CN203918690U - A kind of device of eccentric shaft formula variable curvature groove processing high-precision sphere - Google Patents
A kind of device of eccentric shaft formula variable curvature groove processing high-precision sphere Download PDFInfo
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- CN203918690U CN203918690U CN201420263602.1U CN201420263602U CN203918690U CN 203918690 U CN203918690 U CN 203918690U CN 201420263602 U CN201420263602 U CN 201420263602U CN 203918690 U CN203918690 U CN 203918690U
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 36
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 26
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 20
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 12
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- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011553 magnetic fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
A kind of device of eccentric shaft formula variable curvature groove processing high-precision sphere, comprise frame, top lap, lower abrasive disk and loading system, top lap connects top lap main shaft, lower abrasive disk connects lower abrasive disk main shaft, top lap main shaft is connected with driving mechanism respectively with lower abrasive disk main shaft, top lap be positioned at lower abrasive disk directly over, loading system is positioned on top lap, top lap main shaft and lower abrasive disk spindle eccentricity, the center of top lap has spheroid entrance, the end face of lower abrasive disk is offered the groove of variable curvature track, the lower end of spheroid entrance is communicated with the entrance of groove, the entrance of circulation ball delivery device is connected with the outlet of groove, the outlet of circulation ball delivery device is connected with the upper end of spheroid entrance.The utility model machining accuracy and working (machining) efficiency, processing uniformity are high, simultaneously simple in structure, and the required precision of processing and assembling is low.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the spherical part process technology of high accuracy, relate to a kind of processing unit (plant) of high-precision sphere, especially precise finiss/the polishing processing device of high-precision ceramic balls in high speed, high-precision ceramic ball bearing.
Background technology
Accurate ball is the critical elements in the fine measuring instruments such as roundness measuring equipment, gyroscope, and the benchmark of Chang Zuowei accurate measurement (as spindle rotation accuracy).Accurate ball occupies very consequence in precision engineering field.Bearing directly affects kinematic accuracy and the life-span of bearing by the precision (spherical deviation and surface roughness) of ball, and then affects the performance of instrument, functions of the equipments.Compare with traditional bearing steel ball material (GCr15), the advanced ceramics materials such as silicon nitride are considered to manufacture the optimal material of bearing ball of working under ramjet, high speed and precision lathe, precision instrument high speed, high accuracy and particular surroundings, because it has wear-resisting, high temperature resistant, corrosion-resistant, nonmagnetic, low-density (for 40% left and right of bearing steel), the series of advantages such as coefficient of thermal expansion little (be bearing steel 25%) and elastic modelling quantity large (for 1.5 times of bearing steel).The advanced ceramics such as silicon nitride belong to hard crisp difficult-to-machine material, and the Ceramic Balls blank after material sintering mainly adopts the method for grinding (roughing) → grinding (semifinishing) → polishing (fine finishining) to process.For the grinding/glossing of Ceramic Balls, process adopts free abrasive, under the effect of machinery, chemical effect, Ceramic Balls base surfacing is carried out to small removal, to reach raising dimensional accuracy, improves the object of surface integrity.Traditional Ceramic Balls grinding/polishing is mainly to carry out on the V-shaped groove milling apparatus of machining steel bearing ball, adopts the diamond abrasive of hard, costliness as abrasive material, the process-cycle long (complete ceramic batch ball and need several time-of-weeks).Very long process and expensive diamond abrasive have caused high manufacturing cost, have limited the application of Ceramic Balls.Along with improving constantly of instrument and equipment precision, the machining accuracy of the special substance spheroids such as Ceramic Balls is had higher requirement, need to improve working (machining) efficiency and uniformity to reduce production costs simultaneously.
Grinding/burnishing device has important impact to the grinding precision of Ceramic Balls and efficiency.In process of lapping, the lapping mode of ball base and lap tool has directly determined the grinding balling-up campaign of ball base.And guaranteeing under the prerequisite of the quality of blank ball own and other processing conditions (pressure, speed, abrasive material), can grind trace uniform fold sphere be high-efficient grinding ball base, improves sphericity, obtains the key of high-accuracy ball.Therefore, must in the motion state of grinding/polishing process, analyse in depth the running of grinding/burnishing device and Ceramic Balls, grasp the reason that affects precision and efficiency, rational equipment and corresponding processing technology could be provided for the processing of Ceramic Balls.
At present, have some corresponding method machining high-precision spheroids both at home and abroad, these methods are mainly divided into lap tool processing method and mill processing method.Lap tool processing method working (machining) efficiency is low, and precision is high.Mill polishing working (machining) efficiency is high, but precision is low, and it comprises V-shaped groove polishing, circle groove polishing, conical disc polishing, angle of rotation ACTIVE CONTROL polishing, magnetic suspension polishing etc.In the process such as V-shaped groove attrition process, circle groove attrition process, conical disc attrition process, ball base can only be made " constant relative bearing " and grind motion, the axis of rotation that is ball base is fixed the space orientation of hollow shaft, and ball base is around a fixing axis of rotation rotation.Practice and theory analysis all show that " constant relative bearing " grinds motion is disadvantageous to the grinding of ball, the grinding trace that the contact point of ball base and abrasive disk forms on ball base surface is one group and take the annulus that the ball base axis of rotation is axle, abrasive disk carries out " repeatability " grinding along three coaxial circles traces of three contact points to ball base, be unfavorable for that ball base surface obtains evenly and grinds rapidly, in reality processing, need to rely on ball base to skid, the phenomenons such as stirring, make the spin axis of ball base and the relative workpiece orientation of hollow shaft occur slowly to change, reach the object of even grinding, but the variation of this spin angle is very slow, random, uncontrollable, thereby sphericity and the working (machining) efficiency of processing have been limited.And angle of rotation ACTIVE CONTROL polishing have can independent rotation three abrasive disks, can change to adjust by controlling lap speed the orientation of the spin axis of ball base, ball base can be made " change relative bearing " and grind motion, the grinding trace on ball base surface is to take the Spatial Sphere surface curve that the ball base axis of rotation is axle, can cover the even whole ball base of major part surface, be conducive to ball base surface and obtain evenly, grind efficiently.But device power source is many, structure and control system are complicated, and manufacture and assembly precision are had to higher requirement, and processing cost is high.The principal character of Ceramic Balls magnetic suspension attrition process is to adopt magnetic fluid technique to realize the high-efficient grinding to ball base, except the mode difference to the pressurization of ball base, it is basic identical with the motion mode in V-shaped groove attrition process and conical disc attrition process that it grinds motion mode, therefore, in its process, sphericity is restricted equally.Magnetic suspension abrasive working appts and control are complicated, and the cost of magnetic fluid is also higher.
In sum, for the processing of the difficult-to-machine material high-precise balls such as Ceramic Balls, be badly in need of a kind of existing higher machining accuracy and working (machining) efficiency, have again simple in structure, the Ceramic Balls grinding/polishing equipment that manufacturing cost is lower.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome existing sphericity and working (machining) efficiency is low, processing unit (plant), processing uniformity is poor and control the deficiency complicated, cost is high, the invention provides a kind of machining accuracy and working (machining) efficiency, processing uniformity high, simultaneously simple in structure, the device of the eccentric shaft formula variable curvature groove processing high-precision sphere that processing and the required precision of assembling are low.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of device of eccentric shaft formula variable curvature groove processing high-precision sphere, comprise frame, top lap, lower abrasive disk and loading system, described top lap connects top lap main shaft, described lower abrasive disk connects lower abrasive disk main shaft, described top lap main shaft and lower abrasive disk main shaft are installed in rotation in frame, described top lap main shaft is connected with driving mechanism respectively with lower abrasive disk main shaft, described top lap be positioned at lower abrasive disk directly over, described loading system is positioned on described top lap, described top lap main shaft and lower abrasive disk spindle eccentricity, on described top lap, have spheroid entrance, the end face of described lower abrasive disk is offered the groove of variable curvature track, the lower end of described spheroid entrance is communicated with the entrance of described groove, the entrance of circulation ball delivery device is connected with the outlet of described groove, the outlet of described circulation ball delivery device is connected with the upper end of described spheroid entrance.
Further, the entrance of the groove of described variable curvature track is connected with the second material disc, and the outlet of described groove is connected with the first material disc, and described the first material disc is connected with circulation ball delivery device one end, and the described circulation ball delivery device other end is connected with the second material disc.
Further, described groove track is shaped as helix.Certainly, can be also other continuous excessive variable curvature curve.
The slot pitch of described variable curvature groove is that congruence distance, full displacement or equidistant displacement exist simultaneously.
Technical conceive of the present invention is: adopt upper and lower abrasive disk spindle eccentricity, variable curvature groove on top lap and lower abrasive disk forms abrasive structure, contact and grind with 3 of spheroid formations, by upper and lower abrasive disk, rotarilyd actuate, circulation ball delivery device can make spheroid to be processed processing for several times continuously.The direction that upper and lower lap speed direction increases along variable curvature track radius of curvature, on groove, the curvature at every some place is not identical, variation by upper and lower abrasive disk spindle eccentricity and groove curvature can realize rotatablely moving in ball base three degree of freedom direction, spheroid moves along variable curvature groove, realize " change relative bearing " and grind motion, grinding track is evenly distributed on the surface of ball, realizes the even grinding to spherome surface.The ball load of a ball load of variable curvature groove and traditional V-shaped groove processing method is suitable, only has a circle to grind groove improved the processing of sphere efficiency than two rotating disk lapping modes.Spheroid is under variable curvature groove mill lapping mode, and the path that every ball experiences is consistent, has greatly improved batch uniformity of the processing of sphere.Pressue device applies elastic load to ball base, can make larger ball be subject to larger load, thereby can guarantee all the time good grinding size selectivity in process---and grind large ball, do not grind or grind less bead; The major axis of abrading-ball base, does not grind or grinds less minor axis, therefore can revise fast spherical deviation.According to adopting different variable curvature trajectories on lower abrasive disk, this Novel grinding apparatus can adopt several versions, and its design philosophy is identical with operation principle, and a kind of abrasive disk configuration mode of take below wherein provides explanation as example.
This lapping device adopts upper and lower abrasive disk to form grinding assembly.Top lap is rotated by driven by motor in process, ball base is applied to elastic load simultaneously.On lower abrasive disk, have the groove of variable curvature track, lower abrasive disk main shaft is driven by another motor, and upper and lower abrasive disk rotary main shaft is eccentric.Process, ball base to be processed is under upper lower burrs rotarilys actuate, in groove, along variable curvature track, revolve round the sun and rotation, ball base to be processed goes out variable curvature groove and enters after circulation ball delivery device, again from top lap entrance, enter machining area, under the effect of abrasive material, and so forth for several times, realize material and remove, reach the object of grinding balling-up.Variable curvature groove track curvature of a curve changes the variation that can control angle of rotation orientation in ball base spinning motion process, bias between top lap main shaft and lower abrasive disk main shaft also can be improved the variation in angle of rotation orientation, by choosing suitable trajectory and suitable offset, realize complete balling-up campaign.Groove trajectory on the lower abrasive disk of this device can adopt involute, equidistant helix, and unequal distant screw line, the configuration modes such as equidistant and equidistant simultaneous helix not also can reach same effect.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is: this apparatus structure is comparatively simple, the trajectory and the upper and lower abrasive disk spindle eccentricity that only by change, grind groove just can reach the motion state of ACTIVE CONTROL ball base in process of lapping, realize the grinding balling-up campaign of " change relative bearing ", while configuration cycles ball delivery device, the path experiencing in every ball base process to be processed is identical, has greatly improved uniformity and the stability of processing.In conjunction with rational grinding process technique, can effectively improve grinding precision and the grinding efficiency of Ceramic Balls, realize batch production, in machining accuracy, efficiency and frame for movement, there is obvious comprehensive advantage.This device simultaneously can also be for machining high-precision steel bearing ball, the bulb of agate ball and other material, by grinding precision and the grinding efficiency produced in batches improving accurate ball, the special substance balls such as development superhigh precision ball and Ceramic Balls all will play very positive effect, can be at a high speed, high-precision main shaft system provides crucial fundamental parts, promote Digit Control Machine Tool, the related industries such as precision instrument are towards high speed, efficiently, high-precision direction develops at a quick pace, and can progressively form the high-tech industry of professional production high-precision ceramic ball bearing, tap new sources of economic growth.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the device of axis centering type variable curvature groove processing high-precision sphere of the present invention.
Fig. 2-1 is that in the present invention, mill groove track is the schematic diagram of spiral of Archimedes shape.
Fig. 2-2 are that in the present invention, mill groove track is the nemaline schematic diagram of secondary spiral.
Fig. 3-1 is the motion analysis figure of contact point on mill top view in the present invention.
Fig. 3-2 are Ceramic Balls grinding geometrical relationship figure in the present invention.
