进口与温室气体采样探头的出口相连通，用于输送从烟囱中抽出的样气或者在全程校准时输送标准气体，样气管线的出口通过具有阻容法原理结构的后端湿度测量仪3与冷凝器4进口相连，所述的冷凝器出口通过管线依次与抽气泵5、气体过滤器6以及气体分析仪7相连，所述的气体过滤器6过滤精度不小于0.1微米，在所述的气体过滤器6的底部安装有湿度报警器，所述的温室气体采样探头I的反吹口以及温度-压力-流速测量仪9的反吹口与压缩空气源10通过装有阀门的管路相连，所述的气体分析仪7输出的烟囱中抽出的样气的C02、CH4, N2O, CO、02浓度信号、前端湿度测量仪8输出的烟囱中样气的湿度信号、后端湿度测量仪3输出的烟囱中抽出的样气的湿度信号以及温度-压力-流速测量仪9输出的烟囱中样气的温度、压力以及流速信号全部输入PLC控制器13，所述的PLC控制器与计算机相连。PLC控制器13进行各测量参数的采集与模数转换处理后送入计算机12，所述的计算机12用于接收PLC控制器13输出的各测量参数以及固定燃烧源中控传输的数据，并根据各数据计算生成包括温室气体排放量以及燃烧源效率在内的数据和图表。
[0018] 优选的温度-压力-流速测量仪9为采用皮托管差压法测量出气体流速及其静压，并采用热电阻法同时测量出烟气温度的一体化结构。
[0019] 本实用新型选用的温室气体采样探头市场有售，内部装有陶瓷烟尘过滤器，过滤精度不小于2微米，拥有双路反吹及控制单元，可实现定时自动反吹功能，反吹气来自于压缩空气源，保证采样探头不被堵塞。与温室气体采样探头连接的样气伴热管线市场有售，温室气体采样探头和样气伴热管线配有温控单元，可实现样气伴热管线保持在150°C左右，避免由于水蒸气冷凝而使待测气体浓度发生改变。
[0020] 气体伴热管线2由样气管线和标气管线组成，一根用于输送从烟囱中抽出的样气，以供气体分析仪检测；另一根用于输送从标气瓶中送入的标准气体，标准气体来自于标准气体源，以实现全程校准。
[0021] 冷凝器4用于迅速将样气中的水蒸气冷凝为液体，并通过蠕动泵排出系统外。
[0022] 所述的冷凝器4出口连接有抽气泵，主要功能是为样气从烟囱到气体分析仪全过程提供源源不断的动力。
[0023] 所述的抽气泵5出口连接有气体过滤器，过滤精度不小于0.1微米，进一步滤除样气中的细小颗粒物；气体过滤器底部安装有湿度报警器，一旦前端冷凝器4发生故障导致此处出现冷凝水，将输出开关量信号并报警，迅速停止抽气泵工作，以保护后端气体分析仪不受损坏。
[0024] 所述的气体过滤器6出口连接有气体分析仪，经过除水、除尘的干燥样气进入气体分析仪的检测池中，不同种类的气体对检测池发出的红外光具有特定的吸收波段，且浓度大小与吸收强度成一定的比例关系，从而检测出每种气体的体积浓度。气体分析仪7所需检测的气体种类包括:二氧化碳、甲烷、氧化亚氮三种温室气体和一氧化碳、氧气两种用于计算燃烧源效率以及折算浓度等数据的气体参数。所述的气体分析仪市场有售。
[0025] 所述的温度-压力-流速测量仪9市场有售，安装于固定在燃烧源排气烟囱上，本实用新型优选的采用的测量仪通过皮托管差压法测量出气体流速及其静压，并采用热电阻法同时测量出烟气温度；可进行反吹，反吹气来自于压缩空气源，保证测量仪不被堵塞。
[0026] 前端湿度测量仪8和后端湿度测量仪3，分别安装于固定燃烧源排气烟囱上以及冷凝器进口之前，本实用新型采用的湿度测量仪采用阻容法原理分别测量出烟囱内以及经过伴热管线采样后样气中的水蒸气含量，通过两参数的比对分析判断气体伴热管线工作状态是否正常。通常两参数的相对误差小于5%的情况下为正常。
[0027] 所述的气体分析仪7、温度-压力-流速测量仪9以及前端湿度测量仪8和后端湿度测量仪3输出的4-20mA模拟量信号全部进入PLC控制器13，实现各测量参数的采集与处理。
[0028] 所述的计算机12与PLC控制器13通过I/O接口相连，计算机可以根据需要设置功能，如:每三秒钟显示一次瞬时平均值并保存每分钟累计平均值数据；同时接收来自于固定燃烧源中控传输的燃料消耗量数据、燃料热值以及燃烧源表面温度等参数，通过计算最终生成温室气体排放量以及燃烧源效率报表，并能够实现数据加标、自动报警、缺失数据处理以及失控数据辨别与修约等功能。
[0029] 本装置的运行过程如下:
