CN203963889U - Disymmetry shell-and-tube sulfuric acid cooler - Google Patents
Disymmetry shell-and-tube sulfuric acid cooler Download PDFInfo
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- CN203963889U CN203963889U CN201420151312.8U CN201420151312U CN203963889U CN 203963889 U CN203963889 U CN 203963889U CN 201420151312 U CN201420151312 U CN 201420151312U CN 203963889 U CN203963889 U CN 203963889U
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- heat exchanging
- exchanging segment
- acid
- temperature
- bobbin carriage
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Abstract
Disymmetry shell-and-tube sulfuric acid cooler, relates to the heat transmission equipment of heat recovery in high-temperature acid cooling procedure.Comprise pipe shell type heat exchange section A and heat exchanging segment B that two radial symmetric and structure are identical, also comprise that sour import bobbin carriage, acid connect bobbin carriage, acid outlet bobbin carriage, connecting water pipe or drum.Two heat exchanging segment shell sides are connected and just become steam generator with drum, two heat exchanging segment shell sides are connected and just become water heater with pipeline.On-line measurement acid out temperature and the sour temperature value being connected in bobbin carriage are measured the coolant-temperature gage value in saturated vapor temperature value or water entrance temperature and tube connector simultaneously, calculate the characteristic ratio of acid cooler by these temperature values.Once leak, the actual numerical value meeting marked change of this characteristic ratio, with the generation of this monitoring leakage.
Description
Technical field:
The utility model relates to the technology category of heat transmission equipment in chemical plant installations, especially relates to the heat exchanger of heat recovery in high-temperature concentrated sulfuric acid cooling procedure.
Background technology:
Sulfuric acid is combined into by sulfur trioxide and water, because this reaction is very violent exothermic reaction, in sulfuric acid manufacture process, be to adopt temperature sulfur trioxide in the concentrated sulfuric acid of 80 ℃ of left and right absorbs gas, the heat that absorption process produces does not have value because recycle acid temperature is lower, conventionally can only with recirculated cooling water come cooling and by this heat discharged to atmosphere.
This heat recovery and utilization to be produced to steam or heating boiler feedwater, reach the object that Waste Heat Recovery is utilized, just need to improve the temperature of recycle acid.Current sulfuric acid apparatus low-temperature level heat recovery technology has been brought up to this recycle acid temperature more than 200 ℃, can produce pressure up to the saturated vapor of 1.0MPa, or all or part of heat is fed water for heating boiler.
Sulfuric acid is strongly corrosion liquid, and more highly corrosive is larger, the dense more low-corrosiveness of acid is larger for temperature.Because the water lateral pressure of this type of sulfuric acid cooler is greater than sour lateral pressure, once leak, be that water leaks in acid.The diluting reaction of sulfuric acid and water is again that strong exothermal reaction, the heat of dilution are very large, once leak, makes the dense decline of sour temperature rise acid, and corrosivity just sharply increases, and causes to leak fast to expand.
What utilize at present that the steam generator of sulfuric acid waste heat adopts is that U-shaped tube bank, string acid cooler are the shell-and-tube heat exchangers of single tube journey, can not detect in time by the mutual ANOMALOUS VARIATIONS between the sour temperature of the gentle outlet of middle acid the generation of leakage.If can not find in time, this type of acid cooler can a badly damaged even whole equipment scrapping.
Summary of the invention:
The purpose of this utility model is to solve the problem that the sulfuric acid cooler that water lateral pressure is high can not detect in time, reliably judgement is leaked, and reaches the object of safety in production, protection equipment, convenient for maintaining.
Sulfuric acid cooler also will continue to use after always will using and leaking generation, repairing, go round and begin again until serious leakage is scrapped it.While leak starting, be that water leaks in acid, acid is dense can be reduced, but acid concentration on-line measurement more complicated, influence factor is more, measure error is larger, with the dense reduction of acid, judges in time acid cooler leakage, and probability of miscarriage of justice is large.Water leaks in acid, and sour temperature will raise, and the on-line measurement of acid temperature is simple, cheap, influence factor is few, can accurately measure, and the ANOMALOUS VARIATIONS warm with acid judges that the leakage of acid cooler is reliable in time.
