CN203773008U - Impact characteristic simulation test device for grounding body with large simulated size and large amplitude value - Google Patents
Impact characteristic simulation test device for grounding body with large simulated size and large amplitude value Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本实用新型提供一种大模拟尺寸大幅值接地体冲击特性模拟试验装置，所述装置包括模拟接地体，分布式对称布置的四台冲击电流发生器及其配套的一个充电回路、四个放电回路、圆环形回流电极、一组调波电感和调波电阻、同轴圆筒式分流器，其特征在于：模拟接地体布置在冲击场中央，埋入地下；四台冲击电流发生器对称布置在冲击场四周，其输出端分别通过四根架空铝管连接至冲击场中央的高架上进行汇流，然后通过调波电阻、调波电感、同轴圆筒式分流器再连接至模拟接地体。本实用新型可满足较大尺度接地体在可与实际雷电相比拟的大幅值冲击电流下的模拟试验，具有操作方便、电源容量大、输出冲击电流幅值高、波形多样、改装灵活多样等优点。
The utility model provides a simulation test device for the impact characteristics of a grounding body with a large simulated size and a large value. The device includes a simulated grounding body, four distributed and symmetrically arranged impact current generators and a supporting charging circuit and four discharging circuits. , a circular return electrode, a set of wave-modulating inductors and wave-tuning resistors, and a coaxial cylindrical shunt, characterized in that: the simulated grounding body is arranged in the center of the impact field and buried underground; four impulse current generators are arranged symmetrically Around the impact field, its output ends are connected to the elevated center of the impact field through four overhead aluminum tubes for confluence, and then connected to the simulated grounding body through wave-modulating resistors, wave-modulating inductors, and coaxial cylindrical shunts. The utility model can satisfy the simulation test of a large-scale grounding body under a large-value impulse current comparable to the actual lightning, and has the advantages of convenient operation, large power supply capacity, high output impulse current amplitude, various waveforms, flexible and diverse modification, etc. .
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to high-voltage test techniques field, relates in particular to the test method of the impact characteristics of the power transmission and transforming equipment grounding body such as transmission line of electricity, transformer station (comprising tower grounding device, grounding net of transformer substation etc.) under the dash current of large simulation yardstick, amplitude.
Background technology
Overhead power transmission line pole tower, transformer station etc. are all provided with earthing device or grounded screen (being referred to as afterwards grounding body), and current by pass is provided in the time of fault.When suffering lightning impulse, dash current is released to soil through grounding body, on grounding body, produce on the one hand noble potential, may extend to tower top and cause that tripping operation fault occurs insulation flashover, on the other hand, in soil, form electric potential gradient, jeopardize the safety of the human body and the grounding apparatus that stand in ground, even by the safety that in ground, coupling threatens secondary device in transformer station.Therefore, when grounding design, its impact characteristics is assessed, appropriate design grounding body pattern and counter-measure, very important to the safe and stable operation of electric system.
At present, the method for research and assessment grounding body ground connection performance mainly contains three kinds: field measurement, numerical evaluation, simulation test.Field measurement need to carry out after grounding body construction completes, and can not adopt in the design phase.The algorithm of numerical evaluation has certain hypothesis, simplification and approximate, and its accuracy and applicability need further to be improved; Particularly impact characteristics research aspect, the artificial hypothesis of the simplification processing to region of discharge and impact characteristics of the dispersed flow rule etc. all lacks test basis.Simulation test has overcome the shortcoming of other two kinds of methods, only need carry out certain investment builds simulated test facility, just can use for a long time afterwards, for changing, grounded screen model topology structure is also very convenient, thereby ground connection analogue technique is an effective means of grounding design always.
The impact characteristics simulation experiment method of grounding body is generally to adopt semisphere simulated slot or square simulated slot at present.Semisphere simulated slot is to dig a semisphere ground connection pond on ground, and filling soil or fine sand are simulated different soil resistivities, and because simulated slot radius is generally no more than 5m, the diagonal-size of analogue ground body can not exceed 2.5m.Square simulated slot is in the underground tetragonal body ground connection pond of digging, and normally fills the solution such as water, and stock size is no more than 30m × 30m, and the diagonal-size of analogue ground body can not exceed 3m.Chinese invention patent " ground connection simulation experiment method " (application number: 201210117351.1) proposed a kind of transparent vessel of built-in transparency liquid as simulation test device, at the removable pulley of its bottom installing, its volume can not do too greatly, and the size of corresponding analogue ground body is less.When small size simulation, diffusing distribution characteristics, inductive effect etc. in grounding body impact characteristics are difficult to effective research.And in these tests, impact power supply energy conventionally less, the dash current of generation is also very little, differs far away with actual lightning current.
