CN2041094U

CN2041094U - Grain drier

Info

Publication number: CN2041094U
Application number: CN 88205418
Authority: CN
Inventors: 宋文华
Original assignee: NORTHEAST CHINA ELECTRIC POWER COLLEGE
Current assignee: NORTHEAST CHINA ELECTRIC POWER COLLEGE
Priority date: 1988-05-09
Filing date: 1988-05-09
Publication date: 1989-07-19

Abstract

The grain drier of the utility model relates to the improvement of a grain drier. The grain drier comprises a casing and a horizontal hole plate; a drying chamber is positioned on the upper part of the hole plate; a heating pipe and a series of crosswise vertical partition plate are arranged near the hole plate; the lower part of the hole plate is provided with an air chamber which is provided with the heating pipe with a rib slice; air is heated in the air chamber and enters the drying chamber via the hole of the hole plate so as to cause grains on the hole plate to boil and to flow from the inlet to the outlet endlessly; part of moisture is vaporized in the process of the boiling of the grains and escapes following waste gas; a baffle plate arranged at the outlet can control the stay time of the grains. The grain drier can be combinatorially used in a multi-stage mode; the utility model can utilize heat flow of low grade, for example the steam of the waste heat to dry the grains of high grade.

Description

Grain drier

The utility model relates to the improvement of Grain drier (or dryer), particularly relates to the improvement of the Grain drier (or dryer) with boiling-bed drying.

Steam power dryer commonly used is the steam power foodstuff drying device for example, comprises boiler, several thermal towers, Leng Ta.Boiler produces the saturated vapor with certain pressure, and the undue drum of warp enters the coiled pipe of thermal towers at different levels respectively, enters trench or send the boiler room back to after heat exchange.The grain of being dried by thermal towers at different levels, from the top down, through coiled pipe, is heated, and is vaporized with part moisture successively, and wet steam is extracted out by induced-draught fan and entered atmosphere.Grain enters Leng Ta after thermal tower is dried, cold tower causes circulation of air by air-introduced machine, makes grain be cooled to uniform temperature, collects then and preserves.

The shortcoming of this steam power dryer is that hear rate is big, and structure is huge, uses steel many, and drive apparatus is many, the civil engineering costs height.

The 5HY-2.5 type foodstuff drying device that tractor-operated machine factory under the agricultural machinery company of Chengdu produces, comprise cooking stove, blower fan and drier, its drier comprises housing, one orifice plate that tilts is arranged in the housing, housing is divided into two parts up and down, top is hothouse, the bottom is an air compartment, hothouse has the grain inlet in the higher side of orifice plate, and a side lower at orifice plate has grain-export, and outlet port is arranged at top, on orifice plate, have oval-shaped hole density interphase, the high-temperature flue gas that blower fan produces cooking stove during work is sent into the air compartment of drier, enters hothouse through the hole of orifice plate, and close place, hole air quantity is big, grain above the orifice plate is blown afloat, the adjacent of dredging to the hole falls, because orifice plate tilts, making the total flow direction of grain is to flow to lower outlet from higher inlet.Because grain is constantly blown afloat by high-temperature flue gas in flow process, promptly so-called the boiling increased the touch opportunity of flue gas and grain, the part moisture of vaporizing more fully, moist waste gas is discharged by the waste gas outlet on hothouse top, and the grain that is dried is flowed out by grain-export.

A kind of drying machine structure was huge before this dryer had overcome, drive apparatus is many, consume shortcomings such as steel are many, but still had the many shortcomings of heat dissipation.

The task of the invention is, a kind of fluidized bed dryer is provided, its keep simple in structure, consume the characteristics that steel are few, drive apparatus is few, can utilize low-grade heat energy, for example utilize the waste gas of common steam power dryer, can utilize waste heat, thereby improve overall thermal efficient, reduce hear rate.

