CN203668438U - Partially sloping reduction ironmaking furnace - Google Patents
Partially sloping reduction ironmaking furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN203668438U CN203668438U CN201320731028.3U CN201320731028U CN203668438U CN 203668438 U CN203668438 U CN 203668438U CN 201320731028 U CN201320731028 U CN 201320731028U CN 203668438 U CN203668438 U CN 203668438U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a partially sloping reduction ironmaking furnace. According to the ironmaking furnace, reduction chambers are designed in a partially sloping manner; each reduction chamber comprises a pre-reduction area, a transition area and a fusion area from the top to the bottom; the pre-reduction area and the fusion area are vertically positioned in the furnace body; the transition area is arranged in an inclined manner; the included angle between the transition area and the horizontal line of the furnace body is a certain angle; a heatproof baffle is arranged in each cavity; the heatproof baffles are fixed on the furnace body; interspaces are reserved between the heatproof baffles and the reduction chambers. The ironmaking furnace has the advantages that smelting reduction and direct reduction can be adjusted flexibly, so as to realize cyclic utilization of carbon monoxide, and greatly reduce the cost; continuous production and stable operation can be realized; materials are heated evenly; reactions are complete; the phenomenon that materials are hung on walls can be controlled efficiently; the problem in wastewater treatment is avoided; the ironmaking furnace is environmental-friendly, which meets the requirements of environmental protection and clean production.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of reduction iron-making furnace, is specifically related to the integral type reduction iron-making furnace that a kind of chamber of reduction is local ramp type structure, belongs to iron ore smelting device technical field.
Background technology
The product that refining forms taking iron ore as raw material is at present mainly molten iron and sponge iron.The technique of iron ore being refined into molten iron mainly contains blast furnace process, direct-reduction process, smelting reduction process, plasma method, wherein smelting reduction process because environmental pollution is little, advantage the obtains domestic and international expert's such as less investment, flow process be short concern, be a large problem in current non-blast furnace ironmaking field.At present, the production technique of sponge iron is mainly rotary hearth furnace method.Rotary hearth furnace process is mainly that iron content powder, coal dust material, sweetening agent are mixed to rear pelletizing, then will after mixed uniformly raw material stoving preheating, add in rotary hearth furnace, along with the rotation of furnace bottom, furnace charge enters after completion of the reaction in hot transfer cask through preheating zone, reduction zone, neutral zone successively or is cooling fast.
Applicant has applied on November 18th, 2011 patent of invention that a key name is 201110365916.3 for " a kind of integral type reduction iron-making furnace and integral type reduction iron production technology ", application number, and authorized.A kind of integral type reduction iron-making furnace is disclosed in this patent, in this reduction iron production furnace body, be arranged in order some reduction chamber, two reduction chambers and body of heater surround a cavity jointly, this cavity is in semi-closed state, the inflammable gas that reduction chamber produces burns in this cavity, reduction chamber is heated, thereby improved the utilization ratio of carbon monoxide.This iron-smelting furnace can be refined molten iron and sponge iron simultaneously, has clean, energy-conservation, production efficiency advantages of higher.But in further production and application, find that this iron-smelting furnace still exists certain defect, for example: 1, reduction chamber is vertical cavity, after once loading reaction, reaction material is all come out of the stove, combustion air is introduced ignition from the bottom of body of heater, the distribution of hot-fluid determines that reduction chamber temperature of lower is apparently higher than upper temp, reduction chamber is heated inhomogeneous, so very easily cause the indoor material of the reduction inequality of being heated, the material reaction on top is incomplete, in the reaction material of pouring out, have unreacted material completely, material yield rate reduces; 2, iron-smelting furnace respectively reduce chamber can not same fashion material, it is charging successively after the certain hour of interval, complex operation, in the production process of each reduction chamber, there is the vacant time, cause the waste in production space, each reduction chamber can not continuous charging, and charging again again after reaction material all need to being poured out, and production efficiency decreases; 3, in the time of refining red soil nickel ore, ingredient wherein has viscosity in certain temperature range, is very easily bonded on the sidewall of reduction chamber, cause wall cling phenomenon, need to stop production reduction chamber is cleared up, obviously reduce production efficiency, but also can affect the work-ing life of stove; There is very large difference in the temperature of reaction needing while 4, producing molten iron and sponge iron, differ more than 300 DEG C, in order to make material of construction can bear high temperature, manufacture the kiln of refining molten iron than high nearly three times of the kiln cost of refining sponge iron, because there is huge cost variance in both, although so this iron-smelting furnace can be simultaneously for refining molten iron and sponge iron, in the time of actual production, the object of two-way flexible production is difficult to realize.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is for the existing defect of above-mentioned iron-smelting furnace; make improvements; a kind of local ramp type reduction iron-making furnace is provided; the problem such as the utility model iron-smelting furnace has overcome in background technology that stove material reaction is inhomogeneous, material wall built-up, production efficiency are low, is conducive to the large production of mass-producing more.
The utility model is realized by following measures:
A kind of local ramp type reduction iron-making furnace, comprise closed furnace body, body of heater is provided with the venting port of Exhaust Gas, in body of heater, be arranged in order some reduction chamber, between reduction chamber and body of heater, there is space, between two reduction chambers and body of heater, or jointly surround a cavity that is semi-closed state between first reduction chamber or last reduction chamber and body of heater, reduction top, chamber is provided with opening for feed, bottom is provided with discharge port, reduction chamber sidewall is provided with at least one air outlet, the gas that reaction generates overflows and enters cavity from air outlet, it is characterized in that: described reduction chamber comprises prereduction district from top to bottom successively, zone of transition and melting zone, described prereduction district and melting zone are vertically positioned at body of heater, described zone of transition is obliquely installed, be fixed angle with body of heater sea line, in each cavity, be equipped with heat-resisting baffle plate, described heat-resisting baffle plate is fixed on body of heater, between heat-resisting baffle plate and reduction chamber, has space.