The technical scheme that the utility model adopts is:
Disymmetry shell-and-tube sulfuric acid cooler, comprises in structure that sour import bobbin carriage, heat exchanging segment A, acid connect bobbin carriage, heat exchanging segment B, acid outlet bobbin carriage, connecting water pipe or drum.It is characterized in that: heat exchanging segment A (2) is shell-and-tube heat exchanger structure radial symmetric and that structure is identical with heat exchanging segment B (4); Acid import bobbin carriage (1) is connected with heat exchanging segment A (2), and heat exchanging segment A is connected bobbin carriage (3) with acid and connects, and acid connects bobbin carriage and is connected with heat exchanging segment B (4), and heat exchanging segment B is connected with acid outlet bobbin carriage (5).These two radial symmetric and the identical pipe shell type heat exchange section of structure, not only can exchange but also can turn around, because under normal conditions, corrode the most seriously often near the import of the highest heat exchanging segment A of acid temperature, heat exchanging segment is turned around---sour import becomes acid outlet, acid outlet becomes sour import---just can extend the service life of acid cooler.When preparing standby redundancy, two heat exchanging segments only need to be made a 3rd identical heat exchanging segment as spare part, both saved the maintenance cost of this acid cooler, and the quality of single heat exchanging segment are light, and installation is changed also convenient.
For this disymmetry shell-and-tube sulfuric acid cooler, the shell side of heat exchanging segment A and heat exchanging segment B is connected with down-comer with the tedge of steam drum (6), just become a steam generator; The shell side that connects respectively heat exchanging segment A and heat exchanging segment B with the two ends of connecting water pipe (7), has just become a water heater.
On-line measurement acid out temperature and these 3 the sour temperature values of acid temperature that are connected in bobbin carriage, simultaneously these 3 the coolant-temperature gage values of water temperature in on-line measurement saturated vapor temperature value or water entrance temperature and connecting water pipe.By these temperature values, can calculate heat exchange amount and the heat transfer characteristic number of this each heat exchanging segment of disymmetry shell-and-tube sulfuric acid cooler.
According to heat balance, for the heat output of heat exchanging segment A, be:
Q
A＝K
AAΔT
mA (1) ；
And this section of acid is cooling, moves hot heat exchange amount and be:
Q
A＝mC
pAΔT
A (2) ；
Two heat exchange amounts are equal, and (1) formula equals (2) formula, therefore have:
mC
pA/(K
AA)＝ΔT
mA/ΔT
A (3) ；
Make the characteristic quantity F of heat exchanging segment A
a=mC
pA/ (K
aa):
F
A＝ΔT
mA/ΔT
A (4) ；
In like manner, for heat exchanging segment B, have:
F
B＝ΔT
mB/ΔT
B (5) ；
Order:
R＝F
A/F
B (6) ；
:
R＝ΔT
mAΔT
B/ΔT
mBΔT
A (7) ；
In formula: Q
a---the heat exchange amount of heat exchanging segment A;
K
a---the overall heat-transfer coefficient of heat exchanging segment A;
A---the heat transfer area of heat exchanging segment A;
Δ T
mA---the heat transfer mean temperature difference of heat exchanging segment A;
M---sour flow;
C
pA---the sour mean heat capacity of heat exchanging segment A;
Δ T
a---the temperature difference is imported and exported in the acid of heat exchanging segment A;
F
a---the characteristic quantity of heat exchanging segment A is heat transfer mean temperature difference and the sour ratio of importing and exporting the temperature difference of heat exchanging segment A;
Δ T
mB---the heat transfer mean temperature difference of heat exchanging segment B;
Δ T
b---the temperature difference is imported and exported in the acid of heat exchanging segment B;
F
b---the characteristic quantity of heat exchanging segment B is heat transfer mean temperature difference and the sour ratio of importing and exporting the temperature difference of heat exchanging segment B;
R---acid cooler characteristic ratio, the ratio of two heat exchanging segment characteristic quantitys.