Task of the present utility model is to realize like this, the Grain drier that can be multistage vertical or horizontal series connection is used, each drier has housing, substantially the orifice plate that is level is arranged in the housing, orifice plate is divided into two parts up and down to space in the shell, top is drying bed, also can be ebullated bed, the bottom is an air compartment, position on hothouse one lateral deviation is provided with the grain inlet, opposite side on the other side position on the lower side is provided with grain-export near the upside of orifice plate, the top of hothouse is provided with waste gas outlet, air compartment is provided with the working media inlet, whole housing is except that above-mentioned each mouthful, be airtight, air compartment and drying bed also are airtight except that the hole of orifice plate communicates, and are provided with the heating tube that has the muscle sheet in the air compartment, it for example can be coiled pipe, the heating tube two ends are led to outside the housing, are respectively the outlet of low-grade heat flow or residual heat stream, pass to low-grade heat flow or residual heat stream to heating tube during drier work, for example can feed afterheat steam, the used heat moisture, working media inlet by air compartment feeds working media, generally uses air as working media, and working media contacts with heating tube in air compartment, carry out heat exchange and heat up, the working media after the intensification enters drying bed from the hole of orifice plate.Grain to be dried enters drying bed by the grain inlet, drops on the orifice plate.The working media that is entered drying bed by the hole on the orifice plate seethes with excitement the grain on the orifice plate, because the fluidization of grain, grain is flowed to outlet gradually, flow out by grain-export at last, grain fully contacts with the working media that heats up in boiling process, heated and be vaporized with part moisture, the working media after the fluidisation is discharged from the waste gas outlet on drying bed top together with the moisture of vaporizing out.

Obviously, do not establish heating tube, enter the higher grain of temperature from the grain inlet as above-mentioned device, feed the lower working media of temperature from the working media inlet, grain still flows to outlet from inlet while seething with excitement, and grain is lowered the temperature in the boiling process, Here it is so-called cooler; If what enter from grain inlet is to need dry grains, and what go into that working media feeds is the damp and hot waste gas with uniform temperature, grain can be flowed to outlet by inlet while seething with excitement equally, and grain is heated to uniform temperature in boiling process, and Here it is so-calledly gives hot device.

In order to slow down the horizontal velocity that grain exports from entering the mouth to, promptly increase the time of staying of grain in drying bed, above orifice plate, be furnished with a series of dividing plates parallel to each other, dividing plate vertical with orifice plate and with the horizontal flow of grain to vertical, dividing plate and orifice plate have certain interval.Fixing as for dividing plate can be welded on the housing, also can be with bolting etc., and this is that those of ordinary skill is known.

In order to make the grain boiling evenly, the hole on the orifice plate is equally distributed circular hole, and perforate can be along row, also can be stagger arrangement.The aperture is less than the grain equivalent diameter.

In order further to improve heat exchange effect, can also near orifice plate heating tube on the bed be set at drying bed, can be coiled pipe for example, the two ends of heating tube are led to outside the housing on the bed, are respectively hot-fluid import and outlet.

In order to keep good boiling effect, the percent opening of orifice plate is 10～12%.

For the bottom horizontal flow sheet that guarantees that grain exports from entering the mouth to, the height of dividing plate (measuring from the upper surface of orifice plate) should hang down 15～20mm than the fluid height of material.

In order to control the speed that grain entered and flowed out drying bed, promptly regulate the time of staying of grain in drying bed, at grain inlet, outlet is even is provided with the adjusting plate washer, and the adjusting device of plate washer.

For the working condition in the bed that sees drying and the needs of maintenance, several peep holes are set on housing, the peep hole employing is closed the envelope measure lucite is housed.

Above-mentioned drier or cooler or give hot device and can single-stage use also can multistagely be used in combination, and vertical and horizontal two kinds of compound modes are arranged when multistage being used in combination.

So-called Vertical Combination, be that the some levels of above-mentioned drier (comprise cooler, give hot device) are installed up and down, the grain of the grain-export of upper level and next stage inlet is positioned at the same side and is connected in every adjacent two-stage, grain is from flowing into the grain inlet of next stage after the grain-export of upper level flows out naturally, its bottom one-level is not for establishing the cooler of heating tube, topmost one-level can be to give hot device, also can not establish and give hot device, this combination is applicable to highly enough and the less scene of the area of plane.