Above-mentioned local ramp type reduction iron-making furnace, preferably prereduction district height is 2/5 of body of heater height, and zone of transition vertical height is 2/5 of body of heater height, and melting zone height is 1/5 of body of heater height.
Above-mentioned local ramp type reduction iron-making furnace, zone of transition and body of heater sea line angulation are α, α=30-40 ° or 140-150 °, preferably α=30 ° or 150 °.Described body of heater sea line refers to the line parallel with the end of body of heater because the end of body of heater be generally parallel to the ground, so body of heater sea line is generally sea line.
Above-mentioned local ramp type reduction iron-making furnace, described heat-resisting baffle plate is the position in zone of transition and melting zone intersection preferably.
Above-mentioned local ramp type reduction iron-making furnace, described heat-resisting baffle plate adopts the mode parallel with body of heater sea line to arrange.
Above-mentioned local ramp type reduction iron-making furnace, on body of heater, be also provided with air extractor, this air extractor is sent the inflammable gas on cavity top into the cavity place below baffle plate, described air extractor is provided with at least one bleeding point, described bleeding point is arranged at top or the top of body of heater, described air extractor is provided with at least one air taking port, and described air taking port is positioned on body of heater, is arranged at the position below baffle plate.Air outlet and air taking port are all positioned at cavity place.
Above-mentioned local ramp type reduction iron-making furnace, baffle plate at body of heater is also equipped with at least one blast inlet with upper part and position below baffle plate, described blast inlet is positioned at cavity place, blast inlet is provided with air supply plant and/or the gas line of sending into combustion-supporting gas, can make combustion-supporting gas or coal gas enter in cavity.
Above-mentioned local ramp type reduction iron-making furnace, described air extractor and air supply plant in the time arranging first-selection away from the position of venting port.
Above-mentioned local ramp type reduction iron-making furnace, opening for feed and discharge port are all positioned at the outside of body of heater.
Above-mentioned local ramp type reduction iron-making furnace, air outlet is positioned in reduction prereduction district, chamber.
Above-mentioned local ramp type reduction iron-making furnace, reduction bottom, chamber is also provided with iron notch and slag-drip opening, and described iron notch and slag-drip opening are positioned at reduction chamber and body of heater intersection or are positioned at outside body of heater, and iron notch and slag-drip opening lay respectively at the not ipsilateral of reduction chamber.Slag-drip opening is preferably higher than iron notch.
Above-mentioned local ramp type reduction iron-making furnace, each reduction chamber is preferably provided with two air outlets.
Above-mentioned local ramp type reduction iron-making furnace, is equipped with refractory materials on reduction chamber interior walls and inboard wall of furnace body, and the material of described refractory baffle is also refractory materials.
Above-mentioned local ramp type reduction iron-making furnace, described venting port is preferably disposed on the position near last reduction chamber, and venting port is preferably placed at the middle part of sidewall of the furnace body, and venting port is provided with the extractor fans such as blower fan, will discard in body of heater and extract out.
Adopt the serialization ironmaking technique of fusion and reduction of above-mentioned local ramp type reduction iron-making furnace to comprise the following steps:
(1) powdered iron ore, raw coal and flux are mixed, after simple moulding, become carbon containing ferriferous oxide pelletizing, dry, as furnace charge, the furnace charge after oven dry adds in each reduction chamber, and respectively the chamber of reduction adds furnace charge amount consistent;
(2) utilizing external heat source to keep body of heater prereduction district and zone of transition temperature is 800-1000 DEG C, melting zone temperature is 1250-1400 DEG C, the furnace charge generation high-temperature fusion reduction reaction of melting zone after temperature-stable, the inflammable gas that reaction generates enters cavity, the molten iron of reaction gained is discharged from iron notch, scum is discharged from slag-drip opening, under molten iron and the rear furnace charge of scum discharge are automatic under gravity and suction function, moves up into melting zone, in reduction chamber, adds furnace charge to original position; After melting zone reacts completely again, again molten iron and scum are discharged, then fill it up with furnace charge, always circulation row molten iron scum, reinforced step;
(3) simultaneously, the inflammable gas on cavity top is constantly pumped in the cavity below baffle plate, it is melting zone heating that heat is emitted in inflammable gas and combustion-supporting gas ignition, accelerate melting zone furnace charge reaction, high temperature hot gas after burning enters into cavity more than baffle plate by the space between baffle plate and reduction chamber, zone of transition and prereduction district are heated, in the cavity of not clean-burning inflammable gas more than baffle plate, carry out secondary combustion in addition, further prereduction district and zone of transition are heated;
(4) step (2) and (3) serialization are synchronously carried out, and realize serialization ironmaking.
In above-mentioned serialization ironmaking technique of fusion and reduction, after utilizing the combustion heat energy of inflammable gas or physics heat energy to heat reduction chamber, prereduction temperature remains on 900-1100 DEG C, and zone of transition temperature remains on 1100-1300 DEG C, and melting zone temperature remains on 1400-1650 DEG C; If do not reach said temperature, maintain said temperature to passing into coal gas in cavity.
In above-mentioned serialization ironmaking technique of fusion and reduction, the tail gas that gas fuel burning produces is discharged by venting port, and expellant gas is for dry furnace charge.
In above-mentioned serialization ironmaking technique of fusion and reduction, the add-on of furnace charge accounts for 4/5 of reduction chamber volume.
