CN103836602B - Disymmetry shell-and-tube sulfuric acid cooler - Google Patents
Disymmetry shell-and-tube sulfuric acid cooler Download PDFInfo
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- CN103836602B CN103836602B CN201410125533.2A CN201410125533A CN103836602B CN 103836602 B CN103836602 B CN 103836602B CN 201410125533 A CN201410125533 A CN 201410125533A CN 103836602 B CN103836602 B CN 103836602B
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- acid
- exchanging segment
- temperature
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Abstract
Disymmetry shell-and-tube sulfuric acid cooler relates to the heat transmission equipment of heat recovery in high-temperature concentrated sulfuric acid cooling procedure.Comprise two radial symmetric and the identical pipe shell type heat exchange section A of structure and heat exchanging segment B, also comprise sour import bobbin carriage, acid connects bobbin carriage, acid outlet bobbin carriage, connecting water pipe or drum.Connect bobbin carriage with acid to be coupled together the sour side of two heat exchanging segments, being connected with drum by two heat exchanging segment shell sides just becomes steam generator, is connected by two heat exchanging segment shell sides just become water heater with connecting water pipe.On-line measurement acid out temperature and the sour temperature value be connected in bobbin carriage, the water temperature angle value simultaneously in measurement saturated vapor temperature value or water entrance temperature and tube connector, calculates the characteristic ratio of acid cooler by these temperature values.Once leak, the actual numerical value meeting marked change of this characteristic ratio, with the generation of this monitoring leakage.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the technology category of heat transmission equipment in chemical plant installations, especially relate to the heat exchanger of heat recovery in high-temperature concentrated sulfuric acid cooling procedure.
Background technology:
Sulfuric acid is combined into by sulfur trioxide and water, due to the exothermic reaction that this reaction is very violent, adopt temperature at the concentrated sulfuric acid of about 80 DEG C to absorb sulfur trioxide in gas in sulfuric acid manufacture process, the heat that absorption process produces does not have value because recycle acid temperature is lower, usually can only cool with recirculated cooling water and by this heat discharged to air.
This heat recovery and utilization to be produced steam or heating boiler feed water, reach the object that Waste Heat Recovery utilizes, just need the temperature improving recycle acid.This recycle acid temperature has been brought up to more than 200 DEG C by current sulfuric acid apparatus low-temperature level heat recovery technology, can produce the saturated vapor of pressure up to 1.0MPa, or all or part of heat is used for heating boiler feed water.
Sulfuric acid is strongly corrosion liquid, and more highly corrosive is larger, the dense more low-corrosiveness of acid is larger for temperature.Because the water lateral pressure of this type of sulfuric acid cooler is greater than sour lateral pressure, once leak, be that water leaks in acid.The diluting reaction of sulfuric acid and water is again that strong exothermal reaction, the heat of dilution are very large, once leak, the dense decline of acid while making sour temperature rise, corrosivity just sharply increases, and causes leakage rapid expansion.
What utilize the steam generator of sulfuric acid waste heat to adopt at present is U-tube bundle, string acid cooler is the shell-and-tube heat exchanger of single tube journey, does not detect the generation of leakage by the mutual ANOMALOUS VARIATIONS between the sour temperature of the gentle outlet of middle acid in time.If can not Timeliness coverage, this type of acid cooler can a badly damaged even whole equipment scrapping.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the invention is to solve the problem that the high sulfuric acid cooler of water lateral pressure can not detect, reliably judge leakage in time, reach the object of safety in production, proterctive equipment, convenient for maintaining.