Chinese invention patent " the large current outdoor real type simulated test method of earthing device Lightning Characteristic " (application number: 201110272119.0) proposed a kind of true type simulated test method to earthing device, although grounding body size can reach physical size, but its: 1. wiring is longer, required place is huge, and because wiring inductance is larger, shock head is difficult to reach steep wave head situation; 2. same grounding body inductance and resistance in loop is definite value, can not carry out the impact characteristics test under different lightning current waveforms; 3. adopt single-point to reflux, dash current flows when underground between two current point, is not to be inconsistent to the symmetrical wandering feature of surrounding centered by grounding body with dash current in actual conditions.4. grounding body is true pattern type, but it is too little to inject the relatively actual lightning current of dash current amplitude, can not reflect the situation under actual amplitude lightning current.Domesticly extremely lack for the dash current simulation test under large simulation size, amplitude.
Summary of the invention
The utility model considers that the deficiency in above-mentioned technology designs, the test unit of grounding body impact characteristics under a kind of large simulation size, amplitude is provided, this device flexible operation, dash current injects to surrounding soil wandering from grounding body, can effectively reflect different grounding body patterns and the size impact characteristics under different dash current amplitudes and waveform.
The technical scheme that the utility model adopts is: a kind of large simulation size amplitude grounding body impact characteristics simulation test device, comprise analogue ground body, distributed four impulse current generators that are arranged symmetrically with and a supporting charge circuit thereof, four discharge loops, annular return electrode, one group of harmonic inductance and wave regulating resistor, coaxial circles cartridge type shunt, is characterized in that:
Analogue ground body is arranged in kicking field central authorities, imbeds underground; Four impulse current generators are arranged symmetrically in kicking field surrounding, its output terminal is connected on kicking field central authorities overhead and is confluxed by four built on stilts aluminum pipes respectively, is then connected to analogue ground body by wave regulating resistor, harmonic inductance, coaxial circles cartridge type shunt again; Dash current is back to the low pressure end of four impulse current generators through analogue ground body, soil and annular return electrode and connected vertical copper bar straight up;
Four impulse current generators are evenly arranged in annular return electrode outward flange, and its analogue ground body of giving in parallel injects dash current, four discharge loop parallel connections of four impulse current generators.
Large simulation size amplitude grounding body impact characteristics simulation test device as above, is characterized in that, annular return electrode is embedded in the soil of underground certain depth, selects the main material of copper strips as annular return electrode; The under ground portion of connection annular return electrode and the vertical copper bar of four impulse current generator negative poles installs 10kV cable additional insulating sheath after adopting hot melt adhesive to wrap up carries out insulation shielding.
Large simulation size amplitude grounding body impact characteristics simulation test device as above, is characterized in that, annular return electrode diameter 40m, and analogue ground body size reaches more than ten meters; The insulation against ground of four impulse current generator bodies.
Large simulation size amplitude grounding body impact characteristics simulation test device as above, it is characterized in that: four impulse current generators share a charge circuit, this charge circuit is made up of step-up transformer, high voltage silicon rectifier stack, charge protection resistance, direct current resistance voltage divider, charging overhead transmission line and main capacitance; The wherein input end of the output termination high voltage silicon rectifier stack of step-up transformer, the output termination charge protection resistance of high voltage silicon rectifier stack, the first order main capacitance of direct current resistance voltage divider and impulse current generator body is connected in parallel, and is used for measuring the charging voltage at main capacitance two ends; By around test site ± charging of the main capacitance of the impulse current generator of 100kV DC charging overhead transmission line to four platform independent.
Large simulation size amplitude grounding body impact characteristics simulation test device as above, it is characterized in that, after four discharge loop parallel connections of four impulse current generators, connect test product again and form overall discharge loop, this overall discharge loop is made up of main capacitance, atmospherical discharges ball gap, built on stilts aluminum pipe, backflow copper bar, wave regulating resistor, harmonic inductance, shunt, analogue ground body, the backflow utmost point; The discharge current of four impulse current generators enters backflow copper bar through four built on stilts aluminum pipes and concentrates, and then after wave regulating resistor, harmonic inductance, coaxial circles cartridge type shunt, injects analogue ground body; Wave regulating resistor, harmonic inductance adopt in bolt access loop.
