CN203759194U - Controllable equivalence ratio method based tobacco burning CO release analysis device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a controllable equivalence ratio method based tobacco burning CO release analysis device. According to a method, key burning elements of air supply temperature, tobacco supply and the like in the burning process can be accurately controlled by regulating an equivalence ratio phi=phi0 (phi0>1) and temperature, so that accurate simulation of oxygen-deficient burning environment of cigarettes is realized; through detection analysis of macro tobacco burning CO release under the set oxygen-deficient condition and computation of CO generation rate and tobacco burning rate in a steady burning interval, CO release is accurately measured.

Description

Result of combustion of tobacco CO burst size analytical equipment based on controlled equivalence ratio method

Technical field:

The utility model relates to a kind of result of combustion of tobacco CO burst size analytical equipment based on controlled equivalence ratio method, belongs to result of combustion of tobacco product and detects analysis technical field.

Background technology:

Result of combustion of tobacco CO burst size can directly reflect combustion characteristics and the flue gas toxity of tobacco, forms closely relatedly with CO in its cigarette mainstream flue gas, is that to affect cigarette quality stable and weigh the important indicator of tobacco integrated quality.CO release characteristics and material burning situation of living in is closely related, and for tobacco, the measurement of its burning CO burst size only just has more and is worth and practical significance under the condition that approaches cigarette burning environment.Present stage, great many of experiments and numerical simulation result are verified, the fired state of cigarette combustion cone inside in the rich hydrogen of oxygen deprivation.Rate of heat addition when cigarette glows is at 5-20 DEG C/s, and the rate of heat addition in cigarette smoking process reaches as high as 500 DEG C/s, and the average rate of heat addition also has 30 DEG C/s.

The means such as conventional method of analysis coupling as infrared in thermogravimetric and thermogravimetric mass spectrometry, are carrying out existing open defect in the analysis of tobacco CO burst size.First, it only can carry out qualitative analysis and sxemiquantitative to CO growing amount, cannot accomplish accurate quantification; Secondly, its experiment specimen in use amount is too small, is generally the sample of milligram level, cause experimental result affected by sample homogeneity on the one hand larger, poor repeatability, measuring error is large, its experimentation mainly reflects the pyrolysis behavior of tobacco on the other hand, has larger difference with Actual combustion; Finally, thermogravimetric analysis device is subject to the limit of functions of its heating unit, cannot realize Fast Heating to sample (common heating furnace maximum heating speed be only 3 DEG C/s), cause sample heating rate and cigarette to glow and suction fuel heating environment differs greatly.

In ISO19700 standard " controlled equivalence ratio method is measured fire burning effluent objectionable constituent ", proposed equivalence ratio ( ) concept, specifically refer to the generation speed (v of fuel _fuel) with the delivery rate (v of air _air) ratio, be shown below,

When time, represent that respectively material is in air abundance, stable state combustion when stoichiometric ratio and under oxygen deprivation condition.Wherein, physical meaning refer to amount of supplied air when each element in fuel fully burns.Therefore, by controlling equivalence ratio and temperature just can be simulated cigarette combustion with meagre oxygen environment.Meanwhile, the stable state combustion tubular furnace proposing in standard ISO 19700 can be realized the Fast Heating to magnanimity tobacco, and this heating rate also approaches that cigarette glows and heating environment when suction fuel.

In summary it can be seen, stable state combustion tubular furnace based on controlled equivalence ratio method can accurately be simulated the burning situation of cigarette while burning and sucking, to the CO producing under specific burning situation gather and in addition quantitative test gather, just can the CO burst size under simulation cigarette burning situation carry out Measurement accuracy to tobacco.But present stage, this technology at home and abroad tobacco business there is not yet correlative study report.Develop result of combustion of tobacco CO burst size on-line analysis and device based on controlled equivalence ratio method, to enrich and improve tobacco and tobacco product quality safety overall evaluation system, for raw tobacco material quality assessment and guarantee, Cigarette design exploitation and quality-improving provide important technology to support, break through and there is positive impetus for great special gordian techniquies such as " lowering harm and decreasing cokings ".