Continuation also uses after always will using and leaking generation, repairing by sulfuric acid cooler, goes round and begins again until serious leakage makes it scrap.When leaking beginning, be that water leaks in acid, acid is dense can be reduced, but acid concentration on-line measurement more complicated, influence factor are more, measure error is comparatively large, and judge that acid cooler leaks in time with the reduction that acid is dense, probability of miscarriage of justice is large.Water leaks in acid, and sour temperature will raise, and the on-line measurement of acid temperature is simple, cheap, influence factor is few, can accurately measure, and judges that the leakage of acid cooler is reliable in time by the ANOMALOUS VARIATIONS of acid temperature.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
Adopt two radial symmetric and the identical pipe shell type heat exchange section of structure, be equivalent to U-tube bundle is divided into two in length or the shell-and-tube heat exchanger of single tube journey is cut into two sections, tube side is walked in acid, water walks shell side, connects bobbin carriage coupled together the sour side of two heat exchanging segments, coupled together the water side of two heat exchanging segments with a connecting water pipe or a steam drum with an acid.Structure comprises sour import bobbin carriage, heat exchanging segment A, acid connection bobbin carriage, heat exchanging segment B, acid outlet bobbin carriage, connecting water pipe or drum.Acid import bobbin carriage is connected with heat exchanging segment A, and heat exchanging segment A is connected bobbin carriage with acid and connects, and acid connects bobbin carriage and is connected with heat exchanging segment B, and heat exchanging segment B exports bobbin carriage with acid and is connected.These two full symmetrics and identical pipe shell type heat exchange section, not only can exchange but also can turn around, because under normal conditions, corrode the most serious often near the import of the highest heat exchanging segment A of acid temperature, turned around by heat exchanging segment---sour import becomes acid outlet, acid outlet becomes sour import---just can extend the service life of acid cooler.When preparing standby redundancy, the 3rd heat exchanging segment that two heat exchanging segments only need making one identical, as spare part, both saved the maintenance cost of this acid cooler, and the quality of single heat exchanging segment is light, and it is also convenient to install replacing.
The tedge of disymmetry shell-and-tube sulfuric acid cooler two heat exchanging segment shell sides and a steam drum and down-comer are connected, water carries out carburation by evaporation at shell-side, and this disymmetry shell-and-tube sulfuric acid cooler has just become a steam generator; Coupled together by disymmetry shell-and-tube sulfuric acid cooler two heat exchanging segment shell sides pipeline, water is at shell-side by heat temperature raising, and this disymmetry shell-and-tube sulfuric acid cooler has just become a water heater.
On-line measurement acid out temperature and these 3 sour temperature values of the acid temperature be connected in bobbin carriage, while on-line measurement saturated vapor temperature value or water entrance temperature and connecting water pipe in these 3 water temperature angle value of water temperature.Heat exchange amount and the heat transfer characteristic number of each heat exchanging segment of this disymmetry shell-and-tube sulfuric acid cooler can be calculated by these temperature values.
According to heat balance, the heat output for heat exchanging segment A is:
Q
A＝K
AAΔT
mA(1)
And this section of sour heat exchange amount of moving heat that cools is:
Q
A＝mC
pAΔT
A(2)
Two heat exchange amounts are equal, and namely (1) formula equals (2) formula, therefore has:
mC
pA/(K
AA)＝ΔT
mA/ΔT
A(3)
Make the characteristic quantity F of heat exchanging segment A
a=mC
pA/ (K
aa):
F
A＝ΔT
mA/ΔT
A(4)
In like manner, for heat exchanging segment B, have:
F
B＝ΔT
mB/ΔT
B(5)
Order:
R＝F
A/F
B(6)
Then:
R＝ΔT
mAΔT
B/ΔT
mBΔT
A(7)
In formula: Q
a---the heat exchange amount of heat exchanging segment A;
K
a---the overall heat-transfer coefficient of heat exchanging segment A;
A---the heat transfer area of heat exchanging segment A;
Δ T
mA---the heat transfer mean temperature difference of heat exchanging segment A;
M---sour flow;
C
pA---the mean heat capacity of the acid of heat exchanging segment A;
Δ T
a---the temperature difference is imported and exported in the acid of heat exchanging segment A;
F
a---the characteristic quantity of heat exchanging segment A, the ratio of the temperature difference is imported and exported in heat transfer mean temperature difference and acid for heat exchanging segment A;
Δ T
mB---the heat transfer mean temperature difference of heat exchanging segment B;
Δ T
b---the temperature difference is imported and exported in the acid of heat exchanging segment B;
F
b---the characteristic quantity of heat exchanging segment B, the ratio of the temperature difference is imported and exported in heat transfer mean temperature difference and acid for heat exchanging segment B;
R---acid cooler characteristic ratio, the ratio of two heat exchanging segment characteristic quantitys.
