CN203551560U - Nitric oxide measurement equipment without strict expiration gas flow control - Google Patents
Nitric oxide measurement equipment without strict expiration gas flow control Download PDFInfo
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- CN203551560U CN203551560U CN201320633974.4U CN201320633974U CN203551560U CN 203551560 U CN203551560 U CN 203551560U CN 201320633974 U CN201320633974 U CN 201320633974U CN 203551560 U CN203551560 U CN 203551560U
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- Prior art keywords
- nitric oxide
- expiration
- flow
- air chamber
- sensor
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- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title abstract description 25
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000003928 nasal cavity Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000023504 respiratory system disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000006673 asthma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000001584 soft palate Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013313 FeNO test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001024304 Mino Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000037883 airway inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000007799 cork Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013213 extrapolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001847 jaw Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012821 model calculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002345 respiratory system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011896 sensitive detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000115 thoracic cavity Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The utility model provides nitric oxide measurement equipment without strict expiration gas flow control. The equipment consists of a pressure or flow sensor, a gas chamber, a sensor, a pump and valves, wherein a main expiration gas circuit is formed through connecting the pressure or flow sensor (1), the valve (2), the gas chamber (4) and the valve (3) in series, and the gas chamber is formed by a slender pipeline; the pump (5) and the sensor (6) are connected to the two ends of the gas chamber in parallel through capillary tubes, so as to form a circulating gas circuit, and the volume of all pipelines of the parallel gas circuit is 5% smaller than that of the gas chamber.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to expiration nitric oxide measuring equipment.
Background technology
Expiration nitric oxide is analyzed and has been obtained medical profession abundant affirmation for the detection of the respiratory diseases such as asthma as the mark of airway inflammation.U.S. thoracic cavity association and Europe are breathed association and in 2005, are combined formulation and announced the standardized method " ATS/ERS Recommendations for Standardized Procedures for the Online and Offline Measurement of Exhaled Low Respiratory Nitric Oxide and Nasal Nitric Oxide " of carrying out this measurement, its clinical practice guide (An Official ATS Clinical Practice Guideline:Interpretation of exhaled Nitric Oxide Level (FeNO) for Clinical Applications) has been proposed for 2011, these standards and guide are used for instructing and how detect and diagnosis and the therapeutic evaluation for respiratory diseases such as asthma by testing result.
The standardization expiration nitric oxide measuring method that ATS/ERS recommends is for measuring the inflammation of lower respiratory tract, requires at 5cmH at least
2under the breath pressure of O, under the fixedly exhalation flow rate of 50ml/s, carry out single continue to exhale 10 seconds (or children 6 seconds), this for children and part by the adult of respiratory disease, there is certain difficulty, U.S. FDA is over against NIOX MINO(Aerocrine AB) point out, measuring expiration NO needs trained health professional to instruct, and this measurement can not be used for baby or 7 years old following children.
With the most direct method of constant flow rate expiration, be by measuring exhalation flow rate indication, then expiration person realizes from main regulation expiration dynamics by the feedback signal of indication, in actual application, find, by exhalation flow rate, within 2～3 second time, Sustainable Control still acquires a certain degree of difficulty within the scope of 45～55ml/s.
The difficulty of controlling in order to reduce expiratory gas flow, Aerocine has designed a self-operated type expiratory gas flow controller and for its product, the manufacturer that GE etc. provide expiration nitric oxide to detect has all matched expiratory gas flow controller on expiration nitric oxide checkout equipment.
For this problem, the solution thinking of Philips is (US2012/123288A1): a plurality of measurement results that obtain exhalation flow rate and expiration NO concentration during experimenter carries out repeatedly exhaling of moisture breathing, then described measurement result is applied to and describes the nitric oxide production flow correlation models of breathing out, and the nitric oxide production value of exhalation of using described model derivation and fixed flow rate.This method has utilized moisture to breathe the measurement result obtaining during manipulation, because moisture is exhaled and can oneself be carried out and without guidance, be more suitable for and underage child and severe case.
But also there is the problem of following several respects in moisture expiration sampling analysis:
1. moisture expiratory gas flow generally higher (typically from 100 to 1000ml/s), under these high flow velocities, NO concentration is lower, needs more highly sensitive detection system;
Moisture exhale relate to more shallow air-breathing, shorter expiratory duration, at moisture respiratory cycle (adult 4-20 beat/min, 20 ~ 40 beats/min of children) in the time, alveolar in experimenter's lung only part is eliminated the NO in air amount, therefore moisture is exhaled sampling to the having relatively high expectations of air amount, and the NO that intranasal sucks in addition also may affect mensuration;
3. in standardized test process, owing to having controlled breath pressure, soft palate is closed, and this has been avoided the interference to measurement from nasal cavity NO, and moisture is exhaled, and this interference exists all the time;
4. in order to deduct nasal cavity gas and expiration state to the impact of measuring, need to analyze the moisture overall process expiration nitric oxide CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION of exhaling, this needs operating means and the sensor of high time resolution, and this has relatively high expectations to measuring technique and sensor;
5. at present about various models the imperfection of NO output and diffusion in lung, more complicated model need to be used and need to use approximate analytic solution or numerical solution, and this is also not too convenient in application, and utilizes different the model calculation also to have larger difference.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of nitrogen monoxide measuring equipment that does not need strictly to control expiratory gas flow, to overcome the defect of said method.
The using method of the utility model equipment is: at least autonomous sampling twice of exhaling in the scope of exhalation flow rate 20 ~ 100ml/s, measure the expiration nitric oxide concentration value under different in flow rate; According to the matched curve of the expiration of measurement result and flow velocity relation, calculate the expiration nitric oxide concentration under standard flow rate.
Because expiration nitric oxide concentration is strong, rely on and expiratory gas flow, thereby standardized expiration NO measurement need be controlled exhalation flow rate in 50ml/s+/-10% scope in single exhalation process, the utility model equipment does not need flow velocity accurately to control, thereby more easily carry out, can greatly improve the success ratio of the sampling of exhaling.
The utility model equipment is comprised of pressure or flow sensor, air chamber, sensor, pump and valve, it is characterized by: exhale main gas routing pressure or flow sensor (1), valve (2), air chamber (4) and valve (3) are composed in series, the response time of wherein said pressure transducer is less than 1s, and described main gas circuit gas circuit resistance is greater than 5cmH under expiration condition
2o, described air chamber is comprised of elongate conduit, and volume is less than 50ml; Pump (5), sensor (6) form circulation gas circuit at air chamber two ends by capillary paralleling, all manifold volumes of described cross gas circuit are less than 5% of air chamber volume.
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Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 alveolar and air flue nitrogen monoxide produce and the two chambers of diffusion model.
Fig. 2 expiration nitric oxide measuring equipment forms schematic diagram.
Embodiment
The Method And Principle of the utility model equipment is with reference to two chambers model of NO output and diffusion in the lung of reporting in document.In the model of two chambers, eNO mainly comes from two chambers, i.e. air flue district and alveolar region, this model definition three with the irrelevant exchange parameter of flow velocity, NO exchange kinetics is described, as shown in Figure 1.This model is pointed out: Exhaled nitric oxide concentration (C
eNO:) by two parts, formed, come from respectively alveolar region and air flue district, depend on that three according to the parameter of fluctuations in discharge: derive from airway walls NO total flow (J ' aw
nO, pl/s), NO is at the diffusivity (Daw of air flue
nO, pl*s
-1*ppb
-1) the alveolar air concentration (C, and under stable state
aNO, ppb).The Jaw of NO in tissue and air flue gas phase
nOwith total flow (pl/s) and exhalation flow rate are inversely proportional to; C
nOrefer to the NO concentration in gas phase in air flue.
Relation between them is as shown in following equation (1):
Work as V
e>5*
daw
nOml/s or 50 ml/s(Healthy Peoples) time, this equation can be reduced to (equation (2))
In general, C
aNO<2% CawNO, and
j' aw
nO=
daw
nO* Caw
nO, above equation can be reduced to (equation (3))
Thus, by different tolerance (V
e) mensuration of eNO concentration, can be in the hope of alveolar air concentration, and the NO total flow of airway walls.