Fig. 3-3 are the orientation diagram of angle of rotation γ in the present invention and θ.
Fig. 3-4 are the emulation schematic diagram of angle of rotation γ in the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
With reference to Fig. 1～Fig. 3-4, a device for eccentric shaft formula variable curvature groove processing high-precision sphere, comprises top lap 2, lower abrasive disk 1, compression system 3, top lap main shaft 4, lower abrasive disk main shaft 8, ball base 5, the first material disc 7, the second logistics dish 9 and circulation ball delivery device 6.Top lap 2 is connected with compression system 3, on lower abrasive disk 1, have the groove of variable curvature track, the entrance of the groove of described variable curvature track is connected with the second material disc 9, on described lower abrasive disk 1, the terminal of groove is connected with the first material disc 7, described the first material disc 7 is connected with circulation ball delivery device 6 one end, and described circulation ball delivery device 6 other ends are connected with the second material disc 9.Described top lap main shaft 4 with lower abrasive disk main shaft 8 not on same straight line, i.e. eccentric setting mutually.
Top lap main shaft 4 is with respect to the direction of the eccentric direction inversion curvature track radius of curvature growth of lower abrasive disk main shaft 8.
Groove structure on lower abrasive disk 1 forms three processing contact points of mill ball base 5 together with top lap 2, and ball base 5 to be processed moves in variable curvature groove, and its angle of rotation also changes thereupon, realizes " change relative bearing " and grinds motion.
Processing is initial, lower abrasive disk 1 is on variable curvature ditch slotted disk, to put uniformly ball base 5 to be processed, in material disc 9, put into part ball base 5 to be processed, in process, ball base 5 to be processed moves between upper and lower abrasive disk and in groove, a ball goes out variable curvature groove and enters material disc 7, another ball goes out material disc 9 and enters variable curvature groove, and circulation for several times and so forth.Under the effect of pressure and lapping liquid, after long-time processing, the material of each ball base is removed, and the abundant homogenize of trueness error and scale error finally can obtain high accuracy and high conforming ball finished product.
The present embodiment carries out in Ceramic Balls grinding/polishing process, its single ceramic ball grinding mechanism is analyzed as follows: suppose that ball base is standard ball, nothing distortion between ball base and abrasive disk contact point, without relative sliding, between ball base, nothing is pushed phenomenon, Ceramic Balls is only subject to abrasive disk effect, and upper and lower abrasive disk fricton-tightly drives Ceramic Balls to do to grind motion by the contact point with Ceramic Balls.The contact point of setting abrasive disk and Ceramic Balls as accompanying drawing 3-1,3-2 is respectively A, B, C, O
1for the top lap alignment of shafts, O
2for variable curvature track center, e is O
1, O
2between distance, O
afor the instantaneous center of curvature of the centre of sphere, O
bfor the centre of sphere, r
bfor ball base radius,
for centre of sphere O
binstantaneous polar angle,
for the instantaneous center of curvature O of the centre of sphere
awith centre of sphere O
bline and variable curvature track center O
2with centre of sphere O
bangle between line.Three contact points are respectively l to the distance of upper and lower abrasive disk gyroaxis
a, l
b, l
c, ρ is centre of sphere O
binstantaneous pole footpath.Upper and lower lap speed is respectively ω
1, ω
2.With centre of sphere O
bnormal direction and tangential motion direction set up plane coordinate system X-Y.V
athe instantaneous velocity that the upper A of dish is ordered, τ
afor V
aangle with Y-axis.Straight vertical is Z direction towards outer direction, and Fig. 3-2 provide the analysis chart of X-Z plane.The shape of groove is definite by oblique angle α, the β of lower abrasive disk inner disc and lower abrasive disk outer disk, in actual engineering application, and general α=β.Radius is with angular speed Ω in the groove that forms at lower abrasive disk of the ball base of rb
brevolution, as accompanying drawing 3-3 ball base spin velocity ω
scan be divided into ω
scomponent ω at ball base on circle heavy gauge
band ω
scomponent ω on z axle
g.Spin velocity ω
bthe direction of vector in this plane represented by θ, ω
gwith ω
sbetween angle with γ, represent.According to grinding, balling-up mechanism is known, and both direction angle θ and the γ of the ball base axis of rotation can realize the full envelope processing of spheroid as long as meet one of them deflection in [90 °, 90 °] continuous variation.The in the situation that of all constant at θ angle and γ angle, three grinding tracks that A, B, C tri-contact points form on Ceramic Balls surface are three coaxial circles.The radius of curvature of angle of rotation θ angle and γ angle and lower abrasive disk groove track and the eccentric throw of top lap axle are closely related.By changing groove trajectory and top lap rotating shaft eccentric distance, angle of rotation γ can be in [90 °～90 °] scope value, make Ceramic Balls do " change relative bearing " motion, make to grind trace and be evenly distributed on the surface of ball, realize the even grinding to Ceramic Balls surface.