During normal operation, the characteristic ratio of acid cooler is close to 1.When device operating parameter changes, the characteristic of this acid cooler can change than also, its amplitude of variation depends on it is the rate of change of the change that causes of which parameter and this parameter, but along with the adjustment of operating parameter terminates, the heat exchange of sulfuric acid cooler can reach again a new balance, and at this moment the characteristic of this acid cooler is than getting back near 1 again.
Once sulfuric acid cooler leaks, can there is marked change in the actual numerical value of this characteristic ratio obtained by the Temperature numerical calculation measured, and along with leak expansion more and more depart from normal value, the generation can leaked with this Real-Time Monitoring.
When sulfuric acid cooler occurs to leak, always from certain spot corrosion.If heat exchanging segment A leaks, heat exchanging segment A exports sour dense reduction, sour temperature rise, the characteristic quantity change not being heat exchanging segment A due to this temperature rise value causes, and the characteristic quantity exporting the heat exchanging segment A that sour temperature calculates with the heat exchanging segment A after leakage is numerically just greater than the real characteristic quantity of heat exchanging segment A.The water bled can connect bobbin carriage in acid and mix very well with acid, the impact of leaking the characteristic quantity of the initial amount of bleeding exchange hot arc B can be ignored, and the characteristic quantity exporting the heat exchanging segment B that sour temperature calculates with the heat exchanging segment A after leakage numerically still equals the real characteristic quantity of heat exchanging segment B.Therefore, the characteristic of this sulfuric acid cooler increases than just abnormal.Raise 1 DEG C when leakage makes heat exchanging segment A export sour temperature abnormality, characteristic ratio can increase more than 10%; 2 DEG C are raised when leakage makes heat exchanging segment A export sour temperature abnormality, characteristic ratio can increase 20% to 30%, and the dense decreasing value of acid is now less than import acid dense 0.2%, from the sensitiveness angle judging to leak, by the rate of change of the characteristic ratio of temperature computation rate of change responsive more than 100 times denseer than acid.
If heat exchanging segment B leaks, sulfuric acid cooler outlet (heat exchanging segment B exports) sour dense reduction, sour temperature rise, the characteristic quantity change not being heat exchanging segment B due to this temperature rise value equally causes, the characteristic quantity exporting the heat exchanging segment B that sour temperature calculates with the heat exchanging segment B after leakage is numerically just greater than the real characteristic quantity of heat exchanging segment B, and now the characteristic quantity of heat exchanging segment A does not change, then the characteristic of this sulfuric acid cooler is than can extremely reduce.Raise 1 DEG C when leakage makes heat exchanging segment B export sour temperature abnormality, characteristic is than reduction about 6%; Raise 2 DEG C when leakage makes heat exchanging segment B export sour temperature abnormality, characteristic is than reduction about 12%.
Two identical heat exchanging segments of structure reference each other, by acid temperature, water temperature and steam temperature On-line sampling system, carrys out monitoring leakage by the characteristic of this sulfuric acid cooler than calculated value, and just can form a prompt judgement the generation of leaking in time.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is elaborated.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1, disymmetry shell-and-tube sulfuric acid cooler is used as the planar structure schematic diagram of steam generator;
Fig. 2, disymmetry shell-and-tube sulfuric acid cooler is used as the facade structures schematic diagram of steam generator;
Fig. 3, disymmetry shell-and-tube sulfuric acid cooler is used as the planar structure schematic diagram of water heater;
Fig. 4, disymmetry shell-and-tube sulfuric acid cooler is used as the facade structures schematic diagram of water heater.
In each accompanying drawing: 1 sour import bobbin carriage, 2 heat exchanging segment A, 3 acid connect bobbin carriage, 4 heat exchanging segment B, 5 acid outlet bobbin carriage, 6 drums, 7 connecting water pipes.
Detailed description of the invention:
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
The disymmetry shell-and-tube sulfuric acid cooler of the low-temperature level heat recovery tower recycle acid employing of certain 300,000 tons/year of sulfuric acid apparatus, comprises sour import bobbin carriage, heat exchanging segment A, acid connection bobbin carriage, heat exchanging segment B, acid outlet bobbin carriage and drum.Tube side is walked in acid, water walks shell side, connects bobbin carriage coupled together the sour side of two heat exchanging segments with acid.The vapor uptake of heat exchanging segment A and heat exchanging segment B is connected with the tedge stretching into inside steam drum and supports drum, the water down-comer of drum bottom drum, draw the shell-side with two heat exchanging segments bottom water inlet be connected.Heat exchanging segment shell side is water carburation by evaporation process, and this disymmetry shell-and-tube sulfuric acid cooler is a steam generator, produces the saturated vapor of absolute pressure 0.8MPa.Recycle acid concentration is 99.50%, sour inlet temperature 205 DEG C, outlet temperature 183 DEG C, drum water temperature 170 DEG C.During stable operation, it is 191.3 DEG C that heat exchanging segment A exports acid temperature (heat exchanging segment B inlet temperature), and the characteristic of this steam generator is 1.01 than R.
When heat exchanging segment A occurs to leak, heat exchanging segment A exports acid temperature and can extremely raise, and heat exchanging segment B exports sour temperature and also can correspondingly raise (because the heat transfer characteristic number of heat exchanging segment B is substantially constant).When leakage make heat exchanging segment A export sour temperature abnormality raise 1 DEG C, namely reach 192.3 DEG C time, heat exchanging segment B exports sour temperature also correspondingly can be increased to 183.6 DEG C, and at this moment the characteristic of this steam generator becomes 1.11 than R, and acid is dense just reduces to 99.41% from 99.50%; When leak continue expansion make heat exchanging segment A export sour temperature abnormality raise 2 DEG C, reach 193.3 DEG C time, characteristic just soars to 1.23 than R, at this moment sour dense still 99.32%.
When heat exchanging segment B occurs to leak, heat exchanging segment B exports acid temperature and can abnormal raise, and at this moment heat exchanging segment A exports acid temperature (heat exchanging segment B import acid temperature) be heat transfer characteristic number that is normal, heat exchanging segment A is constant.When leakage make heat exchanging segment B export sour temperature abnormality raise 1 DEG C, namely reach 184 DEG C time, characteristic is down to 0.85 than R thereupon; Generation along with corrosion is leaked can rapid expansion, when leakage make heat exchanging segment B export sour temperature abnormality raise 2 DEG C, namely reach 185 DEG C time, characteristic just drops to 0.71 than R.
Embodiment 2
The low-temperature level heat recovery tower recycle acid string of 800000 tons/year of sulfuric acid apparatus goes out the disymmetry shell-and-tube sulfuric acid cooler of acid employing, comprises sour import bobbin carriage, heat exchanging segment A, acid connection bobbin carriage, heat exchanging segment B, acid outlet bobbin carriage, connecting water pipe.Connect bobbin carriage with acid the sour side of two heat exchanging segments to be coupled together, couples together with the water side of connecting water pipe by two heat exchanging segments.Water walks shell side, tube side is walked in acid, full countercurrent flow, and in order to heating boiler feed water, this string acid cooler is otherwise known as boiler water-suppling heater.String acid concentration is 99.60%, and sour inlet temperature 180 DEG C, outlet temperature 150 DEG C, be heated to 172 DEG C by boiler feedwater from 104 DEG C.During stable operation, the water temperature that heat exchanging segment A exports in the connecting water pipe that acid temperature (heat exchanging segment B inlet temperature) is 171.2 DEG C, two heat exchanging segments are middle is 152 DEG C, and the characteristic of this acid cooler is 1.00 than R.
When heat exchanging segment A occurs to leak, heat exchanging segment A exports acid temperature and can extremely raise, and heat exchanging segment B exports sour temperature and also can correspondingly raise (because the heat transfer characteristic number of heat exchanging segment B is substantially constant).When leakage make heat exchanging segment A export sour temperature abnormality raise 1 DEG C, namely reach 172.2 DEG C time, heat exchanging segment B exports sour temperature also correspondingly can be increased to 150.4 DEG C, and at this moment the characteristic of this acid cooler becomes 1.12 than R, and acid is dense just reduces to 99.51% from 99.60%; When leak continue expansion make heat exchanging segment A export sour temperature abnormality raise 2 DEG C, reach 173.2 DEG C time, characteristic just soars to 1.30 than R, at this moment sour dense still 99.42%.
When heat exchanging segment B occurs to leak, heat exchanging segment B exports acid temperature and can abnormal raise, and at this moment heat exchanging segment A exports acid temperature (heat exchanging segment B import acid temperature) be heat transfer characteristic number that is normal, heat exchanging segment A is constant.When leakage make heat exchanging segment B export sour temperature abnormality raise 1 DEG C, namely reach 151 DEG C time, characteristic is down to 0.94 than R thereupon; Generation along with corrosion is leaked can rapid expansion, when leakage make heat exchanging segment B export sour temperature abnormality raise 2 DEG C, namely reach 152 DEG C time, characteristic just drops to 0.88 than R.
If this disymmetry shell-and-tube sulfuric acid cooler is not full countercurrent flow but half countercurrent flow, i.e. heat exchanging segment A countercurrent flow, heat exchanging segment B following current heat exchange or heat exchanging segment B countercurrent flow, heat exchanging segment A following current heat exchange, when then normally running, the characteristic of this acid cooler is not 1 near than R but the numerical value substantially fixed of another one, and when leaking generation, this characteristic is than also marked change occurring.In like manner, if this disymmetry shell-and-tube sulfuric acid cooler is all-cis stream heat exchange, when leaking generation, its characteristic is than marked change occurring equally.
Although above-mentioned 2 specific embodiments describe the present invention, this description does not mean that and is construed as limiting.With reference to after description of the invention, for person skilled in the art, obviously various correction can be made to the disclosed embodiments.Various similar correction all falls within right of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. disymmetry shell-and-tube sulfuric acid cooler, comprises sour import bobbin carriage, heat exchanging segment A, acid connection bobbin carriage, heat exchanging segment B, acid outlet bobbin carriage, connecting water pipe or drum, it is characterized in that:
That heat exchanging segment A (2) and heat exchanging segment B (4) are radial symmetric and the shell-and-tube heat exchanger structure that structure is identical;
Acid import bobbin carriage (1) is connected with heat exchanging segment A (2), and heat exchanging segment A is connected bobbin carriage (3) with acid and connects, and acid connects bobbin carriage and is connected with heat exchanging segment B (4), and heat exchanging segment B exports bobbin carriage (5) with acid and is connected;
The tedge of two heat exchanging segment shell sides and steam drum and down-comer are connected and just become steam generator, two heat exchanging segment shell sides are coupled together with a connecting water pipe and has just become water heater.
2. disymmetry shell-and-tube sulfuric acid cooler according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: measure sour out temperature and the sour temperature value be connected in bobbin carriage, measure the water temperature angle value in the temperature value of saturated vapor or water entrance temperature and tube connector simultaneously, the characteristic ratio of this acid cooler is calculated by these temperature values, and with the generation of this monitoring leakage.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4576813A (en) * | 1983-07-05 | 1986-03-18 | Monsanto Company | Heat recovery from concentrated sulfuric acid |
| RU2107240C1 (en) * | 1994-04-01 | 1998-03-20 | Государственный научно-исследовательский институт химических продуктов | Process sulfuric acid cooler |
| CN100557305C (en) * | 2008-08-22 | 2009-11-04 | 常州联合锅炉容器有限公司 | Steam generator |
| CN201412818Y (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2010-02-24 | 孟莫克化工成套设备(上海)有限公司 | Steam generator for recovering heat of a vitriol device at a low temperature state |
| CN202546699U (en) * | 2012-03-21 | 2012-11-21 | 江苏科圣化工机械有限公司 | Sulfuric acid low temperature heat energy recycling device |
| CN202648140U (en) * | 2012-06-08 | 2013-01-02 | 江苏三步网络科技有限公司 | Air source heat pump medium heating device |
| CN203131782U (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2013-08-14 | 江苏科圣化工机械有限公司 | Low-temperature heat recycling device for sulfuric acid |
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| CN203963889U (en) * | 2014-04-01 | 2014-11-26 | 丁华 | Disymmetry shell-and-tube sulfuric acid cooler |
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