[0030] 系统开机之后，固定燃烧源烟囱中的气体在抽气泵5的作用下，通过温室气体采样探头I和气体伴热管线2中的样气管线首先进入后端湿度测量仪3检测样气湿度，然后进入冷凝器4进行除水并通过气体过滤器6去除微小颗粒物后，最终将干燥、洁净的样气送入气体分析仪7中，检测出CO2、CH4、N20、C0以及O2五种气体浓度，通过数据电缆传输至PLC控制器13中。其中C02、CH4、N20为温室气体，用于计算温室气体排放量；C0、02为辅助气体参数，用于浓度折算以及燃烧源效率的计算。
[0031] 前端湿度测量仪8和温度-压力-流速测量仪9固定安装于燃烧源烟囱上，现场测量出烟囱中气体的湿度、温度、压力以及流速四个参数，连同后端湿度测量仪3检测的湿度数据同时传输至PLC控制器13中。前端湿度测量仪8和后端湿度测量仪3，分别测量出烟囱内以及经过气体伴热管线采样后样气中的水蒸气含量，通过两参数的比对分析判断伴热管线工作状态是否正常。通常两参数的相对误差小于5%的情况下为正常。
[0032] 系统全程校准的过程为，首先由标准气体源11将标准气体通过气体伴热管线2中的标气管线送入温室气体采样探头，然后通过采样探头内电磁阀的切换实现停止采集烟囱中的样气，转而抽取标气管线送入的标准气体，通过气体伴热管线2中的样气管线最终输送至气体分析仪7，对气体分析仪所能测量的C02、CH4, N2O, CO以及O2五种气体检测数据进行校准。
[0033] PLC控制器13将上述所有参数进行采集与处理之后，通过I/O接口与相连的计算机12进行通讯，计算机12采用内置的数据处理软件完成温室气体排放量和燃烧源效率的计算与保存。具体的计算公式和计算过程参见GBT 16157-1996固定污染源排气中颗粒物和气态污染物采样方法、GB 10184-1988电站锅炉性能试验规程、HJT 75-2007固定污染源烟气排放连续监测技术规范(试行)、HJT 76-2007固定污染源烟气排放连续监测系统技术要求及检测方法(试行)以及HJT397-2007固定源废气监测技术规范等标准。
[0034] 本实用新型未详细阐述部分属于本领域技术人员的公知技术。
[0035] 以上所述，仅为本实用新型中的具体实施方式，但本实用新型的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉该技术的人在本实用新型所揭露的技术范围内，改变、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都应涵盖在本实用新型的保护范围之内。
Claims (2)
1.一种固定燃烧源温室气体排放在线监测系统，其特征在于:它包括插在固定燃烧源烟囱上的温室气体采样探头、具有阻容法原理结构的前端湿度测量仪以及温度-压力-流速测量仪，所述的温室气体采样探头内部装有陶瓷烟尘过滤器，过滤精度不小于2微米，气体伴热管线包括标气管线和样气管线，标气管线的进口与标准气体源相连通，标气管线出口与温室气体采样探头的标准气体进口相连通，样气管线的进口与温室气体采样探头的出口相连通，样气管线的出口通过具有阻容法原理结构的后端湿度测量仪与冷凝器进口相连，所述的冷凝器出口通过管线依次与抽气泵、气体过滤器以及气体分析仪相连，所述的气体过滤器过滤精度不小于0.1微米，在所述的气体过滤器的底部安装有湿度报警器，所述的温室气体采样探头的反吹口以及温度-压力-流速测量仪的反吹口与压缩空气源通过装有阀门的管路相连，所述的气体分析仪输出的烟囱中抽出的样气的CO2、CH4、N2O、CO、O2浓度信号、前端湿度测量仪输出的烟囱中样气的湿度信号、后端湿度测量仪输出的烟囱中抽出的样气的湿度信号以及温度-压力-流速测量仪输出的烟囱中样气的温度、压力以及流速信号全部输入PLC控制器，所述的PLC控制器与计算机相连。
2.根据权利要求1所述的固定燃烧源温室气体排放在线监测系统，其特征在于:所述温度-压力-流速测量仪为采用皮托管差压法测量出气体流速及其静压，并采用热电阻法同时测量出烟气温度的一体化结构。
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| CN106198305A (zh) * | 2016-09-13 | 2016-12-07 | 成都创慧科达科技有限公司 | 一种温室气体排放量检测装置 |
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| CN106198305A (zh) * | 2016-09-13 | 2016-12-07 | 成都创慧科达科技有限公司 | 一种温室气体排放量检测装置 |
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