In above-mentioned serialization ironmaking technique of fusion and reduction, gained molten iron, from iron notch flows out, obtains high-quality molten iron, can directly carry out the moulding processs such as steel plate rolling, and slag is discharged from slag-drip opening; While thering is no iron notch and slag-drip opening, directly from discharge hole for discharge, enter pond and carry out shrend, obtain the rough pig iron.
In above-mentioned serialization ironmaking technique of fusion and reduction, described flux is Wingdale, and the mass ratio of powdered iron ore, raw coal and flux is: 8.0-9.0:0.15-0.25:0.45-0.55, and the granularity of powdered iron ore, raw coal and flux is all less than 15mm; Described combustion-supporting gas is air or oxygen.
Adopt the serialization direct reduction iron making technique of above-mentioned local ramp type reduction iron-making furnace to comprise the following steps:
(1) powdered iron ore, raw coal and flux are mixed, after simple moulding, become carbon containing ferriferous oxide pelletizing, dry, as furnace charge, the furnace charge after oven dry adds in each reduction chamber, and respectively the chamber of reduction adds furnace charge amount consistent;
(2) utilizing external heat source to keep body of heater prereduction district and zone of transition temperature is 800-900 DEG C, melting zone temperature is 900-1000 DEG C, the furnace charge generation direct reduction reactor of melting zone after temperature-stable, the inflammable gas that reaction generates enters cavity, the sponge iron of reaction gained is discharged from discharge port, under the rear furnace charge of sponge iron discharge is automatic under gravity and suction function, move up into melting zone, in reduction chamber, add furnace charge to original position; After melting zone reacts completely again, again sponge iron is discharged, then fill it up with furnace charge, always circulation row sponge iron, reinforced step;
(3) simultaneously, the inflammable gas on cavity top is constantly pumped in the cavity below baffle plate, it is melting zone heating that heat is emitted in inflammable gas and combustion-supporting gas ignition, accelerate melting zone furnace charge reaction, high temperature hot gas after burning enters into cavity more than baffle plate by the space between baffle plate and reduction chamber, zone of transition and prereduction district are heated, in the cavity of not clean-burning inflammable gas more than baffle plate, carry out secondary combustion in addition, further prereduction district and zone of transition are heated;
(4) step (2) and (3) serialization are synchronously carried out, and realize serialization ironmaking.
In above-mentioned serialization direct reduction iron making technique, after utilizing the combustion heat energy of inflammable gas or physics heat energy to heat reduction chamber, prereduction temperature remains on 900-1000 DEG C, and zone of transition temperature remains on 1000-1100 DEG C, and melting zone temperature remains on 1100-1200 DEG C; If do not reach said temperature, maintain said temperature to passing into coal gas in cavity.
In above-mentioned serialization direct reduction iron making technique, the tail gas that gas fuel burning produces is discharged by venting port, and expellant gas is for dry furnace charge.
In above-mentioned serialization direct reduction iron making technique, the add-on of furnace charge accounts for 4/5 of reduction chamber volume.
In above-mentioned serialization direct reduction iron making technique, described flux is Wingdale, and the mass ratio of powdered iron ore, raw coal and flux is: 8.0-9.0:0.15-0.25:0.45-0.55, and the granularity of powdered iron ore, raw coal and flux is all less than 15mm; Described combustion-supporting gas is air or oxygen.
The utility model iron-smelting furnace has following improvement and advantage:
1, the utility model improves reduction cell structure, is carried out local ramp type design, makes whole reduction chamber function, naturally be divided into prereduction district, zone of transition and melting zone, and so-called slope refers to that a part for reduction chamber is not vertical, but is obliquely installed.Slope is positioned at the middle part of reduction chamber, for reduction chamber zone of transition part, angle of inclination (taking body of heater sea line as benchmark) is 30-40 ° or 140-150 ° (preferably 30 ° or 150 °), the vertical height on slope accounts for 2/5 of body of heater height, top, slope is prereduction district, bottom, slope is melting zone, this slope and proportion, what time the designs such as angle are considered based on following: total CO content that (1) difference in functionality district produces carries out one respectively, when secondary combustion, according to hot-fluid trend and distribution, its heat wants large physical efficiency to ensure that the true temperature of reduction each functional zone, chamber reaches ideal temperature, (2) ensure the negative pressure that causes after the melt of melting zone and slag are discharged, the self gravitation acting in conjunction with the furnace charge of prereduction district and zone of transition is fallen smoothly the furnace charge of prereduction district and zone of transition under ideal temperature.After a large amount of research and experiment, contriver has drawn scheme of the present utility model, adopt the energy of this scheme reaction self can make each reduction chambers temp reach best ideal temperature, in melting zone, furnace charge is reduced into liquid state from iron notch flows out, the furnace charge of prereduction district and zone of transition can be descending smoothly under ideal temperature under self gravitation and pressure-acting, enter into respectively zone of transition and melting zone, now can continue to add furnace charge in prereduction district.Wall cling phenomenon mainly occurs in the residing temperature range in prereduction district, greatly alleviates at the wall cling phenomenon that has Xia Nengshi prereduction district of self gravitation and negative pressure, has effectively improved production efficiency.Reduction chamber is preferably cylindric, and the mode with rounding off between each several part connects, to ensure that material (the particularly material in prereduction district) can fall smoothly.
