CN203580084U - 一种高效大型管材挤出成型装置 - Google Patents

一种高效大型管材挤出成型装置 Download PDF

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CN203580084U
CN203580084U CN201320582991.XU CN201320582991U CN203580084U CN 203580084 U CN203580084 U CN 203580084U CN 201320582991 U CN201320582991 U CN 201320582991U CN 203580084 U CN203580084 U CN 203580084U
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planetary
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valve
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杨卫民
杨华光
焦志伟
阎华�
丁玉梅
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Beijing University of Chemical Technology
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505Screws
    • B29C48/54Screws with additional forward-feeding elements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/397Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using a single screw
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505Screws
    • B29C48/535Screws with thread pitch varying along the longitudinal axis
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/90Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article
    • B29C48/904Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article using dry calibration, i.e. no quenching tank, e.g. with water spray for cooling or lubrication
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/911Cooling
    • B29C48/9115Cooling of hollow articles
    • B29C48/912Cooling of hollow articles of tubular films
    • B29C48/913Cooling of hollow articles of tubular films externally
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/911Cooling
    • B29C48/9135Cooling of flat articles, e.g. using specially adapted supporting means

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本实用新型公开一种高效大型管材挤出成型装置,主要包括行星螺杆挤出机、气体辅助挤出成型机头以及牵引装置,行星螺杆挤出机由温控系统、传动系统及输送段和行星段组成,行星段包括多个行星螺杆和主螺杆。气体辅助挤出成型机头由机头体、分流锥、分流锥支架、口模、芯棒、气嘴A、气嘴B、多孔嵌管A、多孔嵌管B、气室外管、螺母、密封垫圈、联接头、口模压板、气嘴和加热圈组成。本实用新型通过气体辅助挤出技术在管坯的内外表面都形成一层均匀气膜,减小了物料挤出阻力,解决了行星螺杆挤出机出口压力低的问题;使用行星螺杆挤出机加气体辅助挤出成型机头的组合,实现大批量生产;通过对PVC管坯轴向和径向拉伸,可生产出高强度、高韧度PVC-O管材。

