CN203911455U - Hot spot current protective device of photovoltaic module - Google Patents
Hot spot current protective device of photovoltaic module Download PDFInfo
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- CN203911455U CN203911455U CN201420181108.0U CN201420181108U CN203911455U CN 203911455 U CN203911455 U CN 203911455U CN 201420181108 U CN201420181108 U CN 201420181108U CN 203911455 U CN203911455 U CN 203911455U
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- circuit
- control circuit
- type vdmos
- hot spot
- photovoltaic module
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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Abstract
A hot spot current protective device of a photovoltaic module is composed of an N-type VDMOS and an integrated control circuit. The integrated control circuit is connected between the grid electrode and the source electrode of the N-type VDMOS and used for collecting current/voltage signals of a solar battery string, when the solar battery string works normally, the integrated control circuit controls the N-type VDMOS to be connected, and when the solar battery string works abnormally, the integrated control circuit controls the N-type VDMOS to be disconnected. When the module is shielded, each local solar battery piece is in a resistance-type state, so that the power loss of the entire battery string is borne, and thus the battery string can generate abnormal current/voltage change. By means of the hot spot current protective device of the photovoltaic module, the N-type VDMOS in the circuit can be turned off, the current of the battery string can be cut off, and therefore the phenomenon that the battery pieces give out excessive heat so that hot spots can be formed is avoided.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of protective circuit, specifically relates to the hot spot electric current that the silicon solar cell in photovoltaic module is produced when working and does in good time protection.When assembly is in the situation that working, because making the solar cell piece in assembly, a variety of causes produces the electric current that may form hot spot, and protective device will cut off rapidly the battery strings electric current of this fail battery, prevents the further overheated of fail battery sheet.Solar cell piece has been played to protective effect, extended the useful life of solar cell piece.This protective device also possesses the Schottky diode of alternative bypass effect, and the heat power consumption himself producing is also less than conventional Schottky diode.This device has overtemperature protection simultaneously, trouble free service that can Assurance component terminal box.
This device is integrated in an integrated circuit, utilizes high voltage integrated circuit technique to make.Select N-type and P type VDMOS power tube as power executive component.By the packing forms of power integrated circuit, be packaged into a power integrated circuit.
Background technology
(1) as shown in Figure 1, in the assembly 10 of photovoltaic system, all have 20 pairs of solar battery strings 30 of bypass diode to protect, bypass diode 20 forms PN junction diode by a kind of metal-semiconductor contact and serves as, and is called Schottky diode.Under normal operating conditions, bypass diode, in reverse bias, does not affect the work of solar battery string.In assembly when work,, in solar battery string one or several solar cell piece 40 be because shade blocks, partial short-circuit, and the situations such as hot spot occur, regional area presents resistance type feature, produces false voltage.False voltage is contrary with the photovoltage polarity of voltage of place solar battery string 30.When,
False voltage > battery strings photovoltage voltage+diode forward cut-in voltage
After, short circuit diode is just opened, and the electric current of fail battery string (by-pass) in bypass.Prevent that some solar cell piece in solar battery string from producing excessive amount of localized heat and damaging solar cell piece.
In assembly, the electric current 50 of solar battery string is roughly at 5.4A(125x125mm
2area cells sheet) and 8.5A(156x156mm
2area cells sheet), some cell piece in solar battery string, because a variety of causes (shade blocks, partial short-circuit, fine fisssure etc.) presents resistor-type state, will generate reverse voltage.Simultaneously produce a large amount of heat being ohmic region, until reverse voltage progressively surpasses the cut-in voltage of short circuit diode, short circuit diode has just played the effect of short-circuit protection.
So, some regional area of solar cell piece be resistance type state time, these regions can produce reverse false voltage.Until false voltage has surpassed the cut-in voltage of bypass diode, bypass diode just can play the effect of bypass protection, the electric current of solar battery string just can greatly reduce.In this process, the fault zone that is resistance type has very large electric current to flow through all the time, and it is overheated to form.This process can repeat repeatedly, and the time has been grown and will produce hot spot at the regional area of solar cell, until solar cell is damaged.
The key of problem is: when bypass diode is normally worked at solar panel, be the (see figure 1) that is reverse-bias state.Bypass diode adopts silicon Schotty diode conventionally, and cut-in voltage is in 0.5V left and right.So make the opening of bypass diode place forward, must be reverse voltage that fault zone the produces voltage that is greater than battery strings (24 battery strings under different sunshine conditions generally in 8-13V left and right), add the cut-in voltage (generally in 0.5V left and right) of Schottky diode.