During normal operation, the characteristic ratio of acid cooler approaches 1.When device operating parameter changes, the characteristic of this acid cooler can change than also, its amplitude of variation depends on it is the variation that causes of which parameter and the rate of change of this parameter, but along with the adjustment of operating parameter finishes, the heat exchange of sulfuric acid cooler can reach again a new balance, and at this moment the characteristic of this acid cooler is than getting back near 1 again.
Once sulfuric acid cooler leaks, can there is marked change in the actual numerical value of this characteristic ratio being obtained by the Temperature numerical calculation of measuring, and along with the expansion of leaking more and more departs from normal value, the generation that can leak with this Real-Time Monitoring.
When sulfuric acid cooler occurs to leak, always from certain spot corrosion, start.If heat exchanging segment A leaks, the sour dense reduction of heat exchanging segment A outlet, sour temperature rise, because this temperature rise value characteristic quantity that is not heat exchanging segment A changes, cause, the characteristic quantity that exports the heat exchanging segment A that sour temperature calculates with the heat exchanging segment A after leakage is numerically just greater than the real characteristic quantity of heat exchanging segment A.The water bleeding can connect bobbin carriage and sour fine mixing in acid, the impact of leaking the characteristic quantity of the initial amount of bleeding exchange hot arc B can be ignored, and the characteristic quantity that exports the heat exchanging segment B that sour temperature calculates with the heat exchanging segment A after leakage numerically still equals the real characteristic quantity of heat exchanging segment B.Therefore, the characteristic of this sulfuric acid cooler is than just abnormal increase.When leakage makes heat exchanging segment A export sour temperature abnormality, raise 1 ℃, characteristic is than increasing more than 10%; When making heat exchanging segment A export sour temperature abnormality, leakage raises 2 ℃, characteristic is than increasing 20% to 30%, and the dense reduction value of acid be now less than import acid dense 0.2%, the sensitiveness angle of leaking from judgement, more responsive more than 100 times than the dense rate of change of acid by the rate of change of the characteristic ratio of temperature computation.
If heat exchanging segment B leaks, sulfuric acid cooler outlet (heat exchanging segment B outlet) sour dense reduction, sour temperature rise, the characteristic quantity that is not heat exchanging segment B due to this temperature rise value equally changes and causes, the characteristic quantity that exports the heat exchanging segment B that sour temperature calculates with the heat exchanging segment B after leaking is numerically just greater than the real characteristic quantity of heat exchanging segment B, and now the characteristic quantity of heat exchanging segment A does not change, the characteristic of this sulfuric acid cooler is than abnormal the reducing of meeting.When leakage makes heat exchanging segment B export sour temperature abnormality, raise 1 ℃, characteristic ratio reduces 6% left and right; When leakage makes heat exchanging segment B export sour temperature abnormality, raise 2 ℃, characteristic ratio reduces 12% left and right.
Two identical heat exchanging segments of structure are reference each other, by measuring in real time acid temperature, water temperature and steam temperature are online, with the characteristic of this sulfuric acid cooler, than calculated value, carrys out monitoring leakage, the generation of the leakage that just can form a prompt judgement in time.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is elaborated.
Accompanying drawing explanation:
Fig. 1, disymmetry shell-and-tube sulfuric acid cooler is as the planar structure schematic diagram of steam generator;
Fig. 2, disymmetry shell-and-tube sulfuric acid cooler is as the facade structures schematic diagram of steam generator;
Fig. 3, disymmetry shell-and-tube sulfuric acid cooler is as the planar structure schematic diagram of water heater;
Fig. 4, disymmetry shell-and-tube sulfuric acid cooler is as the facade structures schematic diagram of water heater.
In each accompanying drawing: 1 sour import bobbin carriage, 2 heat exchanging segment A, 3 acid connect bobbin carriage, 4 heat exchanging segment B, 5 acid outlet bobbin carriages, 6 drums, 7 connecting water pipes.
