CN204104515U - Pond net box is removed contamination cultivating system - Google Patents
Pond net box is removed contamination cultivating system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN204104515U CN204104515U CN201420582652.6U CN201420582652U CN204104515U CN 204104515 U CN204104515 U CN 204104515U CN 201420582652 U CN201420582652 U CN 201420582652U CN 204104515 U CN204104515 U CN 204104515U
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- ditch
- pond
- net cage
- precipitation
- cultivating system
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- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 58
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 26
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000010616 electrical installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012041 food component Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021110 pickles Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001141 propulsive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013547 stew Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of pond net box to remove contamination cultivating system, comprise the net cage (1) be arranged in the pond being applicable to cultivation; In this pond, net cage is provided with the system of removing contamination immediately below (1), at net cage (1) and remove contamination between system and be provided with infiltration separation layer.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of breed in stew technology, and especially a kind of pond net box is removed contamination cultivating system.
Background technology
Flesh of fish matter is delicious, and the absorption efficiency of human body to its protein is high, and is rich in multiple nutritional components, so oppress the important component part become in mankind's meat.
Although ocean account for the area of on the earth 71%, but the living environment due to fish result in the transport difficulty extremely of fresh marine fish, general is all by pickle or by freezing rear transport, but such means of transportation causes the nutrient component in the flesh of fish to have a little loss, and its taste is also delicious not.So the marine fishes of ocean substantial amounts all can not become the main source of fish food, the fresh-water fishes being adapted at cultivation in continent then become one of main source of flesh of fish resource now.
Present freshwater fish culturing mainly carries out layering cultivation by the character of fish, but this cultivation is very high to the requirement in the place of production, if want the newly-built this cultivation place of production, then investment can be extremely huge, so the relatively less pond net box cultivation of cost just becomes the main cultural method of present fresh-water fishes.And in the process of cage culture, because the place of production is comparatively narrow and small, so biosphere is also perfect not, so when fish excreta and residual bait etc. are deposited at the bottom of pond, long term accumulation makes bed mud discharge various pollutant to overlying water, form secondary pollution of water, thus reduce pond culture effect and service life.
And existing pond net box mostly is frame structure, rectangular frame is made with steel or bamboo bar etc., below and four side nets fence up, the shortcoming of this net cage is that metabolite in net cage and residual bait are deposited in sediment of pond by mesh, cause the organic accumulation in pond, affect water quality in net cage, reduce net cage output.Although, have now and much occur the technology that this respect improves, the patent being respectively CN201210249254.8, CN201310509437.3, CN201410201181.4, CN201410203989.6, CN200910230175.0, CN200910248907.9 etc. as the patent No. all discloses relevant net cage cleaning device or method.But CN201310509437.3 this apparatus structure disclosed and complexity, considerable skilled worker must be had carry out corresponding operating if need to popularize on a large scale, and so complicated equipment, structural stability is also bad, if certain parts middle go wrong, the running of whole system will be affected.And CN201410201181.4, CN200910230175.0 and CN200910248907.9 tri-sections of patents adopt is that the mode of drug purification carries out purification of water quality, although drug purification can temporarily purify water quality, but after Long-Time Service, water quality can be destroyed a little, be unfavorable for sustainable development.CN201210249254.8 then proposes a kind of simple structure, but in this structure, need to use the electrical equipments such as propeller, and the working environment of net cage determines its environment existed and is necessary under water, so the problem such as make electrical installation often cause to use unstable or electrical equipment frequently to be changed; And be the direct interconnective a kind of structure of net cage and cleaning equipment due to what propose in this section of patent, so electrical equipment certainly will be needed to keep the running in moment, the water cleaning in net cage could be kept, and make electrical installation by net cage residue blowout net cage just under scope time, due to the effect of water-bed undercurrent, there is a certain amount of residue can be back to the sidewall scope of net cage, then reenter in net cage, affect the clean of this waters, place.
Utility model content
The technical problems to be solved in the utility model is to provide the simple pond net box of a kind of structure and removes contamination cultivating system.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the utility model provides a kind of pond net box to remove contamination cultivating system, comprises the net cage be arranged in the pond being applicable to cultivation; In this pond, immediately below net cage, be provided with the system of removing contamination, at net cage and remove contamination between system and be provided with infiltration separation layer.
Improvement as cultivating system of removing contamination to pond net box described in the utility model: described in the system of removing contamination be the some precipitation ditches be parallel to each other excavated on mud; The degree of depth that described precipitation ditch excavates is 0.2-1.0; Infiltration separation layer isolation mud and net cage are set directly over described precipitation ditch.
Further improvement as cultivating system of removing contamination to pond net box described in the utility model: described separation layer is geotextiles; Described geotextiles covers directly over the precipitation ditch of mud.
Further improvement as cultivating system of removing contamination to pond net box described in the utility model: the two ends of described precipitation ditch are respectively arranged with water inlet pipe and blow-off pipe; The slope of described precipitation ditch both sides is than being 1:3; Water inlet pipe one end of described precipitation ditch be 0.2 meter dark, the precipitation ditch of described blow-off pipe one end be 1.0 meters dark.
Further improvement as cultivating system of removing contamination to pond net box described in the utility model: form high low head between described water inlet pipe and precipitation ditch; The precipitation ditch of described blow-off pipe one end is arranged blowdown and collect ditch, described precipitation ditch and blowdown are collected between ditch and are formed high low head; Described blowdown is collected in ditch and is arranged at least one blow-off pipe.
Further improvement as cultivating system of removing contamination to pond net box described in the utility model: described blow-off pipe is provided with tube drawing.
Further improvement as cultivating system of removing contamination to pond net box described in the utility model: be provided with oxygen increasing disc immediately below described net cage.
The cleaning method of pond net box cultivating system; Breed fish in net cage, the waste residue of generation drops to geotextiles upper surface by the grid of net cage; By the filtering effect of geotextiles, waste residue fall to being filtered to precipitation ditch composition remove contamination in system; There is provided enough adsorption capacities by the mud in precipitation ditch, waste residue is adsorbed; Water inlet pipe constantly inputs clean water source, and the waste residue washed away in mud is discharged by blow-off pipe.
Improvement as the cleaning method to pond net box cultivating system described in the utility model: time oxygen increasing disc is started working, formed from net cage to the convection effect precipitated ditch by oxygen increasing disc, by this convection effect, the current accelerating the mud upper surface circulation of precipitation ditch form undercurrent, and drive waste residue to arrive blowdown collection ditch by this strand of undercurrent, and by extubation control blow-off pipe, waste residue is discharged.
Further improvement as the cleaning method to pond net box cultivating system described in the utility model: by the difference in height between water inlet pipe and precipitation ditch, precipitate ditch and blowdown and collect difference in height between ditch, precipitate the slope of ditch two sides and compare and form undercurrent precipitating in ditch.
The utility model advance is compared with prior art:
1, the precipitation ditch under net cage covers because there being geotextiles, thus (be keep best culture efficiency by the bed mud in net cage and pond, the utility model is generally used in natural fish pond, the bottom in this fish pond is all generally mud, i.e. bed mud) keep apart, ensure that in net cage, water quality is not substantially by the impact of sediment of pond; The cost of geotextiles is lower simultaneously, and engineering economy is practical;
2, the metabolite in net cage and residual bait can be dropped by the mesh bottom net cage and precipitate bottom ditch, ensure that in net cage, water quality is not polluted by metabolite and residual bait;
3, the precipitation ditch that one end is high, the other end is low self possesses undercurrent, and drive sediments to collect the flowing of ditch one end toward blowdown, and the slope of its both sides ratio is set to 1:3, what increase this undercurrent washes away scope, reaches most complete scouring effect;
4, water inlet pipe water inlet is the major impetus of current one-way flow in precipitation ditch;
5, the main tool oxygen-supplying function of bottom oxygen increasing disc, holds concurrently and is the secondary power of current one-way flow in precipitation ditch;
6, when needs blowdown, extract tube drawing, the sediments that blowdown is collected in ditch is discharged;
7, the water level of each draining is controlled, generally only needs row's bottom water 2-3 centimetre, serves the effect of saving water and energy;
8, by the fish stable breeding in pond in net cage, and discharged in time by the metabolite of fish in time, the pollution of cage-farming metabolite to pond water environment has dropped to minimum level.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiment of the present utility model is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is primary structure schematic diagram of the present utility model (is the coverage effect of outstanding geotextiles 8, do not show the precipitation ditch shape after geotextiles 8 covering in FIG, its in fact geotextiles 8 cover after should be with precipitation ditch 5 shape on all four, as shown in Figure 3);
Fig. 2 is the primary structure schematic diagram of the precipitation ditch 5 of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the actual visual effect figure of Fig. 1.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1, Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 2 give a kind of pond net box and to remove contamination cultivating system.Comprise a pond (these pond needs are applicable to cultivation fish, be mud 9 below the general pond being applicable to cultivation fish, but not concrete layer etc., so namely reduce the investment of fish pond construction, also can preserve the ecological environment); Above mud 9 in pond, 20-30 centimeters is unsettled builds net cage 1 (namely the bottom surface of net cage 1 is 20-30 centimetre to the distance between mud 9); Immediately below net cage 1 20-30 centimeters mud 9 on excavate the dark precipitation ditch 5 of some 0.2-1.0 rice, because this precipitation ditch 5 needs to excavate on mud, so this set method drops into not high to the cost of breeding fish, this mud directly bottom fish pond excavates the mode of precipitation ditch 5, the cost that related device is set can be saved, and arrange simple, just can complete voluntarily without the need to extra complicated machinery device.The quantity (all precipitation ditches 5 are and be arranged in parallel) of precipitation ditch 5 is set according to the size of net cage 1, guarantees the orthographic projection scope that comprehensively can cover net cage 1 of the precipitation ditch 5 below net cage 1.And the two ends precipitating ditch 5 arrange blow-off pipe 4 and water inlet pipe 6 (precipitation ditch 5 degree of depth of water inlet pipe 6 one end is more shallow is about 0.2 meter, and precipitation ditch 5 degree of depth of blow-off pipe 4 one end is about 1 meter more deeply) respectively, and the slope, side of precipitation ditch 5 is than being 1:3; Above-described being arranged so that forms a gentle slope between the water inlet of precipitation ditch 5 to water side, thus form the undercurrent from water inlet to water side in pond bottom, and the slope of side is than the formation being conducive to undercurrent, and the structure of this upside-down trapezoid can increase undercurrent to precipitation ditch 5 wash away area, reach optimal scouring effect.
Geotextiles 8 is covered above precipitation ditch 5 (separation layer that the top of some precipitation ditches 5 is all consisted of geotextiles 8 is spaced apart with net cage 1), precipitation ditch 5 in net cage 1 and mud 9 is kept apart, thus reduces interference (mainly the mud of mud 9 can pollute the water of the water level layer at net cage 1 place) each other.The effect of precipitation ditch 5 is collections, precipitates the Metabolism of Fishes thing and residual bait that are fallen down by the fenestral porosity of net cage 1.And this arrangement ensure that the integrality of the precipitation ditch 5 excavated, because the mud at the bottom is more random, in the process of constantly being washed away by undercurrent, if directly washed away, then mud slowly can run off along with undercurrent, then destroys the structure at the whole bottom, but have passed the buffer action of geotextiles 8, undercurrent (current) can not directly be washed away, so greatly reduce the destroyed possibility of water-bed precipitation ditch 5 for mud.
Water inlet pipe 6 adopts PE to manage, and buried depth of pipeline is slightly higher than the bottom of precipitation ditch 5.
Oxygen increasing disc 7 is equipped with in the bottom of net cage 1, and the effect of oxygen increasing disc 7, except increasing the oxygen content of water in net cage 1, ensures that the water quality condition in net cage 1 is good, also at the bottom of pond, promotes water body one-way flow from top to bottom simultaneously, make precipitation ditch 5 form undercurrent further.Blowdown collects ditch 3 between precipitation ditch 5 and blow-off pipe 4, is gathered the port of export of all precipitation ditches 5 by blowdown collection ditch 3; The depth ratio precipitation ditch that ditch 3 is collected in blowdown is slightly dark, and blow-off pipe 4 (quantity is 1-2, mainly collects the size setting quantity of ditch 3 according to blowdown) is arranged on blowdown and collects in the middle of ditch 3, carries out blowdown in the mode of tube drawing draining.And, when the unidirectional promotion of the water body that this oxygen increasing disc 7 carries out from top to bottom, the sediment (covering separation layer geotextiles 8) in precipitation ditch 5 on mud 9 carries out corresponding displacement and moves, and namely moves along precipitation ditch 5 towards the direction of blow-off pipe 4.
The method that the utility model uses is as follows:
1, put fish in a suitable place to breed in net cage 1, and the fish put in a suitable place to breed in net cage 1 is thrown something and fed operation normally, and the waste residue be made up of bait and the excreta of fish in net cage 1 can slowly drop to geotextiles 8 upper surface by the grid of net cage 1; Because some residue can press close to the edge of grid, and sticked on grid, so now, the top-down undercurrent formed when going out oxygen by oxygen increasing disc 7 advances these waste residues to come off, and reaches geotextiles 8 upper surface;
2, relatively to precipitate ditch 5 top in the position of water inlet pipe 6, and precipitate ditch 5 by forming certain gradient, so the clear water inputting precipitation ditch 5 by water inlet pipe 6 (precipitation ditch 5 in geotextiles 8 upper surface) can form the undercurrent collecting ditch 3 from water inlet pipe 6 to blowdown in precipitation ditch 5, and the residue of muck surface just can be driven to enter in blowdown collection ditch 3 by this strand of undercurrent;
3, set blowing time, once arrive blowing time, just can be opened by tube drawing 2 control of sewage disposal pipe 4, and residue blowdown collected in ditch 3 is discharged by blow-off pipe 4; And once cross blowing time, then by tube drawing 2, blow-off pipe 4 cuts out, avoid the waste water resource because of too much blowing time.
Comparative example 1, device and method of the present utility model are relative to the disclosed device and method of comparative example 1 (CN201210249254.8), formation of the present utility model is simpler, and its main difference is the mode of blowdown, be the settling tank be arranged on below net cage at the device of contrast 1, net cage is relied on to fix settling tank, then there is certain test to the structure fastness of net cage, special net cage must be arranged support, and relative the utility model, then only need to adopt common net cage just passable; Another one aspect, the mode of the net cage blowdown adopted in this comparative example 1 is the progradation by water-pusher, residue in settling tank is discharged, due at the bottom, water-bed environment is more special, after water-pusher advances, once the propulsive force of water-pusher is exhausted, the problem (defect that net cage is arranged is close to by settling tank) that waste residue then will be caused to reflux, and often because this backflow acts on, these waste residues can be caused again to enter in net cage by the grid of net cage, cause the operating efficiency of this equipment lower; The utility model then cleverly by the gravity of water-bed undercurrent, waste residue, reasonably make use of mud 9, and arranges the isolation that geotextiles 8 carries out mud, make the unidirectional discharge of waste residue, reach the highest cleaning efficiency.
Finally, it is also to be noted that what enumerate above is only a specific embodiment of the present utility model.Obviously, the utility model is not limited to above embodiment, can also have many distortion.All distortion that those of ordinary skill in the art can directly derive from content disclosed in the utility model or associate, all should think protection domain of the present utility model.
Claims (7)
1. pond net box is removed contamination cultivating system, comprises the net cage (1) be arranged in the pond being applicable to cultivation; It is characterized in that: in this pond, net cage is provided with the system of removing contamination immediately below (1), at net cage (1) and remove contamination between system and be provided with separation layer.
2. pond net box according to claim 1 is removed contamination cultivating system, it is characterized in that: described in remove contamination system for being arranged on the precipitation ditch (5) on pond bottom mud (9);
The separation layer that isolation mud (5) directly contacts with net cage (1) is set directly over described precipitation ditch (5).
3. pond net box according to claim 2 is removed contamination cultivating system, it is characterized in that: described separation layer is geotextiles (8); Described geotextiles (8) covers in mud (9) and precipitates directly over ditch (5).
4. pond net box according to claim 3 is removed contamination cultivating system, it is characterized in that: the two ends of described precipitation ditch (5) are respectively arranged with water inlet pipe (6) and blow-off pipe (4);
The slope of described precipitation ditch (5) both sides is than being 1:3;
Water inlet pipe (6) one end of described precipitation ditch (5) be 0.2 meter dark, the precipitation ditch (5) of described blow-off pipe (4) one end be 1.0 meters dark.
5. pond net box according to claim 4 is removed contamination cultivating system, it is characterized in that: form high low head between described water inlet pipe (6) and precipitation ditch (5);
The precipitation ditch (5) of described blow-off pipe (4) one end is arranged blowdown and collect ditch (3), described precipitation ditch (5) and blowdown are collected between ditch (3) and are formed high low head;
Described blowdown is collected in ditch (3) and is arranged at least one blow-off pipe (4).
6. pond net box according to claim 5 is removed contamination cultivating system, it is characterized in that: described blow-off pipe (4) is provided with tube drawing (2).
7. pond net box according to claim 6 is removed contamination cultivating system, it is characterized in that: be provided with oxygen increasing disc (7) immediately below described net cage (1).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420582652.6U CN204104515U (en) | 2014-10-10 | 2014-10-10 | Pond net box is removed contamination cultivating system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420582652.6U CN204104515U (en) | 2014-10-10 | 2014-10-10 | Pond net box is removed contamination cultivating system |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN204104515U true CN204104515U (en) | 2015-01-21 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201420582652.6U Expired - Lifetime CN204104515U (en) | 2014-10-10 | 2014-10-10 | Pond net box is removed contamination cultivating system |
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| CN (1) | CN204104515U (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105994089A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-10-12 | 上海能正渔业科技开发有限公司 | Running water culture container system and application method thereof |
| CN109526829A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-03-29 | 中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所 | A kind of layering bottom is dwelt aquaculture net cage |
-
2014
- 2014-10-10 CN CN201420582652.6U patent/CN204104515U/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105994089A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-10-12 | 上海能正渔业科技开发有限公司 | Running water culture container system and application method thereof |
| CN109526829A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-03-29 | 中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所 | A kind of layering bottom is dwelt aquaculture net cage |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |