CN203758839U - Device for measuring lodging-resistant strength of stalks of crops - Google Patents
Device for measuring lodging-resistant strength of stalks of crops Download PDFInfo
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- CN203758839U CN203758839U CN201420090171.3U CN201420090171U CN203758839U CN 203758839 U CN203758839 U CN 203758839U CN 201420090171 U CN201420090171 U CN 201420090171U CN 203758839 U CN203758839 U CN 203758839U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a method and a device for measuring the lodging-resistant strength of stalks of crops. The device comprises a stalk clamp, a signal acquisition and amplification module, a data processing module, a signal power module and a key and display module, wherein the signal acquisition and amplification module comprises a tension sensor, an A/D (analog/digital) converter, a tension angle sensor, an inclination angle sensor and an AD620. The device is used for acquiring angle data between a tension direction and a crop stalk direction during lodging-resistant measurement of the crops, so that tension can be corrected to the direction perpendicular to the stalks of the crops. The measurement device disclosed by the utility model is insensitive to the angle; consistent tension data can be acquired when the crops are subjected to same-strength tension measurement from different angles, so that tension measurement universality can be realized; by the use of the device for measuring the lodging-resistant strength of the stalks of the crops, the influence, caused by different tension directions, on a measurement result can be obviously alleviated, so that the lodging-resistant strength measurement data obtained by crop lodging-resistant measurement are accurate and reliable.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to strength meter, is specifically related to a kind of crop stem strength detection device resistant to lodging.
Background technology
Plant lodging is the crop plant stem stalk that caused by the extraneous factor phenomenon from natural erectility to permanent dislocation, when reason is plant growth under the effect of natural conditions such as wind and rain and form a kind of bending force vertical with plant, cause plant bending, even fracture.When this bending force is within limits time, under natural growth conditions, can also recover, but while exceeding certain limit, just can cause expendable destruction, form lodging.Lodging can according to lodging occur position lodging can be divided into stem fall, joint fall and root fall.And most research shows that lodging can be divided into that stem falls (folding) and root falls.Can be by the following fringe stipes bending occurring, fractureing is called stem, and plant angle of inclination is greater than to 30 ° or 45 °, and cane can maintain straight and upright lodging and is called root lodging.Lodging phenomenon be common in cereal crop as, corn, paddy rice, wheat, soybean etc.Research shows that the crops such as corn, wheat, paddy rice, tobacco cause the production loss of crop very huge because of lodging, and crop stem lodging intensity is one affects the very important index of crop yield.The New Crop Varieties cultivating, determine whether this kind has premium properties, wherein very important of the mensuration of characteristic resistant to lodging.
In order to record the data of crop intensity resistant to lodging, for the research of crop characteristic resistant to lodging, expert has made a series of a large amount of experiment both at home and abroad, specially determination techniques has been made to research, has drawn analysis and experiment research on a series of mechanics.Mechanics assay method resistant to lodging has following several:
(1) the vertical crushing strength of stem stalk and stem stalk sclerderm perforation strength: stem stalk sclerderm perforation strength is by a certain size probe, perpendicular to stem stalk direction, thrusts stem stem epidermis, now reads the full-scale reading of stem stalk.Corresponding determining instrument has 3YJ-1 type corn stem sclerometer (development of Jilin academy of agricultural sciences), YN type crop stem intensity measuring device resistant to lodging (Xunjie Test Techn Co., Ltd., Hewan Agricultural Univ.'s design).
(2) the curved strength detection of stem stalk tension: concrete method be in field artificially by plant stretch bending, be 30 °～45 ° angles with ground, now record value of thrust and judge crop lodging resistance.The horizontal tensile strength of the method energy comprehensive evaluation stem stalk, but root system development can not utilize the method when bad.
(3) stem stalk ionization meter: the Wang Yong etc. that laterally fracture have introduced the assay method of wheat stalk stalk fracture resistence force.Get by (defoliation sheath) between wheat base portion second section, two ends are put in the support yoke groove of high 50cm, interval 5cm, hang in the middle a spring balance, value of thrust when calculating stem stalk is pulled off.
(4) power of eradicating is measured: crop root residue is vertically extracted required power from soil, can indirectly reflect well developed root system degree.Because may making result, the variation of soil texture has a tremendous difference.There is 3YC-1 in China at present
Type corn stubble is extracted dynamometer (development of Jilin academy of agricultural sciences).
(5) other assay methods: the mensuration of root intensity, the assay method such as period and position of stem stalk and root strength detection.
The measurement that laterally fractures of crop, vertical crushing strength are measured and the power of eradicating is measured, crop need to be carried out to destructive test, experiment test does not have repeatability, and need to take back laboratory and operate, cannot carry out the intensity resistant to lodging of different times in growth cycle to same corn and assess, not meet the non-destroyed measurement trend of present survey instrument.And the tensile strength of crop is measured, can effectively intend factors such as nature wind-force, and relatively little to the injury of crop, but traditional tensile strength measuring method has the place of obvious deficiency, first direction of pull difference has uncertainty to the result of measuring, and brings certain error to test result; Secondly Operating Complexity, in measurement, need a people to measure crop stem by the angle of stretch bending, another people measures the suffered pulling force of crop simultaneously, read the registration of spring, and in the time of tension measurement, the shake of staff can not ensure mate real-time with angle value of value of thrust, therefore brought error in data and the waste of manpower to experiments of measuring.
Summary of the invention
The technical problems to be solved in the utility model is to provide one and has the insensitive crop stem of angle strength detection device resistant to lodging, can realize while carrying out tension measurement from different directions, pulling force is corrected to same direction, obtains reliable consistent universal measurement result.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the utility model is:
Design a kind of crop stem strength detection device resistant to lodging, comprise stem stalk fixture, signals collecting and amplification module, data processing module, signal power source module, button and display module, described signals collecting and amplification module comprise pulling force sensor, A/D converter and:
At least one pulling force angular transducer, for measuring the angle [alpha] of pulling force with respect to horizontal direction;
At least one gradient sensor, is fixed on described stem stalk fixture, for measuring the inclination angle beta of crop stem with respect to horizontal direction; And:
Operational amplifier A D620.
This device also comprises the microprocessor module of wireless data transfer module NRF2401 and angle signal acquisition and processing, is sent to described data processing module for the angle signal of the inclination of stem stalk that described gradient sensor is collected.
Described pulling force sensor is JLBS pulling force sensor.
Described pulling force angular transducer or gradient sensor are SCA60C angular transducer.
Described data processing module comprises central processing unit S3C6410.
Design a kind of assay method that utilizes said determination device to carry out crop stem intensity resistant to lodging, comprise the steps:
(1) gradient sensor in strength detection device resistant to lodging crop stem described in claim 1 and described stem stalk fixture are fixed together, then they are fixed on crop stem to be measured;
(2) and by described pulling force sensor via stem stalk fixture with it corresponding conduction rope/bar be fastened on crop stem to be measured;
(3) more described pulling force angular transducer is fixed on the connection of conduction rope/bar or pulling force sensor;
(4) the tensile force f information, α angle information, β angle information that described pulling force sensor, gradient sensor, pulling force angular transducer gather respectively the corresponding moment is amplified and is delivered to data processing module after processing and carry out data processing according to following equation and obtain the power F ' in stem stalk vertical direction via signal, using it as the foundation of judging crop stem intensity resistant to lodging:
F′＝F×sin(α+β) (1)
In the time measuring, can first demarcate pulling force sensor with following method:
Pulling force sensor is applied to the pulling force of a series of known values of thrust (N), record pulling force sensor collection the corresponding A/D value through A/D converter conversion process gained simultaneously, input using A/D value as horizontal ordinate, using value of thrust (N) as ordinate is as output, value of thrust and A/D value are carried out to linear regression and obtain:
y＝A×x+B (2)
Wherein, y represents the value of thrust (N) of actual conversion output, and x represents the size of the A/D conversion value receiving, and B represents the intercept of matched curve, and A is slope.
In the time measuring, can first demarcate angular transducer with following method:
Carry out the change in direction slowly in-90 ° of directions of angular transducer mark, be more repeatedly averaging measuring the information of voltage obtaining, calculate the minimum value of voltage signal; Equally, sensor acquiescence+90 ° of directions near, carry out the variation in slow direction, find out the maximal value of output voltage signal; The linear changing relation of voltage when variation by maximal value and minimum value and angle, simulates the corresponding relation of angle value and A/D output valve, and using A/D as input, with angle, as output, the input/output relation of correspondence is as follows:
y′＝A′×x′+B′ (3)
The wherein angle value of y ' representative output after conversion, the value that x ' exports after circuit is sent to A/D for angular transducer, and B ' represents the intercept of matched curve, A ' is slope.
In described step (4), described pulling force sensor, gradient sensor, pulling force angular transducer gather respectively tensile force f information, α angle information, the β angle information in corresponding moment and are processed as follows by data processing module after amplifying processing via signal:
(1) angle calculates: by the angle α of direction of pull and horizontal direction, and stem stalk obtains the angle β between direction of pull and crop stem vertical direction, calculates angle theta between direction of pull and crop stem,
θ＝α+β (4)
(2) calculate initial tensile force value: by AD value ad corresponding to pulling force, calculate the original value of thrust obtaining, computing formula can be obtained by calibration process Chinese style 2, and the value of thrust F that sensor returns can be expressed as,
F＝A×ad+B (5)
(3) conversion value of thrust: establish through the pulling force after zero clearing and be made as F ', and the initial calibration value of thrust of crop stem strength detection device resistant to lodging while measuring is JZ (being to start in latter 1 second and under zero input condition, the data of sampling are averaging and obtain corrected value JZ at measurement mechanism), the value of thrust F deducting after initial value can be expressed as:
F′＝F-JZ (6)
(4) angularity correction value of thrust, the value of thrust of establishing after angularity correction is made as T, and the value of thrust that can finally be carried out over-angle calibration is:
T＝F′×|sinθ| (7)
Composite type 4～formula 7 can draw, the expression formula of the pulling force data T needing as shown in Equation 8:
T＝[(A×ad+B)-JZ]×|sin(α+β)| (8)
Value of thrust T is the value of thrust after real-time direction calibration.
The utlity model has actively useful effect:
1. the utility model crop stem strength detection device resistant to lodging has angle insensitivity, has realized while from different perspectives crop being carried out to same intensity tension measurement, can obtain consistent pulling force data, has realized tension measurement universalization.
2. utilize the utility model to carry out crop stem strength detection resistant to lodging and can obviously reduce the impact of direction of pull difference on measurement result, make tensile strength measurement data when crop is resistant to lodging measures more accurate, reliable.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the connecting circuit figure of pulling force signals collecting and amplification in the utility model device;
Fig. 2 is the reduction circuit of process angle signal in the utility model device;
Fig. 3 is pulling force data calibration map;
Fig. 4 is pulling force correlation curve figure.
Embodiment
Further set forth the utility model below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
1 one kinds of crop stems of embodiment strength detection device resistant to lodging, comprise signals collecting and amplification module, data processing module, signal power source module, button and LCD display, wireless data transfer module (NRF2401), described signals collecting and amplification module comprise pulling force sensor (JLBS), A/D converter, for measuring pulling force with respect to the pulling force angular transducer (SCA60C) of the angle [alpha] of horizontal direction, for measuring gradient sensor, the operational amplifier A D620 of crop stem with respect to the inclination angle beta of horizontal direction.
Signals collecting and amplification module can be divided into the collection of pulling force signal and the collection of angle signal to the collection of signal, the collection of pulling force signal adopts the bridge circuit of pulling force sensor, the pulling force suffered to crop gathers, and the collection of angle signal utilizes inclinator SCA60C to carry out the collection of information.
In the collection of pulling force signal, adopt traditional pulling force sensor to gather signal, by pulling force sensor, pulling force signal is converted to electric signal, carry out again the amplification of signal by AD620, signal is converted to the voltage signal that can directly process, the signals collecting of design and the connecting circuit of amplification are as shown in Figure 1.In figure, JP2 is the interface of pulling force sensor, and wherein 1 pin connects power supply, and 2,3 pins are the difference mode signal source of output, export AD620 to and carry out the amplification of signal.Changed by the real-time angle in the process of forgetting about it in order to record crop stem, design has adopted the collection source of single shaft obliquity sensor SCA60C as angle signal; The working circuit diagram of SCA60C is very simple, while measuring angle of inclination, only needs to connect power source and ground, next stage AD is introduced in output, and output is when from-90 ° to+90 °, and the change in voltage scope of output is 0.5V～4.5V, if without special requirement, this voltage can carry out next step processing.
The processing of angle signal: while being sent to ARM chip due to output voltage, treatable maximum voltage is 3.3V, and angular transducer is output as 0.5V～4.5V, so designed that a voltage step-down circuit (referring to Fig. 2) has carried out to voltage that ratio is dwindled and entirety deduct 0.4V voltage, and then export A/D to and process, in figure, J3 represents the pin figure of SCA60C, the output terminal that 2 pins of J3 are angle signal, be input to 10 pins of TLV2404, 10 pins and 8, 9 pins are Yi road operational amplifiers wherein, from 10 pin inputs, 8, pin output after 9 short circuits, can form a voltage follower, stop the impact of next stage voltage.Output is incorporated into another independent discharge circuit of 12,13,14 pin compositions, and the ratio being made up of R10, R14, R18 is dwindled circuit, and the signal of input is dwindled to 0.8 times, is input to lower one end by 14 pins.And single amplifier of the composition of 1,2,3 pins has formed another one subtraction circuit, positive input end is at 14 pins, accessed by sensor, the 0.4V voltage of a negative standard of input end input, 0.4V voltage is got by R15, R17, R20, R21 dividing potential drop, by a voltage follower of 5,6,7 compositions, reduce equally the impact of next stage circuit on this voltage again, be input to the negative input end of subtracter.Dwindle the processing of circuit and subtracter through ratio, just completed the linear transformation of voltage from 0.5～4.5V to 0～3.2V.
The step of utilizing said determination device to carry out cane strength detection resistant to lodging mainly comprises:
(1) pulling force sensor is demarcated
In the time that data send by A/D from pulling force sensor, the value of thrust of itself and standard need to be demarcated, A/D value is converted to actual measured value value of thrust.Using A/D value as horizontal ordinate, input, using value of thrust (N) as unit is as output, carries out the analysis of data by value of thrust and A/D value, can draw corresponding relation table, as shown in Figure 3.
Can draw through data analysis, the corresponding relation between A/D value and suffered value of thrust is shown in formula 9:
y＝0.0279x-2.6321 (9)
Wherein, y represents the value of thrust (N) of actual conversion output, x represents the size of the value of the A/D signal receiving, and 2.6321 represent the intercept of matched curve, its source is that sensor pulling force signal exports in the time of 0 input is not 0, and software zero clearing is carried out in the zero point drift causing as calculated, survey so the corresponding relation between the suffered pulling force of object and A/D signal that processor detects, by calculating with formula 9.
(2) demarcation of angular transducer: carry out the change in direction slowly in-90 ° of directions left and right of sensor identification, the spine that information of voltage is occurred removes, repeatedly be averaging measuring the information of voltage obtaining again, calculate the minimum value of voltage signal.Equally, sensor acquiescence+90 ° of direction degree near, carry out the variation in slow direction, find out the maximal value of output voltage signal, just can be used as the minimax value information of angular transducer.Through repeatedly measuring, maximal value and the minimum value value after A/D conversion respectively: 3678 and 385, is correspondingly respectively+90 ° of corresponding A/D values during with-90 ° export.
The linear changing relation of voltage when variation by maximal value and minimum value and angle, can be easy to calculate the corresponding relation of angle value and A/D output valve, using A/D as input, with angle as output, the input/output relation of correspondence as shown in Equation 10:
y＝0.1324x-101.91 (10)
The wherein angle value of y representative output after conversion, x is the value that angular transducer is exported after circuit is sent to AD, entirety is linear input and output, can calculate out the corresponding relation of exporting between the AD value of the input detecting and angle value through the conversion of formula 10.
(3) gradient sensor in strength detection device resistant to lodging described crop stem is fixed on crop stem to be measured; And described pulling force sensor is fastened on crop stem to be measured via corresponding conduction rope/bar; Again described pulling force angular transducer is fixed on described conduction rope/bar;
(4) the tensile force f information, α angle information, β angle information that described pulling force sensor, gradient sensor, pulling force angular transducer gather respectively the corresponding moment is amplified and is delivered to data processing module after processing and carry out data processing via signal:
The first step, angle calculates.By the angle α of direction of pull and horizontal direction, and stem stalk obtains the angle β between direction of pull and crop stem vertical direction, calculates angle theta between direction of pull and crop stem:
θ＝α+β (11)
Second step, calculates initial tensile force value.By A/D value ad corresponding to pulling force, calculate the original value of thrust obtaining, computing formula can be obtained by formula in calibration process 9, and the value of thrust F that sensor returns can be expressed as:
F＝0.027c9×ad-2.632 (12)
The 3rd step, conversion value of thrust.If be made as F ' through the pulling force after zero clearing, and measure time initial calibration value of thrust be JZ, the value of thrust F deducting after initial value can be expressed as:
F′＝F-JZ (13)
The 4th step, angularity correction value of thrust, the value of thrust of establishing after angularity correction is made as T, and the value of thrust that can finally be carried out over-angle calibration is:
T＝F′×|sinθ| (14)
Aggregative formula 9～14 can draw, the expression formula of the pulling force data T needing as shown in Equation 15:
T＝((0.0279×ad-2.6321)-JZ)×|sin(α+β)| (15)
Value of thrust T is the value of thrust after real-time direction calibration, is output to display and carries out real-time demonstration, and store storage card into, carries out the preservation of data.
Embodiment 2 utilizes measurement mechanism and the method in embodiment 1 to carry out test for tensile strength
Choose a layback spring simulation seeding corn and other crops, carry out tensile strength experiment, and with spring as experimental subjects, can make experiment there is good repeatability, contrast property is more obvious, makes experimental verification have more cogency.
(1) material of experiment mainly contains spring, the fixture of fixing spring, the instron tensile strength tester of design, rope etc.
(2) verification method: undertaken by contrast experiment, contrast respectively different angles by spring when moving same position to, the raw data of pulling force and correction angle pulling force data afterwards, if raw data changes obviously, and correction pulling force data is afterwards more stable, can show, carry out the pulling force data of over-angle correction, more can show reliably the size of crop suffered power in the process of forgetting about it, thus the realization of the insensitive crop stem of the angle determination techniques resistant to lodging of checking.
(3) proof procedure is as follows: spring one end is stuck on fixture, it is fixed, direction straight up, at other end fixed angle sensor, and rope carries out tensile test to the other end, when experiment, spring is to 75 ° of left and right along stable being pulled to water direction of same plane, while ensureing each measurement, the degree of crook (moment) of pulling force is certain.
While starting to measure, on the direction of pull of rope and the axis direction of spring from horizontal direction be negative 40 ° to slowly moving positive 40 ° of left and right to, in measuring process, the angle of inclination that as far as possible ensures spring remains on 75 ° of left and right, with the useful data that obtains as much as possible, avoid the generation of invalid pulling force data.
(4) experimental data and analysis
After experiment measuring finishes, data are screened, cast out stem stalk and horizontal sextant angle and be greater than the data of 76 ° and be less than the data between 75 °, in order to ensure that spring is to be in same position, carry out the analysis of data, the result of statistics part is as shown in table 1 below.
Table 1 test figure contrast table
Tension measurement is chosen to 100 groups of data, with the horizontal ordinate that is changed to of direction of pull, to ordinate, draw corresponding coordinate curve with the size of value of thrust, corresponding curve as shown in Figure 4.
By finding out on figure, blue curve represents the curve of original pulling force with variable angle between direction of pull and spring, from the trend of moving towards of stress curve, before not proofreading and correct pulling force, be while measuring between 45 ° to 90 ° at pulling force and crop spring, value of thrust is and obviously reduces trend, 29.06N when value of thrust is 45.2 ° from angle, be changed to angle and be the 21.03N of 86 °, intensity of variation is peaked 39.1%, and direction of pull more more approaches 90 ° with the force direction that is subject to of spring, needed value of thrust trend is less, meet the stressed mechanical analysis of crop.
Red curve represents the change curve of pulling force process angularity correction value of thrust afterwards with angle relation between spring and direction of pull.As can be seen from Figure, although value of thrust presents certain fluctuation (analyzing reason is that certain shake appears in hand in drawing), but angle changes from 50 ° to 100 °, the size of value of thrust is basicly stable near some mean value, 21.67N while changing to from 45 ° of 20.618N 86 ° time, the degree changing is peaked 4.85%, and variation tendency has clear improvement before proofreading and correct.Illustrate that spring is pulled to the relevance of the angle between size and pulling force and the spring of same angle value of thrust is little, realized and measured pulling force to the insensitive characteristic of the angle of pulling force.
Can find out from correlation curve, significantly change with the variation of direction of pull without the original pulling force data of overcorrect, in 90 ° of left and right, value of thrust minimum.Pulling force after process angularity correction is when angle changes, basicly stable in certain interval, with the variation of angle not obvious, and the value of thrust of entirety when maintaining pulling force angle and being 90 °, the variation that pulling force angle is changed to the pulling force causing has had obvious improvement.
Although, above with a general description of the specific embodiments the utility model being done to detailed description, on the utility model basis, can make some modifications or improvements it, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements on the basis of not departing from the utility model spirit, all belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a crop stem strength detection device resistant to lodging, comprise stem stalk fixture, signals collecting and amplification module, data processing module, signal power source module, button and display module, described signals collecting and amplification module comprise pulling force sensor, AD converter, it is characterized in that, described signals collecting and amplification module also comprise:
At least one pulling force angular transducer, for measuring the angle [alpha] of pulling force with respect to horizontal direction;
At least one gradient sensor, is fixed on described stem stalk fixture, for measuring the inclination angle beta of crop stem with respect to horizontal direction; And operational amplifier A D620.
2. crop stem according to claim 1 strength detection device resistant to lodging, it is characterized in that, this device also comprises the microprocessor module of wireless data transfer module NRF2401 and angle signal acquisition and processing, is sent to described data processing module for the angle signal of the inclination of stem stalk that described gradient sensor is collected.
3. crop stem according to claim 1 strength detection device resistant to lodging, is characterized in that, described pulling force sensor is JLBS pulling force sensor.
4. crop stem according to claim 1 strength detection device resistant to lodging, is characterized in that, described pulling force angular transducer or gradient sensor are SCA60C angular transducer.
5. crop stem according to claim 1 strength detection device resistant to lodging, is characterized in that, described data processing module comprises central processing unit S3C6410.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103822829A (en) * | 2014-03-03 | 2014-05-28 | 河南农业大学 | Crop stalk lodging resistance measurement method and device |
| CN110024580A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-07-19 | 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 | A method of measurement plant different type root system power resistant to lodging |
-
2014
- 2014-03-03 CN CN201420090171.3U patent/CN203758839U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103822829A (en) * | 2014-03-03 | 2014-05-28 | 河南农业大学 | Crop stalk lodging resistance measurement method and device |
| CN110024580A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-07-19 | 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 | A method of measurement plant different type root system power resistant to lodging |
| CN110024580B (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2021-05-11 | 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 | Method for measuring lodging resistance of different types of root systems of corn plants |
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