So-called horizontal combination, be that above-mentioned drier (is comprised cooler, give hot device) multistage horizontal layout, the grain-export of previous stage is higher slightly than the grain inlet of adjacent back one-level, both are communicated with pipeline, like this except that the outlet of the inlet of the first order and the last grade, each inlet is connected with the outlet of upper level, grain is after the grain-export outflow of previous stage, naturally enter the grain inlet of back one-level, concrete layout can be linearly, broken line, also can be arranged in parallel, wherein afterbody is a cooler, and the first order can be to give hot device, also can give hot device and directly uses drier.This compound mode is applicable to the not rich and bigger scene of the area of plane of spatial altitude.

The drier progression of two kinds of combinations, cooler progression, and whether select for use and give hot device, can be according to grain character, the factors such as character of dry mass requirement and thermal source and waste heat are determined.When hot device is given in employing, can feed the working media inlet that gives hot device to the gas sampling of driers at different levels thereafter, give hot grain, improve the thermal efficiency.

Advantage of the present utility model: because orifice plate is to be horizontal level substantially, be provided with dividing plate again, the time of grain in drying bed is long; Be provided with adjusting plate washer or control valve at grain-export and grain inlet, can further control the time of staying of grain in drying bed again; The grain boiling is with the working media full contact, so drying effect is good; Because this drier can utilize low-grade thermal source, for example utilizes the afterheat steam of common steam power dryer etc., total thermal efficiency is improved, and owing to utilize low-grade steam, the working media temperature is lower, is specially adapted to the drying of heat sensitive material.

Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the utility model is further described.

Fig. 1, single-stage drier schematic diagram (main cutaway view)

Fig. 2, the single-stage drier cutaway view (the A-A cutaway view of Fig. 1) of bowing

Fig. 3, Vertical Combination multiple-stage drier schematic diagram (cutaway view)

Fig. 4, Vertical Combination multiple-stage drier flow chart

Fig. 5, Fig. 6, horizontal combination multiple-stage drier schematic diagram, Fig. 5 is Fig. 6 B-B cutaway view, Fig. 6 is Fig. 5 C-C cutaway view.

Fig. 7, horizontal combination multiple-stage drier flow chart

Fig. 8, give hot device, cooler schematic diagram

Embodiment 1, with reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, the single-stage drier comprises housing 1, it can be a metal manufacturing, for example use the steel plate manufacturing, also can build by laying bricks or stones, level is arranged in the housing or be the orifice plate 2 of level substantially with building materials, orifice plate is divided into two parts up and down to the space in the housing again, top is drying bed 3, and the bottom is an air compartment 4, and an end of air compartment 4 has working media inlet 8, there is the heating tube 9 that has muscle sheet 11 air compartment 4 inside, the two ends of heating tube 9 are led to outside the housing, and an end is the hot gas inlet, and the other end is a heat outlet, on the top of drying bed 3 waste gas outlet 7 is arranged, one upper lateral part of drying bed has grain inlet 5, and opposite side on the other side has grain-export 6 by orifice surface, evenly is furnished with circular hole above the orifice plate 2, the aperture is littler than material diameter, percent opening is 10～12%, and perforate is along row, can certainly stagger arrangement.In the drying bed on orifice plate top, be furnished with a series of dividing plates parallel to each other 10, dividing plate 10 and orifice plate 2 vertical and with the horizontal flow of material to vertical, between the bottom of dividing plate 10 and the orifice plate 2 certain interval is arranged, the height of dividing plate 10 (measuring from orifice surface) is than the low 15-20mm of fluid height of material, fluid height as for material, relevant with the factors such as thickness of the character of material and material, this is known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.Be provided with heating tube 12 on the bed near orifice plate 2 in drying bed 3, its two ends are led to outside the housing, and an end is hot vapour inlet, and the other end is hot vapor outlet, and heating tube 9 is gone up heating tube 12 with bed and all curved coiled pipe.

During work, heating tube on heating tube 9, the bed 12 is connected hot-fluid, hot gas is passed through from pipe; Working media is generally compressed air and enters air compartment 4 from working media inlet 8, carry out heat exchange during through heating tube 9 with it, the working media that heats up enters drying bed from the hole of orifice plate 2, grain enters drying bed from grain inlet 5, drop on the preceding orifice plate of first dividing plate, working media is blown into from the hole and makes the material boiling, because grain continues to enter from grain inlet 5, make the grain of boiling, cross first dividing plate gradually, second partition is up to crossing the last piece dividing plate, flow out from material outlet 6, all all have grain to be fluidized state in the orifice plate top this moment, on one side boiling, flow to outlet from inlet on one side, heating tube can not only heat working media on the bed, also directly to the material heating, material gives out moisture gradually in fluid mapper process simultaneously, and the waste gas of moisture vapor is discharged from the waste gas outlet 7 on top.Can regulate the time of staying of material in drying bed by the adjusting plate washer that is contained in grain inlet 5 and grain-export 6.