The reverse voltage of fault zone rises to negative 8-13V(with respect to the forward voltage of solar battery string) time, the fault region of solar cell will be subject to the effect that large electric current passes through and be heated.Repeatedly repeat, finally form hot spot.Solution is: once fault zone, produce into reverse voltage, just cut off at once the electric current of solar battery string, thereby prevent that local overheating from occurring repeatedly, fundamentally solve the generation of hot spot.
(2) bypass diode is installed in terminal box conventionally, and terminal box is fixed on the back side of assembly, and terminal box is a building block of assembly.General a string solar cell piece (12-24 sheet does not wait composition) is used a bypass diode.For assembly not of uniform size (1-3 go here and there solar panel), the short circuit diode in terminal box be 1-3 only not etc.
Terminal box is the parts of a complete totally enclosed plastic material, is generally placed in the assembly back side.In the assembling process of assembly, the opening portion of terminal box is finally filled with the material of silica type, in order to damp proof leakproof.So the radiating condition of diode is poor.Bypass diode, carrying out under the state of bypass, has the electric current of 5.4A-8.5A conventionally by (area that corresponds respectively to cell piece is 125x125mm2 and 156x156mm2).If the forward conduction voltage of diode is in about 0.5V, self power of diode is in 2.5W-4W left and right.Such power can produce very large heat, and the temperature in terminal box is constantly raise, until burning.Even can burn to assembly or the affiliated carrier (as roof) of assembly.
The heat radiation process that increases terminal box is the effective way addressing the above problem, and as strengthened the thermal capacity of terminal box, increases area of dissipation and radiating condition etc.But terminal box is complete hermetic parts, there are the enforceable authentication requestings such as very strict waterproof is damp proof.By accelerating the thinking of heat radiation process, solve heat dissipation problem, certainly will strengthen area of dissipation by increasing the thermal capacity in box, improve the methods such as heat radiation cycling condition, these all can make cost increase accordingly.
Self the conducting power consumption that reduces bypass diode is another approach, and it reduces the generation of heat from reducing the oneself power consumption of heater.As the knot diode from early stage (conducting voltage is in 0.7V left and right); To existing Schottky diode (conducting voltage is in 0.5V left and right); Until the most emerging VDMOS device (conducting voltage of saturated mode is 0.1V left and right).Even if like this, the oneself power consumption of diode is also more than 1-2W.Along with the monolithic electric current of solar cell piece constantly rises, by more and more higher to the requirement of short circuit diode.Means by reducing oneself power consumption more and more a little less than.
The function of bypass diode is the effect of having played voltage sensor; once produce for a certain reason forward voltage; and this forward voltage has surpassed the cut-in voltage of bypass diode; bypass diode has played the effect of bypass, has protected the solar battery string in assembly can not produce overheated and has damaged.But bypass diode has also produced heat when work simultaneously, in the terminal box of enclosed environment, heat is difficult for heat radiation, can be overheated after gathering, even cause burning.
Utility model content
For above-mentioned situation, the utility model provides a kind of photovoltaic module hot spot current protective device, and this device can stop the local pyrexia of fail battery sheet, extends the useful life of cell piece.
Realizing the technical solution of the utility model is: a kind of photovoltaic module hot spot current protective device, by N-type VDMOS pipe and integral control circuit, formed, integral control circuit is connected between the grid and source electrode of N-type VDMOS pipe, for gathering the current/voltage signal of solar battery string, control the Push And Release of N-type VDMOS pipe; At solar battery string, normally to when work, during curtage place normal condition, control the conducting of N-type VDMOS pipe and open, when solar battery string operation irregularity, when lower voltage or current anomaly, control N-type VDMOS pipe and turn-off cut-off.
As further improvement of the utility model, described photovoltaic module hot spot current protective device also comprises a diode, and this diode refers to Schottky diode.The positive pole of diode connects the drain electrode of N-type VDMOS pipe, and negative pole connects integral control circuit.
As further improvement of the utility model, described photovoltaic module hot spot current protective device also comprises a P type VDMOS pipe, and the source electrode of P type VDMOS pipe connects the drain electrode of N-type VDMOS pipe, and grid is connected integral control circuit with drain electrode.Its P type VDMOS pipe is actually for substituting Schottky diode.
