CN203594774U - Locking mechanism of self-adaptive multi-gear automatic transmission counter shaft cone clutch - Google Patents
Locking mechanism of self-adaptive multi-gear automatic transmission counter shaft cone clutch Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
本实用新型涉及一种机动驱动的变速器结构,特别涉及一种自适应多档自动变速器副轴锥面离合器的锁紧机构。 The utility model relates to a motor-driven transmission structure, in particular to a locking mechanism for a secondary shaft cone clutch of an adaptive multi-speed automatic transmission. the
背景技术 Background technique
现有技术中,汽车、摩托车、电动自行车基本上都是通过调速手柄或加速踏板直接控制节气门或电流控制速度,或采用手控机械自动变速机构方式实现变速。手柄或加速踏板的操作完全取决于驾驶人员的操作,常常会造成操作与车行状况不匹配,致使电机或发动机运行不稳定,出现发动机堵转现象。 In the prior art, automobiles, motorcycles, and electric bicycles basically directly control the throttle or current control speed through a speed control handle or an accelerator pedal, or use a manual mechanical automatic transmission mechanism to realize speed change. The operation of the handle or accelerator pedal depends entirely on the driver's operation, which often causes a mismatch between the operation and the driving conditions, resulting in unstable operation of the motor or engine, and engine stalling. the
机动车在由驾驶者在不知晓行驶阻力的情况下,仅根据经验操作控制的变速装置,难免存在以下问题:1.在启动、上坡和大负载时、由于行驶阻力增加,迫使电机或发动机转速下降在低效率区工作。2.由于没有机械变速器调整扭矩和速度,只能在平原地区推广使用,不能满足山区、丘陵和重负荷条件下使用,缩小了使用范围;3.驱动轮处安装空间小,安装了发动机或电机后很难再容纳自动变速器和其它新技术;4.不具备自适应的功能,不能自动检测、修正和排除驾驶员的操作错误;5.在车速变化突然时,必然造成电机或发动机功率与行驶阻力难以匹配。6.续行距离短、爬坡能力差,适应范围小。 In motor vehicles, when the driver does not know the driving resistance and only operates the transmission device based on experience, the following problems inevitably exist: 1. When starting, going uphill and with a large load, due to the increase in driving resistance, the motor or engine is forced to The speed drop works in the low efficiency area. 2. Since there is no mechanical transmission to adjust the torque and speed, it can only be popularized and used in plain areas, and cannot be used in mountainous, hilly and heavy-load conditions, which reduces the scope of use; 3. The installation space at the drive wheel is small, and the engine or motor is installed It is difficult to accommodate automatic transmissions and other new technologies in the future; 4. It does not have the function of self-adaptation, and cannot automatically detect, correct and eliminate the driver's operation errors; Resistance is hard to match. 6. The continuation distance is short, the climbing ability is poor, and the adaptability range is small. the
为了解决以上问题,本实用新型的实用新型人实用新型了一系列的凸轮自适应自动变速装置,利用行驶阻力驱动凸轮,达到自动换挡和根据行驶阻力自适应匹配车速输出扭矩的目的,具有较好的应用效果;前述的凸轮自适应自动变速器虽然具有上述优点,稳定性和高效性较现有技术有较大提高,但是部分零部件结构较为复杂,变速器体积较大,特别是没有形成多档传动的结构,不适用于载重汽车;同时,由于传动路线较长,特别是慢档,影响传动效率,稳 定性依然不够理想;且通过凸轮离合过程中会有卡涩,影响自动换挡过程的顺畅性;在使用寿命上虽然较现有技术有所提高,但根据结构上的分析,使用寿命仍有改进空间。主要的是,用于多档传动,会出现传动链的不连续而导致的锥度离合器的离合不稳定 In order to solve the above problems, the utility model of the utility model has developed a series of cam adaptive automatic transmission devices, which drive the cams by driving resistance to achieve the purpose of automatic gear shifting and adaptive matching of vehicle speed output torque according to the driving resistance. Good application effect; although the aforementioned cam adaptive automatic transmission has the above-mentioned advantages, its stability and high efficiency are greatly improved compared with the prior art, but the structure of some parts is relatively complicated, and the transmission volume is relatively large, especially without forming multiple gears. The structure of the transmission is not suitable for trucks; at the same time, due to the long transmission line, especially the slow gear, which affects the transmission efficiency, the stability is still not ideal; and there will be jamming during the process of clutching through the cam, which will affect the automatic shifting process. Smoothness; although the service life has been improved compared with the existing technology, according to the structural analysis, there is still room for improvement in the service life. The main thing is that when used for multi-speed transmission, the discontinuity of the transmission chain will cause the clutch instability of the taper clutch
因此,需要一种对上述凸轮自适应自动变速装置进行改进,适用于所有汽车以至载重的汽车,不但能够自适应随行驶阻力变化不切断驱动力的情况下自动进行换挡变速,解决扭矩—转速变化小不能满足复杂条件下道路使用的问题,平稳性好,进一步提高工作效率,具有更好的节能降耗效果;还能够根据行驶阻力实现多档自动变速,使得传动链随着档位的改变而改变,进一步减小顿挫感并节约驱动能耗;同时,换挡过程顺畅无卡涩,反应灵敏,节约驱动能源,降低能耗,并进一步提高使用寿命,适用于所有机动车辆使用,使得整车形势更为平稳。 Therefore, there is a need for an improvement to the above-mentioned cam adaptive automatic transmission device, which is suitable for all automobiles and even heavy-duty automobiles. Small changes cannot meet the problem of road use under complex conditions, and the stability is good, which further improves work efficiency and has better energy-saving and consumption-reducing effects; it can also realize multi-speed automatic transmission according to driving resistance, so that the transmission chain changes with the gear position And change, further reduce frustration and save driving energy consumption; at the same time, the shifting process is smooth without jamming, sensitive response, saving driving energy, reducing energy consumption, and further improving service life. It is suitable for use in all motor vehicles, making the whole The car situation is more stable. the
实用新型内容 Utility model content
有鉴于此,本实用新型的目的是提供一种自适应多档自动变速器副轴锥面离合器的锁紧机构,能够辅助锁紧锥度离合器的分离状态,使得自适应变速器形成多档结构成为可能,适用于所有汽车以至载重的汽车,能够根据行驶阻力实现多档自动变速,进一步减小顿挫感并节约驱动能耗;同时,换挡过程顺畅无卡涩,反应灵敏,节约驱动能源,降低能耗,并进一步提高使用寿命,适用于所有机动车辆使用,使得整车形势更为平稳。 In view of this, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a locking mechanism for the auxiliary shaft cone clutch of an adaptive multi-speed automatic transmission, which can assist in locking the disengaged state of the tapered clutch, making it possible for the adaptive transmission to form a multi-speed structure. It is suitable for all cars and even heavy-duty cars. It can realize multi-speed automatic transmission according to driving resistance, further reduce the sense of frustration and save driving energy consumption; at the same time, the shifting process is smooth and free of jamming, responsive, saving driving energy and reducing energy consumption , and further improve the service life, suitable for all motor vehicles, making the vehicle situation more stable. the
本实用新型的自适应多档自动变速器副轴锥面离合器的锁紧机构,包括圆环体轴向外锥套、圆环体轴向内锥套和变速弹性元件; The locking mechanism of the auxiliary shaft cone clutch of the self-adaptive multi-speed automatic transmission of the utility model includes the axially outer tapered sleeve of the annular body, the axially inner tapered sleeve of the annular body and the variable speed elastic element;
所述圆环体轴向内锥套与一动力输入件传动配合用于接收输入动力,圆环体轴向内锥套设有轴向内锥面且外套于圆环体轴向外锥套,圆环体轴向外锥套设有与圆环体轴向内锥套的轴向内锥面相配合的轴向外锥面;圆环体轴向外锥套通过凸轮副组传动配合输出动力; The axial inner tapered sleeve of the annular body is in transmission cooperation with a power input part for receiving the input power, the axial inner tapered sleeve of the annular body is provided with an axial inner tapered surface and is overlaid on the axial outer tapered sleeve of the annular body, The axial outer tapered sleeve of the annular body is provided with an axial outer tapered surface matched with the axial inner tapered surface of the axial inner tapered sleeve of the annular body; the axial outer tapered sleeve of the annular body is output power through the transmission of the cam pair;
变速弹性元件对圆环体轴向外锥套施加使其外锥面与圆环体轴向内锥套的 内锥面贴合传动的预紧力;所述凸轮副输出动力时,产生向圆环体轴向外锥套的轴向分力,该轴向分力与变速弹性元件预紧力方向相反; The speed-changing elastic element exerts a pretightening force on the axial outer tapered sleeve of the annular body so that the outer tapered surface and the inner tapered surface of the axial inner tapered sleeve of the annular body fit the transmission; when the cam pair outputs power, a circular motion is generated. The axial component force of the axial outer taper sleeve of the ring body, the axial component force is opposite to the pretightening force direction of the variable speed elastic element;
动力输入件还通过锁紧凸轮副与圆环体轴向外锥套配合,且圆环体轴向外锥套与该锁紧凸轮副在圆周方向转动配合;锁紧凸轮副对圆环体轴向外锥套施加轴向分力,该轴向分力与变速弹性元件预紧力方向相反。 The power input part also cooperates with the axial outer tapered sleeve of the annular body through the locking cam pair, and the axial outer tapered sleeve of the annular body rotates with the locking cam pair in the circumferential direction; An axial component force is applied to the outer tapered sleeve, and the direction of the axial component force is opposite to the pretightening force of the variable speed elastic element. the
进一步,锁紧凸轮副由锁紧凸轮套与动力输入件之间通过锁紧端面凸轮配合形成,锁紧凸轮套与圆环体轴向外锥套之间轴向接触且圆周方向转动配合; Further, the locking cam pair is formed by the cam fit between the locking cam sleeve and the power input part through the locking end surface cam, and the locking cam sleeve and the axial outer taper sleeve of the annular body are in axial contact and rotated in the circumferential direction;
进一步,圆环体轴向内锥套设有用于与动力输入件传动配合的圆环体轴向内锥套直筒段,所述锁紧凸轮套内套于圆环体轴向内锥套直筒段且其外圆开有环形限位槽,至少一个限位螺钉沿径向旋入圆环体轴向内锥套直筒段并通过限位滚珠顶入环形限位槽; Further, the axial inner taper sleeve of the annular body is provided with a straight section of the axial inner taper sleeve of the annular body for transmission cooperation with the power input part, and the locking cam sleeve is sleeved on the straight section of the axial inner taper sleeve of the annular body And its outer circle has an annular limit groove, at least one limit screw is screwed into the straight section of the inner tapered sleeve of the ring body in the radial direction and pushed into the annular limit groove through the limit ball;
进一步,所述环形限位槽的轴向宽度大于限位滚珠直径; Further, the axial width of the annular limit groove is greater than the diameter of the limit ball;
进一步,所述动力输入件可拆卸式连接设有端面凸轮块,所述端面凸轮块与锁紧凸轮套配合形成锁紧凸轮副; Further, the detachable connection of the power input part is provided with an end face cam block, and the end face cam block cooperates with the locking cam sleeve to form a locking cam pair;
进一步,所述锁紧凸轮套与圆环体轴向外锥套之间通过滚珠转动配合; Further, the locking cam sleeve and the axially outer taper sleeve of the annular body are rotated and matched by balls;
进一步,圆环体轴向外锥套与锁紧凸轮套转动配合处位于圆环体轴向外锥套外表面形成的台阶上。 Furthermore, the rotation fit between the axial outer tapered sleeve of the annular body and the locking cam sleeve is located on the step formed on the outer surface of the axial outer tapered sleeve of the annular body. the
进一步,所述圆环体轴向外锥套通过一螺旋凸轮副外套于一随动的支撑轴。 Further, the axial outer taper sleeve of the annular body is sleeved on a follow-up support shaft through a spiral cam pair. the
本实用新型的有益效果是:本实用新型的自适应多档自动变速器副轴锥面离合器的锁紧机构,采用在多档的自适应变速结构中,用于辅助锁紧锥面离合器换档后的分离状态,以保证各个档位的正常传动,避免能相互干涉,使得多档变速器的自适应变速成为可能,具有现有凸轮自适应自动变速装置的全部优点,消除换挡顿挫感和卡涩感,提高驾乘舒适性,进一步节能降耗,大大提高车辆的动力性、经济性、驾驶安全性和舒适性; The beneficial effects of the utility model are: the locking mechanism of the auxiliary shaft cone clutch of the self-adaptive multi-speed automatic transmission of the utility model is adopted in the multi-speed self-adaptive shifting structure, and is used for assisting in locking the cone clutch after shifting gears In order to ensure the normal transmission of each gear and avoid mutual interference, it makes the adaptive shifting of the multi-speed transmission possible. It has all the advantages of the existing cam adaptive automatic transmission device and eliminates the frustration and jamming of shifting. Feel, improve driving comfort, further save energy and reduce consumption, greatly improve the power, economy, driving safety and comfort of the vehicle;
同时,本实用新型中利用凸轮以及凸轮之间的配合关系,锁紧锥面离合器的分离,同时,还利于消除传动部件之间的传动间隙,提高传动精度和效率, 节约驱动能源,结构布置简单紧凑,传动链科学合理,平稳性好,具有更好的节能降耗效果,并减小体积。 At the same time, the utility model utilizes the cam and the matching relationship between the cams to lock the separation of the cone clutch. At the same time, it is also beneficial to eliminate the transmission gap between the transmission parts, improve the transmission accuracy and efficiency, save driving energy, and the structure is simple. Compact, scientific and reasonable transmission chain, good stability, better energy saving and consumption reduction effect, and reduced volume. the
附图说明 Description of drawings
下面结合附图和实施例对本实用新型作进一步描述。 Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the utility model is described further. the
图1为本实用新型结构示意图; Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the utility model;
图2为圆环体轴向外锥套结构示意图; Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the structure of the axial outer taper sleeve of the torus;
图3为图1A处放大图。 Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of Fig. 1A. the
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
图1为本实用新型结构示意图,图2为圆环体轴向外锥套结构示意图,图3为凸轮套结构示意图,如图所示:本实用新型的自适应多档自动变速器副轴锥面离合器的锁紧机构,包括圆环体轴向外锥套2、圆环体轴向内锥套3和变速弹性元件1;
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the utility model, Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the axially outer tapered sleeve of the toroidal body, and Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the cam sleeve, as shown in the figure: the utility model's self-adaptive multi-speed automatic transmission secondary shaft taper surface The locking mechanism of the clutch includes the axial
所述圆环体轴向内锥套3与一动力输入件9传动配合用于接收输入动力,可采用花键等传动方式,动力输入件9可采用超越离合器接受变速器传递来的动力;圆环体轴向内锥套3设有轴向内锥面且外套于圆环体轴向外锥套2,圆环体轴向外锥套2设有与圆环体轴向内锥套3的轴向内锥面相配合的轴向外锥面;圆环体轴向外锥套2通过凸轮副组传动配合输出动力;
The inner
变速弹性元件1对圆环体轴向外锥套2施加使其外锥面与圆环体轴向内锥套3的内锥面贴合传动的预紧力;所述凸轮副输出动力时,所述凸轮副组产生向圆环体轴向外锥套的轴向分力,该轴向分力与变速弹性元件预紧力方向相反;
The variable speed elastic element 1 exerts a pretightening force on the axial outer
动力输入件9还通过锁紧凸轮副与圆环体轴向外锥套2配合,且圆环体轴向外锥套2与该锁紧凸轮副在圆周方向转动配合;锁紧凸轮副对圆环体轴向外锥套施加轴向分力,该轴向分力与变速弹性元件预紧力方向相反;在圆环体轴向外锥套2和圆环体轴向内锥套1之间分离时,利用动力输入件所产生的牵引力通过轴向分力对圆环体轴向外锥套在分离后辅助锁紧,防止其往复离合,保证换档的平顺性和稳定性。