2, the utility model has added the heat-resisting baffle plate with effect of heat insulation (to be called for short baffle plate in body of heater chamber, lower same), baffle plate is made with refractory materials, be fixed on body of heater, be positioned at lower portion of furnace body, be preferably placed at zone of transition and melting zone intersection, i.e. bottom, slope (approximately 1/5 place, bottom, distance reduction chamber).Baffle plate level is installed in body of heater, and has a fixed gap between each reduction chamber, and the space between baffle plate and reduction chamber is referred to as also fire band.Baffle design has been optimized furnace binding, gas stream in the stove is distributed more controlled, improve temperature homogeneity and the heat transfer condition of furnace charge on cross section in reduction chamber, can better must control the temperature in reduction Shi Zhong difference in functionality district, improved quality stability and the grade upgrading of product.Also fiery band can effectively improve the recycle mode of carbon monoxide, controls its contribution to difference in functionality district, makes carbon monoxide realize peak use rate by secondary combustion, makes the utilization of carbon monoxide more reasonable, save energy; Making to reduce chamber can fill it up with furnace charge simultaneously and produce simultaneously, has utilized to greatest extent production space, and can realize continuous charging and the production of reduction furnace, and production efficiency is improved significantly.
3, the utility model can also arrange slag-drip opening and iron notch on reduction chamber, and retains the discharge port of bottom, reduction chamber, can make like this molten iron flow out from iron notch, and sponge iron is from discharge hole for discharge.The design of iron notch and slag-drip opening makes molten iron carry out purifying in the production phase, need not carry out again shrend slagging-off, in the time of discharging, scum can be separated from molten iron, the molten iron flowing out from iron notch is high-quality molten iron, purity is very high, can directly carry out the moulding processs such as steel plate rolling, make the contour performance iron material of steel plate.This design has ensured the continuous charging in production process, after the molten iron of melting zone is discharged, both can feed in raw material to prereduction district, feeds in raw material after all finishing and needn't reduce the reduction process of furnace charge in chamber again, has simplified operation, has greatly improved production efficiency; That has widened again the molten iron produced utilizes field and marketable value.
4, the utility model is provided with air extractor and air supply plant on body of heater, for example blower fan, air extractor is incorporated into the re-entrant portion below reduction furnace baffle plate by being discharged to the inflammable gass such as carbon monoxide in furnace chamber from reduction air outlet, chamber, the combustion air of carrying with air supply plant reacts, make it the heat release of burning, concentrate the melting zone heat supply to reduction chamber.The high-temperature gas producing after gaseous combustion below baffle plate escapes in cavity more than baffle plate by ring fire band, by the adjustment to baffle plate top combustion air, can realize the secondary combustion of carbon monoxide, due to zone of transition become slant setting and from baffle plate close to, high-temperature gas mainly produces heat effect to the zone of transition of reduction chamber, makes zone of transition temperature reach best.
5, the utility model is by the design of reduction furnace, the most of heat energy that provides follow-up reduction reaction required can be fully provided the carbon monoxide that reduction reaction is produced, generally, in fusion reduction reaction, iron ore and carbon react the temperature that obtains molten iron 1400-1650 DEG C of the best, direct-reduction forms the temperature of sponge iron 1100-1200 DEG C of the best, carbon monoxide and the CO burning rate that can produce according to reaction calculate the heat energy that carbon monoxide can provide, in the case of ensureing that the reduction reaction for the first time in reduction furnace can occur and emit carbon monoxide, while determining melting and reducing, the overall external heat temperature of reduction furnace baffle plate lower part (melting zone) is 1250-1400 DEG C of the best, above baffle plate, overall thermal Heating temperature is best at 800-1000 DEG C, when direct-reduction forms sponge iron, the overall external heat temperature in reduction furnace Internal baffle bottom is 900-1000 DEG C of the best, and it is the best that the overall external heat temperature in baffle plate top is 800-900 DEG C.Like this, by reducing the heat energy that CO burning that indoor reduction reaction for the first time generates produces, can make to reduce the difference in functionality district of chamber reaches respectively best reduction temperature, cause fast the reduction reaction of reduction chamber, discharge carbon monoxide to cause the reduction reaction of follow-up furnace charge, according to this circulation simultaneously.In late phase reaction, if the increase of system self heat energy can be adjusted indirect heating temperature, make to reduce each position, chamber and keep optimal reaction temperature.
the utlity model has following advantage:
1, the utility model iron-smelting furnace equipment is closed mill coal reduction furnace for smelting, in furnace chamber, add the baffle plate with effect of heat insulation, reduction chamber is designed to local ramp type structure, naturally distributing of functional zone carried out to according to reduction process in reduction chamber, make carbon monoxide cyclic utilization rate higher, the temperature required difference in reduction each position, chamber, in the time building, body of heater more than baffle plate and reduction chamber heat-stable material used requires to reduce, use can be accepted the material of the temperature of direct-reduction, only the heat-stable material below baffle plate can reach the temperature of resistance to melting and reducing, this design can be carried out reduction furnace melting and reducing and produce required cost of investment and reduce nearly 70%, effectively reduce production cost, for enterprise can realize direct-reduction and the two-way flexible production of melting and reducing provides more feasible condition.
2, the utility model reduction iron-making furnace can carry out the flexible of melting and reducing and direct-reduction, coke making process and sintering process in traditional blast furnace production are removed from, there is not the processing problem of waste water yet, environmentally friendly, meet the requirement of environmental protection, cleaner production.
3, the utility model reduction iron-making furnace can be realized serialization production, and stable, material is heated evenly, reacts completely, and material wall cling phenomenon is effectively controlled.
4, the utility model reduction iron-making furnace material fuel wide adaptability, processing ease, can realize automatic continuous production completely, and industrial scale and throughput can be reduced chamber number by adjusting and be controlled flexibly, and technique is more succinct.
5, the utility model has fully been realized the recycle of CO (carbon monoxide converter) gas, and has ensured that reduction furnace can produce continuously, and production efficiency is high, and electric energy loss is low, and production cost reduces greatly.
