A kind of rfid card that can control in real time operating distance
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of rfid card, relates in particular to a kind of rfid card that can control in real time operating distance.
Background technology
Along with the development of social economy and technology, daily life more and more be unable to do without various rfid cards.For example, the second generation identity card that everyone has now; For example, people take subway, public transport mass transit card used; For example, people's attendance card used on and off duty; Again for example, by expressway charge station non-parking charge card used; Almost can say so, the present daily life of people has be unable to do without rfid card, and rfid card has just like become our the indispensable part of living.
UHFRFID label is comprised of two parts, and a branch is label chip, and a part is label antenna in addition;
As shown in Figure 1, the equivalent electrical circuit that right side is label chip, the equivalent electrical circuit that left side is label antenna; When antenna and the each self-impedance conjugate pair of label seasonable, UHFRFID label is realized best impedance matching;
Label antenna and label chip impedance conjugate relation are as follows:
Z
ANT=R
ANT+j*X
ANT Z
IC=R
IC+j*X
IC R
ANT=R
IC X
ANT=-X
IC
Shown in Fig. 2, take AlienHiggs (TM) 3 chips as example, adopt ADS software to carry out impedance emulation to its chip equivalent electrical circuit, the value that can get the parallel resistance Ri of AlienHiggs (TM) 3 chips equals as 1500W, and the value of shunt capacitance Ci equals 0.85pF.With reference to Fig. 3, be emulation gained label chip impedance real part curve, at 920MHz frequency place, its impedance real part value is 27.1 ohm; With reference to Fig. 4, be emulation gained label chip imaginary impedance curve, its imaginary impedance value of 920MHz frequency place is-199.8 ohm.The impedance of label antenna, according to conjugate condition, should equate or approach for impedance real part so, and imaginary impedance is opposite number each other, is optimum matching.
As shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, due to this UHF RFID label, only possess coupling ring, there is no antenna two arms, have following characteristic:
(1) owing to there is no antenna two arms, antenna impedance real part is extremely low, cannot realize the impedance conjugate impedance match good with chip;
(2), owing to there is no antenna two arms, can only lean on the mode of electromagnetic field near-field coupling to carry out work.
Due to the working method of its impedance mismatching and near-field coupling, determined that label can only closely be read and write, reading distance can only be less than the scope of 10cm.
This rfid card can be applied to public transport, subway, mess card etc. to be had in the scene of strict scope restriction for reading distance;
But because difference uses the rfid card of scene different often for the requirement of reading distance,
(1) for example, we take the mass transit card that subway is used, when entering lock or going out lock, this RFID mass transit card must be worked in limited distance (being less than 10cm), if operating distance is excessively far away, the as easy as rolling off a log RFID mass transit card that causes near passenger mistake brush, thus cause dispute and cause blocking up of gate mouth.Again for example, the RFID mess card that we are used in dining room, also must strictly control distance (being less than 10cm); In the situation that so blocking up, causing the situation of mistake brush is whoever does not want to see;
(2) but be not the utilization of all rfid card be all that requirement is strict controlled among a small circle in distance, have very many utilizations often to wish that the operating distance of rfid card can try one's best far; For example, our work attendance rfid card, if its operating distance is strictly controlled in the distance that is less than 10cm, we often can see and close on the work hours morning, a group employee waits in line the situation of swiping the card there, wastes time in the extreme also very inconvenient; If now work attendance rfid card can be read on a large scale at a distance, just can be got off by attendance record in directly pass by one region of swiping the card of employee so, removed the trouble of waiting in line from.Again for example, no-stop charging system, we only need to be fixed on the windshield of vehicle being read at a distance rfid card, vehicle just can be by charge sluice gate with stopping, and complete the program of charge, if the operating distance of card is limited in the distance that is less than 10cm, non-parking charge is impossible realize.
(3) just because of using the occasion of rfid card more and more in daily life, but the requirement of the operating distance of each application occasion to RFID is completely different, this just requires us will carry various cards, for example mass transit card, attendance card, mess card, parking lot card etc., cause identification, the easy situation of omitting of being difficult to.If there is so a kind of method, in some occasions, can strictly control in the distance that rfid card is being less than 10cm and work, in other occasions, also can make rfid card telecommute simultaneously, and its nearly mode of operation at a distance can be controlled in real time by the holder who blocks, the hold quantity of user to card will greatly be reduced so, the function of various application occasions just can be integrated on a card, is very easy to user's use, has the revolutionary meaning of starting.