The utility model has added one as the ic power devices that blocks use, as shown in Figure 2 in each battery strings of assembly.For working as hot spot; the reason such as block in solar battery string during output electric current; cut off the electric current of this battery strings; no current in solar battery string is flow through; stoped the local pyrexia of fail battery sheet; and reach the battery failure of protecting cell piece local pyrexia and causing, extended the useful life of cell piece.Its main power blocking element is powerful N-type VDMOS pipe.The power component that the bypass of assembly battery strings is used, can be current popular Schottky diode, also can substitute with P type VDMOS pipe.The utility model is control circuit, blocks the power device of use, and bypass is integrated in power device in the circuit of an integrated circuit, can reach the hot spot to assembly battery strings, blocks and waits the cell piece local overheating causing to protect; Also can play overtemperature protection to the temperature rise of assembly junction box.
As further improvement of the utility model, described integral control circuit is comprised of reference circuit, sample circuit, comparison circuit, control circuit drive circuit and power supply;
Described reference circuit is for providing stable reference voltage;
Described sample circuit extracts the data of solar battery string when operation in solar components in good time;
Described control circuit compares the data and the reference data that gather, and signal is passed to drive circuit;
Described drive circuit drives described N-type VDMOS pipe to carry out the action of " opening " or " pass ".
As further improvement of the utility model, described integral control circuit also has overheat protective function, when ambient temperature is during higher than set point, controls the cut-off of N-type VDMOS pipe.
As further improvement of the utility model, described integral control circuit also comprises temperature protection circuit, for detection of the temperature of integral control circuit, when temperature is during higher than the first set point, output signal to control circuit, control drive circuit and turn-off described N-type VDMOS pipe; When temperature is during lower than the second set point, output signal to control circuit, control drive circuit and open described N-type VDMOS pipe.
As further improvement of the utility model, the stagnant Henan width of described temperature protection circuit is 20 ℃-40 ℃.
This device is connected in the solar battery string of assembly, can control conducting and the blocking state of electric current in battery strings, prevent in time the abnormal work situation of battery strings in assembly, suppressed rapidly the cell piece hot spot producing due to local overheating, reduce the infringement of cell piece, also increased the life-span of assembly.Because this effect makes up effect to the power loss under abnormal work, thus under circumstance of occlusion, can reduce the loss of power output, to dust etc. minimum block the effect of also having played effective minimizing power stage.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is existing solar components;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation that the utility model embodiment 1 photovoltaic module hot spot current protective device and solar cell series winding connect;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation that the utility model embodiment 2 photovoltaic module hot spot current protective devices and solar cell series winding connect;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation that the utility model embodiment 3 photovoltaic module hot spot current protective devices and solar cell series winding connect;
Fig. 5 is the structured flowchart of integral control circuit in the utility model embodiment;
Fig. 6 is the structured flowchart of the utility model embodiment 2 photovoltaic module hot spot current protective devices;
Fig. 7 is the structured flowchart of the utility model embodiment 3 photovoltaic module hot spot current protective devices;
Fig. 8 is the circuit diagram of the utility model embodiment 1 photovoltaic module hot spot current protective device;
Fig. 9 is the circuit diagram of the utility model embodiment 2 photovoltaic module hot spot current protective devices;
Figure 10 is the circuit diagram of the utility model embodiment 2 photovoltaic module hot spot current protective devices.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 2; a kind of photovoltaic module hot spot current protective device 1; N-type VDMOS pipe 2 and integral control circuit 3, consist of, integral control circuit 3 is connected between the grid and source electrode of N-type VDMOS pipe 2, for gathering the current/voltage of solar battery string; when solar battery string is normally worked; while producing normal current/voltage, control N-type VDMOS and manage 2 conductings, in solar battery string during abnormal work; be current/voltage 50 during lower than normal value, control the cut-off of N-type VDMOS pipe.
The power tube of integral control circuit, adopts N-type VDMOS pipe, and its main feature is that conducting resistance is less than 7 milliohms, and under conducting state, power loss is less than 1W.
As shown in Figure 5, integral control circuit is comprised of reference circuit, sample circuit, comparison circuit, control circuit, drive circuit and power supply; Reference circuit is for providing stable reference voltage.Sample circuit extracts the data of solar battery string when operation in solar components in good time.Control circuit compares the data and the reference data that gather, and signal is passed to drive circuit.Drive circuit driving N type VDMOS pipe is carried out the action of " opening " or " pass ".