6, the utility model building cost is significantly less than the mill coal such as rotary hearth furnace, rotary kiln smelting legacy equipment, building one can melting and reducing, and standard production line that again can direct-reduction only needs 1,500 ten thousand left and right, and convenience easy to maintenance, need not all stop production, and can automated operation and control.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the simple structural representation of the local ramp type reduction iron-making furnace of the utility model;
In figure, 1, body of heater, 2, venting port, 3, cavity, 4, opening for feed, 5, discharge port, 6, air outlet, 7, prereduction district, 8, zone of transition, 9, melting zone, 10, baffle plate, 11, air extractor, 12, air supply plant, 13, iron notch, 14, slag-drip opening, 15, blast inlet, 16, body of heater sea line.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the utility model is further explained, should be understood that, following explanation is only in order to explain the utility model, and sets forth advantage of the present utility model, its particular content is not limited.
The utility model raw materials technology selectivity is high, applicable to the smelting of low grade vanadium titanomagnetite, low-grade spathic iron ore, low-grade laterite nickel ore and high-phosphorus iron ore; Raw coal can adopt brown coal, bituminous coal and hard coal.
embodiment 1
Local ramp type reduction iron-making furnace as shown in Figure 1 (is called for short reduction iron-making furnace, lower same), comprise closed furnace body 1, body of heater is provided with the venting port 2 of Exhaust Gas, venting port is positioned at the middle part of body of heater, near the position of last reduction chamber, venting port is provided with the devices such as induced draft fan, carbonic acid gas in body of heater is discharged, in body of heater, be arranged in order 4 reduction chambers, certainly, the number of chamber of reducing in actual applications can arbitrarily be allocated, here only its structure is set forth as example taking the reduction furnace of 4 reduction chambers, these 4 reduction chambers are independent respectively.Reduction top, chamber is provided with opening for feed 4, and bottom is provided with discharge port 5, and opening for feed and discharge port are all positioned at the outside of body of heater, reduction chamber sidewall is provided with 2 air outlets 6, these two air outlets are positioned at reduction top, chamber, are positioned at not ipsilateral of reduction chamber, and air outlet number can be adjusted as required.Reduction is also provided with iron notch 13 and slag-drip opening 14 on chamber, described iron notch and slag-drip opening are positioned at reduction bottom, chamber, can be positioned at reduction chamber and body of heater intersection, also can be positioned at outside body of heater, iron notch and slag-drip opening lay respectively at the not ipsilateral of reduction chamber, and slag-drip opening is higher than iron notch.Described reduction chamber comprises prereduction district 7, zone of transition 8 and melting zone 9 from top to bottom successively, described reduction zone and melting zone are vertically arranged in body of heater, described zone of transition is obliquely installed in body of heater, zone of transition and body of heater sea line 16 are fixed angle, this angle is the α in figure, α=30-40 ° or 140-150 °, preferably α=30 ° or 150 °, prereduction district height (vertical height) is 2/5 of body of heater height, zone of transition vertical height is 2/5 of body of heater height, and melting zone vertical height is 1/5 of body of heater height, between reduction chamber and body of heater, there is space, between two reduction chambers and body of heater, or jointly surround a cavity 3 that is semi-closed state between first reduction chamber or last reduction chamber and body of heater, the gas that the reaction of reduction chamber generates overflows and enters cavity from air outlet, in each cavity, be equipped with heat-resisting baffle plate 10, described heat-resisting baffle plate is fixed on body of heater, parallel with body of heater sea line, heat-resisting baffle plate is preferably mounted at the position of zone of transition and melting zone intersection, can be melting zone heat supply by most of heat like this, between heat-resisting baffle plate and each reduction chamber, there is space, this space is referred to as also fire band.In order to meet melting condition, on the inwall of inboard wall of furnace body and reduction chamber, be all provided with refractory materials, heat-resisting baffle plate material is refractory materials.
In order to meet the circulation of carbon monoxide, fully to burn and realize the fine setting of temperature, on the body of heater at cavity place, be provided with such as blower fan of air extractor 11(etc.), this air extractor is sent into the CO (carbon monoxide converter) gas on cavity top in the cavity below baffle plate, described air extractor is provided with a bleeding point, described bleeding point is arranged at top or the top of body of heater, be positioned at body of heater cavity place, described air extractor is provided with an air taking port at each cavity place, described air taking port is arranged on body of heater, is positioned at the position below baffle plate; Baffle plate at body of heater is also equipped with a blast inlet 15 with upper part and position below baffle plate, described blast inlet is positioned at cavity place, on blast inlet, the such as blower fan of air supply plant 12(of combustion-supporting gas etc. is sent in setting), in actual production, gas line can also be set on blast inlet, if heat can meet the demands, do not need to arrange gas line.
The utility model stove mainly carries out local ramp type design to reduction chamber, and in cavity, add baffle plate, other part, such as refractory materials, external heat source type of heating etc. are identical with iron-smelting furnace and existing hot stove etc. in patent " integral type reduction iron-making furnace and integral type reduction iron production novel process ", can adopt electrically heated to keep the basal temperature of whole body of heater.
The structure of local ramp type reduction iron-making furnace of the present utility model can suitably be adjusted on the basis of embodiment 1, for example, the number of air extractor and air supply plant can be one, also can arrange one at each cavity place, in the time only using one, described air extractor and air supply plant first-selection are installed on the position away from venting port.
embodiment 3
The structure of local ramp type reduction iron-making furnace of the present utility model can suitably be adjusted on the basis of embodiment 1, for example, can with upper part and position below baffle plate, a blast inlet be set at the baffle plate at each cavity place.
embodiment 4
The structure of local ramp type reduction iron-making furnace of the present utility model can suitably be adjusted on the basis of embodiment 1, for example, iron notch and slag-drip opening can be set, and the molten iron after melting and reducing is discharged from discharge port, and gained molten iron obtains the pig iron and scum through shrend.Molten iron so is out impure higher, cannot be directly used in the irony product of preparing quality better.