Description

一种高效大型管材挤出成型装置
技术领域
本实用新型涉及一种高效大型管材挤出成型装置,它可以实现行星螺杆挤出机与PVC管材成型口模的对接,并实现高效地生产高强度、高韧度的PVC-O型管材,属于塑料机械的挤出成型装备领域。 
背景技术
PVC是热敏性物料,它对挤出机的要求是:在尽可能低的温度下熔体有较好的均匀混合性;能给物料提供低而又足够的剪切,而且工作稳定;每转产量高,挤出每公斤物料消耗的能量低;良好的添加剂、稳定剂和颜料的分散性,并且混合均匀。目前国内外生产PVC管材工艺是包括配料、混合、锥型双螺杆挤出机挤出、挤出模具、定径套以及喷淋真空定型箱等工序,该方法非连续且生产周期长。而行星螺杆挤出机塑化好,产量高,符合生产企业追求的目标,在PVC加工中得到越来越广泛的应用,但是行星螺杆挤出机存在挤出压力低等不足,现有的PVC管材挤出成型口模挤出阻力大,容易出现“鲨鱼皮”和挤出破裂等缺陷,很难实现PVC管材高速、高质量的挤出。 
实用新型内容
本实用新型的目的是针对现有技术所存在的不足,设计一种结构紧凑、高效和高质量的大型管材挤出成型装置,不仅能发挥行星螺杆挤出机塑化好、产量高的优势,而且在PVC管材加工过程中能实现双向拉伸,分子取向,使生产双向拉伸PVC(PVC-O)管材变为可能,提高PVC管材强度的同时提高其韧度。 
实现上述目的采用的技术方案是:一种高效大型管材挤出成型装置,主 要包括行星螺杆挤出机、气体辅助挤出成型机头以及管材冷却系统、牵引装置,行星螺杆挤出机、气体辅助挤出成型机头、管材冷却系统和牵引装置依次放置,行星螺杆挤出机与气体辅助挤出成型机头连接在一起,行星螺杆挤出机由温控系统、传动系统及输送段和行星段组成,行星段包括多个行星螺杆和主螺杆,在主螺杆的末端有一个球头通过螺纹连接与主螺杆连在一起,球头与分流锥平滑过渡不会引起物料的滞留,避免了PVC的降解,球头螺纹的旋向与主螺杆的旋向相反,这样才能避免球头在随着主螺杆旋转的过程中发生脱落。气体辅助挤出成型机头由机头体、分流锥、分流锥支架、口模、芯棒、气嘴A、气嘴B、多孔嵌管A、多孔嵌管B、气室外管、螺母、密封垫圈、联接头、口模压板、气嘴和加热圈组成。分流锥、分流锥支架和口模由口模压板通过螺钉与机头体连接,气嘴B固定在机头体上,机头体上设有测温元件,加热圈位于机头体外侧,用于将机头的各个零件加热到设定的温度;气室由气嘴A、气室外管、气室外管、螺母、多孔嵌管A、多孔嵌管B、联接头和口模压板构成,多孔嵌管A按间隙配合(例如H7/f7)要求固定在气室外管的台阶孔内,气嘴A固定在气室外管上,螺母、密封垫圈、多孔嵌管B和联接头通过螺纹将气室外管与口模连为一体,靠压紧气室密封圈消除螺纹间隙,机头体与口模压板通过螺栓连接,气嘴B通过机头体、分流锥支架、芯棒和多孔嵌管B向成型管材内供气,多孔嵌管A和多孔嵌管B都为管壁上带有多个孔的管材。熔融PVC物料进入机头后经过分流锥进入压缩段,物料在这里进行压缩,当物料进入扩展段时,挤出口模具有径向扩张的趋势,特别是在气流的辅助作用下,使PVC熔体在口模定型的过程中沿周向取向,将会产生径向的拉伸。当PVC管材从气体辅助挤出机头挤出后经过牵引装置, 牵引装置的直径应该略小于管材直径,在牵引装置的作用下分子链也沿牵引方向伸展,导致分子链轴向拉伸,从而使PVC既有轴向拉伸又有径向拉伸,能够生产出高强度、高韧度的PVC-O管材。 
本实用新型一种高效大型管材挤出成型装置,多孔嵌管A是整个机头的核心零件,该零件是粒径0.5μm金属粉末烧结而成的多孔不锈钢金属套管。气体辅助挤出成型机头包括两支气流,第一支气流经由气嘴A进入气室外管并且穿过多孔嵌管A进入中间气室,这样就在物料的外层形成一层均匀的气膜,改善熔体的流动性,减少流动阻力,实现管材的气辅成型。另一支气流是经由气嘴B、分流锥支架以及多孔嵌管B进入中间气室,将管坯吹胀并紧贴在多孔嵌管A的内壁,形成管材形状。这两支气路的气压应达到动态平衡,生产中主要通过调节气压阀来实现。气体进入机头前要经过预热处理达到适宜的温度,否者将会对熔融PVC物料起到冷却作用,降低PVC管材质量。 
本实用新型一种高效大型管材挤出成型装置,当PVC管胚从气体辅助挤出机头挤出后进入牵引装置,牵引装置由上下对称的两个传送链组成,并且传送链是呈圆弧状的,这样增大了传送链与管坯的接触面积,两传送链之间的最大距离要比气体辅助挤出机头气辅段出口的直径要小,这样由于夹紧摩擦力就能对管胚进行轴向的拉伸,形成轴向的取向,提高了管材的强度。 
本实用新型的有益效果是: 
1.使用本实用新型一种高效大型管材挤出成型装置,通过气体辅助挤出技术能在物料的内外表面都形成一层均匀的气膜,减小了物料的挤出阻力,解决了行星螺杆挤出机出口压力低的问题,使其能够在加上本发明气体辅助挤出成型机头后挤出PVC管材。 
2.使用本实用新型一种高效大型管材挤出成型装置,由于行星螺杆挤出机具有自洁、塑化效率高、共混效果好、产量高、比能耗低等特点,特别适用于PVC挤出,使用行星螺杆挤出机加气体辅助挤出成型机头的组合,能够提高产量,实现大批量的生产。 
3.使用本实用新型一种高效大型管材挤出成型方法及装置,物料通过气体辅助挤出成型机头的扩展段时,会产生径向的拉伸,当PVC管材从气体辅助挤出机头挤出后经过牵引装置,牵引装置的直径应该略小于管材直径,这样会产生一个轴向的拉伸,从而使PVC既有轴向拉伸又有径向拉伸,能够生产出高强度、高韧度的PVC-O材料,从而使PVC既有轴向拉伸又有径向拉伸,能够生产出高强度、高韧度的PVC-O管材。 
附图说明
图1是本实用新型一种高效大型管材挤出成型装置结构示意图。 
图2是图1所示本实用新型一种高效大型管材挤出成型装置的机头扩展段局部放大图。 
图中,1-输送段,2-行星段,3-行星螺杆,4-主螺杆,5-球头,6-机头体,7-分流锥支架,8-口模,9-芯棒,10-气嘴A,11-气室外管,12-密封垫圈,13-牵引装置,14-链节,15-螺母,16-真空定型装置,17-多孔嵌管A,18-多孔嵌管B,19-联接头,20-口模压板,21-加热圈,22-气嘴B,23-分流锥。 
具体实施方式
本实用新型一种高效大型管材挤出成型装置,如图1和图2所示,该挤出成型装置包括行星螺杆挤出机、气体辅助挤出成型机头以及牵引装置,所述的行星螺杆挤出机由温控系统、传动系统及输送段1和行星段2组成,行 星段2包括多个行星螺杆3和主螺杆4,在主螺杆4的末端有一个球头5,球头5通过螺纹连接与主螺杆4连在一起,球头5与分流锥23平滑过渡不会引起物料的滞留,避免了PVC的降解,球头5螺纹的旋向与主螺杆的旋向相反,这样才能避免球头5在随着主螺杆4旋转的过程中发生脱落。气体辅助挤出成型机头由机头体6、分流锥23、分流锥支架7、口模8、芯棒9、气嘴A10、气嘴B22、气室外管11、螺母15、密封垫圈12、多孔嵌管A17、多孔嵌管B18、联接头19、口模压板20和加热圈21组成。气室由气嘴A10、气室外管11、气室外管12、螺母15、多孔嵌管A17、多孔嵌管B18、联接头19和口模压板20构成,多孔嵌管A17按间隙配合(例如H7/f7)要求固定在气室外管11的台阶孔内,气嘴A10固定在气室外管11上,螺母15、密封垫圈12、多孔嵌管B18和联接头19通过螺纹将气室外管11与口模8联为一体,靠压紧气室密封圈12消除螺纹间隙,机头体6与口模压板20通过螺栓连接。熔融PVC物料进入机头后经过分流锥23进入压缩段,物料在这里压缩密实,当物料进入扩展段时,将会产生径向的拉伸,当PVC管材从气体辅助挤出机头挤出后经过牵引装置,牵引装置的直径应该略小于管材直径,这样会产生一个轴向的拉伸,从而使PVC既有轴向拉伸又有径向拉伸,能够生产出高强度、高韧度的PVC-O管材。 
本实用新型一种高效大型管材挤出成型装置,如图1所示,加工的管材在气体辅助挤出机头与牵引装置13之间可增设真空定型装置16或其他喷淋冷却系统,多孔嵌管A17是整个机头的核心零件,该零件是粒径0.5μm金属粉末烧结而成的多孔不锈钢金属套。气体辅助挤出成型机头包括两支气流,第一支气流经由气嘴A10进入气室外管11并且穿过多孔嵌管A17进入中间气室,这样 就在物料的外层形成一层均匀的气膜,改善熔体的流动性,减少流动阻力,实现管材的气辅成型。另一支气流是经由气嘴22、分流锥支架7以及多孔嵌管B18进入中间气室,将管坯吹胀并紧贴在多孔嵌管A17的内壁,形成管材形状。这两支气路的气压应达到动态平衡,生产中主要通过调节气压阀来实现。气体进入机头前要经过预热处理达到适宜的温度,否者将会对熔融PVC物料起到冷却作用,降低PVC管材质量。 
本实用新型一种高效大型管材挤出成型装置,如图1、图3所示,当PVC管坯从气体辅助挤出机头挤出周向扩张后进入牵引装置13,牵引装置13由上下对称的两个传送链组成,并且链节14是成圆弧状的,这样增大了传送链与管胚的接触面积,两传送链之间的最大距离要比气体辅助挤出机头气辅段出口的直径要小,这样由于夹紧摩擦力就能对管胚进行轴向的拉伸,形成轴向的取向,提高了管材的强度。 

Claims (2)

1.一种高效大型管材挤出成型装置,其特征在于:主要包括行星螺杆挤出机、气体辅助挤出成型机头以及管材冷却系统、牵引装置,行星螺杆挤出机、气体辅助挤出成型机头、管材冷却系统和牵引装置依次放置,行星螺杆挤出机与气体辅助挤出成型机头连接在一起,行星螺杆挤出机由温控系统、传动系统及输送段和行星段组成,行星段包括多个行星螺杆和主螺杆,在主螺杆的末端有一个球头通过螺纹连接与主螺杆连在一起,球头与分流锥平滑过渡,球头螺纹的旋向与主螺杆的旋向相反;气体辅助挤出成型机头由机头体、分流锥、分流锥支架、口模、芯棒、气嘴A、气嘴B、多孔嵌管A、多孔嵌管B、气室外管、螺母、密封垫圈、联接头、口模压板、气嘴和加热圈组成,分流锥、分流锥支架和口模由口模压板通过螺钉与机头体连接,气嘴B固定在机头体上,机头体上设有测温元件,加热圈位于机头体外侧,用于将机头的各个零件加热到设定的温度;气室由气嘴A、气室外管、气室外管、螺母、多孔嵌管A、多孔嵌管B、联接头和口模压板构成,多孔嵌管A固定在气室外管的台阶孔内,气嘴A固定在气室外管上,螺母、密封垫圈、多孔嵌管B和联接头通过螺纹将气室外管与口模连为一体,机头体与口模压板通过螺栓连接,气嘴B通过机头体、分流锥支架、芯棒和多孔嵌管B向成型管材内供气;多孔嵌管A和多孔嵌管B都为管壁上带有多个孔的管材。 
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高效大型管材挤出成型装置,其特征在于:多孔嵌管A为由粒径0.5μm金属粉末烧结而成的多孔不锈钢金属套管。 
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CN103507259A (zh) * 2013-09-21 2014-01-15 北京化工大学 一种高效大型管材挤出成型装置
CN105172093A (zh) * 2015-07-08 2015-12-23 南昌大学 一种塑料微管的双气体辅助挤出成型装置及其方法
CN107335973A (zh) * 2017-07-04 2017-11-10 重庆都英科技有限公司 一种两腔芯棒的加工工艺
FR3057312A1 (fr) * 2016-10-12 2018-04-13 Coperion Gmbh Dispositif d'accouplement destine a relier un arbre de sortie d'une transmission et un arbre a vis sans fin d'une machine a vis sans fin et agencement de transmission d'une machine a vis sans fin equipe d'un tel dispositif d'accouplement
CN111251574A (zh) * 2020-01-19 2020-06-09 河北泉恩高科技管业有限公司 一种用于高密度大口径聚乙烯管材跨规格生产的模具

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103507259A (zh) * 2013-09-21 2014-01-15 北京化工大学 一种高效大型管材挤出成型装置
CN103507259B (zh) * 2013-09-21 2015-06-17 北京化工大学 一种大型管材挤出成型装置
CN105172093A (zh) * 2015-07-08 2015-12-23 南昌大学 一种塑料微管的双气体辅助挤出成型装置及其方法
FR3057312A1 (fr) * 2016-10-12 2018-04-13 Coperion Gmbh Dispositif d'accouplement destine a relier un arbre de sortie d'une transmission et un arbre a vis sans fin d'une machine a vis sans fin et agencement de transmission d'une machine a vis sans fin equipe d'un tel dispositif d'accouplement
CN107335973A (zh) * 2017-07-04 2017-11-10 重庆都英科技有限公司 一种两腔芯棒的加工工艺
CN111251574A (zh) * 2020-01-19 2020-06-09 河北泉恩高科技管业有限公司 一种用于高密度大口径聚乙烯管材跨规格生产的模具

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