As shown in Figure 8; in the solid wire frame that photovoltaic module hot spot current protective device 1 shows in the drawings; be a power control integrated circuit (24V), the present embodiment can be directly used in existing assembly junction box, merges and uses with existing Schottky bypass diode 4.By the electric circuit constitutes such as benchmark, sampling, comparison, control and drivings.Wherein, in figure, power module 6 is comprised of power supply and capacitor C 1 and C2, for whole integrated circuit provides power supply; Sample circuit 7 is comprised of resistance R 4 and variable resistor RT, for extracting the change information of outside current/voltage; That control circuit 8 adopts comparator, according to adopting the result of data to decide operating state; Drive circuit 9 mainly comprises PMOS pipe Q2, for driving powerful N-type VDMOS pipe; Reference circuit 11 is the reference voltages as comparator; once sampled voltage is lower than reference voltage; photovoltaic module hot spot current protective device 1 will remove to turn-off by control circuit 8 and drive circuit 9 the N-type power VDMOSFET pipe 2 of blocking-up use; thereby cut off the electric current of battery strings; open the Schottky bypass diode 4 of using on short side, by this battery strings bypass simultaneously.
Use experimental result that this scheme obtains as following table:
Illustrate:
1. component string 1 is the standard package string of contrast.Component string 1 (is operated under more than 10 days dust conditions) under normality working condition, with the power difference of component string 2 be 0.118KWh/ days.Be that component string average specific component string 2 every day 1 is generated 0.118KWh electricity less.
2. component string 2 has increased the IC(control circuit abbreviation IC of this project) after, average every day is only than the few 0.044KWh electricity of generating of conventional component string 1.That is to say and lose less 0.074KWh electric weight every day, annual approximately 27KWh.
3., if the cell piece in assembly blocks, the component string increasing after IC will have more the electric weight of 0.235KWh every day than standard package string.
4., if assembly all cleans cleanly every day, increase so the component string of IC and do not increase IC(and only have bypass diode) data suitable.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Fig. 3,6 and 9, the difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is, photovoltaic module hot spot current protective device 1 also comprises a diode 4, and the positive pole of diode 4 connects the drain electrode of N-type VDMOS pipe 2, and negative pole connects integral control circuit 3.In the present embodiment, bypass diode is integrated in photovoltaic module hot spot current protective device 1, utilizes Schottky diode as bypass diode; N-type VDMOS pipe is as the power device that blocks use, and N-type VDMOS manages conducting resistance Ron<7m Ω.It in thick dashed line frame in Fig. 9, is the circuit diagram of photovoltaic module hot spot current protective device 1.By the packing forms of multi-chip, control circuit 3 and N-type VDMOS pipe 2 are encapsulated in the circuit of a power integrated circuit.The final form that forms the holistic photovoltaic module hot spot of a list current protective device.
The present embodiment, by N-type VDMOS pipe and the Schottky bypass diode of control circuit, obstruction use, is encapsulated in a power control integrated circuit simultaneously.It can substitute existing Schottky bypass diode completely, and independent use.
Embodiment 3
As shown in Fig. 4,7 and 10, the difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 2 is, with P type VDMOS pipe 5, substitutes Schottky bypass diode 4.The present embodiment, by the P type VDMOS that N-type VDMOS manages and bypass the is used pipe of control circuit, obstruction use, is encapsulated in the circuit of a power integrated circuit simultaneously.The Schottky diode that former bypass is used substitutes with P type VDMOS pipe, has reduced power loss because conduction impedance is little, and heat dissipation also reduces greatly.The present embodiment is lower than self power dissipation of embodiment 2.
As shown in figure 10, in the solid wire frame that photovoltaic module hot spot current protective device 1 shows in the drawings, be an integrated circuit (24V).By the electric circuit constitutes such as benchmark, sampling, comparison, control, protection and drivings.Wherein, reference circuit is the reference voltage as comparator, once sampled voltage, lower than reference voltage, will remove to turn-off by controller and drive circuit the N-type power VDMOSFET pipe of blocking-up use, thus the electric current that cuts off battery strings.Open the P type VDMOS pipe of using on short side, by this battery strings bypass simultaneously.Protective circuit is arranged in driver module 9, is mainly the effect of playing circuit temperature protection, is provided with temperature and controls diode 15 in protective circuit, utilizes the temperature characterisitic of diode PN junction to reach temperature controlled object.When rising to 125 ℃ when ambient temperature, diode 15 outputs signal to control circuit, directly turn-offs the N-type VDMOS blocking, thereby has blocked the electric current of battery strings.Reduce the unrestricted temperature rise of bypass power device (Schottky diode or P type VDMOS pipe), blocked the electric current of battery strings, also stoped the local temperature rise of cell piece.Owing to having reduced the temperature rise of bypass power component, also protected the safety of assembly junction box simultaneously.Protective circuit has stagnant Henan characteristic (Schmidt's characteristic), and stagnant Henan width is 20 ℃-40 ℃.Be that ambient temperature is closed N-type VDMOS pipe while rising to 125 ℃, when temperature drops to 85 ℃ or 105 ℃, can open again N-type VDMOS pipe.The most effectively protected the temperature work of device.Maximum temperature due to device can not surpass 125 ℃ simultaneously, so guaranteed the safe handling of assembly junction box yet.
Claims (8)
1. a photovoltaic module hot spot current protective device, it is characterized in that, this device is comprised of N-type VDMOS pipe and integral control circuit, integral control circuit is connected between the grid and source electrode of N-type VDMOS pipe, for gathering the current/voltage signal of solar battery string, control the Push And Release of N-type VDMOS pipe; When solar battery string is normally worked, during curtage place normal condition, control the conducting of N-type VDMOS pipe and open, when solar battery string operation irregularity, when voltage or current anomaly, control N-type VDMOS pipe and turn-off cut-off.
2. photovoltaic module hot spot current protective device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, this device also comprises a Schottky diode, and the positive pole of Schottky diode connects the drain electrode of N-type VDMOS pipe, and negative pole connects integral control circuit.
3. photovoltaic module hot spot current protective device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, this device also comprises a P type VDMOS pipe, and the source electrode of P type VDMOS pipe connects the drain electrode of N-type VDMOS pipe, and grid is connected integral control circuit with drain electrode.
4. photovoltaic module hot spot current protective device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described integral control circuit also has overheat protective function, when ambient temperature is during higher than set point, controls the cut-off of N-type VDMOS pipe.
5. according to the photovoltaic module hot spot current protective device described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterized in that, described integral control circuit is comprised of reference circuit, sample circuit, comparison circuit, control circuit drive circuit and power supply;
Described reference circuit is for providing stable reference voltage;
Described sample circuit is for extract the data of solar components solar battery string when moving in good time;
Data and reference data that described control circuit is used for gathering compare, and signal is passed to drive circuit;
Described drive circuit is carried out the action of " opening " or " pass " for driving N type VDMOS pipe.
6. photovoltaic module hot spot current protective device according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described integral control circuit also comprises temperature protection circuit, temperature for detection of integral control circuit, when temperature is during higher than the first set point, output signal to control circuit, control drive circuit and turn-off described N-type VDMOS pipe; When temperature is during lower than the second set point, output signal to control circuit, control drive circuit and open described N-type VDMOS pipe.
7. photovoltaic module hot spot current protective device according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the stagnant Henan width of described temperature protection circuit is 20 ℃-40 ℃.
8. photovoltaic module hot spot current protective device according to claim 6; it is characterized in that, described temperature protection circuit is provided with temperature and controls diode, when rising to 125 ℃ when ambient temperature; diode outputs signal to control circuit, turn-offs the N-type VDMOS blocking.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420181108.0U CN203911455U (en) | 2014-04-15 | 2014-04-15 | Hot spot current protective device of photovoltaic module |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420181108.0U CN203911455U (en) | 2014-04-15 | 2014-04-15 | Hot spot current protective device of photovoltaic module |
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| CN203911455U true CN203911455U (en) | 2014-10-29 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201420181108.0U Expired - Fee Related CN203911455U (en) | 2014-04-15 | 2014-04-15 | Hot spot current protective device of photovoltaic module |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103904616A (en) * | 2014-04-15 | 2014-07-02 | 南京安珈源电子有限公司 | Hot spot current protective device of photovoltaic module |
| CN105871334A (en) * | 2016-06-06 | 2016-08-17 | 保定嘉盛光电科技股份有限公司 | Solar cell module provided with temperature control |
-
2014
- 2014-04-15 CN CN201420181108.0U patent/CN203911455U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103904616A (en) * | 2014-04-15 | 2014-07-02 | 南京安珈源电子有限公司 | Hot spot current protective device of photovoltaic module |
| CN105871334A (en) * | 2016-06-06 | 2016-08-17 | 保定嘉盛光电科技股份有限公司 | Solar cell module provided with temperature control |
| CN105871334B (en) * | 2016-06-06 | 2018-03-23 | 保定嘉盛光电科技股份有限公司 | One kind is with temperature controlled solar cell module |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20141029 Termination date: 20210415 |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |