CN203988501U - A kind of polyether-ether-ketone artificial spine intervertebral disc - Google Patents
A kind of polyether-ether-ketone artificial spine intervertebral disc Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN203988501U CN203988501U CN201320620574.XU CN201320620574U CN203988501U CN 203988501 U CN203988501 U CN 203988501U CN 201320620574 U CN201320620574 U CN 201320620574U CN 203988501 U CN203988501 U CN 203988501U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- soleplate
- ether
- polyether
- nucleus prosthesis
- intervertebral disc
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003462 bioceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910000684 Cobalt-chrome Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010952 cobalt-chrome Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000005404 monopole Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 240000008866 Ziziphus nummularia Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 239000004699 Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 210000002997 osteoclast Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 229920000785 ultra high molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 210000002540 macrophage Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241001247821 Ziziphus Species 0.000 description 3
- JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,4-diol;bis(4-fluorophenyl)methanone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 102000004127 Cytokines Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000695 Cytokines Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910001182 Mo alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 208000003076 Osteolysis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002757 inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000029791 lytic metastatic bone lesion Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000006386 Bone Resorption Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920005479 Lucite® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000007651 Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010046938 Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920010741 Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000771 Vitallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011882 arthroplasty Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008827 biological function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000024279 bone resorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013130 cardiovascular surgery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000024245 cell differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004663 cell proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002316 cosmetic surgery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003013 cytotoxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000135 cytotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002682 general surgery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004394 hip joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000000629 knee joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000865 mononuclear phagocyte system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004899 motility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007886 mutagenicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000299 mutagenicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000957 no side effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000399 orthopedic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011164 ossification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000915 pathological change Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000036285 pathological change Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000017854 proteolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008733 trauma Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000602 vitallium Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/44—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of polyether-ether-ketone artificial spine intervertebral disc, comprise soleplate, lower soleplate and be arranged on soleplate and lower soleplate between nucleus prosthesis, nucleus prosthesis material is medical stainless steel, cobalt chrome molybdenum or bioceramic, upper soleplate and lower soleplate are made up of polyether-ether-ketone.The lower surface of the upper surface of upper soleplate and lower soleplate is provided with matsurface.Matsurface adopts the physical refining processess such as engraving machine engraving, corundum spraying to form.Upper soleplate and lower soleplate and spinal fusion are fixed, and between upper soleplate and lower soleplate, place nucleus prosthesis, also referred to as rotary core, form three-dimensional rotation and move between nucleus prosthesis and upper soleplate, lower soleplate, for human body provides the movable function of normal spinal column intervertebral disc.The upper soleplate that employing polyether-ether-ketone of the present utility model is made and lower soleplate, good biocompatibility, self lubricity is good, very wear-resistant.Nucleus prosthesis good mechanical property, intensity is high.The utlity model has simple in structure, good biocompatibility, durable in use, the far-ranging feature of indication.
Description
Technical field
This utility model belongs to orthopedic fixation device tool technical field, is specifically related to a kind of polyether-ether-ketone artificial spine intervertebral disc being suitable under spinal trauma and pathological changes state.
Background technology
Spinal column artificial intervertebral disk is all made spinal column artificial intervertebral disk with ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and metallic combination both at home and abroad at present.Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, UHMWPE) is most widely used general as friction part material, and the most important target cell of UHMWPE wear particle is exactly macrophage.
Metal, polyethylene and polymethyl methacrylate are commonly called as the generation that lucite (PMMA) granule all causes macrophages infiltration and a large amount of inflammatory cytokines.Osteoclast is the apocyte coming from the osteoclast precursor cell differentiation of mononuclear phagocyte system, is to cause the most important cell of bone resorption.Wear particle impels osteoclast precursor cell very complicated to the process of differentiation of osteoclast, comprises the direct effect of wear particle and causes that with macrophage the environmental change of Periprosthetic cytokine is relevant.The macrophage granule that is worn constantly stimulates, and produces a large amount of short inflammatory mediators and enzyme of proteolysis.M-CSFs etc., promote osteoclast precursor cell to differentiation of osteoclast, finally cause bone to dissolve.
And the antiwear property of UHMWPE is poor, in the service life that wearing and tearing have not only reduced prosthese, wear particle easily causes osteolysis, and aseptic loosening occurs, and will cause the consequence of second operation.
Utility model content
This utility model is exactly in order to solve above-mentioned the problems of the prior art, and a kind of polyether-ether-ketone artificial spine intervertebral disc is provided.
In order to achieve the above object, this utility model adopts following technical scheme:
Polyether-ether-ketone artificial spine intervertebral disc of the present utility model, comprise soleplate, lower soleplate and be arranged on soleplate and lower soleplate between nucleus prosthesis; Between nucleus prosthesis and upper soleplate and lower soleplate, form three-dimensional rotation and move, upper soleplate and lower soleplate are made up of polyetheretherketonematerials materials, and the lower surface of the upper surface of upper soleplate and lower soleplate is provided with matsurface.
The material of described nucleus prosthesis is medical stainless steel, cobalt chrome molybdenum or bioceramic.
Described nucleus prosthesis is spherical ambipolar nucleus prosthesis or hemispheric monopole type nucleus prosthesis.
The lower surface of the upper surface of described upper soleplate and lower soleplate all forms bossed sour jujube.
Advantage and the good effect that the utlity model has are:
Polyether-ether-ketone artificial spine intervertebral disc of the present utility model, good biocompatibility, good mechanical property, self lubricity are good, and antiwear property is strong.Wear particle can not cause osteolysis, has reduced the probability of spinal column artificial intervertebral disk generation aseptic loosening, increases the service life of artificial disc after arthroplasty, avoids the consequence of patient's second operation.Nucleus prosthesis good mechanical property, intensity is high.The utlity model has simple in structure, durable in use, the far-ranging feature of indication.Polyether-ether-ketone component materials outer surface is provided with matsurface, is beneficial to parts and human spine and merges.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of polyether-ether-ketone artificial spine intervertebral disc of the present utility model;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of ambipolar nucleus prosthesis of the present utility model;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of monopole type nucleus prosthesis of the present utility model.
Critical piece symbol description in accompanying drawing:
1. go up soleplate 2. nucleus prosthesis
3. descend soleplate 4. matsurfaces.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, polyether-ether-ketone artificial spine intervertebral disc of the present utility model is described further.Following each embodiment is only not limitation of the utility model for this utility model is described.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of polyether-ether-ketone artificial spine intervertebral disc of the present utility model; Fig. 2 is the structural representation of ambipolar nucleus prosthesis of the present utility model; Fig. 3 is the structural representation of monopole type nucleus prosthesis of the present utility model.As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, polyether-ether-ketone artificial spine intervertebral disc of the present utility model, comprise soleplate 1, lower soleplate 3 and be arranged on soleplate 1 and lower soleplate 3 between nucleus prosthesis 2.Between nucleus prosthesis 2 and upper soleplate 1 and lower soleplate 3, forming three-dimensional rotation moves.Nucleus prosthesis 2 is called again rotary core, adopts medical stainless steel, cobalt chrome molybdenum or bioceramic material to make.Upper soleplate 1 and lower soleplate 3 are made up of polyether-ether-ketone (peek) material.
The lower surface of the upper surface of upper soleplate 1 and lower soleplate 3 is provided with matsurface 4.Matsurface 4 adopts the physical refining processes such as Carving Machining, corundum sandblast to be made.Matsurface 4 can be grown upper phenomenon with bone formation bone.
The lower surface of the upper surface of upper soleplate and lower soleplate all forms bossed sour jujube, and the effect of sour jujube is to thrust in human spine, to improve it and implant stability.
Upper soleplate 1 and lower soleplate 3 are fixed with spinal fusion, form three-dimensional rotation and move between nucleus prosthesis 2 and upper soleplate 1, lower soleplate 3.Nucleus prosthesis 2 can be spherical ambipolar nucleus prosthesis or hemispheric monopole type nucleus prosthesis.Monopole type nucleus prosthesis is that one end and upper soleplate (or lower soleplate) are fixing, and the other end and lower soleplate (or upper soleplate) form three-dimensional rotation and move.Ambipolar nucleus prosthesis is that move with upper soleplate and lower soleplate formation three-dimensional rotation respectively at two ends, there are two moving points, monopole type nucleus prosthesis and upper soleplate, that lower soleplate is used in combination its stability is stronger, ambipolar nucleus prosthesis and upper soleplate, that lower soleplate is used in combination its motility is stronger, and being human body provides the movable function of normal spinal column intervertebral disc.
The surface of upper soleplate 1 of the present utility model and lower soleplate 3 also can not arrange coating or matsurface, can realize equally the function of spinal column intervertebral disc.
This utility model adopts polyether-ether-ketone to make soleplate and lower soleplate.Polyether-ether-ketone (peek) has good biocompatibility and stable chemical characteristic, various countries scholars are studied the biocompatibility of PEEK, by cell in vitro cultivate, the index such as cytotoxicity to material of the method such as animal body is implanted into, cell proliferation rate, mutagenicity, adhesion, cell biological function measures, a series of PEEK of studies have shown that have good biocompatibility and stable chemical characteristic.The Volume erosion rate of PEEK material is about 1/2 of UHMWPE.
Nucleus prosthesis adopts the materials such as medical stainless steel, cobalt chrome molybdenum or bioceramic to make.Medical stainless steel intensity is high, has stronger mechanical performance, corrosion resistance excellence, and biocompatibility is relatively poor, but with low cost, is applicable to using compared with poverty-stricken area.
Co-Cr-Mo alloy is replaced the trunk of prosthese connector mainly for the manufacture of joint, bear heavy load, as knee joint and hip joint etc.This alloy has very strong corrosion stability, and Co-Cr-Mo alloy (vitallium) has very high fatigue strength and ultimate tensile strength, after implanting for a long time, also seldom can rupture.
Bioceramic not only has the characteristic that plastic stainless-steel has, and has hydrophilic, can show good affinity with biological tissues such as cells.Bioceramic, except for measurement, diagnoses and treatment etc., is mainly the substitute material as biological hard tissue, can be used for the aspects such as orthopaedics, plastic surgery, dentistry, oral surgery, cardiovascular surgery, external coat, department of otorhinolaryngology and general surgery.Biological hard tissue substitute material has body bone, animal bone, develops into afterwards and adopts rustless steel and plastics, and because these biomaterials use in organism, rustless steel exists dissolved, corrosion and fatigue problem, the poor and low problem of intensity of plastics existence and stability.Therefore bioceramic has vast potential for future development, and countries in the world have been developed bioceramic material in succession at present.Bio-inert ceramic mainly refers to stable chemical performance, the ceramic material that biocompatibility is good.The structure of this class ceramic material is all more stable, and the bonding force in molecule is stronger, and all has higher mechanical strength.Wearability and chemical stability.
The surface that polyether-ether-ketone (peek) parts contact with vertebral body adopts matsurface, and this surface can stimulate the quick long bone in this position and have no side effect, and all brings good Gospel can to different patients.
Claims (5)
1. a polyether-ether-ketone artificial spine intervertebral disc, comprise soleplate (1), lower soleplate (3) and be arranged on soleplate (1) and lower soleplate (3) between nucleus prosthesis (2); Between nucleus prosthesis (2) and upper soleplate (1) and lower soleplate (3), forming three-dimensional rotation moves, it is characterized in that: upper soleplate (1) and lower soleplate (3) are made up of polyetheretherketonematerials materials, and the lower surface of the upper surface of upper soleplate (1) and lower soleplate (3) is provided with matsurface (4).
2. polyether-ether-ketone artificial spine intervertebral disc according to claim 1, is characterized in that: nucleus prosthesis (2) is made up of medical stainless steel, cobalt chrome molybdenum or bioceramic.
3. according to claim 1 or polyether-ether-ketone artificial spine intervertebral disc claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: nucleus prosthesis (2) is spherical ambipolar nucleus prosthesis.
4. according to claim 1 or polyether-ether-ketone artificial spine intervertebral disc claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: nucleus prosthesis (2) is hemispheric monopole type nucleus prosthesis.
5. according to claim 1 or polyether-ether-ketone artificial spine intervertebral disc claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: the upper upper surface of soleplate (1) and the lower surface of lower soleplate (3) all form bossed sour jujube.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201320620574.XU CN203988501U (en) | 2013-10-10 | 2013-10-10 | A kind of polyether-ether-ketone artificial spine intervertebral disc |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201320620574.XU CN203988501U (en) | 2013-10-10 | 2013-10-10 | A kind of polyether-ether-ketone artificial spine intervertebral disc |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN203988501U true CN203988501U (en) | 2014-12-10 |
Family
ID=52028589
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201320620574.XU Expired - Lifetime CN203988501U (en) | 2013-10-10 | 2013-10-10 | A kind of polyether-ether-ketone artificial spine intervertebral disc |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN203988501U (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103479451A (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2014-01-01 | 北京贝思达生物技术有限公司 | Polyether-ether-ketone artificial spine intervertebral disc |
| CN105105889A (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2015-12-02 | 深圳清华大学研究院 | Artificial lumbar intervertebral disc prosthesis |
| CN109475665A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2019-03-15 | 沙特基础工业全球技术公司 | Backbone rack and its manufacturing method |
| CN110934672A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2020-03-31 | 承德医学院附属医院 | Interbody fusion cage and implant |
-
2013
- 2013-10-10 CN CN201320620574.XU patent/CN203988501U/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103479451A (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2014-01-01 | 北京贝思达生物技术有限公司 | Polyether-ether-ketone artificial spine intervertebral disc |
| CN105105889A (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2015-12-02 | 深圳清华大学研究院 | Artificial lumbar intervertebral disc prosthesis |
| CN109475665A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2019-03-15 | 沙特基础工业全球技术公司 | Backbone rack and its manufacturing method |
| CN110934672A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2020-03-31 | 承德医学院附属医院 | Interbody fusion cage and implant |
| CN110934672B (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2022-02-01 | 承德医学院附属医院 | Interbody fusion cage and implant |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CX01 | Expiry of patent term | ||
| CX01 | Expiry of patent term |
Granted publication date: 20141210 |