CN204084946U - A kind of single evaporator type solar air source combined heat-pump - Google Patents

Abstract

A single evaporator type solar air source composite heat pump, including a heat collector-evaporator, a compressor, a condenser and a throttle valve; it is set on the pipeline between the outlet of the compressor, the outlet of the heat collector-evaporator and the inlet of the condenser Three-way valve, a valve is connected in parallel at both ends of the throttle valve. Heat collector-evaporator includes heat collector plate, refrigerant pipeline, glass cover plate, insulation material, fan and enclosure surface; the upper part of refrigerant pipeline and heat collector plate is provided with glass cover plate, and the bottom is provided with heat preservation material; glass cover plate, The thermal insulation material and the front and rear sides surround the synthetic air channel. The composite heat pump organically combines solar collectors and air-cooled evaporators, effectively reducing the initial investment of heating systems, and improving the utilization efficiency and utilization degree of solar energy with different radiation intensities and air heat energy with different temperature grades. According to solar radiation conditions and outdoor air temperature, it can reasonably switch between multiple operating modes, and finally realize efficient heating and domestic hot water supply.

Description

A single evaporator solar air source composite heat pump

Background technique

Global building heating and domestic hot water consume a lot of energy. The high living standards and living habits of developed countries have caused huge demand for hot water and energy consumption, while developing countries are increasing with the development of urbanization and the improvement of living standards. Will maintain the rapid growth of hot water energy consumption. The commonly used heating system in my country mainly uses fossil fuel combustion, which is not only inefficient but also seriously polluting; while the domestic hot water system mainly uses gas water heaters and electric water heaters, which have problems of high energy consumption and waste of energy grade. Heating and domestic hot water have increasingly become one of the key areas of concern for energy conservation, emission reduction, and smog control.

In recent years, solar water heaters and air source heat pump water heaters have been greatly developed. However, solar energy has the disadvantages of low energy density and instability. When the solar radiation is weak, the traditional solar water heater needs a large installation area to ensure the heating capacity. When there is no solar radiation at night, the solar water heater or heating system will not be able to produce heat. Heat, usually requires a backup electric heating system to ensure the reliability of heating. Therefore, traditional solar heat pumps require large initial investment and high operating costs, which restricts their further large-scale application. For air source heat pump water heaters or heating systems, since their heating efficiency and heating capacity will continue to attenuate as the outside temperature decreases, their heating reliability at low temperatures will also be reduced. The air source heat pump can only use the heat energy contained in the air, and cannot effectively use the solar radiation energy. In fact, although the temperature is very low in many winters, the solar radiation intensity is still sufficient to produce the required hot water.

In view of the problems that solar water heaters cannot make full use of low-radiation solar energy and air-source heat pumps cannot utilize solar radiation energy, technical solutions that combine solar energy and heat pump technology have gained more and more favor. Among them, the direct expansion system directly passes the refrigerant into the solar collector, which can achieve a higher evaporation temperature and is conducive to reducing the power consumption of the compressor. It is a system with high efficiency. At present, such technical solutions are mainly divided into two categories: (1) Only one direct expansion solar collector is used as the heat pump evaporator, that is, solar energy is the only heat source of the heat pump (such as patent CN201110388936.2). Compared with traditional solar water heaters, this kind of scheme makes full use of the weaker solar radiation to a certain extent, but it still cannot heat when there is no solar radiation at night, and it cannot use air heat energy, and it does not solve the problem of heating when there is no solar energy. problem; and when the solar radiation is weak, in order to meet the requirements of heating capacity, it is necessary to use a larger solar collector, which makes the cost higher; (2) using a direct expansion solar collector and an air-cooled evaporator The evaporator is used as a heat pump evaporator. When the solar radiation is strong, the solar energy can be directly heated, and the air source heat pump mode can be operated under the condition of no sun or weak radiation (such as patent CN201120054202.6). This kind of scheme can use solar energy or air heat energy, but the heat pump system needs to use two evaporators, the cost is too high, the system is complicated, and this kind of scheme can not realize the direct heating of air heat energy and the combination of solar energy and air heat energy. Combined heating.

It is worth noting that when the temperature of hot water required in some cases is low or the external temperature is high (for example: when the external temperature is 30°C in summer, low-temperature hot water of 10-20°C is prepared for cross-seasonal air heat energy Storage), the external air heat energy can also be directly heated, but currently it is realized through the air source heat pump, resulting in high energy consumption for heating.

Utility model content

Based on the above problems, the utility model proposes a single evaporator solar air source compound heat pump, which organically combines solar energy utilization technology and air heat energy utilization technology, realizes the complementary advantages of these two renewable energy sources, and effectively reduces the initial cost of the heating system. invest. According to solar radiation conditions and outdoor air temperature, the heat collector-evaporator can be used in solar heat collection mode, air-cooled heat exchange mode, solar heat collection-air-cooled heat exchange combined mode, natural convection air-cooled heat exchange mode, and solar heat collection-natural convection mode. The combined mode of air-cooling and heat exchange can be switched reasonably, and the system process can be switched reasonably between the heat pump mode and the heat pipe mode, and finally realize efficient heating and domestic hot water supply.

The technical scheme of the utility model is as follows:

A single evaporator type solar air source composite heat pump, including a heat collector-evaporator, a compressor, a condenser and a throttle valve; the compressor, condenser, throttle valve and heat collector-evaporator are connected in sequence to form The heat pump cycle is characterized in that: a three-way valve is arranged on the pipeline between the outlet of the compressor, the outlet of the heat collector-evaporator and the inlet of the condenser, and a valve is connected in parallel at both ends of the throttle valve, and the heat collector-evaporator , a three-way valve, a condenser and a valve constitute a heat pipe cycle in sequence; the heat collector-evaporator includes a heat collector plate, a refrigerant pipeline, a glass cover plate, an insulating material and a fan; the refrigerant pipeline and a heat collector plate form an infinite Glass cover plate solar collector, the upper part of the refrigerant pipeline and the heat collecting plate is provided with a glass cover plate, and the bottom is provided with an insulating material. The glass cover plate, the insulating material and the front and rear sides surround the air channel; A first enclosing surface and a second enclosing surface are respectively provided at the outlet and the outlet, the first enclosing surface and the second enclosing surface adopt an open-close structure, and the fan is located in the air channel.

The single evaporator type solar air source composite heat pump described in the utility model is characterized in that: the condenser is a water-cooled or air-cooled heat exchanger.

The single evaporator solar air source composite heat pump described in the utility model is characterized in that: the first enclosure surface and the second enclosure surface are air valves, insulation boards, baffles or venetian blinds.

A single evaporator type solar air source composite heat pump described in the utility model is characterized in that: the fan is located between the first enclosure surface and the second enclosure surface, outside the first enclosure surface or the second enclosure surface Outer surface.

The single evaporator type solar air source composite heat pump described in the utility model is characterized in that: the refrigerant pipeline is located at the upper part, the lower part or the middle of the heat collecting plate.

The single evaporator type solar air source compound heat pump described in the utility model is characterized in that: the heat collector-evaporator is placed obliquely so that the outlet position of the refrigerant pipeline is higher than the inlet position.

Compared with the existing hot water production system, the utility model has the following advantages and prominent technical effects:

(1) Compared with the solar water heating system, combined with the effective utilization of air heat energy, two functions of solar collector and air-cooled heat exchanger are realized through an evaporator, which can reduce the area of solar collector and reduce the auxiliary heat source energy consumption.

(2) Compared with the air source heat pump system, combined with the effective use of solar energy, the heat transfer capacity of the evaporator is increased when the solar energy is sufficient, and then the area of the air-cooled heat exchanger is reduced under the same load demand, and at the same time it can improve The system evaporating temperature makes the heat pump system more efficient.

(3) Compared with the heat pump system using a direct-expansion solar collector and an air-cooled evaporator, a collector-evaporator replaces the solar collector and the air-cooled evaporator, which can be achieved without affecting the performance Significantly lower costs.

(4) It has a variety of system operation modes. When the evaporation temperature is high, it runs the heat pipe mode, which has high heating energy efficiency; when the evaporation temperature is low, it runs the heat pump mode, which can make full use of low-radiation solar energy and low-temperature air heat energy.

(5) It has a variety of heat collection-evaporator operation modes. When the solar radiation is strong, the solar heat collection mode is operated to achieve a high evaporation temperature; when the solar radiation is weak and the air temperature is high, the solar heat collection-air cooling heat exchange is operated. Combined mode, making full use of solar radiation and air heat energy; running air-cooled heat exchange mode when there is no solar radiation, utilizing air heat energy while ensuring heating reliability.

In general, the utility model organically combines solar energy and air source heat pump technology, realizes the complementary advantages of the two, and effectively reduces the initial investment and operating energy consumption of the heating system. Hot water program.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure and principle of a single evaporator type solar air source composite heat pump provided by the utility model.

Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of the collector-evaporator structure of a single evaporator type solar air source composite heat pump provided by the utility model.

Fig. 3 is a schematic sectional view of the collector-evaporator structure of a single evaporator type solar air source compound heat pump provided by the utility model.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a solar heat pipe mode of a single evaporator type solar air source composite heat pump provided by the utility model.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a solar heat pump mode of a single evaporator type solar air source composite heat pump provided by the utility model.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an air source heat pipe model of a single evaporator type solar air source compound heat pump provided by the utility model.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an air source heat pump model of a single evaporator type solar air source composite heat pump provided by the utility model.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a solar-air source combined heat pipe mode of a single evaporator type solar-air source composite heat pump provided by the utility model.

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a solar-air source combined heat pump mode of a single evaporator type solar-air source combined heat pump provided by the utility model.

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a natural convection air source heat pump mode of a single evaporator solar air source compound heat pump provided by the utility model.

Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a solar energy-natural convection air source combined heat pump mode of a single evaporator type solar air source combined heat pump provided by the utility model.

Among them: 1-collector-evaporator; 2-valve; 3-throttle valve; 4-condenser; 5-three-way valve; 6-compressor; 11-collector plate; 12-refrigerant pipeline; 13- Glass cover plate; 14-insulation layer; 15-fan; 16-first enclosing surface; 17-second enclosing surface.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, structure and operation mode of the present utility model are further described.

Fig. 1 is a structural principle diagram of a single evaporator type solar air source composite heat pump provided by the utility model, and Fig. 2 is a heat collector-evaporator structure of a single evaporator type solar air source composite heat pump provided by the utility model Schematic top view, Fig. 3 is a schematic sectional view of the collector-evaporator structure of a single evaporator type solar air source composite heat pump provided by the utility model. The single evaporator type solar air source composite heat pump includes heat collector-evaporator 1, compressor 6, condenser 4 and throttle valve 3; said compressor 6, condenser 4, throttle valve 3 and heat collector-evaporator The devices 1 are connected in sequence to form a heat pump cycle; a three-way valve 5 is arranged on the pipeline between the outlet of the compressor 6, the outlet of the heat collector-evaporator 1 and the inlet of the condenser 4, and a three-way valve 5 is connected in parallel at both ends of the throttle valve 3 Valve 2, heat collector-evaporator 1, three-way valve 5, condenser 4 and valve 2 constitute a heat pipe cycle in sequence; the heat collector-evaporator 1 includes heat collector plate 11, refrigerant pipeline 12, glass cover plate 13, Insulation material 14 and blower fan 15; said refrigerant pipeline 12 and heat collecting plate 11 constitute a solar heat collector without a glass cover plate, a glass cover plate 13 is arranged on the top of the refrigerant pipeline 12 and heat collecting plate 11, and an insulating material is arranged on the bottom 14. The glass cover plate 13, the thermal insulation material 14, and the front and rear sides form an air channel; the first enclosing surface 16 and the second enclosing surface 17 are respectively set at the inlet and outlet of the air channel, and the first enclosing surface 16 The second enclosure surface 17 adopts an open-close structure, and the fan 15 is located in the air channel.

The condenser 4 described in the utility model adopts a water-cooled or air-cooled heat exchanger. The first enclosing surface 16 and the second enclosing surface 17 are air valves, insulation boards, baffles or venetian blinds. The fan 15 is located between the first enclosing surface 16 and the second enclosing surface 17 , or outside the first enclosing surface 16 , or outside the second enclosing surface 17 . The refrigerant pipeline 12 is located on the upper part, the lower part or the middle of the heat collecting plate 11 . The heat collector-evaporator 1 is placed obliquely so that the outlet position of the refrigerant pipeline 12 is higher than the inlet position of the refrigerant pipeline.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a solar heat pipe mode of a single evaporator type solar air source composite heat pump provided by the utility model. In this mode, the compressor 6 is bypassed by switching the three-way valve 5, the compressor 6 and the fan 15 stop running, the first enclosure surface 16 and the second enclosure surface 17 are closed, and the throttle valve 3 is closed. Heat collector-evaporator 1 operates in solar heat collection mode, and the system process operates in heat pipe mode. The refrigerant at the outlet of condenser 4 passes through valve 2, heat collector-evaporator 1, and three-way valve 5 in turn, and then returns to condenser 4, and transfers the solar energy absorbed by heat collector-evaporator 1 to condenser 4 through natural circulation. for heating. This mode operates when the solar radiation is strong, relying on the thermosiphon principle to complete the cycle of the refrigerant, without energy consumption, and has high heating efficiency.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a solar heat pump mode of a single evaporator type solar air source composite heat pump provided by the utility model. When the solar radiation is weakened and the solar heat pipe mode cannot produce hot water at the required temperature or is not enough to drive the natural circulation of the refrigerant, the solar heat pump mode can be operated. The compressor 6 is connected through switching of the three-way valve 5, the compressor 6 is turned on, the blower fan 15 remains stopped, the first enclosing surface 16 and the second enclosing surface 17 are closed, and the valve 2 is closed. Heat collection-evaporator 1 runs in solar heat collection mode, and the system process runs in heat pump mode. The refrigerant at the outlet of the condenser 4 passes through the throttling valve 3, heat collector-evaporator 1, compressor 6, and three-way valve 5 in sequence, and then returns to the condenser 4. Although this mode operates when the solar radiation is not too strong, because the solar heat pump cycle has a higher evaporation temperature, its heating COP is also higher.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an air source heat pipe model of a single evaporator type solar air source compound heat pump provided by the utility model. At night when there is no solar radiation, and the required hot water temperature is not high (for example, the supplementary heating unit produces low-temperature hot water to supplement heat for the soil) and the outdoor temperature is high, the air source heat pipe mode can be operated. In this mode, the compressor 6 is bypassed, the compressor 6 is stopped, the fan 15 is turned on, the first enclosure surface 16 and the second enclosure surface 17 are both opened, and the throttle valve 3 is closed. Heat collector-evaporator 1 operates in air-cooled heat exchange mode, and the system process operates in heat pipe mode. The refrigerant at the outlet of condenser 4 passes through valve 2, heat collector-evaporator 1, and three-way valve 5 in sequence, and then returns to condenser 4, and transfers the air heat energy absorbed by heat collector-evaporator 1 to condenser 4 through natural circulation For heating. Since this mode relies on the principle of thermosiphon to complete the refrigerant cycle, it only needs to consume a small amount of fan energy consumption, and it also has high heating efficiency.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an air source heat pump model of a single evaporator type solar air source composite heat pump provided by the utility model. At night when there is no solar radiation, but not enough to start the air source heat pipe mode, the air source heat pump mode can be operated. Through the switching of the three-way valve 5, the compressor 6 is connected, the compressor 6 and the fan 15 are both turned on, the first enclosure surface 16 and the second enclosure surface 17 are both opened, and the valve 2 is closed. The collector-evaporator 1 operates in the air-cooled heat exchange mode, and the system process operates in the heat pump mode. The refrigerant at the outlet of the condenser 4 passes through the throttling valve 3, heat collector-evaporator 1, compressor 6, and three-way valve 5 in sequence, and then returns to the condenser 4. This mode is only slightly less efficient at night when the temperature is very low in winter, and still has a higher heating COP when the temperature is not too low.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a solar-air source combined heat pipe mode of a single evaporator type solar-air source composite heat pump provided by the utility model. When the solar radiation is weak, but the outdoor temperature is high, such as summer dusk, if the required hot water temperature is not high (such as the supplementary heating unit produces low-temperature hot water to supplement heat for the soil), you can run the solar-air source combined heat pipe model. In this mode, the compressor 6 is bypassed, the fan 15 is turned on, the first enclosure surface 16 and the second enclosure surface 17 are both opened, and the throttle valve 3 is closed. The heat collection-evaporator 1 operates in the combined mode of solar heat collection-air-cooled heat exchange, and the system process operates in the heat pipe mode. The refrigerant at the outlet of the condenser 4 passes through the valve 2, the collector-evaporator 1, and the three-way valve 5 in turn, and returns to the condenser 4. In this mode, the collector-evaporator 1 absorbs solar radiation and air heat energy at the same time, and transfers the heat to the condenser 4 for heating, and relies on the thermosiphon principle to complete the cycle of the refrigerant, which only consumes a small amount of fan energy consumption. Not only has high heating efficiency, but also has greater heating capacity than simple solar collectors or air-cooled evaporators, which can shorten the heating time.

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a solar-air source combined heat pump mode of a single evaporator type solar-air source combined heat pump provided by the utility model. When both the solar radiation and the outdoor air temperature are insufficient to drive the natural circulation of the refrigerant, but there is still a certain amount of solar energy available, the combined solar-air source heat pump mode can be operated. Through the switching of the three-way valve 5, the compressor 6 is connected, the fan 15 is turned on, the first enclosure surface 16 and the second enclosure surface 17 are both opened, and the valve 2 is closed. The heat collector-evaporator 1 operates in the combined mode of solar heat collection-air-cooled heat exchange, and the system process operates in the heat pump mode. The refrigerant at the outlet of the condenser 4 passes through the throttling valve 3, heat collector-evaporator 1, compressor 6, and three-way valve 5 in sequence, and then returns to the condenser 4. This mode realizes the full utilization of solar energy and air heat energy, and has higher heating COP and larger heating capacity.

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a natural convection air source heat pump mode of a single evaporator solar air source compound heat pump provided by the utility model. At night when there is no solar radiation, when the ambient temperature is high, and the outdoor wind speed is high, the natural convection air source heat pump mode can be operated. Through switching of the three-way valve 5, the compressor 6 is connected, the compressor 6 starts to run, the fan 15 is turned off, the first enclosure surface 16 and the second enclosure surface 17 are both opened, and the valve 2 is closed. The heat collector-evaporator 1 operates in the natural convection air-cooled heat exchange mode, and the system process operates in the heat pump mode. The refrigerant at the outlet of the condenser 4 passes through the throttling valve 3, heat collector-evaporator 1, compressor 6, and three-way valve 5 in sequence, and then returns to the condenser 4. This mode can save the power consumption of the fan, and has a higher system COP when the temperature is not too low and the wind speed in the outdoor environment is high.

Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a solar energy-natural convection air source combined heat pump mode of a single evaporator type solar air source combined heat pump provided by the utility model. When the solar radiation is weak, the outdoor temperature is high, but it is not enough to drive the natural circulation of the refrigerant, the external wind speed is high and the required cooling capacity is small, the solar-natural convection air source combined heat pump mode can be operated. Through the switch of the three-way valve 5, the compressor 6 is connected, the fan 15 is closed, the first enclosing surface 16 and the second enclosing surface 17 are both opened, and the valve 2 is closed. The heat collection-evaporator 1 runs the solar heat collection-natural convection air-cooled heat exchange combined mode, and the system process runs the heat pump mode. The refrigerant at the outlet of the condenser 4 passes through the throttling valve 3, heat collector-evaporator 1, compressor 6, and three-way valve 5 in sequence, and then returns to the condenser 4. This mode realizes the full use of solar energy and air heat energy, and has no fan power consumption, which can achieve a higher system COP.

Claims (6)

1. A single evaporator type solar air source composite heat pump, comprising heat collector-evaporator (1), compressor (6), condenser (4) and throttle valve (3); said compressor (6) , condenser (4), throttle valve (3) and heat collector-evaporator (1) are connected in sequence to form a heat pump cycle, which is characterized in that: the outlet of the compressor (6), heat collector-evaporator (1) A three-way valve (5) is arranged on the pipeline between the outlet and the inlet of the condenser (4), and a valve (2) is connected in parallel at both ends of the throttle valve (3), heat collector-evaporator (1), three-way The valve (5), the condenser (4) and the valve (2) constitute a heat pipe cycle in turn; the heat collector-evaporator (1) includes a heat collector plate (11), a refrigerant pipeline (12), a glass cover plate (13 ), thermal insulation material (14) and blower fan (15); Described refrigerant pipe (12) and heat collecting plate (11) constitute no glass cover plate type solar heat collector, refrigerant pipe (12) and heat collecting plate ( 11) A glass cover plate (13) is arranged on the top, and an insulating material (14) is arranged at the bottom, and the glass cover plate (13), the insulating material (14) and the front and rear sides surround a synthetic air passage; at the entrance and exit of the air passage The first enclosing surface (16) and the second enclosing surface (17) are arranged respectively, the first enclosing surface (16) and the second enclosing surface (17) adopt an open and close structure, and the fan (15) is located in the air channel Inside. 2. A single evaporator solar air source composite heat pump according to claim 1, characterized in that: the condenser (4) is a water-cooled or air-cooled heat exchanger. 3. A single evaporator solar air source composite heat pump according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first enclosure surface (16) and the second enclosure surface (17) are air valves and insulation boards , baffles or venetian blinds. 4. A single evaporator type solar air source composite heat pump according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fan (15) is located between the first enclosure surface (16) and the second enclosure surface (17) Between, the outside of the first enclosing surface (16) or the outside of the second enclosing surface (17). 5. A single evaporator solar air source composite heat pump according to claim 1, characterized in that: the refrigerant pipeline (12) is located at the upper part, lower part or middle of the heat collecting plate (11). 6. A single evaporator type solar air source compound heat pump according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: the heat collector-evaporator (1) is placed obliquely so that the refrigerant pipeline (12 ) has an exit position higher than its entrance position.