Large simulation size amplitude grounding body impact characteristics simulation test device as above, is characterized in that, each impulse current generator parameter is identical; The main capacitance of every impulse current generator is in series by 5 grades of capacitor groups, every grade of capacitor group is formed by the drum type brake Parallel-connected Capacitor of 3 200kV/0.6 μ F, the specified charging voltage of separate unit impulse current generator is 1000kV, and electric capacity is 0.36 μ F, and storage power is 180kJ; Connection between capacitor adopts bolt.
Large simulation size amplitude grounding body impact characteristics simulation test device as above, is characterized in that, four impulse current generators charge simultaneously, synchronous discharge; Realize the synchronous igniting that triggers by the adjustable trigger of multichannel time delay, relative time between the trigger pip of different impulse current generators is poor in 0.1 μ s, makes the total impulse current waveform after dash current stack that different generators produce consistent with the impulse current waveform of separate unit generator.
Large simulation size amplitude grounding body impact characteristics simulation test device as above, is characterized in that, adopting the control system based on PLC technology is that impulse current generator sends various control commands, to meet the various control functions of impulse current test; Employing optical cable connection operation unit and switch board, to control and to show the controlled quentity controlled variable of charge circuit, adopt the body control enclosure of optical fiber attended operation unit and four impulse current generators, thus the switch of adjusting and display ball gap spacing and control fan blower.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are: the utility model can meet the simulation test under can the amplitude dash current comparable with actual thunder and lightning compared with large scale grounding body, have easy to operate, power supply capacity is large, output dash current amplitude is high, waveform is various, backflow utmost point layout pattern novelty, reequips the advantages such as versatile and flexible.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the impulse grounding simulation test wiring schematic diagram of the utility model embodiment.
Fig. 2 is test output impulse current waveform (waveform 8/20 μ s, amplitude 100kA, positive polarity).
Fig. 3 is test output impulse current waveform (waveform 8/20 μ s, amplitude 100kA, negative polarity).
Fig. 4 is test output impulse current waveform (waveform 2.6 μ s/50 μ s, amplitude 15kA).
Embodiment
In order to understand better the utility model, further illustrate content of the present utility model below in conjunction with embodiment, but content of the present utility model is not only confined to the following examples.Those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications the utility model, and these equivalent form of values are equally within the listed claims limited range of the application.
The test unit of grounding body impact characteristics under a kind of large simulation size that the utility model proposes, amplitude, its impulse grounding simulation test wiring schematic diagram as shown in Figure 1.For obtaining the impulse earthed resistance under grounding body dash current, test basic step is as follows:
1) according to test objective development test scheme, make grounding body model, propose to apply voltage, current amplitude and waveform requirement, need parameter and the measuring method of observation.Analogue ground body is imbedded in the underground of impact test site center.
2) carry out test and the inverting of impulsive discharge Loop Parameters.For modulating the impulse current waveform that meets the testing requirements of ground connection impact characteristics, need to grasp the electric parameter in whole impulsive discharge loop, comprise electric capacity, resistance and inductance parameters.Concrete method of testing is as follows: 1. four generators and high-voltage connection and grounding body, soil, return electrode formation discharge loop, and wherein do not connect any wave regulating resistor and harmonic inductance, the rear resistance of calculating whole loop according to impulse current waveform has discharged
r 1and inductance
l 1; 2. adopt Copper Foil short circuit ground circuit part, 1# generator, high-voltage connection, Copper Foil form discharge loop, have discharged rear according to the resistance that impacts circuit waveform reckoning loop
r 2and inductance
l 2; 3. adopt LCR tester to measure the resistance of short circuit Copper Foil
r 3and inductance
l 3; 4. calculate the resistance of separate unit generator and high-voltage connection thereof according to formula (1)
r yand inductance
l y, according to formula (2), calculating comprises the resistance of the ground circuit of grounding body, soil, return electrode
r fand inductance
l f.
(1)
(2)
3) dash current amplitude and waveform debugging.Calculate and propose will reach expection waveform, required tank capacitance, inductance, resistance parameter according to impulse current generator LCR dash current discharge loop formula (3).Then existing impulsive discharge loop based on obtaining in step (2)
r y,
l y,
r f,
l fparameter, the array mode of proposition capacitor, and the harmonic inductance, the wave regulating resistor parameter that need.Carry out corresponding wiring adjustment, make corresponding harmonic inductance, wave regulating resistor, and access loop.
(3)
4) surveying instrument instrument access.Shunt is connected in loop always, is connected between confluence copper bar and analogue ground body electric current decanting point the dash current of measuring circuit; Voltage divider two ends are connected to respectively to grounding body electric current decanting point and encircle the power frequency zero-potential point of outer more than ten meters, measure grounding body earth potential liter.