Taking the local ramp type reduction iron-making furnace of embodiment 1 as example, sketch iron-smelting process below:
1, the technical process of fusion reduction reaction is:
(1), getting iron ore, raw coal and lime stone flux evenly mixes in proportion, sieve, simple pressing, form carbon containing ferriferous oxide pelletizing--furnace charge, furnace charge is delivered in turn each reduction chamber in reduction furnace after drying, furnace charge can be filled it up with reduction chamber, but general add-on is too much unsuitable, is generally advisable with whole reduction chamber volume 4/5ths;
(2), adopting electrically heated mode to keep reduction furnace baffle plate top furnace body temperature is 800-1000 DEG C, baffle plate below furnace body temperature is 1250-1400 DEG C, furnace charge after adding carries out high-temperature fusion reaction at this temperature, because reduction furnace initial temperature is lower, melting process is made slow progress, and reaction is stable gradually, the furnace charge of melting zone forms molten iron, discharge from iron notch, slag is discharged from slag-drip opening, and the part furnace charge that is positioned at zone of transition falls into melting zone at gravity and suction function.Enter into behind melting zone wait the furnace charge that is positioned at zone of transition, the furnace charge that is positioned at prereduction district enters in turn zone of transition under action of gravity, and then adds furnace charge to starting position to prereduction district.The gases such as a large amount of carbon monoxide that reduction chamber produces in said process enter semiclosed cavity from reduction air outlet, top, chamber, be introduced into the space below reduction furnace baffle plate by air extractors such as induced draft fans, by regulating burner blower to blast the amount of air and the gas flow that fine setting passes into, make fully burning of carbon monoxide igniting, discharge its physical energy carrying and chemical energy, the temperature of the melting zone, reduction chamber under baffle plate is raise rapidly, to 1400-1650 DEG C, under this optimum temps, the furnace charge of melting zone completes fusion reduction reaction fast, again forming molten iron and slag discharges, the furnace charge of zone of transition again enters into melting zone under gravity and pressure-acting, again reinforced, circulation successively.The air-flow that carries amount of heat escapes into cavity more than baffle plate from going back fire band, mainly the ramp portion of reduction chamber is heated.Simultaneously, by regulating burner blower to blast the amount of air and the gas flow that fine setting passes into, fail clean-burning carbon monoxide in baffle plate bottom and again carry out secondary combustion on baffle plate top, emit its physical energy carrying and chemical energy, jointly slope place zone of transition is heated, make its temperature rise to ideal temperature (1100-1300 DEG C, continue up with hot gas flow, prereduction district is heated, temperature rise is to ideal temperature (900-1100 DEG C), the carrying out of prereduction reaction accelerated in the intensification in prereduction district, and carbon monoxide release rate is accelerated.Reduction process is constantly carried out in reduction chamber, and the air-flows such as the carbon monoxide of generation are the above-mentioned twice combustion process of experience constantly, fully release of heat.
Whole process constantly loops as above-mentioned, not only ensured the CO (carbon monoxide converter) gas that produces in reduction process completely cycle applications in production process, accelerate the generation of fusion reduction reaction, ensure carrying out continuously and the use to greatest extent of whole production unit of the different reduction phases of production process simultaneously, improved production efficiency.The tail gas producing in production process is discharged under the guiding of the blower fan of exhaust ports setting from venting hole, can utilize the physics heat energy of tail gas to be dried the furnace charge of simple moulding, simultaneously the also carbon of adsorbable part of furnace charge.The size of venting port needs to determine according to the number of reduction chamber.
(3) after fusion reduction reaction, respectively reduce the molten iron that forms in chamber after iron notch flows out, obtain high-quality molten iron, can directly carry out the moulding processs such as steel plate rolling, slag is discharged from slag-drip opening; If iron notch and slag-drip opening are not set, molten iron and scum all flow out from discharge port, and the molten iron of outflow directly causes pond and carries out shrend, can obtain the rough pig iron and slag (scum).
2, the technical process of direct reduction reactor is:
(1), getting iron ore, raw coal and lime stone flux evenly mixes in proportion, sieve, simple pressing, form carbon containing ferriferous oxide pelletizing--furnace charge, furnace charge is delivered in turn each reduction chamber in reduction furnace after drying, furnace charge can be filled it up with reduction chamber, but general add-on is too much unsuitable, is generally advisable with whole reduction chamber volume 4/5ths;
(2), adopt electrically heated mode that reduction furnace baffle plate top bulk temperature is heated to be to 800-900 DEG C, baffle plate below reduction furnace bulk temperature is 900-1000 DEG C.Furnace charge after adding carries out direct reduction reactor at this temperature, because reduction temperature is not very high, so reacting phase is to slow, reaction is stable gradually, the furnace charge of melting zone forms sponge iron, directly discharge from discharge port, the furnace charge of prereduction district and zone of transition drops into respectively zone of transition and melting zone under gravity and suction function, now reinforced to reduction Shi Zhong prereduction district.The gases such as the carbon monoxide that reaction discharges enter semiclosed cavity from reduction air outlet, top, chamber, be introduced into the space below reduction furnace baffle plate by air extractors such as induced draft fans, by regulating burner blower to blast the amount of air and the gas flow that fine setting passes into, make the fully burning of carbon monoxide igniting producing, discharge its physical energy carrying and chemical energy, the temperature of the melting zone under baffle plate is raise rapidly, to 1100-1200 DEG C, under this optimum temps, the furnace charge of melting zone completes direct reduction reactor fast, again form sponge iron, the solid-state sponge iron of melting zone is discharged from discharge port again, the part furnace charge that is positioned at zone of transition falls into melting zone again, again reinforced, circulation successively.High temperature hot gas after the burning of baffle plate bottom is up to baffle plate with upper part from going back fire band, mainly the ramp portion of reduction chamber is heated.Simultaneously, by regulating burner blower to blast the amount of air and the gas flow that fine setting passes into, fail clean-burning carbon monoxide in baffle plate bottom and again carry out secondary combustion on baffle plate top, emit its physical energy carrying and chemical energy, jointly slope place zone of transition is heated, make its temperature rise to ideal temperature (1000-1100 DEG C), continue up with hot gas flow, prereduction district is heated, temperature rise is to ideal temperature (900-1000 DEG C), the carrying out of prereduction reaction accelerated in the intensification in prereduction district, and carbon monoxide release rate is accelerated.Reduction process is constantly carried out in reduction chamber, and the air-flows such as the carbon monoxide of generation are the above-mentioned twice combustion process of experience constantly, fully release of heat.