The specific embodiment:
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the utility model is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
The disymmetry shell-and-tube sulfuric acid cooler that the low-temperature level heat recovery tower recycle acid of certain 300,000 tons/year of sulfuric acid apparatus adopts, comprises that sour import bobbin carriage, heat exchanging segment A, acid connect bobbin carriage, heat exchanging segment B, acid outlet bobbin carriage and drum.Tube side is walked in acid, water is walked shell side, connects bobbin carriage the sour side of two heat exchanging segments is coupled together with acid.The vapor uptake of heat exchanging segment A and heat exchanging segment B is connected with the tedge that stretches into inside steam drum and supports drum, and the water down-comer of drum is drawn from drum bottom with the shell-side bottom water inlet of two heat exchanging segments and is connected.Heat exchanging segment shell side is water carburation by evaporation process, and this disymmetry shell-and-tube sulfuric acid cooler is a steam generator, produces the saturated vapor of absolute pressure 0.8MPa.Recycle acid concentration is 99.50%, 205 ℃ of sour inlet temperatures, 183 ℃ of outlet temperatures, 170 ℃ of drum water temperatures.During stable operation, heat exchanging segment A outlet acid temperature (heat exchanging segment B inlet temperature) is 191.3 ℃, and the characteristic of this steam generator is 1.01 than R.
When heat exchanging segment A occur to leak, heat exchanging segment A outlet acid temperature can raise extremely, and heat exchanging segment B exports sour temperature also can correspondingly raise (because the heat transfer characteristic number of heat exchanging segment B is substantially constant).When leakage make heat exchanging segment A export sour temperature abnormality raise 1 ℃, while reaching 192.3 ℃, heat exchanging segment B exports sour temperature also can correspondingly be increased to 183.6 ℃, at this moment the characteristic of this steam generator has become 1.11 than R, and acid is dense, just from 99.50%, reduces to 99.41%; When leak to continue expand make heat exchanging segment A export sour temperature abnormality raise 2 ℃, while reaching 193.3 ℃, characteristic just soars to 1.23 than R, at this moment sour dense still 99.32%.
When heat exchanging segment B occurs to leak, heat exchanging segment B outlet acid temperature can raise extremely, and at this moment heat exchanging segment A outlet acid temperature (heat exchanging segment B import acid temperature) is that heat transfer characteristic number normal, heat exchanging segment A is constant.When leakage make heat exchanging segment B export sour temperature abnormality raise 1 ℃, while reaching 184 ℃, characteristic is down to 0.85 than R thereupon; Along with the generation of corrosion is leaked and can be expanded fast, when leakage make heat exchanging segment B export sour temperature abnormality raise 2 ℃, while reaching 185 ℃, characteristic just drops to 0.71 than R.
Embodiment 2
The low-temperature level heat recovery tower recycle acid string of 800000 tons/year of sulfuric acid apparatus goes out the disymmetry shell-and-tube sulfuric acid cooler that acid adopts, and comprises that sour import bobbin carriage, heat exchanging segment A, acid connect bobbin carriage, heat exchanging segment B, acid outlet bobbin carriage, connecting water pipe.With acid, connecting bobbin carriage couples together the sour side of two heat exchanging segments, with connecting water pipe, the water side of two heat exchanging segments is coupled together.Water is walked shell side, tube side is walked in acid, full countercurrent flow, and in order to heating boiler feedwater, this string acid cooler boiler water-suppling heater that is otherwise known as.String acid concentration is 99.60%, and 180 ℃ of sour inlet temperatures, 150 ℃ of outlet temperatures, be heated to 172 ℃ by boiler feedwater from 104 ℃.During stable operation, heat exchanging segment A outlet acid temperature (heat exchanging segment B inlet temperature) is that the water temperature in the connecting water pipe in the middle of 171.2 ℃, two heat exchanging segments is 152 ℃, and the characteristic of this acid cooler is 1.00 than R.
