CN203587983U

CN203587983U - Crossed sighting tube transparent cylindrical time and solar term sundial

Info

Publication number: CN203587983U
Application number: CN201320649315.XU
Authority: CN
Inventors: 汪汇川
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2013-10-21
Filing date: 2013-10-21
Publication date: 2014-05-07
Anticipated expiration: 2023-10-21

Abstract

The utility model relates to an equatorial sundial for measuring time and solar terms by a shadow of an object in the sunlight. A crossed sighting tube transparent cylindrical time and solar term sundial disclosed by the utility model comprises a base, a regulating and fixing device, a transparent cylinder, a sighting tube and a collar; the transparent cylinder is a hollow part; a group of time generating lines and a group of solar term circles are marked on the lateral surface of the transparent cylinder; the time generating lines are transparent cylindrical generating lines; the solar term circles are in parallel to both bottoms of the transparent cylinder; the sighting tube is of a cylinder shape, has a small radius and is non-transparent; the sighting tube passes through the centers of both the bottoms of the transparent cylinder; a sighting hole is formed in the sighting tube and is over against the North Star; the non-transparent collar of which the radius is slightly larger than that of the sighting tube is arranged outside the sighting tube at the midpoint of the axis of the transparent cylinder; the sighting tube and the collar form a structure of a crossed appearance. Time is read out by scales of the time generating line where a shadow of the sighting tube is positioned; the solar term can be read out at any time by scales of the solar term circle where a shadow of the collar is positioned; the crossed sighting tube transparent cylindrical time and solar term sundial is not limited to the high noon.

Description

Pipe transparent cylindrical time solar term corona peeped in cross

Technical field

The utility model relates to a kind of astronomical demonstrator device, particularly relates to a kind of position finding time of the shadow of object under the sun and cross of solar term of using and peeps pipe transparent cylindrical time solar term corona.

Background technology

Tradition is used for the astronomical instrument of the shadow of object in the sun and mainly contains two kinds: a kind of is ancient Chinese sundial made of stones, and ancient Chinese sundial is according to length mensuration season, the annual number of days of shadows cast by the sun at high noon, can calculate calendar etc., and traditional ancient Chinese sundial only has to measure solar term high noon; Another kind is corona made of stones, and corona has thing corona, horizontal corona and equator corona etc., and its principle of work is to project on sundial face at the shadow under the sun according to sundial pin, by the orientation readout time of shadow.The equatorial sundial of China's characteristic can only be surveyed the time, can not survey solar term, and the shortcoming of traditional corona is: body is larger, and be difficult for installing, modern a lot of local coronas are only as a kind of furnishings, and accurate measuring period loses its Science and education value.

Utility model content

In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the utility model provides a kind of attractive in appearance, simple installation, is applicable to equator and northern area, equator, and the cross that can predict at any time time and solar term under the sun is peeped and managed cylindrical time solar term corona.

The utility model for solving the problems of the technologies described above taked technical scheme is:

Pipe transparent cylindrical time solar term corona peeped in a kind of cross, comprise base, adjusting and stationary installation, transparent cylinder, peep pipe, the collar, described transparent cylinder is hollow component with peeping pipe, transparent cylinder is made by transparent material, peeping pipe and the collar is made by colored materials, peeping pipe passes from two bottom center of transparent cylinder, the collar is positioned at peeps centre position, pipe outside, the center of circle of the collar overlaps with the mid point of the axle of transparent cylinder, and described transparent cylinder two feather edge places are fixed in base and adjusting and stationary installation.

Described transparent cylinder two bottom center are respectively South Pole S and arctic N, transparent column body side surface is marked with one group of time bus, time bus represents 1 hour around every rotation 15 degree of axle, every rotation 30 degree represent a division of day and night, from South Pole S, to arctic N, see, by counterclockwise from up to down marking successively: son/0 o'clock, 1 o'clock, ugly/2 o'clock, 3 o'clock, the third of the twelve Earthly Branches/4 o'clock, 5 o'clock, the fourth of the twelve Earthly Branches/6 o'clock, 7 o'clock, occasion/8 o'clock, 9 o'clock, the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches/10 o'clock, 11 o'clock, noon/12 o'clock, 13 o'clock, not/14 o'clock, 15 o'clock, Shen/16 o'clock, 17 o'clock, the tenth of the twelve Earthly Branches/18 o'clock, 19 o'clock, the eleventh of the twelve Earthly Branches/20 o'clock, 21 o'clock, the last of the twelve Earthly Branches/22 o'clock, 23 o'clock.

