CN203942505U - A kind of laser triggered vacuum switch and switching system - Google Patents
A kind of laser triggered vacuum switch and switching system Download PDFInfo
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- CN203942505U CN203942505U CN201420311036.7U CN201420311036U CN203942505U CN 203942505 U CN203942505 U CN 203942505U CN 201420311036 U CN201420311036 U CN 201420311036U CN 203942505 U CN203942505 U CN 203942505U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of laser triggered vacuum switch and triggering system device thereof.Laser triggered vacuum switch comprises closed shell, the first electrode main part, the second electrode main part.The first electrode main part comprises arcing electrode, the first electrode flange, the first electrode platform, focus lamp.The second electrode main part comprises arcing electrode, the second electrode flange, the second electrode platform, target electrode.Triggering system device mainly comprises computer, transducer, switching circuit board, laser and laser triggered vacuum switch.The operating voltage of laser triggered vacuum switch is up to 30kV, operating current is up to 500kA, problems such as not existing in the past electric pulse to trigger high pressure isolation difficulty, trigger poor stability, useful life is short, can effectively reduce laser trigger energy, improves time delay and the shake of switching device.The laser of triggering system device has been realized miniaturization completely, its supporting laser system is simplified greatly, without special power supply device, water cooling unit and laser collimation system.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to high pressure high current pulse switch technical field, more specifically, relates to a kind of laser triggered vacuum switch and switching system.
Background technology
Pulse Power Techniques are a kind of with lower power (voltage, electric current) storage electric field (magnetic field) energy, taking much higher power conversion as pulse electromagnetic energy and be discharged into the electric physical technique going in certain loads, be also the product that nanosecond pulse electronics, general high voltage technique and applied physics combine by it.Along with its developing rapidly and applying in national defence and civilian high-tech, high pressure high current pulse switch has become one of Primary Component of the modern Pulse Power Techniques development of restriction.As the electric energy such as electromagnetic railgun drive weapon, require the huge energy in energy-storage travelling wave tube to be discharged in load by switch to the utmost point short time of sub-millisecond in nanosecond, the output waveform (particularly rise time) of switching characteristic and the pulse power is directly connected to parameter (going out running time in thorax speed, the thorax) control of electromagnetic emission etc.And superpower laser, high energy Long pulse accelerator, high power microwave weapon etc. also require switch to have high power and high repetition frequency.Therefore, repetition, at a high speed, high pressure, heavy current pulse power switch be that domestic and international related personnel pays close attention to and the direction of endeavouring research and development always.
At present, the high pressure high current switch of studying morely mainly contains gas gap switch, semiconductor switch and Triggered Vacuum Switch.Wherein, gas gap switch is simple and easy to do, and discharge capacity is large, but it is under-voltage too higher than the ratio of self-breakdown voltage (the reliable triggering and conducting voltage with), and operating voltage range is narrow, is only generally 85%～100% self-breakdown voltage, uses very inconvenient.Semiconductor switch control is convenient, easily realize repetition and trigger, but discharge capacity and steepness is inadequate, and manufacturing cost is high.Triggered Vacuum Switch discharge capacity is large, through-flow steepness is high, under-voltage than little (being generally 5%～100% self-breakdown voltage), coulomb electric charge on state characteristic is good, and reliability is high, low to environmental requirement, but when it triggers, extend, shake is large, life-span and poor work stability, insulation isolation difficulty, repetition triggers to control and is difficult to realize.Along with going deep into of research, laser triggers gas spark switch and starts to enter everybody visual field and applied and develop.But it has two large problems to be difficult to overcome, and the one, gas switch is triggered to the laser energy requiring larger, make the volume of laser triggering system large, cost is high, greatly hindered its application development; The 2nd, it is under-voltage than high shortcoming that it still has gas gap switch.
Laser is triggered to gas spark switch to laser triggered vacuum switch and vacuum switch merges, and in conjunction with both advantages, by Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation being produced on target electrode to initial plasma, then under the effect of main electrode voltage, makes switch conduction.Laser triggered vacuum switch has wider operating voltage range and higher coulomb electric charge on state characteristic, and its triggering system is relatively independent, and antijamming capability is strong, and triggering is stable, time delay is short, it is little to shake, and can realize repetition and trigger.