When heat exchanging segment A occur to leak, heat exchanging segment A outlet acid temperature can raise extremely, and heat exchanging segment B exports sour temperature also can correspondingly raise (because the heat transfer characteristic number of heat exchanging segment B is substantially constant).When leakage make heat exchanging segment A export sour temperature abnormality raise 1 ℃, while reaching 172.2 ℃, heat exchanging segment B exports sour temperature also can correspondingly be increased to 150.4 ℃, at this moment the characteristic of this acid cooler has become 1.12 than R, and acid is dense, just from 99.60%, reduces to 99.51%; When leak to continue expand make heat exchanging segment A export sour temperature abnormality raise 2 ℃, while reaching 173.2 ℃, characteristic just soars to 1.30 than R, at this moment sour dense still 99.42%.
When heat exchanging segment B occurs to leak, heat exchanging segment B outlet acid temperature can raise extremely, and at this moment heat exchanging segment A outlet acid temperature (heat exchanging segment B import acid temperature) is that heat transfer characteristic number normal, heat exchanging segment A is constant.When leakage make heat exchanging segment B export sour temperature abnormality raise 1 ℃, while reaching 151 ℃, characteristic is down to 0.94 than R thereupon; Along with the generation of corrosion is leaked and can be expanded fast, when leakage make heat exchanging segment B export sour temperature abnormality raise 2 ℃, while reaching 152 ℃, characteristic just drops to 0.88 than R.
If this disymmetry shell-and-tube sulfuric acid cooler is not full countercurrent flow but half countercurrent flow, be heat exchanging segment A countercurrent flow, heat exchanging segment B following current heat exchange or heat exchanging segment B countercurrent flow, heat exchanging segment A following current heat exchange, while normally moving, the characteristic of this acid cooler is not near 1 but the substantially fixing numerical value of another one than R, and when leaking generation, this characteristic is than also marked change occurring.In like manner, if this disymmetry shell-and-tube sulfuric acid cooler is all-cis stream heat exchange, when leaking generation, its characteristic is than equally marked change occurring.
Although above-mentioned 2 specific embodiments have been described the utility model, this description does not mean that and is construed as limiting.With reference to after description of the present utility model, for person skilled in the art, obviously can make various corrections to the disclosed embodiments.Within various similar correction all falls into claim scope of the present utility model.
Claims (2)
1. disymmetry shell-and-tube sulfuric acid cooler, comprises sour import bobbin carriage, heat exchanging segment A, acid connection bobbin carriage, heat exchanging segment B, acid outlet bobbin carriage, connecting water pipe or drum, it is characterized in that:
Heat exchanging segment A (2) is shell-and-tube heat exchanger structure radial symmetric and that structure is identical with heat exchanging segment B (4);
Acid import bobbin carriage (1) is connected with heat exchanging segment A (2), and heat exchanging segment A is connected bobbin carriage (3) with acid and connects, and acid connects bobbin carriage and is connected with heat exchanging segment B (4), and heat exchanging segment B is connected with acid outlet bobbin carriage (5).
2. disymmetry shell-and-tube sulfuric acid cooler according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
The shell side of heat exchanging segment A (2) and heat exchanging segment B (4) is connected with down-comer with the tedge of steam drum (6), just becomes a steam generator;
The shell side that connects respectively heat exchanging segment A and heat exchanging segment B with the two ends of connecting water pipe (7), has just become a water heater.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420151312.8U CN203963889U (en) | 2014-04-01 | 2014-04-01 | Disymmetry shell-and-tube sulfuric acid cooler |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420151312.8U CN203963889U (en) | 2014-04-01 | 2014-04-01 | Disymmetry shell-and-tube sulfuric acid cooler |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN203963889U true CN203963889U (en) | 2014-11-26 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103836602A (en) * | 2014-04-01 | 2014-06-04 | 丁华 | Double-symmetrical-tube-shell type sulfuric acid cooler |
-
2014
- 2014-04-01 CN CN201420151312.8U patent/CN203963889U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103836602A (en) * | 2014-04-01 | 2014-06-04 | 丁华 | Double-symmetrical-tube-shell type sulfuric acid cooler |
| CN103836602B (en) * | 2014-04-01 | 2016-03-02 | 丁华 | Disymmetry shell-and-tube sulfuric acid cooler |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |
Granted publication date: 20141126 Effective date of abandoning: 20160302 |
|
| C25 | Abandonment of patent right or utility model to avoid double patenting |