Described transparent cylinder is marked with one group of solar term circle, each disc of solar term circle is parallel with two bottom surfaces of transparent cylinder and orthogonal with time bus, on the solar term circle of transparent column body side surface middle, mark: the Spring Equinox/Autumnal Equinox, if transparent cylinder bottom surface radius is R, from the Spring Equinox/Autumnal Equinox solar term circle to South Pole S direction, marking on the circle at 0.31R place with it successively: Clear and Bright/White Dew, mark on 0.61R place circle with it: grain rains/Limit of Heat, mark on 0.88R place circle with it: the Beginning of summer/the beginning of autumn, mark on 1.1R place circle with it: Grain Full/Great Heat, mark on 1.25R place circle with it: Grain in Ear/Slight Heat, mark on 1.3R place circle with it: the Summer Solstice, from the Spring Equinox/Autumnal Equinox solar term circle to arctic N direction, marking on the 0.31R place circle with it successively: the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term)/Cold Dew, mark on 0.61R place circle with it: rainwater/Frost's Descent, mark on 0.88R place circle with it: the beginning of spring/the Beginning of Winter, mark on 1.1R place circle with it: Great Cold/slight snow, mark on 1.25 place's circles with it: Slight Cold/heavy snow, marks on 1.3R place circle with it: Winter Solstice.

Peep pipe and pass from the two poles of the earth S and the N of transparent cylinder, peep pipe for hollow cylindrical parts, peep and in pipe, be provided with peephole.

In the midpoint of peeping pipe and be positioned at the two poles of the earth S and N, be provided with the collar, the collar is colored part, and its collar radius is greater than peeps pipe radius, peeps pipe place straight line vertical with collar place plane, peeps pipe and forms decussate texture with the collar.

By regulating with stationary installation, two bottom edge places of transparent cylinder are fixed on base, regulate with stationary installation and be used for regulating when mounted the elevation angle size of peeping pipe, make peephole just to Polaris.

The beneficial effects of the utility model: the utility model compared with prior art, the utility model is applicable to equator and northern area, equator, at night, installs, and by regulating with stationary installation, regulates the angle of peeping pipe, make peephole just to Polaris, peep pipe parallel with the earth earth's axis.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the structural representation that the cylindrical time solar term corona of pipe peeped in the utility model cross;

Fig. 2 be the utility model cross peep the cylindrical time solar term corona of pipe peep pipe schematic diagram;

Fig. 3 is the solar term latitude circle number of degrees schematic diagram calculation that the cylindrical time solar term corona of pipe peeped in the utility model cross.

Embodiment

As Fig. 1, shown in Fig. 2, the cylindrical time solar term corona of pipe peeped in a kind of cross of the utility model, comprise end base 1, regulate and stationary installation 2, transparent cylinder 3, peep pipe 4, the collar 5, described transparent cylinder 3 is hollow component, two bottom center of transparent cylinder 3 are respectively South Pole S and arctic N, peep pipe 4 for opaque pipe, radius is less, peeping pipe 4 passes from the two poles of the earth of transparent cylinder 3, peep in pipe 4 and be provided with peephole 6, the collar 5 is fixed on the outside midpoint of peeping pipe 4, the collar 5 is made by opaque material, its radius is slightly larger than the radius of peeping pipe 4, peep pipe 4 place straight lines and the collar 5 place planes orthogonal, form cruciform appearance.Described transparent cylinder 3 is fixed on base 1, by regulating with stationary installation 2, regulates the angle of peeping pipe 4.Transparent cylinder 3 is marked with one group of time bus 7 and one group of solar term circle 8, and every 15 degree of time bus 7 represent 1 hour, and every 30 degree represent a division of day and night.Solar term circle 8 place planes are vertical with time bus 7, and the solar term circle of transparent column body side surface middle represents solar term in the Spring Equinox/Autumnal Equinox, the Spring Equinox/Autumnal Equinox solar term circle face and the collar 5 place planes overlapping.The position, the two poles of the earth of transparent cylinder 3 is fixed on base 1 by regulating with stationary installation 2, regulates with stationary installation 2 for regulating when mounted the elevation angle size of peeping pipe 4.