Although laser triggered vacuum switch has good prediction advantage, meet the desired performance of high pressure high current pulse switch, also few about the research of laser triggered vacuum switch both at home and abroad at present, and major part is all in the principle exploration stage.Laser triggered vacuum switch generally comprises the first arcing electrode, the second arcing electrode and target electrode, between two relative end faces of the first arcing electrode and the second arcing electrode, leave laser triggered gap, target electrode is placed in groove fixing, when this structure forms electric arc between electrode, easily larger ablation is caused on target surface, triggering the initial plasma arrival anode forming needs more outside energy and time, makes the time delay of switch and shake larger, and the life-span is shorter.In addition, the triggered gap of this structure less (about 5mm), only has a discharge channel, bears the scope narrower (5～30KV) of applied voltage, flow-resistant capacity not good (maximum current that can bear is about 15KA).These cause the laser energy of laser triggered vacuum switch triggering needs larger, and supporting Optical Maser System is huger thereupon, need to configure the attachment devices such as power supply device, water cooling unit, laser collimation system, expensive.For these reasons, during existing laser triggered vacuum switch is difficult to practical application and produces.
Utility model content
For above defect or the Improvement requirement of prior art, the utility model provides a kind of laser triggered vacuum switch and switching system, the operating voltage of laser triggered vacuum switch can be up to 30kV, operating current can be up to 500kA, the problem of serious restriction application such as not existing electric pulse in the past to trigger high pressure isolation difficulty, trigger poor stability, useful life is short, laser trigger energy be can effectively reduce, time delay and the shake of switching device improved.In switching system, greatly simplify with the supporting laser system of laser triggered vacuum switch, laser has been realized miniaturization completely, thereby without special power supply device, water cooling unit and laser collimation system, can be widely used in actual production.
For achieving the above object, according to an aspect of the present utility model, provide a kind of laser triggered vacuum switch, it is characterized in that, comprised closed shell, the first electrode main part, the second electrode main part; Described closed shell is made up of insulation crust and the first electrode flange and the second electrode flange that are arranged on insulation crust two ends; Described the first electrode main part comprises the first arcing electrode, the first electrode platform and focus lamp; Described the second electrode main part comprises the second arcing electrode, the second electrode platform and target electrode; The reverse frustoconic that described the first electrode platform is hollow, is fixed on described the first electrode flange by metal sleeve, and described focus lamp is embedded in described metal sleeve, contacts with described metal sleeve sealing, and described metal sleeve is provided with screwed hole; Described the second electrode platform is reverse frustoconic, is fixed on described the second electrode flange by electrode foundation, and described electrode foundation is provided with screwed hole; Described target electrode is positioned on described the second electrode platform, and just right with described focus lamp, the focus of described focus lamp drops on described target electrode.
Preferably, the surface of the bottom surface of described target electrode and described the second electrode platform maintains an equal level.
Preferably, described target electrode is the triggering sheet of pyramid type, circular platform type or square.
Preferably, described the first arcing electrode comprises multiple sub-electrodes, on described the first electrode platform, arranges along even circumferential; Described the second arcing electrode comprises multiple sub-electrodes, on described the second electrode platform, arranges along even circumferential; Multiple sub-electrodes of multiple sub-electrodes of described the first arcing electrode and described the second arcing electrode extend and interlaced arrangement in opposite directions, the gap width of adjacent sub-electrode equates, and this gap width equates to the gap width of relative electrode platform with sub-electrode top, the gap of adjacent sub-electrode and the gap formation main discharge gap of sub-electrode top to relative electrode platform.
According on the other hand of the present utility model, a kind of switching system is provided, it is characterized in that, comprise computer, receiver, switching circuit board, laser and the laser triggered vacuum switch as described in any one in claim 1 to 4; Described receiver, described switching circuit board and described laser are connected successively, and the output of described laser is by the primary optical axis of the focus lamp of laser triggered vacuum switch described in optical fiber align.
In general, the above technical scheme of conceiving by the utility model compared with prior art, has following beneficial effect:
1, target electrode is positioned on the second electrode platform, compared with intercalation electrode platform, effectively increase the contact area of target electrode and laser pulse, shorten the distance of target electrode and the first arcing electrode, be conducive to reduce laser trigger energy, improve time delay and the shake of switching device, the ablation of electric arc to the second arcing electrode while simultaneously having avoided switch conduction, has improved the stability of laser triggered vacuum switch.
2, at the Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation window of laser triggered vacuum switch, focus lamp is set, just right with target electrode, focus lamp focuses on laser pulse on target electrode, can effectively reduce laser trigger energy.