(4) due to the request for utilization of user to card, rfid card is all generally passive, and the problem that battery is not installed is easy to carry, safe and reliable, long service life.
In prior art, need the rfid card of strict command range (being less than 10cm) often to use HF RFID passive card, comprising HF frequencies such as 13.56MHz, 125KHz; The rfid card of remote use scenes often uses UHF RFID passive card, and under perfect condition, its maximum distance can be read in the distance of nearly 20 meters.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is just to provide in order to address the above problem a kind of rfid card that can control in real time operating distance.
The utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions above-mentioned purpose:
Scheme one, the utility model comprises the cutting ferrule of metal clad bar, described rfid card can slide in described cutting ferrule, and near field loop tag is installed in described rfid card.
Further, described cutting ferrule is the hollow cutting ferrule of openings at one side, described bonding jumper is pasted on front or the back side of described cutting ferrule, described bonding jumper consists of two " n " font bonding jumpers and " one " font bonding jumper, the two ends of described " one " font bonding jumper are connected with one end of " n " font bonding jumper described in two respectively, and described near field loop tag is arranged at center, top or the bottom of described rfid card.
Further, described near field loop tag is arranged at the center of described rfid card, and when described rfid card is installed in described cutting ferrule, the Edge Distance of the edge of described near field loop tag and described " one " font bonding jumper is 1-3mm.
Further, described near field loop tag is arranged at top or the bottom of described rfid card, when described rfid card is installed in described cutting ferrule, the Edge Distance of the edge of described near field loop tag and described " one " font bonding jumper is between 10-14mm or between 1-3mm.
Further, when described rfid card is installed in described cutting ferrule from one side of close described near field loop tag, the Edge Distance of the edge of described near field loop tag and described " one " font bonding jumper is between 1-3mm; Described rfid card is when being installed in described cutting ferrule away from one side of described near field loop tag, and the Edge Distance of the edge of described near field loop tag and described " one " font bonding jumper is between 10-14mm.
Scheme two, the utility model comprises the sticker of metal clad bar, described sticker is pasted on described rfid card, and near field loop tag is installed in described rfid card.
Further, described bonding jumper is pasted on front or the back side of described sticker, described bonding jumper consists of two " n " font bonding jumpers and " one " font bonding jumper, the two ends of described " one " font bonding jumper are connected with one end of " n " font bonding jumper described in two respectively, and described near field loop tag is arranged at the center of described rfid card.
Further, the Edge Distance of the edge of described near field loop tag and described " one " font bonding jumper is 1-3mm.
Scheme three, the utility model comprises the cutting ferrule that posts half bag metal covering, described rfid card can slide in described cutting ferrule, and near field loop tag is installed in described rfid card.
Further, described cutting ferrule is the cutting ferrule of openings at one side, described metal covering is arranged on front, adjacent side and three, the back side face of described cutting ferrule, its described metal covering that is arranged in the described back side and adjacent side is full bag metal covering, and the described metal covering being arranged on described front is half bag metal covering.
Further, described near field loop tag be arranged at described rfid card in the heart, described near field loop tag and the described cutting ferrule back side the distance of full bag metal covering be greater than 0.8mm, the distance of partly wrapping metal covering in described near field loop tag and described cutting ferrule front is between 0.1-1mm.
Further, on described front partly wrap metal covering near one side of described near field loop tag with the central axis of described near field loop tag in same level.