Compared with prior art, the utility model is applicable to equator northern area minute and solar term, easy for installation, at sunny night, by regulating with stationary installation 2, regulate the elevation angle of peeping pipe 5, make peephole 6 just to Polaris, because Polaris is positioned on the straight line of earth earth's axis place, so mounted cross peep pipe transparent cylindrical time solar term corona peep pipe 5 place straight lines parallel with the earth earth's axis, during installation, make the South Pole S of transparent cylinder 3 in the south, arctic N is on north.If transparent cylinder 3 bottom surface radiuses are R, from the Spring Equinox/Autumnal Equinox solar term circle to South Pole S direction, marking on the solar term circle at 0.31R place with it successively: Clear and Bright/White Dew, mark on 0.61R place solar term circle with it: grain rains/Limit of Heat, mark on 0.88R place solar term circle with it: the Beginning of summer/the beginning of autumn, mark on 1.1R place solar term circle with it: Grain Full/Great Heat, mark on 1.25R place solar term circle with it: in Grain in Ear/Slight Heat, mark on 1.3R place solar term circle with it: the Summer Solstice; From the Spring Equinox/Autumnal Equinox solar term solar term circle to arctic N direction, marking on the 0.31R place solar term circle with it successively: the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term)/Cold Dew, mark on 0.61R place solar term circle with it: rainwater/Frost's Descent, mark on 0.88R place solar term circle with it: the beginning of spring/the Beginning of Winter, mark on 1.1R place solar term circle with it: Great Cold/slight snow, mark on 1.25 place's solar term circles with it: Slight Cold/heavy snow, marks on 1.3R place solar term circle with it: Winter Solstice.On time bus at transparent cylinder 3 by the top of sky one side, mark: son/0 o'clock; From South Pole S, to arctic N, see, from son/0 o'clock time bus, by counter clockwise direction time bus, around the every rotation 15 of axle of transparent cylinder 3, spend on gained bus mark successively:, ugly/2 o'clock,, the third of the twelve Earthly Branches/4 o'clock,, the fourth of the twelve Earthly Branches/6 o'clock,, occasion/8 o'clock,, the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches/10 o'clock,, noon/12 o'clock,, Shen/16 o'clock,, the tenth of the twelve Earthly Branches/18 o'clock,, the eleventh of the twelve Earthly Branches/20 o'clock,, the last of the twelve Earthly Branches/22 o'clock, at 1 o'clock at 3 o'clock at 5 o'clock at 7 o'clock at 9 o'clock at 11 o'clock at 13 o'clock, not/14 o'clock, 15 o'clock at 17 o'clock at 19 o'clock at 21 o'clock at 23 o'clock.

Sunray through transparent cylinder 3, projects on the side of transparent cylinder 3 with the shadow of the collar 5 peeping pipe 4, by scale readout time of time bus 7 at shadow place of peeping pipe 5, by the scale of the solar term circle 8 at the shadow place of the collar 5, reads solar term.Compared with present technology, this programme can the random time when having solar radiation be read solar term, and need not be confined to the meridian hour.

We know, by mean solar time sun direct projection latitude on earth, in one day, remain unchanged, but in one day the longitude of subsolar point in continuous variation.If sun direct projection observation ground, it is local time the meridian hour, the time that the every movement 15 of subsolar point longitude is spent is 1 hour, from the warp of place, observation ground, eastwards every 15 degree be followed successively by 11 o'clock, 10 o'clock, 9 o'clock, 8 o'clock etc., westwards every 15 degree be followed successively by 13 o'clock, 14 o'clock, 15 o'clock etc., and the moving direction of the shadow of object and the moving direction of subsolar point are just in time contrary.Solar term difference of subsolar point latitude difference.