3, main electrode adopts multiple electrode structure, the first arcing electrode and the second arcing electrode form by multiple sub-electrodes, interlaced arrangement, form main discharge gap, its space potential distribution comparison rule, really realize the structural design of many gaps parallel connection, be conducive to transfer and the diffusion of vacuum arc.Within electric field mainly concentrates on the space of two electrodes surrounding, field intensity is large, taking oblique as main, laser pulse and target electrode interact the initial plasma that produces under the effect of electric field taking oblique movement as main, they and the more plasma of electrode surface collision excitation, so iterative cycles, is conducive to realize the conducting of main gap, and conduction property is better.
4, discharging gap distance can reach 15mm, and withstand voltage scope can reach 50V～30KV, and through-current capability is strong, can under 5KA～500KA, stablize conducting.Because required laser trigger energy reduces (a few milli Jiao just can conducting) greatly, supporting laser system is simplified greatly, and the supply voltage of laser can be low to moderate 8V～9V, therefore without special power supply device, water cooling unit and laser collimation system.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the laser triggered vacuum switch of the utility model embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the cutaway view of the laser triggered vacuum switch shown in Fig. 1 along A-A line;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the switching system of the utility model embodiment.
In institute's drawings attached, identical Reference numeral is used for representing identical element or structure, wherein: 1-insulation crust, 2-metallic shield, 3-support, 4-the first electrode flange, 5-the second electrode flange, the air-breathing ring of 6-, 7-vacuum chamber, 8,9-screwed hole, 10-electrode foundation, 11-the first electrode platform, 12-the second electrode platform, 13-focus lamp, 14-metal sleeve, 15-target electrode, 16-the first arcing electrode, 17-the second arcing electrode, 18-main discharge gap.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose of this utility model, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the utility model is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only in order to explain the utility model, and be not used in restriction the utility model.In addition,, in each execution mode of described the utility model, involved technical characterictic just can combine mutually as long as do not form each other conflict.
As shown in Figure 1, the laser triggered vacuum switch of the utility model embodiment comprises closed shell, the first electrode main part and the second electrode main part.
Closed shell is made up of insulation crust 1 and the first electrode flange 4 and the second electrode flange 5 that are arranged on insulation crust 1 two ends.Metallic shield 2 is fixed in insulation crust 1 by support 3.The first electrode main part comprises the first arcing electrode 16, the first electrode platform 11 and focus lamp 13; The second electrode main part comprises the second arcing electrode 17, the second electrode platform 12 and target electrode 15.
The reverse frustoconic that the first electrode platform 11 is hollow, is fixed on the first electrode flange 4 by metal sleeve 14, and metal sleeve 14 is provided with screwed hole 8, is convenient to laser triggered vacuum switch and external circuit and realizes electric or mechanical connection.Focus lamp 13 is embedded in metal sleeve 14, contacts with metal sleeve 14 sealings.The second electrode platform 12 is reverse frustoconic, is fixed on the second electrode flange 5 by electrode foundation 10, and electrode foundation 10 is provided with screwed hole 9, is convenient to laser triggered vacuum switch and external circuit and realizes electric or mechanical connection.On the first electrode flange 4 and the second electrode flange 5, be respectively equipped with air-breathing ring 6, the gas producing for absorbing arc burning process, maintains the vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber 7 in closed shell, and the pressure of vacuum chamber 7 is 10-3Pa～10-5Pa.
Insulation crust 1 is made up of electrical insulating material.Metallic shield 2, for limiting the combustion range of electric arc, avoids metal vapors to be deposited on inner walls, thereby makes the first arcing electrode 16 and the second arcing electrode 17 keep insulation.The radome of metal material is more conducive to metal vapors in its surface attachment in addition, thereby effectively maintains the condition of high vacuum degree of switching device inside, makes electric field keep stable.The first arcing electrode 16 and the second arcing electrode 17 are made up of the metal alloy of arc ablation resistance, and vacuum-resistant electric arc ability is strong, and after ensureing repeatedly to use, ablation is all right.
Target electrode 15, for triggering sheet, is positioned on the second electrode platform 12, and the surface of its bottom surface and the second electrode platform 12 maintains an equal level.Target electrode 15 is just right with focus lamp 13, and the focus of focus lamp 13 drops on target electrode 15.Focus lamp 13 is for focusing on laser pulse target electrode 15, the non-embedded contact area that has increased laser pulse and target electrode 15 that arranges of target electrode 15, shorten the distance of target electrode 15 and the first arcing electrode 16, in certain scope, reduce the laser trigger energy needing, the ablation of electric arc to electrode while having avoided switch conduction, has improved the stability of laser triggered vacuum switch.Trigger sheet and can adopt various structures type, such as pyramid type, circular platform type or square etc.Preferably, triggering sheet is pyramid type structure, compares compared with other structure, and pyramid type structure can further reduce laser trigger energy.