Whole process constantly loops as above-mentioned, not only ensure that the cycle applications of the very big degree of CO (carbon monoxide converter) gas producing in reduction process is in production process, cause the generation of direct reduction reactor, ensure carrying out continuously and the use to greatest extent of whole production unit of the different reduction phases of production process simultaneously, enhanced productivity.The tail gas producing in production process is discharged and can be made full use of from venting hole.One, can utilize the physics heat energy of tail gas to be dried the furnace charge of simple moulding, simultaneously the also carbon of adsorbable part of furnace charge.
(3), the product of direct-reduction gained is sponge iron (DRI), the sponge iron forming in each reduction chamber can directly enter electric furnace with solid state high temperature hot charging from discharge port and carry out refining (for example ball milling magnetic rotation), need batching according to user, after melt cinder separates, system is to steel alloy.High temperature hot charging enters stove and enters stove with respect to traditional cold burden, has saved a large amount of physical thermals and chemical heat, has significantly reduced the consumption of electric energy and reductive agent, has improved production efficiency.
The example of enumerating several use the utility model iron-smelting furnace ironmaking below, following example only, in order to explain the utility model, does not play restriction effect.
embodiment 5
Adopt the utility model technique smelting high-grade red soil nickel ore, the composition of its high-grade nickel laterite is:
Processing step is:
1, red soil nickel ore, brown coal and flux are mixed in 8.5-9.5:0.25-0.35:0.55-0.65 ratio, be pressed into carbon containing ferriferous oxide pelletizing, dry, for subsequent use as furnace charge, red soil nickel ore, brown coal and flux and granularity are all less than 15mm;
2, adopting electrically heated mode to keep reduction furnace baffle plate top furnace body temperature is 800-1000 DEG C, baffle plate below furnace body temperature is 1250-1400 DEG C, then furnace charge is added to each reduction chamber, furnace charge add-on is too much unsuitable, is advisable with whole reduction chamber volume 4/5ths.Furnace charge after adding carries out high-temperature fusion reaction at this temperature, because temperature is not very high, so reacting phase is to slow, reaction is stable gradually, the furnace charge of melting zone forms molten iron, discharges from iron notch, and slag is discharged from slag-drip opening, the furnace charge of prereduction district and zone of transition drops into respectively zone of transition and melting zone under gravity and suction function, now can be reinforced to reduction Shi Zhong prereduction district.The gases such as a large amount of carbon monoxide that reduction chamber produces in said process enter semiclosed cavity from reduction air outlet, top, chamber.CO (carbon monoxide converter) gas in cavity is incorporated into reduction furnace baffle plate lower space, in closed cavity, pass into air and a small amount of coal gas simultaneously, igniting makes CO burning, produce amount of heat, the temperature of melting zone, the reduction chamber part under baffle plate is raise rapidly, to 1400-1650 DEG C, under this optimum temps, the furnace charge of melting zone completes fusion reduction reaction fast, again forms molten iron and slag and discharges.The air-flow that carries amount of heat is up to baffle plate from going back fire band, residue not the gas such as clean-burning carbon monoxide through secondary combustion, discharge surplus heat, jointly slope place zone of transition is heated, make its temperature rise to 1100-1300 DEG C, up with hot gas flow continuation, prereduction district is heated, and temperature rise is to 900-1100 DEG C.Reduction process is constantly carried out in reduction chamber, and the air-flows such as the carbon monoxide of generation experience above-mentioned twice combustion process, fully release of heat, and the tail gas of generation is discharged from venting hole, is separately used as him.The size of venting port needs to determine according to the number of reduction chamber.In whole process, occur without material wall cling phenomenon, production can be carried out in serialization.
3, after fusion reduction reaction, respectively reduce the molten iron forming in chamber, after iron notch flows out, can obtain with multiple molding mode the high-quality Rhometal (nickeliferous 12%) of different shapes and performance.