Relative motion law below by the earth and the sun is resolved, to understand technique scheme.

Position relationship between the earth and the sun is relevant with the motion of the earth, and the motion of the earth mainly contains two kinds, walks around spinning motion and the circumsolar revolution motion of the earth's axis at the two poles of the earth, north and south.It is direction counterclockwise or from West to East that earth rotation looks down from north, but tellurian the rule is be the sun around earth rotation, the sun on high in from the motion of east orientation west, the time in one day is constantly changed.Between the ecliptic plane turning around great-grand father due to the earth and the equatorial plane of the earth, there are 23.43 degree angles, the motion of the earth on ecliptic moves around subsolar point on earth between south, the tropic of Cancer like this, 1 year one-period, causes the earth to have the four seasons to change or solar term variation upper one year.During sun direct projection somewhere, all regions of crossing on this ground warp is all local time at 12 o'clock in afternoon.The latitude difference of subsolar point, solar term difference, during as sun direct projection equator, is equinox solar term, during the loop line of sun direct projection north, is solar term in the Summer Solstice.Because the distance between the sun and the earth is far, so solar irradiation is parallel to each other to each local light on the earth, on the earth, local sunray is all parallel with that bundle sunray of point of vertical arbitrarily.Therefore can be with the direct projection position that on the side that pipe 4 and the shadow of the collar 5 project transparent cylinder 3, time bus 7 and the scale of solar term circle 8 are measured the sun peeped described in this programme, thus minute and solar term.Because the axle of transparent cylinder in this programme 3 is parallel with the earth's axis, the Spring Equinox/Autumnal Equinox, solar term circle face was parallel with the equatorial plane, therefore every the time of 15 degree bus, represent one hour, shine upon light on this programme transparent cylinder 3 with on transparent cylinder 3 the Spring Equinox/Autumnal Equinox solar term circle face angulation and sun direct projection latitude consistent, because the direct projection latitude of the sun in one day is constant, so the shadow of this programme collar 5 moves on certain solar term circle on transparent cylinder 3 sides in one day.

This programme no matter be also advantageous in that the sun direct projection the Southern Hemisphere or the Northern Hemisphere, peep pipe 4 and the collar 5 and all can on the side of transparent cylinder 3, have shadow, and the track of the shadow of the collar 5 on the side of transparent cylinder 3 is certain solar term circle, as long as so there is sunlight, can read at any time solar term, and need not be confined to high noon.

Definite method of each solar term sun direct projection latitude number is described below in conjunction with Fig. 3, and as Fig. 3, visual ecliptic is circle, and it is solar term that the earth is spent angle around the every movement 15 of the sun on ecliptic.Ecliptic plane becomes the angle of 23.43 degree with earth equatorial plane, ecliptic plane and the equatorial plane meet at AB, the sun is positioned at F point place, the ecliptic center of circle, if the earth is positioned at E point place on ecliptic plane, if the orthogonal projection that E point is gone up is under the line D point, cross D point and make DC perpendicular to AB, intersection point is C, link EC, if angle AFE is θ, θ is the angle that the sun leaves two points of days, if angle EFD is Ω, Ω is the sun latitude number of point of vertical on earth, by the geometric model in Fig. 3, know sin Ω=sin23.43sin θ, by formula Rtan Ω, calculate distance between each solar term circle face and the Spring Equinox/Autumnal Equinox circle face.

Above-described embodiment is described preferred implementation of the present utility model; not scope of the present utility model is limited; do not departing under the prerequisite of the utility model design spirit; various distortion and improvement that those of ordinary skills make the technical solution of the utility model, all should fall in the definite protection domain of the utility model claims.

Claims

1. pipe transparent cylindrical time solar term corona peeped in a cross, it is characterized in that: comprise base (1), regulate and stationary installation (2), transparent cylinder (3), peep pipe (4), the collar (5), described transparent cylinder (3) and to peep pipe (4) be hollow component, transparent cylinder (3) is made by transparent material, peep pipe (4) and the collar (5) is made by colored materials, peeping pipe (4) passes from two bottom center of transparent cylinder (3), the collar (5) is positioned at peeps centre position, pipe (4) outside, the center of circle of the collar (5) overlaps with the mid point of the axle of transparent cylinder (3), described transparent cylinder (3) two feather edge places are fixed in base (1) and adjusting and stationary installation (2).

2. pipe transparent cylindrical time solar term corona peeped in cross according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described transparent cylinder (3) two bottom center are respectively South Pole S and arctic N, transparent cylinder (3) side is marked with one group of time bus (7), time bus (7) represents 1 hour around every rotation 15 degree of axle, every rotation 30 degree represent a division of day and night, from South Pole S, to arctic N, see, by counterclockwise from up to down marking successively: son/0 o'clock, 1 o'clock, ugly/2 o'clock, 3 o'clock, the third of the twelve Earthly Branches/4 o'clock, 5 o'clock, the fourth of the twelve Earthly Branches/6 o'clock, 7 o'clock, occasion/8 o'clock, 9 o'clock, the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches/10 o'clock, 11 o'clock, noon/12 o'clock, 13 o'clock, not/14 o'clock, 15 o'clock, Shen/16 o'clock, 17 o'clock, the tenth of the twelve Earthly Branches/18 o'clock, 19 o'clock, the eleventh of the twelve Earthly Branches/20 o'clock, 21 o'clock, the last of the twelve Earthly Branches/22 o'clock, 23 o'clock.

3. pipe transparent cylindrical time solar term corona peeped in cross according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described transparent cylinder (3) is marked with one group of solar term circle (8), each disc of solar term circle (8) is parallel and orthogonal with time bus (7) with two bottom surfaces of transparent cylinder (3), on the solar term circle of transparent cylinder (3) middle, side, mark: the Spring Equinox/Autumnal Equinox, if transparent cylinder (3) bottom surface radius is R, from the Spring Equinox/Autumnal Equinox solar term circle to South Pole S direction, marking on the circle at 0.31R place with it successively: Clear and Bright/White Dew, mark on 0.61R place circle with it: grain rains/Limit of Heat, mark on 0.88R place circle with it: the Beginning of summer/the beginning of autumn, mark on 1.1R place circle with it: Grain Full/Great Heat, mark on 1.25R place circle with it: Grain in Ear/Slight Heat, mark on 1.3R place circle with it: the Summer Solstice, from the Spring Equinox/Autumnal Equinox solar term circle to arctic N direction, marking on the 0.31R place circle with it successively: the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term)/Cold Dew, mark on 0.61R place circle with it: rainwater/Frost's Descent, mark on 0.88R place circle with it: the beginning of spring/the Beginning of Winter, mark on 1.1R place circle with it: Great Cold/slight snow, mark on 1.25 place's circles with it: Slight Cold/heavy snow, marks on 1.3R place circle with it: Winter Solstice.

4. pipe transparent cylindrical time solar term corona peeped in cross according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: peep pipe (4) and pass from the two poles of the earth S and the N of transparent cylinder (3), peeping pipe (4) is hollow cylindrical parts, peeps and in pipe (4), is provided with peephole (6).

5. pipe transparent cylindrical time solar term corona peeped in cross according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: in the midpoint of peeping pipe (4) and be positioned at the two poles of the earth S and N, be provided with the collar (5), the collar (5) is colored part, its collar radius is greater than peeps pipe (4) radius, peep pipe (4) place straight line vertical with the collar (5) place plane, peep pipe (4) and the collar (5) composition decussate texture.

6. pipe transparent cylindrical time solar term corona peeped in cross according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: by regulating with stationary installation (2), two bottom edge places of transparent cylinder (3) are fixed on base (1), adjusting for regulating when mounted the elevation angle size of peeping pipe (4), makes peephole (6) just to Polaris with stationary installation (2).