5) inrush current generator, arranges ball gap spacing, controls impulse current generator and rises to required voltage level, obtains required dash current by ball-gap discharge.
6) analytical test data, rise the impulse earthed resistance of waveforms amplitude divided by dash current amplitude acquisition analogue ground body according to earth potential.
Based on space, test site and the unsuitable excessive basic demand of underground inductance value, relatively determine that by analyzing impact test site is of a size of diameter 40m; Analogue ground body is arranged in kicking field central authorities, imbeds underground; Four impulse current generators are arranged symmetrically in kicking field surrounding, its output terminal is connected on kicking field central authorities overhead and is confluxed by four built on stilts aluminum pipes respectively, is then connected to analogue ground body by elements such as wave regulating resistor, harmonic inductance, coaxial circles cartridge type shunts again; Dash current is back to the low pressure end of impulse current generator through analogue ground body, soil and annular return electrode and connected vertical copper bar straight up.Wave regulating resistor, harmonic inductance adopt in bolt access loop, and dismounting and replacing are convenient.
Every impulse current generator body adopts sunlight board to be made into cylindrical shape sealing, has for internal overhaul; Calculate according to output current Capability Requirement, every impulse current generator main capacitance comprises 15 MCF200-0.6 insulation burrel formula impulse capacitors, by 5 grades of series connection, every grade of 3 Parallel-connected Capacitors composition, total capacitance is 0.36 μ F, rated output voltage 1000kV, and storage power is 180kJ; With bolts between main capacitance, convenient disassembly.
To the evenly wandering and factor such as inductance value is less, and excavation construction amount is less of surrounding, design the annular backflow utmost point based on electric current; According to return electrode analysis of Influential Factors result, the main material of annular return electrode conductor adopts the copper strips that cross section is 60mm × 6mm, buried depth 1000mm, connect in 12 some bottoms of its symmetry the copper pipe of arranging vertically downward, length is 1500mm simultaneously, and radius is 25mm, wall thickness is 3mm, totally 12; For connecting the negative pole of capacitor in each impulse current generator body, on copper strips, be evenly arranged 4 copper bars vertically upward, its cross section is 60mm × 6mm, below ground partial-length is 1000mm, the above partial-length in ground is 200mm, and utilizes epoxy hot melt adhesive it is wrapped up and insulate.
Impulse current generator system charging equipment mainly comprises electrical source of power cabinet, comprises silicon controlled charging switch board, step-up transformer, multiplication of voltage capacitor, divider, protective resistance, ± 100kV DC charging lead-in wire etc.The box flexible power cable of crossing in testing field is to indoor electrical source of power cabinet power supply, and electrical source of power cabinet is by the low tension loop with the former limit winding formation charge circuit that comprises silicon controlled charging switch board, connect/protective resistance in parallel and step-up transformer; The main capacitance of the secondary winding of step-up transformer and multiplication of voltage capacitor, silicon stack, charge protection resistance and four generator bodies forms the high tension loop of charge circuit; By around test site ± charging of the main capacitance of the impulse current generator of 100kV DC charging overhead transmission line to four platform independent.The first order main capacitance of direct current resistance voltage divider and generator body is connected in parallel, and is used for measuring the charging voltage at main capacitance two ends; The DC charging voltage that charging switch board is measured gained by divider carrys out the SCR Trigger Angle in switch board, thereby regulates the DC charging voltage of generator, forms closed-loop control system.
Discharge equipment mainly comprises main capacitor, ball discharge gap, the built on stilts aluminum pipe of charging, wave regulating resistor, harmonic inductance and multichannel trigger.Separate unit generator comprises 5 ball discharge gaps, and the ball gap between first order electric capacity and second level electric capacity is ignition pill gap, controls and regulate the air clearance length of ball discharge gap according to the charging voltage of capacitor.Multichannel trigger is placed on control desk, draws respectively the trigger amplifier that 4 two core fibres connect separate unit generator body, sends Trig control signal with the ignition pill gap of giving every generator; Adopt the igniting of igniting feedback loop divider monitoring generator to trigger; The discharge time of multichannel trigger is adjustable, and precision is in 0.1 μ s, relatively independent with the control system of generator, guarantees to realize synchronous triggering.
Adopting the control system based on PLC technology is that impulse current generator sends various control commands, to meet the various control functions of impulse current test.Control system is made up of body control enclosure, charging switch board and operating unit three parts; Adopt an optical cable connection operation unit and switch board to control and to show the controlled quentity controlled variable of charge circuit, utilize optical fiber to be connected in series the body control enclosure of operating unit and four generators, thereby regulate and the switch of display ball gap spacing and control fan blower; Operating unit adopts special control program to complete all observing and controlling by computing machine and operates.
Adopting model is the coaxial tubular type shunt of GF-1, is arranged on confluxing on aluminium sheet of impact center, place, is used for measuring the dash current of test loop.Its important technological parameters is: resistance value 0.0020684 Ω; Nominal current 100kA; Response time is less than 80ns; Output voltage 0～300V.The input end of shunt is connected with the harmonic inductance of its top, and current output terminal is connected with the aluminium sheet that confluxes, and the BNC port of its bottom is connected with oscillographic input end by the coaxial wire of signal transmission.Near the shielding strongbox of configuration one group of oscillograph, photoelectric conversion module and ups power shunt, the voltage signal of shunt exports oscillograph to through coaxial wire, oscillograph exports measuring-signal to photoelectric conversion module by netting twine, finally be transmitted through the fiber in the measuring system of observing and controlling chamber, ups power is primary for powering to oscillograph, photoelectric conversion module.
Adopt the earth potential liter of underdamping capacitive divider measure analog earthing device decanting point, the capacitor of voltage divider high-voltage arm adopts the encapsulation of epoxy insulation pipe, the connection of capacitor adopts metal flange, has considered in design physical strength and oil seal measure, meets long-term use and oil-proof.The top of voltage divider adopts single screen to cover ring structure, and the size of shading ring can meet the requirement of bearing 1000kV standard lightning impulse voltage waveform, adopts thin-wall stainless steel splicing structure, reaching lightweight, corrosion-resistant, be not oxidized and the feature such as windage is little.Collection, conversion and the transmission of voltage divider low-voltage arm output signal and the disposal route of shunt output signal are basically identical, for avoiding noble potential to draw, all output signal have been adopted to photoelectricity quarantine measures.
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the total capacitance of four generators is 1.44 μ F, rated output voltage is still 1000kV, in the situation of the linear analogue load discharge to 4 Ω, producing amplitude is that 100kA, waveform are the dash current of 8/20 μ s, the inductance value L=45.1 μ H of discharge loop, charging voltage U
0=881.8kV.First made square frame grounding body according to above-mentioned steps, and arranged four rays by 90 ゜ directions on its four angles, square frame length of side 4m, the long 4m of ray, imbeds underground 0.8m, the band iron that grounding material is 40mm × 4mm.According to the result of impulsive discharge Loop Parameters testing experiment, the resistance of four generators and lead-in wire thereof
r y4=0.25 Ω, inductance
l y4=5.20 μ H, the resistance of ground circuit
r f=1.76 Ω, inductance
l f=5.86 μ H, for exceeding the dash current of realizing 8/20 μ s of 100kA under 4 Ω loads, have made the wave regulating resistor of 2.4 Ω, the harmonic inductance of 34 μ H.Accessed in loop, grounding body is carried out to impulse current test, exported the dash current of 8/20 μ s, current amplitude has all reached 99kA under positive and negative polarity.
As shown in Figure 4, for producing the dash current of wavefront times 2.6 μ s, half time to peak 50 μ s, by the fourth stage, the level V electric capacity short circuit of every generator top, and the charging resistor of removing third level electric capacity and fourth stage electric capacity, under the harmonic inductance of the wave regulating resistor of 26 Ω, 13 μ H, above-mentioned grounding body is carried out to impulse test, exported the dash current of 2.6/50 μ s, current amplitude has reached 15kA.
The content not being described in detail in this instructions belongs to the known prior art of professional and technical personnel in the field.
Claims (8)
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105467248A (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2016-04-06 | 清华大学 | Method for measuring and amending impact characteristics of grounding device |
| CN106771930A (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2017-05-31 | 国家电网公司 | A kind of apparatus and method for observing drop bar surrounding soil impulsive discharge characteristic |
| CN107064755A (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2017-08-18 | 中国电力科学研究院 | A kind of method and system for determining soil flash-over characteristic |
-
2013
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105467248A (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2016-04-06 | 清华大学 | Method for measuring and amending impact characteristics of grounding device |
| CN106771930A (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2017-05-31 | 国家电网公司 | A kind of apparatus and method for observing drop bar surrounding soil impulsive discharge characteristic |
| CN106771930B (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2019-07-02 | 国家电网公司 | A device and method for observing the impact discharge characteristics of soil around a ground rod |
| CN107064755A (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2017-08-18 | 中国电力科学研究院 | A kind of method and system for determining soil flash-over characteristic |
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