When above-mentioned drier is not established heating tube in the air compartment and bed and is gone up heating tube, promptly become cooler or give hot device, as shown in Figure 8, this cooler or give hot device and can use in multistage combination drying device also can be used for other occasion separately.It comprises housing 1, orifice plate 2, drying bed 3, air compartment 4, dividing plate 10, grain inlet 5, grain-export 6, working media import 8, waste gas outlet 7.

Embodiment 2, with reference to Fig. 3, Fig. 4, constitute the Vertical Combination multiple-stage drier by the foregoing description 1 described drier two-stage and cooler one-level, be first order drier I topmost, the centre is a second level drier II, is the cooler III below, and the three is by the supporting framework (see figure 3).The grain-export 6 of drier I is positioned at the top of the grain inlet 5 of drier II, the grain-export 6 of drier II is positioned at the top of the grain inlet 5 of cooler, and the grain that is dried can lean on deadweight to fall into the grain inlet of next stage from the material outlet of upper level.Working media is an air, is power by air blast, passes through filter (or screen pack), sends into working media inlet 8 at different levels respectively by pipeline, and waste gas outlets 7 at different levels all lead to topmost, so that concentrate combustion gas.Be provided with plate washer 13 and adjusting device 14 at grain-exports 6 at different levels, can pass through the aperture that adjusting device 14 is regulated plate washers 13, thus the control time of staying of grain in this grade drying bed.

Workflow as shown in Figure 4, low-grade heat flow or waste heat are gone up heating tube (shown in Fig. 4 fine line) by the heating tube and the bed of drier I, II, working media is that air passes through working media inlet at different levels, enter the air compartment interior (shown in the heavy line of Fig. 4) of I, II, III level respectively, the waste gas of I, II, III level compiles discharge (shown in Fig. 4 dotted line) by waste gas outlet at different levels, and grain passes through I, II, III (shown in the double-lined arrow of Fig. 4) successively.

During work, grain enters its drying bed 3 from the inlet 5 of drier I, fall into the grain inlet 5 of drier II by its grain-export 6, fall into the grain inlet 5 of cooler III again through the grain-export 6 of II through the drying bed 3 of II, drying bed 3 through III is flowed out by the grain-export 6 of III later on, and the concrete of grain flowed shown in the arrow of Fig. 3.Working media enters air compartment 4 through working media inlet 8 at different levels, hole through orifice plate 2 after being heated enters drying bed 3, resemble and implement 1 and make grain boiling on one side in drying bed described, on one side to grain-export direction bottom horizontal flow sheet, because I, there are heating tube 9 and bed to go up heating tube 12 in the II level, the working media that enters drying bed has higher temperature, therefore grain is heated in boiling process, and constantly give out moisture, because the III level does not have heating tube, the working media temperature is lower, and the cereal temperature that enters is higher, therefore be cooled in the grain boiling process, the grain that is cooled to uniform temperature flows out collection by the outlet 6 of III level.

Adjusting device about plate washer 13 can adopt prior arts such as rack-and-pinion, bolt and nut, also can adopt other forms of governor motion.

The afterheat steam that present embodiment can utilize existing steam power foodstuff drying device is drying grain again.

Embodiment 3, with reference to Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, by three grades in embodiment 1 described drier, give hot device one-level, the horizontal composition multiple-stage drier of cooler one-level, the first order is for giving hot device (I), second, three, level Four is drier (II), (III), (IV), level V is cooler (V), at different levels being arranged in parallel, the grain of previous stage inlet 5 is arranged in the same side with the grain-export 6 of another grade in the adjacent two-stage, communicate with pipeline, and the grain-export 6 of previous stage is than the grain of back one-level 5 height that enter the mouth, make grain can rely on deadweight, outlet by previous stage flows into the inlet of back one-level (as Fig. 5, shown in Figure 6), its workflow (see figure 7): material flows through (I) successively, (II), (III), (IV), the drying bed (shown in Fig. 7 double-lined arrow) of (V) level, low-grade heat flow or residual heat stream are supplied with (II) respectively by pipeline, (III), the heating tube and the bed of (IV) level are gone up heating tube (shown in Fig. 7 fine line and the arrow), working media feeds (II) respectively by pipeline, (III), (IV), the working media inlet (shown in Fig. 7 heavy line and the arrow) of (V) level, (III), (IV), after compiling, the waste gas of (V) level enters the working media inlet of I level, the I level, the waste gas of II level is discharged (shown in Fig. 7 dotted line and the arrow).