Main technologic parameters (molten iron per ton) is as follows:
embodiment 6
Utilize low-grade laterite nickel ore described in embodiment 5 to carry out direct-reduction and prepare sponge iron, its processing step is:
1, red soil nickel ore, brown coal and flux are pulverized and mixed in 8.0-9.0:0.15-0.25:0.45-0.55 ratio, be pressed into carbon containing ferriferous oxide pelletizing, dry, for subsequent use as furnace charge, red soil nickel ore, brown coal and flux and granularity are all less than 15mm;
2, adopt electrically heated mode that reduction furnace baffle plate top bulk temperature is heated to be to 800-900 DEG C, baffle plate below reduction furnace bulk temperature is 900-1000 DEG C.Then furnace charge is added to each reduction chamber, furnace charge add-on is too much unsuitable, is advisable with whole reduction chamber volume 4/5ths.Furnace charge after adding carries out direct reduction reactor at this temperature, because reduction temperature is not very high, so reacting phase is to slow, reaction is stable gradually, the furnace charge of melting zone forms sponge iron, directly discharge from discharge port, the furnace charge of prereduction district and zone of transition drops into respectively zone of transition and melting zone under gravity and suction function, now reinforced to reduction Shi Zhong prereduction district.The gases such as the carbon monoxide that reduction chamber produces in said process enter semiclosed cavity from reduction air outlet, top, chamber.CO (carbon monoxide converter) gas in cavity is incorporated into reduction furnace baffle plate lower space, in closed cavity, pass into air and a small amount of coal gas simultaneously, igniting makes CO burning, produce amount of heat, the temperature of melting zone, the reduction chamber part under baffle plate is raise rapidly, to 1100-1200 DEG C, under this optimum temps, the furnace charge of melting zone completes direct reduction reactor fast, again forms sponge iron.The air-flow that carries amount of heat is up to baffle plate from going back fire band, residue not the gas such as clean-burning carbon monoxide through secondary combustion, discharge surplus heat, jointly slope place zone of transition is heated, make its temperature rise to 1000-1100 DEG C, up with hot gas flow continuation, prereduction district is heated, and temperature rise is to 900-1000 DEG C.Reduction process is constantly carried out in reduction chamber, and the air-flows such as the carbon monoxide of generation experience above-mentioned twice combustion process, fully release of heat, and the tail gas of generation is discharged from venting hole, is separately used as him.The size of venting port needs to determine according to the number of reduction chamber.In whole process, occur without material wall cling phenomenon, production can be carried out in serialization.
3, after direct reduction reactor, respectively reduce the sponge iron forming in chamber, after discharge port is discharged, hot charging obtains after refining to electric furnace compared with GOOD TASTE Rhometal (nickeliferous 12%).
Main technologic parameters (ferronickel per ton) is as follows:
(ferronickel per ton, 12%Ni) is as follows for above-mentioned explained hereafter cost:
Claims (11)
1. a local ramp type reduction iron-making furnace, comprise closed furnace body, body of heater is provided with the venting port of Exhaust Gas, in body of heater, be arranged in order some reduction chamber, between reduction chamber and body of heater, there is space, between two reduction chambers and body of heater, or jointly surround a cavity that is semi-closed state between first reduction chamber or last reduction chamber and body of heater, reduction top, chamber is provided with opening for feed, bottom is provided with discharge port, reduction chamber sidewall is provided with at least one air outlet, the gas that reaction generates overflows and enters cavity from air outlet, it is characterized in that: described reduction chamber comprises prereduction district from top to bottom successively, zone of transition and melting zone, described prereduction district and melting zone are vertically positioned at body of heater, described zone of transition is obliquely installed, be fixed angle with body of heater sea line, in each cavity, be equipped with heat-resisting baffle plate, described heat-resisting baffle plate is fixed on body of heater, between heat-resisting baffle plate and reduction chamber, has space.
2. local ramp type reduction iron-making furnace according to claim 1, is characterized in that: prereduction district height is 2/5 of body of heater height, zone of transition vertical height is 2/5 of body of heater height, and melting zone height is 1/5 of body of heater height.
3. local ramp type reduction iron-making furnace according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: zone of transition and body of heater sea line angulation are α, α=30-40 ° or 140-150 °.
4. local ramp type reduction iron-making furnace according to claim 3, is characterized in that: α=30 ° or 150 °.
5. local ramp type reduction iron-making furnace according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: the position of described heat-resisting baffle plate in zone of transition and melting zone intersection.
6. local ramp type reduction iron-making furnace according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described heat-resisting baffle plate is parallel with body of heater sea line.
7. local ramp type reduction iron-making furnace according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that:
On body of heater, be also provided with air extractor, this air extractor is sent the inflammable gas on cavity top into the cavity place below baffle plate, described air extractor is provided with at least one bleeding point, described bleeding point is arranged at top or the top of body of heater, described air extractor is provided with at least one air taking port, described air taking port is positioned on body of heater, is arranged at the position below baffle plate;
Baffle plate at body of heater is also equipped with at least one blast inlet with upper part and position below baffle plate, and described blast inlet is positioned at cavity place, and blast inlet is provided with air supply plant and/or the gas line of sending into combustion-supporting gas.
8. the local ramp type reduction iron-making furnace of stating according to claim 7, is characterized in that: described air extractor and air supply plant in the time arranging first-selection away from the position of venting port.
9. local ramp type reduction iron-making furnace according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: reduction bottom, chamber is also provided with iron notch and slag-drip opening, described iron notch and slag-drip opening are positioned at reduction chamber and body of heater intersection or are positioned at outside body of heater, and iron notch and slag-drip opening lay respectively at the not ipsilateral of reduction chamber.
10. the local ramp type reduction iron-making furnace of stating according to claim 9, is characterized in that: slag-drip opening is higher than iron notch.
11. local ramp type reduction iron-making furnaces according to claim 1, is characterized in that: opening for feed and discharge port are all positioned at the outside of body of heater; Air outlet is positioned in reduction prereduction district, chamber, and each reduction chamber is provided with two air outlets; On reduction chamber interior walls and inboard wall of furnace body, be equipped with refractory materials; Described refractory baffle material is refractory materials; Described venting port is positioned at the position near last reduction chamber, is positioned at the middle part of sidewall of the furnace body, and venting port is provided with blower fan.
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| CN103602771B (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2015-04-08 | 山东大学 | Local slope type reduction ironmaking furnace and process |
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