Integration scenario one, two and three, described near field loop tag is the one in circle, ellipse or regular polygon, described " one " font bonding jumper is linear pattern, serrate or suitable with the structure of described near field loop tag.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are:
The utility model packs rfid card in the cutting ferrule of metal clad bar, paste with the sticker of bonding jumper or pack in the cutting ferrule that posts half bag metal covering, by rfid card, pack in a different manner in cutting ferrule or stick on sticker, realizing the remote and in-plant demand of swiping the card of rfid card; The utlity model has advantage simple in structure and easy to use, can meet multi-form demand.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the equivalent circuit diagram of existing label chip and label antenna;
Fig. 2 carries out impedance analogous diagram to the chip equivalent electrical circuit of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is Fig. 2 emulation gained label chip impedance real part curve map;
Fig. 4 is Fig. 2 emulation gained label chip imaginary impedance curve map;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of closely RFID label described in the utility model;
Fig. 6 is the A-A cut-open view in Fig. 5;
Fig. 7 is the side view of cutting ferrule described in the utility model;
Fig. 8 is the front view of cutting ferrule described in the utility model;
Fig. 9 be near field described in the utility model loop tag while being positioned at described rfid card center described in rfid card be all installed on the structural representation of the cutting ferrule of described metal clad bar;
Figure 10 be near field described in the utility model loop tag while being positioned at described rfid card center described in rfid card part be installed on the structural representation of the cutting ferrule of described metal clad bar;
Figure 11 be near field described in the utility model loop tag while being positioned at described rfid card top or bottom described in rfid card be all installed on the cutting ferrule of described metal clad bar, described near field loop tag is near the structural representation of described " one " font bonding jumper;
Figure 12 be near field described in the utility model loop tag while being positioned at described rfid card top or bottom described in rfid card be all installed on the cutting ferrule of described metal clad bar, described near field loop tag is away from the structural representation of described " one " font bonding jumper;
Figure 13 is the front view that rfid card described in the utility model is pasted with described sticker;
Figure 14 is the side view that rfid card described in the utility model is pasted with described sticker;
Figure 15 is that rfid card described in the utility model is installed on the structural representation in the cutting ferrule of described metal clad face;
Figure 16 is that rfid card described in the utility model is installed in cutting ferrule or pastes the impedance diagram of sticker;
Figure 17 is that rfid card described in the utility model is installed in cutting ferrule or pastes the antenna pattern of sticker;
When Figure 18 is the metal radiation bar co-operation on the utility model near field loop tag and cutting ferrule, the overall equivalent electrical circuit of label antenna.
In figure: 1-near field loop tag, 2-rfid card, 3-cutting ferrule, 4-" n " font bonding jumper, 5-" one " font bonding jumpers, 6-sticker, 7-partly wrap metal covering, 8-entirely wrap metal covering.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is described in further detail:
Embodiment mono-: as shown in Fig. 5-12, the utility model comprises the cutting ferrule 3 of metal clad bar, rfid card 2 can be in the interior slip of cutting ferrule 3, near field loop tag 1 is installed in rfid card 2, the hollow cutting ferrule 3 that cutting ferrule 3 is openings at one side, bonding jumper is pasted on front or the back side of cutting ferrule 3, bonding jumper consists of two " n " font bonding jumpers 4 and " one " font bonding jumper 5, the two ends of " one " font bonding jumper 5 are connected with one end of two " n " font bonding jumpers 4 respectively, near field loop tag 1 is arranged at the center of rfid card 2, top or bottom, near field loop tag 1 is arranged at the center of rfid card 2, rfid card 2 is installed on cutting ferrule 3 when interior, the edge of near field loop tag 1 is 2mm with the Edge Distance of " one " font bonding jumper 5, near field loop tag 1 is arranged at top or the bottom of rfid card 2, and rfid card 2 is from being installed on cutting ferrule 3 when interior near one side of near field loop tag 1, and the edge of near field loop tag 1 is 2mm with Edge Distance the best of " one " font bonding jumper 5, rfid card 2 is from being installed on cutting ferrule 3 away from one side of near field loop tag 1 when interior, and the edge of near field loop tag 1 is 12mm with Edge Distance the best of " one " font bonding jumper 5.
Embodiment bis-: as shown in Figure 13 and 14, the utility model comprises the sticker 6 of metal clad bar, near field loop tag 1 is installed in rfid card 2, bonding jumper is pasted on front or the back side of sticker 6, bonding jumper consists of two " n " font bonding jumpers 4 and " one " font bonding jumper 5, the two ends of " one " font bonding jumper 5 are connected with one end of two " n " font bonding jumpers 4 respectively, near field loop tag 1 is arranged at the center of rfid card 2, and the edge of near field loop tag 1 is 2mm with Edge Distance the best of " one " font bonding jumper 5.
Embodiment tri-: as shown in figure 15, the utility model comprises the cutting ferrule 3 that posts half bag metal covering, rfid card 2 can be in the interior slip of cutting ferrule 3, near field loop tag 1 is installed in rfid card 2, the cutting ferrule 3 that cutting ferrule 3 is openings at one side, metal covering is arranged at the front of cutting ferrule 3, on three faces in adjacent side and the back side, its metal covering that is arranged in the back side and adjacent side is full bag metal covering 8, the metal covering being arranged on front is half bag metal covering 7, near field loop tag 1 be arranged at rfid card 2 in the heart, near field loop tag 1 is 0.2mm with the distance the best of partly wrapping metal covering 7 in cutting ferrule 3 fronts, near field loop tag 1 and cutting ferrule 3 back sides distance the best of full bag metal covering 8 be 1mm, on front half be covered with gold leaf belong to 7 one side near near field loop tags 1 with the central axis of near field loop tag 1 in same level.
Comprehensive embodiment mono-, two and three, near field loop tag 1 is rectangular label, " one " font bonding jumper 5 is linear pattern.
Principle of work of the present utility model is as follows:
As shown in figure 18, when metal radiation bar co-operation near field loop tag 1 and cutting ferrule 3, the overall equivalent-circuit model of label antenna, this antenna can be analyzed by the circuit model of a simplification, obtains the input impedance of seeing into from antenna feed mouth based on circuit model:
Wherein M is the mutual inductance between antenna radiator and near field tag electric feedback ring, characterizes the stiffness of coupling between them; Z
loopbe the resistance value of electric feedback ring itself, its value depends on the inductance value L of electric feedback ring itself
loop, can be expressed as
Z
loop=j2πfL
loop
Z
athat antenna radiator is removing the resistance value presenting after electric feedback ring, by radiator self-resistance R
a, capacitor C and inductance L
aform.At its resonance frequency f
0when neighbouring, Z
acan be by antenna near radiation resistance R resonance frequency
rand the quality factor q relevant with frequency f characterizes:
From above, can obtain real part and the imaginary part of antenna feed impedance:
Wherein
The same day, line was operated in tuning-points frequency f
0time, i.e. f=f
0, real part and the imaginary part of antenna feed impedance become:
X
in=2πfL
loop
Above two formulas show, the real part of antenna feed impedance is subject to the control of the radiation resistance of coupling coefficient between antenna radiator and electric feedback ring and antenna radiator itself, and imaginary part depends on the size of the inductance value of electric feedback ring own.
As shown in Fig. 9,10,11 and 15, when rfid card 2 packs into after cutting ferrule 3 completely, near field loop tag 1 base in card and cutting ferrule 3, the spacing of metal radiation bar is 2mm, and its label antenna overall impedance and chip impedance realize best impedance conjugate impedance match.
As shown in figure 16, (1): the antenna overall impedance real part curve that comprises cutting ferrule metal radiation bar and near field coupling ring equates with chip impedance real part curved intersection, numerical value at 920MHz frequency;
(2): the antenna overall impedance imaginary part curve that comprises cutting ferrule metal radiation bar and near field coupling ring equates with chip impedance imaginary part conjugate curved intersection, numerical value at 920MHz frequency;
As above gained, by adopting close bonding jumper or face as label antenna radiation item, label antenna overall impedance and chip have extraordinary impedance conjugate impedance match.
As shown in figure 16, the antenna pattern of label antenna, greatest irradiation gain, for 2.15dB, has good antenna radiation performance;
When the rfid card 2 with near field loop tag 1 is inserted in the cutting ferrule 3 with metal radiation bar, label chip and label antenna entirety have realized good conjugate impedance match, and due to the coupling of near field loop tag and metal radiation bar, the far-field radiation performance of label significantly promotes, can reach 2.15dB radiation gain, thereby label can reading by remote (can be greater than 10 meters).