In order to make full use of waste heat energy, drier (III, IV) and the used heat of cooler (V) compile after working media inlet 8 enters and give hot device (I) to give hot grain (see figure 8), grain falls on the orifice plate of its drying bed from the grain inlet that gives hot device (I), the waste gas that is entered by the hole from orifice plate blows afloat, i.e. boiling, and it is mobile to Way out, grain is from the waste gas draw heat in boiling process, the grain that is given heat flows out through connecting pipe from the grain-export that gives hot device (I) and relies on deadweight to flow into the grain inlet of drier (II), enter in the drying bed of drier (II), as at embodiment 1, grain moves to outlet 6 while seething with excitement, and grain evaporation section moisture in the boiling process is because of high humidity in this grade waste gas, the same with the waste gas after the boiling of giving hot device I, enter atmosphere.Be evaporated of material outlet 6 outflows of the grain of portion of water from (II) level, enter the drying bed of drier III from the material inlet 5 of drier (III), grain-export 6 is shifted on same fluidized drying limit, limit, flow out and enter drying bed, equally through fluidized drying and flow to grain-export 6 from the inlet 5 of drier (IV).After entering from the grain inlet of cooler (V) through above-mentioned three-stage drying device dried grain, while seething with excitement to the outlet 6 processes that move in, heat is passed to the lower working media of temperature, treat that grain drops to uniform temperature after, flow out and can collect from the grain-export 6 of cooler.

Establish adjusting plate washer or control valve at grain-export at different levels 6, control the time of staying of grain at different levels in order to regulate, thereby control drying effect, cooling effect.

As everyone knows, the flow of suitable adjusting hot-fluid and the quantity of working media also can be at the dry mass of to a certain degree controlling grain.For the boiling situation of observing grain and the needs of maintenance, on the drying bed housing at different levels the peep hole that several are equipped with lucite is set.

Claims

1, a kind of Grain drier that can the plural serial stage applied in any combination, every grade of drier comprises housing 1, the interior orifice plate 2 of housing, orifice plate is divided into two parts up and down to space in the shell, and top is drying bed 3, and the bottom is an air compartment 4, one side of drying bed has grain inlet 5, opposite side has grain-export 6, the wetly outlet 7 in top, and air compartment has drying medium inlet 8, it is characterized in that: orifice plate 2 is horizontal level substantially, and the heating tube 9 that has the muscle sheet is arranged in the air compartment 4.

2, drier according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the top of said orifice plate 2 is provided with a series of dividing plate 10, and dividing plate 10 is vertical and vertical with the grain flow direction with orifice plate 2, and dividing plate 10 has certain interval with orifice plate 2.

3, drier according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the hole on the said orifice plate 2 is equally distributed circular hole, perforate be along row and stagger arrangement in a kind of.

4, drier according to claim 1 is characterized in that: be provided with a last heating tube 13 near orifice plate 2 in the said drying bed 3.

5, drier according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the percent opening of said orifice plate 2 is 10～12%, and the diameter in hole is less than the equivalent diameter of grain.

6, drier according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the height of said dividing plate 10 is lower than the fluid height of grain.

7, according to the described drier of claim 1 to 6, it is characterized in that: the grain-export 6 of upper level is arranged in the same side, both UNICOMs with the grain inlet 5 of next stage in the adjacent two-stage of the vertical tandem compound of multiple-stage drier.

8, according to the described drier of claim 1 to 6, it is characterized in that: the horizontal tandem compound of multiple-stage drier, the grain-export 6 of previous stage is a little more than the grain inlet 5 of back one-level, and both UNICOMs.