Summary of the invention:

For overcoming the defect of prior art, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of result of combustion of tobacco CO burst size analytical equipment based on controlled equivalence ratio method, and technical matters to be solved is to realize accurate simulation to cigarette burning environment and the accurate measurement of result of combustion of tobacco CO burst size under this environment.

The utility model technical solution problem adopts following technical scheme:

The result of combustion of tobacco CO burst size analytical equipment of the utility model based on controlled equivalence ratio method, it comprises:

Rotary heating furnace and annular-heating furnace controller, one end that quartz ampoule is located in described rotary heating furnace is fire end, the other end is non-fire end, be provided with seal at described non-fire end, quartz boat is located in described quartz ampoule and by outside stepper motor and is promoted in quartz ampoule, at the uniform velocity to move, on described seal, be provided with two through holes for supply air line path and stepper motor transmission path, described supply air line is provided with one-level charge flow rate meter;

The outlet side of described rotary heating furnace connects dilution tank, is connected with blowdown valve and secondary air inlet pipeline in described dilution tank, is provided with secondary charge flow rate meter on described secondary air inlet pipeline;

The infrared instrument of non-scattering is communicated with described dilution tank by pipeline, and is provided with filtrator on connecting pipeline, and the infrared instrument of described non-scattering rear portion is communicated with vacuum pump and CO consistency recorder.

Result of combustion of tobacco CO burst size analytical approach based on controlled equivalence ratio method, it comprises the steps:

Step 1: calculate theoretical oxygen utilization;

Tobacco sample, through ultimate analysis, obtains C, H, and O, the percentage composition of S and N, the compound general formula of setting these five kinds of element compositions is C _xh _yo _zs _pn _q, in air lucky clean-burning chemical formula suc as formula (1),

$C_x{H}_y{O}_z{S}_p{N}_q+{\mathrm{tO}}_2+{\mathrm{rN}}_2={\mathrm{xCO}}_2+\frac{y}{2}{H}_{2}O+{\mathrm{pSO}}_2+{\mathrm{qNO}}_2+{\mathrm{rN}}_2$ Formula (1)

In formula (1) this tobacco sample of 1g just fully when burning the volume of required air suc as formula (2),

In formula (2), b is the massfraction summation of C, H, O, S and five kinds of elements of N; M is C _xh _yo _zs _pn _qmolecular weight, i.e. M=12x+y+16z+32p+14q; R is ideal gas constant; P is the pressure of test gas; T is the temperature of test gas; This tobacco sample of 1g fully burns consumed air capacity suc as formula (3),

Step 2: calculate actual air supply and sample supply;

Choose equivalence ratio according to equivalence ratio formula (4),

Calculate the ratio of the actual fltting speed of tobacco sample and the feed speed of air, suc as formula (5),

The delivery rate of setting fuel is (v _fuel) _entity, the actual flow of air is:

In formula (6), fuel delivery rate advances speed v and tobacco sample quality W to calculate by load sampler length L, load sampler, specifically suc as formula (7),

Formula (7) is based on following processing: W g tobacco sample is wanted on the load sampler of uniform spreading L cm in measurement mechanism;

Step 3: according to formula (6) and formula (7), set instrument parameter, after it is stable, accurately weigh pretreated Wg tobacco sample uniform spreading on L cm load sampler, start experiment and measure in real time carbon monoxide volumetric concentration and temperature; Described pre-treatment step is carried out according to standard GB/T16447-2004;

Step 4: unit of account quality result of combustion of tobacco CO burst size;

(a) in the unit of account time, result of combustion of tobacco generates CO quality;

Choose carbon monoxide volume fraction Vol _cothe temporal evolution interval in ± 15% of fluctuating, now can be considered stable state, asks for the mean value of carbon monoxide volume fraction in this interval as formula (8),

$\stackrel{\‾}{{\mathrm{Vol}}_{\mathrm{co}}}=\frac{{\∫}_{t_1}^{t_2}{\mathrm{Vol}}_{\mathrm{co}}\mathrm{dt}}{t_2-t_1}$ Formula (8)

T in formula (8) ₁, t ₂respectively starting point and the terminal between the steady-state zone of choosing;