Therefore, the rfid card 2 of near field loop tag 1 can be applied to public transport, subway, mess card etc. for reading apart from having in the scene of strict scope restriction separately;
In the rfid card 2 of this near field loop tag 1 is inserted into the cutting ferrule 3 of metal radiation bar or metal covering or after stickup sticker 6, this label can be read at a distance, can apply in utilization scene that work attendance, non-parking charge etc. need to be read at a distance;
Whether user can insert the cutting ferrule 3 with metal radiation bar by card by autonomous selection, deals with different use scenes.For example, when people take subway, can use separately card, complete transaction, the security when guaranteeing to swipe the card limiting in distance; When people's working enters company gate, can insert the card into again cutting ferrule, thereby can be read at a distance, avoided the trouble of queuing up and swiping the card; When need to remove dining room bankcard consumption its noon, it can take out card again and use separately from cutting ferrule, misreading while preventing from swiping the card; When the people that drive are when coming in and going out parking lot, can insert the card into cutting ferrule again and promote the operating distance of label, having avoided to get on or off the bus just can complete the trouble of read-write, has also guaranteed the safety of personal property;
Due to when the rfid card 2 with near field loop tag 1, be inserted into metal radiation bar cutting ferrule 3 time, this label antenna entirety can be analyzed by the circuit model of a simplification, obtains the input impedance of seeing into from antenna feed mouth based on circuit model:
Wherein M is the mutual inductance between antenna radiator and near field tag electric feedback ring, characterizes the stiffness of coupling between them, and this coupling coefficient M has the spacing of loop tag and metal radiation bar to determine, distance is nearer, its coupling coefficient is stronger, and the radiance of label entirety is just better, reads distance just far away; Correspondingly, when the spacing of loop tag and metal radiation bar widens, its coupling coefficient is just lower, and the radiance of label entirety is corresponding deterioration also, and tag read distance is corresponding reduction also;
Therefore as shown in figure 10, user can insert by control card the degree of depth of cutting ferrule 3, controls the spacing of near field loop tag 1 and metal radiation bar, thereby by controlling its coupling coefficient, carry out the distance that reads of real-time selection label, card inserts darker, reads distance just far away; At some special occasions, the degree of depth that allows user insert cutting ferrule 3 by card has an autonomous control to the distance that reads of label, more promotes user's use impression;
As shown in FIG. 11 and 12, no longer by near field loop tag 1 centering position,
When wherein a side is inserted, near field loop tag 1 is 2mm with metal radiation bar distance, and label can be realized the distance that reads farthest;
When opposite side inserts, near field loop tag 1 be 12mm with metal radiation bar distance, label can realize between farthest read distance and independent near field loop tag read apart between one read distance;
Thereby user can be come according to different use occasions, and the inserted mode of selecting card from main separation, selects to read distance, deals with the requirement of different use occasions.
Adopt the technical solution of the utility model, user can independently select and control the operating distance of rfid card, adopts the same card to deal with different operation environments.For example, when taking subway, public transport, user can use separately the rfid card with ring label, in safe distance, swipes the card safely and effectively; When the company of entering punches in, described rfid card can be inserted in the cutting ferrule with bonding jumper again, realize and reading at a distance, removed the trouble of queuing up and swiping the card from; When we are during in the face of the problem in the garage of driving to come in and go out, if adopt the HFRFID card of near work, each garage of coming in and going out all will get off or transfer to keeper to swipe the card, very trouble is also very dangerous, if the directly simple rfid card that adopts telecommute, the active cards such as such as high performance UHFRFID card or 433MHz, 2.4GHz, although the staggered gap ratio of vehicle is larger, also there will be situation about misreading at a distance unavoidably; If but adopt the technical solution of the utility model, user can be when sailing payment doorway into, again described rfid card is inserted in described cutting ferrule, realize the transaction of swiping the card at a distance, so both avoid the trouble of getting off and swiping the card, also effectively avoided the situation that rfid card is misread in own unwitting situation; User passes through the technical solution of the utility model, can independently select the distance of swiping the card of rfid card, improve greatly convenience, security and the independence that rfid card uses, the utilization of user to rfid card, is no longer the single selection of the exclusiveness of nearly card or card far away.
Those skilled in the art do not depart from essence of the present utility model and spirit, can there is various deformation scheme to realize the utility model, the foregoing is only the better feasible embodiment of the utility model, this technology can be applied in other packings, not thereby limit to interest field of the present utility model, the equivalent structure that all utilization the utility model instructionss and accompanying drawing content are done changes or is applied to other packings above, within being all contained in interest field of the present utility model.