The
本实施例中,锁紧凸轮副由锁紧凸轮套与动力输入件之间通过锁紧端面凸轮配合形成,锁紧凸轮套与圆环体轴向外锥套之间轴向接触且圆周方向转动配合;结构简单紧凑,反应灵敏且锁紧可靠。 In this embodiment, the locking cam pair is formed by the cam fit between the locking cam sleeve and the power input part through the locking end face cam, and the locking cam sleeve and the axial outer taper sleeve of the annular body are in axial contact and rotate in the circumferential direction. Coordination; simple and compact structure, responsive and reliable locking. the
本实施例中,圆环体轴向内锥套设有用于与动力输入件传动配合的圆环体轴向内锥套直筒段,所述锁紧凸轮套内套于圆环体轴向内锥套直筒段且其外圆开有环形限位槽,至少一个限位螺钉沿径向旋入圆环体轴向内锥套直筒段并通过限位滚珠顶入环形限位槽;实际使用时,需沿圆周方向设置多个限位螺钉5,保证平衡性;对锁紧凸轮套进行轴向限位,避免由牵引力输入端的锁紧端面凸轮导致的过多的轴向位移,实现较好的稳定性;如图所示,本实施例中,在圆环体轴向外锥套和锁紧凸轮套之间设有滚珠,以保证平顺性和稳定性。 In this embodiment, the axial inner taper sleeve of the annular body is provided with a straight section of the axial inner taper sleeve of the annular body for transmission cooperation with the power input part, and the locking cam sleeve is sleeved on the axial inner cone of the annular body. The sleeve is straight and has an annular limit groove on its outer circle. At least one limit screw is screwed into the axial inner taper sleeve straight section of the ring body in the radial direction and pushed into the annular limit groove through the limit ball; in actual use, Multiple limit screws 5 need to be set along the circumferential direction to ensure balance; the locking cam sleeve should be axially limited to avoid excessive axial displacement caused by the locking end face cam at the traction force input end and achieve better stability Sex; as shown in the figure, in this embodiment, a ball is provided between the axial outer taper sleeve of the annular body and the locking cam sleeve to ensure smoothness and stability. the
本实施例中,所述动力输入件可拆卸式连接设有端面凸轮块,动力输入件的端面凸轮设置于该端面凸轮块,所述端面凸轮块与锁紧凸轮套配合形成锁紧凸轮副;该结构保证了动力输入件的相对独立性,并且可根据使用情况进行更换,灵活方便。 In this embodiment, the power input part is detachably connected with an end face cam block, the end face cam of the power input part is arranged on the end face cam block, and the end face cam block cooperates with the locking cam sleeve to form a locking cam pair; This structure ensures the relative independence of the power input parts, and can be replaced according to the usage conditions, which is flexible and convenient. the
本实施例中,所述锁紧凸轮套与圆环体轴向外锥套之间通过滚珠转动配合;配合顺畅,避免出现干扰。 In this embodiment, the locking cam sleeve and the axially outer taper sleeve of the annular body are rotationally matched by balls; the cooperation is smooth and interference is avoided. the
本实施例中,圆环体轴向外锥套与锁紧凸轮套转动配合处位于圆环体轴向外锥套外表面形成的台阶上;结构紧凑,整体性强。 In this embodiment, the rotation joint between the axial outer tapered sleeve of the annular body and the locking cam sleeve is located on the step formed by the outer surface of the axial outer tapered sleeve of the annular body; the structure is compact and the integrity is strong. the