In whole combustion process, be V for the one-level charge flow rate of the tobacco of burning ₁lmin ^-1, be V for the secondary charge flow rate of the cooling dilution of products of combustion ₂lmin ^-1here specify V ₂>=10V ₁because oxygen content in one-level air inlet only has 21%, and the reduction of its volume number has made up the gas that tobacco cracking burning generates, therefore the twin-stage charge volume that burning causes changes very little, as calculated, rate of change is in ± 3%, and it can be ignored the impact of volume, that is to say, final gas gross is still (V ₁+ V ₂) lmin ^-1so the volume that generates CO in the unit interval is suc as formula (9):

$V_{\mathrm{co}}=(V_1+V_2)\stackrel{\‾}{{\mathrm{Vol}}_{\mathrm{co}}}$ Formula (9)

In unit interval, generating so CO quality is,

$v_{\mathrm{CO}}=\frac{{\mathrm{PV}}_{\mathrm{co}}{M}_{\mathrm{co}}}{\mathrm{RT}}$ Formula (10)

In formula (10), P is ambient atmosphere pressure; T is the temperature of gas; M _coit is the molecular weight of CO;

(b) result of combustion of tobacco of unit of account quality generates CO quality

According to formula (7) and formula (10), the result of combustion of tobacco of unit of account quality generates CO quality suc as formula (11),

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are embodied in:

1, simulate more exactly cigarette burning situation.The utility model is developed based on controlled equivalence ratio principle design, by regulation and control equivalence ratio ( ) the accurate crucial component of combustion such as oxygen concentration, the rate of heat addition and gas flow in control combustion process, thereby realize the accurate simulation of cigarette burning environment.

2, realized the accurate on-line measurement of result of combustion of tobacco CO burst size.The utility model makes magnanimity tobacco carry out stable state combustion under setting burning situation based on controlled equivalence ratio method, has realized the accurate measurement of tobacco CO burst size in conjunction with the infrared instrument of non-scattering.

Brief description of the drawings:

Fig. 1 is result of combustion of tobacco CO burst size proving installation schematic diagram in the utility model.

Fig. 2 is that sample A exists and 550 DEG C when burning CO concentration changes with time curve.

Fig. 3 is that sample B exists and 550 DEG C when burning CO concentration changes with time curve.

Fig. 4 is that sample C exists and 750 DEG C when burning CO concentration changes with time curve.

Fig. 5 sample is that product D exists and 850 DEG C when burning CO concentration changes with time curve.

The specifying information of table 1 the utility model tobacco sample used.

The results of elemental analyses of table 2 the utility model tobacco sample used.

Number in the figure: 1 one-level charge flow rate meter, 2 stepper motors, 3 quartz ampoules, 4 quartz boats, 5 tobacco samples, 6 rotary heating furnaces, 7 annular-heating furnace controllers, 8 dilution tank, 9 secondary charge flow rate meters, 10 blowdown valves, 11 filtrators, the infrared instrument of 12 non-scattering, 13CO consistency recorder, 14 vacuum pumps.

Below pass through embodiment, and the utility model is described in further detail by reference to the accompanying drawings.

Embodiment:

The result of combustion of tobacco CO burst size analytical equipment of the utility model based on controlled equivalence ratio method, it comprises:

Rotary heating furnace 6 and annular-heating furnace controller 7, one end that quartz ampoule 3 is located in described rotary heating furnace is fire end, the other end is non-fire end, be provided with seal at described non-fire end, quartz boat 4 is located in described quartz ampoule and by outside stepper motor 2 and is promoted in quartz ampoule, at the uniform velocity to move, on described seal, be provided with two through holes for supply air line path and stepper motor transmission path, described supply air line is provided with one-level charge flow rate meter 1;

The outlet side of described rotary heating furnace 6 connects dilution tank 8, is connected with blowdown valve 10 and secondary air inlet pipeline in described dilution tank, is provided with secondary charge flow rate meter 9 on described secondary air inlet pipeline;

The infrared instrument 12 of non-scattering is communicated with described dilution tank by pipeline, and on connecting pipeline, is provided with filtrator 11, and the infrared instrument of described non-scattering 12 rear portions are communicated with vacuum pump 14 and CO consistency recorder 13.

Can adopt said apparatus to analyze result of combustion of tobacco CO burst size, embodiment is as follows:

Embodiment 1: the present embodiment is the measuring method of CO burst size when tobacco sample A is burnt.

Tobacco sample A is as shown in table 2 through results of elemental analyses, the quality summation of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, these five kinds of elements of sulphur is 90.279%, as calculated, the volume of the consumed cabin air after this tobacco sample of 1g fully burns is that 5.028L(temperature is 25 degree, and pressure is an atmospheric pressure).Getting equivalence ratio is 1.0, can obtain

Get on the quartz boat that tobacco sample 20g is laid in 80cm uniformly, the fltting speed of quartz boat is 3cm/min, and the feed speed of fuel is 20g ÷ 80cm × 3cm/min=0.75g/min, and the flow of air is 0.75g/min ÷ 0.199g/l ≈ 3.77L/min.

Quartz boat advances 550 DEG C of combustion furnaces with the speed of 3cm/min, keep one-level air inlet (for supplying burning) and secondary air inlet (for dilution and cooling combustion product) to be respectively 3.77L/min and 46.23L/min, open the vacuum pump being connected with the infrared instrument of non-scattering, regulating the flow of extracting gases is 1L/min simultaneously.The volume fraction curve (as shown in Figure 2) over time of the CO that A burning generates per sample, can find out that it fluctuate between 400～800s less, by CO volume fraction in this interval add with after be averaged and obtain mean volume fraction and be:

$\stackrel{\‾}{{\mathrm{Vol}}_{\mathrm{co}}}=\frac{{\∫}_{400}^{800}{\mathrm{Vol}}_{\mathrm{co}}\mathrm{dt}}{800-400}=0.0166\%$

In whole combustion process, be 3.77L/min for the single order charge flow rate of the tobacco leaf that burns, and wherein only have 21% oxygen, be also 0.79L/min oxygen, these oxygen are for the tobacco leaf of the 0.75g/min that burns; Second order charge flow rate for combustion products dilute is 46.23L/min, and therefore, gas content in the total amount of two rank air inlet that burning produces is very low, and it can be ignored the impact of volume, that is to say, final gas gross is still considered as 50L/min.So just can obtain the volume of the CO generating in 1min:

$V_{\mathrm{co}}=50L\×\stackrel{\‾}{{\mathrm{Vol}}_{\mathrm{co}}}=50L\×0.0166\%=0.0083L$

The quality of the CO generating in 1 minute is:

$v_{\mathrm{co}}=\frac{{\mathrm{PV}}_{\mathrm{co}}{M}_{\mathrm{co}}}{\mathrm{RT}}=0.00947g\·{\min }^{-1}$

Wherein P is an atmospheric pressure, M _cofor CO molecular weight, temperature when T is gas stable state, test result is 25.8 DEG C;

So 1g tobacco leaf A is at 550 DEG C and equivalence ratio the CO quality that time burning generates is:

Embodiment 2: the present embodiment is the measuring method of CO burst size when tobacco sample B is burnt.

Tobacco sample B is as shown in table 2 through results of elemental analyses, the quality summation of these five kinds of elements of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur is 90.189%, as calculated, the volume of the consumed cabin air after this tobacco sample of 1g fully burns is that 4.7145L(temperature is 25 degree, and pressure is an atmospheric pressure).Getting equivalence ratio is 4.0, can obtain

Get this tobacco sample 40g and be laid in uniformly on the quartz boat of 80cm, the fltting speed of quartz boat is 6cm/min, and the feed speed of fuel is 40g ÷ 80cm × 6cm/min=3g/min, and the flow of air is 3g/min ÷ 0.8484g/l=3.54L/min.

Quartz boat advances 550 DEG C of combustion furnaces with the speed of 6cm/min, keep one-level air inlet (for supplying burning) and secondary air inlet (for dilution and cooling combusting gas) to be respectively 3.54L/min and 46.46L/min, open the vacuum pump being connected with the infrared instrument of non-scattering, regulating the flow of extracting gases is 1L/min simultaneously.The volume fraction curve (as shown in Figure 3) over time of the CO generating according to B burning, can find out that it is comparatively steady between 500～950s, CO volume fraction in this interval is added and after be averaged and obtain mean volume fraction and be:

$\stackrel{\‾}{{\mathrm{Vol}}_{\mathrm{co}}}=\frac{{\∫}_{500}^{900}{\mathrm{Vol}}_{\mathrm{co}}\mathrm{dt}}{900-500}=0.3205\%$

In whole combustion process, be 3.54L/min for the single order charge flow rate of the tobacco leaf that burns, and wherein only have 21% oxygen, be also 0.74L/min oxygen, these oxygen are for the tobacco leaf of the 3g/min that burns; Second order charge flow rate for combustion products dilute is 46.46L/min, and therefore, gas content in the total amount of two rank air inlet that oxicracking produces is very low, and it can be ignored the impact of volume, that is to say, final gas gross is still considered as 50L/min.So just can obtain the volume of the CO generating in 1min:

$V_{\mathrm{co}}=50L\×\stackrel{\‾}{{\mathrm{Vol}}_{\mathrm{co}}}=50L\×0.3205\%=0.1603L$

The quality of the CO generating in 1 minute is:

$v_{\mathrm{co}}=\frac{{\mathrm{PV}}_{\mathrm{co}}{M}_{\mathrm{co}}}{\mathrm{RT}}=0.1835g\·{\min }^{-1}$

Wherein P is an atmospheric pressure, M _cofor CO molecular weight, temperature when T is gas stable state, test result is 24.9 DEG C;

So 1g tobacco leaf B is at 550 DEG C and equivalence ratio the CO quality that time burning generates is:

Embodiment 3: the present embodiment is the measuring method of CO burst size when tobacco sample C is burnt.

Tobacco sample C is as shown in table 2 through results of elemental analyses, the quality summation of these five kinds of elements of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur is 93.916%, as calculated, the volume of the consumed cabin air after this tobacco sample of 1g fully burns is that 4.8831L(temperature is 25 degree, and pressure is an atmospheric pressure).Getting equivalence ratio is 2.0, can obtain

Getting this tobacco sample 25g is laid on the quartz boat of 80cm uniformly, the fltting speed of quartz boat is 5cm/min, the feed speed of fuel is 25g ÷ 80cm × 5cm/min=1.5625g/min, and the flow of air is 1.5625g/min ÷ 0.41g/l=3.81L/min.

Quartz boat advances 750 DEG C of combustion furnaces with the speed of 5cm/min, keep one-level air inlet (for supplying burning) and secondary air inlet (for dilution and cooling combusting gas) to be respectively 3.81L/min and 46.19L/min, open the vacuum pump being connected with the infrared instrument of non-scattering, regulating the flow of extracting gases is 1L/min simultaneously.The volume fraction curve (as shown in Figure 4) over time of the CO generating according to B burning, can find out that it is comparatively steady between 500～850s, CO volume fraction in this interval is added and after be averaged and obtain mean volume fraction and be:

$\stackrel{\‾}{{\mathrm{Vol}}_{\mathrm{co}}}=\frac{{\∫}_{500}^{850}{\mathrm{Vol}}_{\mathrm{co}}\mathrm{dt}}{54850-500}=0.454\%$

In whole combustion process, be 3.81L/min for the single order charge flow rate of the tobacco leaf that burns, and wherein only have 21% oxygen, be also 0.8L/min oxygen, these oxygen are for the tobacco leaf of the 1.5625g/min that burns; Second order charge flow rate for combustion products dilute is 46.19L/min, and therefore, gas content in the total amount of two rank air inlet that oxicracking produces is very low, and it can be ignored the impact of volume, that is to say, final gas gross is still considered as 50L/min.So just can obtain the volume of the CO generating in 1min:

$V_{\mathrm{co}}=50L\×\stackrel{\‾}{{\mathrm{Vol}}_{\mathrm{co}}}=50L\×0.454\%=0.227L$

The quality of the CO generating in 1 minute is:

$v_{\mathrm{co}}=\frac{{\mathrm{PV}}_{\mathrm{co}}{M}_{\mathrm{co}}}{\mathrm{RT}}=0.2597g\·{\min }^{-1}$

So 1g tobacco leaf B is at 750 DEG C and equivalence ratio the CO quality that time burning generates is:

Embodiment 4: the present embodiment is the measuring method of CO burst size when tobacco sample D is burnt.

Tobacco sample D is as shown in table 2 through results of elemental analyses, the quality summation of these five kinds of elements of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur is 92.381%, as calculated, the volume of the consumed cabin air after this tobacco sample of 1g fully burns is that 4.8628L(temperature is 25 degree, and pressure is an atmospheric pressure).Getting equivalence ratio is 2.0, can obtain

Getting this tobacco sample 20g is laid on the quartz boat of 80cm uniformly, the fltting speed of quartz boat is 5cm/min, the feed speed of fuel is 20g ÷ 80cm × 5cm/min=1.25g/min, and the flow of air is 1.25g/min ÷ 0.4113g/l=3.04L/min.

Quartz boat advances 850 DEG C of combustion furnaces with the speed of 5cm/min, keep one-level air inlet (for supplying burning) and secondary air inlet (for dilution and cooling combusting gas) to be respectively 3.04L/min and 46.96L/min, open the vacuum pump being connected with the infrared instrument of non-scattering, regulating the flow of extracting gases is 1L/min simultaneously.The volume fraction curve (as shown in Figure 5) over time of the CO generating according to D burning, can find out that it is comparatively steady between 350～700s, CO volume fraction in this interval is added and after be averaged and obtain mean volume fraction and be:

$\stackrel{\‾}{{\mathrm{Vol}}_{\mathrm{co}}}=\frac{{\∫}_{350}^{700}{\mathrm{Vol}}_{\mathrm{co}}\mathrm{dt}}{700-350}=0.5303\%$

In whole combustion process, be 3.04L/min for the single order charge flow rate of the tobacco leaf that burns, and wherein only have 21% oxygen, be also 0.64L/min oxygen, these oxygen are for the tobacco leaf of the 1.25g/min that burns; Second order charge flow rate for combustion products dilute is 46.96L/min, and therefore, gas content in the total amount of two rank air inlet that oxicracking produces is very low, and it can be ignored the impact of volume, that is to say, final gas gross is still considered as 50L/min.So just can obtain the volume of the CO generating in 1min:

$V_{\mathrm{co}}=50L\×\stackrel{\‾}{{\mathrm{Vol}}_{\mathrm{co}}}=50L\×0.3102\%=0.2652L$

The quality of the CO generating in 1 minute is:

$v_{\mathrm{co}}=\frac{{\mathrm{PV}}_{\mathrm{co}}{M}_{\mathrm{co}}}{\mathrm{RT}}=0.3035g\·{\min }^{-1}$

So 1g tobacco leaf D is at 850 DEG C and equivalence ratio the CO quality that time burning generates is:

The specifying information of table 1 the utility model tobacco sample used.

The results of elemental analyses of table 2 the utility model tobacco sample used.

Claims (1)

1. the result of combustion of tobacco CO burst size analytical equipment based on controlled equivalence ratio method, is characterized in that comprising:

Rotary heating furnace (6) and annular-heating furnace controller (7), one end that quartz ampoule (3) is located in described rotary heating furnace is fire end, the other end is non-fire end, be provided with seal at described non-fire end, quartz boat (4) is located in described quartz ampoule and by outside stepper motor (2) and is promoted in quartz ampoule, at the uniform velocity to move, on described seal, be provided with two through holes for supply air line path and stepper motor transmission path, described supply air line is provided with one-level charge flow rate meter (1);

The outlet side of described rotary heating furnace (6) connects dilution tank (8), is connected with blowdown valve (10) and secondary air inlet pipeline in described dilution tank, is provided with secondary charge flow rate meter (9) on described secondary air inlet pipeline;

The infrared instrument of non-scattering (12) is communicated with described dilution tank by pipeline, and on connecting pipeline, is provided with filtrator (11), and the infrared instrument of described non-scattering (12) rear portion is communicated with vacuum pump (14) and CO consistency recorder (13).