Target electrode 15 is mixed by metal and metal halide salt, and metal can be titanium, aluminium, copper, tungsten etc., and metal halide salt can be chlorination slaine, iodate slaine etc.For example, target electrode can be mixed by titanium and potassium chloride, in titanium, mix after potassium chloride, under the effect of laser pulse, after titanium is heated, transfer heat to rapidly potassium chloride, make its fast electric from, in addition, titanium and potassium chloride also can, because of the photoelectric action portions of electronics of overflowing, be conducive to the triggering of switching device, thereby can effectively reduce laser trigger energy.The manufacturing process of target electrode also has corresponding requirement, metal and metal halide salt powder is placed in to mould compressing, applies suitable pressure, on the one hand dusty material is combined closely, on the other hand must not mold damage.
As shown in Figure 2, the first arcing electrode 16 comprises multiple sub-electrodes, on the first electrode platform 11, arrange along even circumferential, the second arcing electrode 17 comprises multiple sub-electrodes, on the second electrode platform 12, arrange along even circumferential, the sub-electrode of the sub-electrode of the first arcing electrode 16 and the second arcing electrode 17 extends and interlaced arrangement in opposite directions, and the cross section of each sub-electrode is approximately trapezoidal.The gap width of adjacent sub-electrode equates, and this gap width is equal to the gap width of relative electrode platform with sub-electrode top, and the gap of adjacent sub-electrode and sub-electrode top form main discharge gap to the gap of relative electrode platform.Such electrode structure makes space potential distribution comparison rule, owing to there are multiple main gaps (being discharge channel), has really realized the structural design of many gaps parallel connection, is conducive to transfer and the diffusion of vacuum arc.The sub-electrode number designed, designed according to actual needs of the sub-electrode number of the first arcing electrode 16 and the second arcing electrode 17, is preferably 2～6.
As shown in Figure 3, the switching system of the utility model embodiment comprises computer, transducer, switching circuit board, laser and laser triggered vacuum switch.Transducer, switching circuit board and laser are connected successively, and the output of laser for example, is aimed at the primary optical axis of the focus lamp of laser triggered vacuum switch by transmission channel (optical fiber).Computer is used for sending controls laser by the work order of preset frequency triggering (being N laser pulse signal of transmitting in the unit interval), the work order that transducer sends for receiving computer also converts thereof into the instruction that switching circuit board can be identified, the instruction that switching circuit board receives for basis, control laser works, make laser send laser pulse signal by preset frequency.
Transducer can be receiver or single-chip microcomputer, and in the time that transducer is receiver, the information between computer and transducer passes through wireless radio transmission and realizes, and in the time that transducer is single-chip microcomputer, computer is connected by netting twine or optical fiber with transducer.Laser can adopt the military miniature laser that has completed collimation, and cost is relatively low, and without additional power source charger and cooling system.This switching system can realize easily Long-distance Control and repetition triggers.
The operation principle of this switching system is as follows: computer sends controls the work order that laser triggers by preset frequency, the work order that transducer receiving computer sends also converts thereof into the discernible instruction of switching circuit board, switching circuit board is according to the instruction receiving, control laser works, make laser send laser pulse signal by preset frequency.Laser pulse signal for example, transmits through transmission channel (optical fiber), export and be irradiated on focus lamp 13 along the primary optical axis of focus lamp 13, line focus mirror 13 focuses on target electrode 15, after metal material in target electrode 15 is heated, transfer heat to rapidly metal halide salt, make its fast electric from, in addition, metal and metal halide salt also can be because of the photoelectric action portions of electronics of overflowing, meanwhile, laser pulse and the interactional calorifics effect of triggering sheet also can produce negative particle (electronics and anion).Subsequently, ion constantly generates formation ion current, and negative particle moves from negative electrode anode, inspire more cation at anode, cation, from anode to cathode motion, goes out more anion, electronics and neutral particle at cathode excitation, so move in circles, form electric current, make switch conduction.
Because the main electrode of laser triggered vacuum switch is made up of multiple sub-electrodes, there are multiple discharge channels, the initial plasma that target electrode produces moves to main electrode under the effect of electric field, excites and produces more plasma.In addition, target electrode adopts the triggering sheet being mixed by metal and metal halide salt, take full advantage of on the one hand hot good and metal halide salt fusing point is low, work function the is little characteristic of metal guide, make heat can pass to rapidly metal halide salt, make its fast electric from, simultaneously metal and metal halide salt also can be because of the photoelectric action portions of electronics of overflowing, on the other hand, target electrode is positioned on the second electrode platform, compared with the structure embedding in groove, has increased effective contact area when laser triggers.These designs have all greatly reduced laser trigger energy, time delay and the shake of switching device are improved, the anticathode ablation of electric arc while having avoided switch conduction, improve the stability of laser triggered vacuum switch, thereby the supporting laser system of laser triggered vacuum switch is simplified greatly, meet Technical Economy requirement, can be widely used in actual production.
Those skilled in the art will readily understand; the foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present utility model; not in order to limit the utility model; all any amendments of doing within spirit of the present utility model and principle, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in protection range of the present utility model.
Claims (5)
1. a laser triggered vacuum switch, is characterized in that, comprises closed shell, the first electrode main part, the second electrode main part;
Described closed shell is made up of insulation crust and the first electrode flange and the second electrode flange that are arranged on insulation crust two ends; Described the first electrode main part comprises the first arcing electrode, the first electrode platform and focus lamp; Described the second electrode main part comprises the second arcing electrode, the second electrode platform and target electrode; The reverse frustoconic that described the first electrode platform is hollow, is fixed on described the first electrode flange by metal sleeve, and described focus lamp is embedded in described metal sleeve, contacts with described metal sleeve sealing, and described metal sleeve is provided with screwed hole; Described the second electrode platform is reverse frustoconic, is fixed on described the second electrode flange by electrode foundation, and described electrode foundation is provided with screwed hole; Described target electrode is positioned on described the second electrode platform, and just right with described focus lamp, the focus of described focus lamp drops on described target electrode.
2. laser triggered vacuum switch as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the surface of the bottom surface of described target electrode and described the second electrode platform maintains an equal level.
3. laser triggered vacuum switch as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described target electrode is the triggering sheet of pyramid type, circular platform type or square.
4. laser triggered vacuum switch as claimed any one in claims 1 to 3, is characterized in that, described the first arcing electrode comprises multiple sub-electrodes, on described the first electrode platform, arranges along even circumferential; Described the second arcing electrode comprises multiple sub-electrodes, on described the second electrode platform, arranges along even circumferential; Multiple sub-electrodes of multiple sub-electrodes of described the first arcing electrode and described the second arcing electrode extend and interlaced arrangement in opposite directions, the gap width of adjacent sub-electrode equates, and this gap width equates to the gap width of relative electrode platform with sub-electrode top, the gap of adjacent sub-electrode and the gap formation main discharge gap of sub-electrode top to relative electrode platform.
5. a switching system, is characterized in that, comprises computer, receiver, switching circuit board, laser and the laser triggered vacuum switch as described in any one in claim 1 to 4; Described receiver, described switching circuit board and described laser are connected successively, and the output of described laser is by the primary optical axis of the focus lamp of laser triggered vacuum switch described in optical fiber align.
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| CN201420311036.7U CN203942505U (en) | 2014-06-11 | 2014-06-11 | A kind of laser triggered vacuum switch and switching system |
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| CN201420311036.7U CN203942505U (en) | 2014-06-11 | 2014-06-11 | A kind of laser triggered vacuum switch and switching system |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104113314A (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2014-10-22 | 华中科技大学 | Laser trigger vacuum switch and switch system |
| CN104617491A (en) * | 2015-01-21 | 2015-05-13 | 华中科技大学 | Surface breakdown type two-pair-rod electrode structural triggered vacuum switch |
| CN107743031A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-02-27 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of laser triggering multi-stage vacuum switch |
| CN108539580A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-09-14 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Low-trigger-light-energy light-trigger gas switch and light path design method thereof |
| US11879927B2 (en) | 2018-12-18 | 2024-01-23 | S&C Electric Company | Triggered vacuum gap fault detection methods and devices |
-
2014
- 2014-06-11 CN CN201420311036.7U patent/CN203942505U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104113314A (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2014-10-22 | 华中科技大学 | Laser trigger vacuum switch and switch system |
| CN104617491A (en) * | 2015-01-21 | 2015-05-13 | 华中科技大学 | Surface breakdown type two-pair-rod electrode structural triggered vacuum switch |
| CN107743031A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-02-27 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of laser triggering multi-stage vacuum switch |
| CN107743031B (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2019-08-13 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of laser triggering multi-stage vacuum switch |
| CN108539580A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-09-14 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Low-trigger-light-energy light-trigger gas switch and light path design method thereof |
| US11879927B2 (en) | 2018-12-18 | 2024-01-23 | S&C Electric Company | Triggered vacuum gap fault detection methods and devices |
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