本实施例中,所述圆环体轴向外锥套通过一螺旋凸轮副外套于一随动的支撑轴;随动指的是自由转动设置;螺旋凸轮的旋向与动力输出转动方向有关,本领域技术人员根据上述记载,在得知动力输出方向的前提下,能够得知螺旋凸轮何种旋向能够施加何种方向的轴向分力,在此不再赘述;虽然,支撑轴为随动结构,但该螺旋凸轮副在圆环体轴向外锥套和圆环体轴向内锥套分离时起到了阻止其回弹的作用,与锁紧凸轮副、凸轮副组一起实现离合器的分离锁定。 In this embodiment, the axial outer taper sleeve of the circular ring body is sleeved on a follow-up support shaft through a helical cam pair; follow-up refers to free rotation setting; the rotation direction of the helical cam is related to the power output rotation direction, According to the above-mentioned records, those skilled in the art can know which direction the axial component force can be applied in which direction of the helical cam on the premise of knowing the direction of the power output, and will not repeat them here; although the support shaft is However, the helical cam pair prevents its rebound when the axially outer taper sleeve of the toroidal body and the axially inner taper sleeve of the toroidal body are separated, and together with the locking cam pair and the cam pair group, the clutch is realized. Separate lock. the
本实施例的动力传递路线: The power transmission route of the present embodiment:
动力输入件→圆环体轴向内锥套→圆环体轴向外锥套→凸轮副组→输出; Power input part→Axial inner tapered sleeve of annular body→Axial outer tapered sleeve of annular body→Cam pair group→Output;
此时其它档位超越(比本档位转速低)或者离合器分离(比本档位转速高),阻力传递路线:凸轮副组→圆环体轴向外锥套→压缩变速弹性元件; At this time, other gears overrun (lower speed than this gear) or the clutch is disengaged (higher than this gear speed), and the resistance transmission route: cam subgroup → annular body axial outer tapered sleeve → compression variable speed elastic element;
通过传动凸轮副对圆环体轴向外锥套施加轴向力并压缩变速弹性元件(变速蝶簧),当行驶阻力加大到一定时,该轴向力大于变速碟簧设定的预紧力并压缩变速碟簧,使圆环体轴向内锥套和圆环体轴向外锥套分离,动力通过比本档位低速的档位输出; Through the transmission cam pair, the axial force is applied to the axial outer taper sleeve of the annular body and the variable speed elastic element (speed change disc spring) is compressed. When the driving resistance increases to a certain level, the axial force is greater than the preload set by the speed change disc spring. Force and compress the variable speed disc spring, so that the axial inner taper sleeve of the annular body and the axial outer taper sleeve of the annular body are separated, and the power is output through a lower speed gear than this gear;
此时,低速档动力还经过下列传递路线:动力输出齿轮→凸轮副→圆环体轴向外锥套→压缩变速弹性元件;由于凸轮副的双向传动作用,动力输出齿轮带动凸轮副对圆环体轴向外锥套施加轴向分力,通过凸轮副和锁紧凸轮副牵引力所产生的轴向分力的作用下,保持低速档传动时圆环体轴向内锥套3和圆环体轴向外锥套2的分离。
At this time, the power of the low-speed gear also passes through the following transmission routes: power output gear → cam pair → annular body axial outer tapered sleeve → compression variable speed elastic element; due to the two-way transmission effect of the cam pair, the power output gear drives the cam pair to the ring The body axially exerts an axial component force on the outer tapered sleeve, and under the action of the axial component force generated by the traction force of the cam pair and the locking cam pair, the axial inner
最后说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本实用新型的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本实用新型进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本实用新型的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本实用新型技术方案的精神和范围,其均应涵盖在本实用新型的权利要求范围当中。 Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present utility model without limitation. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the utility model can be Modifications or equivalent replacements of the technical solutions without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the utility model shall be covered by the claims of the utility model. the
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CN104019193B (en) * | 2014-06-17 | 2016-06-01 | 西南大学 | Moment of torsion back difference mode two-shift automatic speed variator and shift control method |
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