The present embodiment is a lot of to grind/polishing of Ceramic Balls related geometry and technological parameter, but Ceramic Balls is ground and had mainly containing of material impact: geometric parameter r
b, ρ, e, α, β etc., and processing load W, the technological parameters such as rotating speed and abrasive material.Here inquire into emphatically wherein most important two parameters---the eccentric distance e of groove track utmost point footpath ρ and upper and lower abrasive disk two between centers.
The signal of 3-1,3-2,3-3 with reference to the accompanying drawings, groove track, as accompanying drawing 2-1, is derived according to theory, obtains
Expression formula:
Above formula shows that angle of rotation γ is the function about radius of curvature ρ and eccentric distance e, change, and γ ∈ [90 °, 90 °] changes continuously, as accompanying drawing 3-4 along with the change of ρ and eccentric distance e.Therefore, the Changing Pattern of final angle of rotation depends primarily on type and the parameter (above-mentioned derivation is applicable to the various variable curvature track grooves such as involute, helix) of eccentric throw and variable curvature track.
The abrasive material of processing is selected fixed abrasive material, free abrasive, half fixed abrasive material, and described Ceramic Balls base to be processed, between upper and lower abrasive disk working face, is evenly ground under the effect of certain load and abrasive material.Utilize the inventive method processing silicon nitride ceramic ball base, processing conditions is as following table 1:
Table 1
What following table 2 was listed is the testing result of ceramic ball finished product.From testing result: the precision level of the Ceramic Balls processing has reached the G3 precision of steel ball.
Table 2.
Claims (4)
1. the device of an eccentric shaft formula variable curvature groove processing high-precision sphere, comprise frame, top lap, lower abrasive disk and loading system, described top lap connects top lap main shaft, described lower abrasive disk connects lower abrasive disk main shaft, described top lap main shaft and lower abrasive disk main shaft are installed in rotation in frame, described top lap main shaft is connected with driving mechanism respectively with lower abrasive disk main shaft, described top lap be positioned at lower abrasive disk directly over, described loading system is positioned on described top lap, it is characterized in that: described top lap main shaft and lower abrasive disk spindle eccentricity, on described top lap, have spheroid entrance, the end face of described lower abrasive disk is offered the groove of variable curvature track, the lower end of described spheroid entrance is communicated with the entrance of described groove, the entrance of circulation ball delivery device is connected with the outlet of described groove, the outlet of described circulation ball delivery device is connected with the upper end of described spheroid entrance.
2. the device of eccentric shaft formula variable curvature groove processing high-precision sphere as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the entrance of the groove of described variable curvature track is connected with the second material disc, the outlet of described groove is connected with the first material disc, described the first material disc is connected with circulation ball delivery device one end, and the described circulation ball delivery device other end is connected with the second material disc.
3. the device of eccentric shaft formula variable curvature groove processing high-precision sphere as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: the trajectory shape of described variable curvature groove is helix.
4. the device of eccentric shaft formula variable curvature groove processing high-precision sphere as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: the slot pitch of described variable curvature groove is that congruence distance, full displacement or equidistant displacement exist simultaneously.
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| CN201420263602.1U CN203918690U (en) | 2014-05-21 | 2014-05-21 | A kind of device of eccentric shaft formula variable curvature groove processing high-precision sphere |
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| CN201420263602.1U CN203918690U (en) | 2014-05-21 | 2014-05-21 | A kind of device of eccentric shaft formula variable curvature groove processing high-precision sphere |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103991017A (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2014-08-20 | 浙江工业大学 | Device for machining high-precision sphere through shaft eccentric type curvature-variable groove |
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2014
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103991017A (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2014-08-20 | 浙江工业大学 | Device for machining high-precision sphere through shaft eccentric type curvature-variable groove |
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