According to equation (3), within the scope of certain expiratory gas flow, the inverse of expiration nitric oxide concentration and exhalation flow rate is linear, and (data in literature is under the condition of 10ml/s ~ 850ml/s, this is close like setting up, Philip E. Silkoff Am J Respiration Care Med Vol 161 PP1218-1228), if can record two expiration nitric oxide concentration under flow within the scope of this expiratory gas flow, by the method for linear difference or extrapolation, can calculate the expiration nitric oxide concentration of (50ml/s) under standard flow rate, with regard to not needing, expiratory gas flow is carried out to strict control like this, can greatly reduce the difficulty of the sampling of exhaling.
More than the theoretical foundation of the utility model equipment, and Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that the utility model expiration nitric oxide measuring equipment forms, described equipment is comprised of pressure or flow sensor, air chamber, sensor, pump and valve, it is characterized by: exhale main gas routing pressure or flow sensor 1, valve 2, air chamber 4 and valve 3 are composed in series; Pump 5, sensor 6, by kapillary, is connected in parallel on air chamber two ends and forms circulation gas circuit, and described air chamber is comprised of elongate conduit,, gas flowing for piston flow therein, all manifold volumes of this cross gas circuit are less than 5% of air chamber volume.
While sampling in order to guarantee to exhale, do not sneak into nasal cavity gas, when ATS requires to exhale, gas circuit resistance is greater than 5cmH
2o, to close soft palate, considering this requirement and reducing expiration difficulty, is controlled at 5 ~ 25cmH by gas circuit range of resistance during the design of the utility model device
2o(exhalation flow rate 10 ~ 100ml/s).
For the collected expiration gas flow velocity of Measurement accuracy, the utility model method for optimizing is that the expiration sampling time was controlled in 1 second, can adopt like this method of real-time measurement to obtain the flow rate regime of the expiration sample collect, and go to control exhalation flow rate without a default flow range, in exhalation flow rate, do not need special control, thereby reduced expiration difficulty.In order to meet this condition, described air chamber volume is less than 50ml.
While utilizing described equipment to carry out expiration nitric oxide measurement, by filter tip, to described equipment, exhale, gas also can be pressure transducer by flow sensor 1(), measure expiratory gas flow, valve 2, air chamber 4 and valve 3 are rear emptying, when vent gas volume and exhalation flow rate meet the demands, switch valve 2, valve 3, open air pump 5, promotion gas is got back to air chamber 4 through air chamber 4, valve 2, air pump 5, sensor 6, valve 3 and is carried out Measurement and analysis, exhalation flow rate and expiration nitric oxide measurement result when end of record (EOR) is exhaled sampling.
Like this, each expiration can obtain a group calling airshed and corresponding expiration nitric oxide numerical value thereof, appoints to get wherein two groups and just can be set up system of equations and be obtained the expiration nitric oxide concentration under ATS proposed standard flow velocity by formula (3).
Table 1 be tester take different in flow rate exhale (flow rates is as from 18ml/s to 143ml/s) appoint the expiration nitric oxide concentration of getting under twice measurement result calculating 50ml/s flow velocity wherein (under standard flow rate, to measure: 47ml/s, eNO=21ppb) result comparison, from table, when selecting an exhalation flow rate at (18 ~ 68ml/s), another exhalation flow rate when 68 ~ 98ml/s scope, the expiration nitric oxide concentration by any twice measurement result wherein under can more accurate standard of appraisal flow.When exhalation flow rate is greater than 100ml/s, calculation deviation is larger.
Be greater than 5cmH
2under the expiratory resistance of O, autonomous exhalation flow rate generally all can be within the scope of 20 ~ 100ml/s like a cork, thus, the utility model recommends the measuring method of expiration nitric oxide as follows: at least autonomous sampling twice of exhaling in the scope of exhalation flow rate 20 ~ 100ml/s, measure the expiration nitric oxide concentration value under different in flow rate; According to the matched curve of the expiration of measurement result and flow velocity relation, calculate the expiration nitric oxide concentration under standard flow rate.
Preferably, select the exhalation data of a 50+/-20ml/s and reappearance and the accuracy that the measurement data (>50ml/s) under a high flow velocities improves result of calculation.Certain twice measuring flow flow that is more near the mark, the accuracy higher (extreme situation is that twice measuring flow is all 50ml/s, and result of calculation should be the mean value of twice measurement so) of calculating.
In actual application, in order to improve the success ratio of measuring efficiency and taking into account expiratory measurements, also can adopt following measuring process:
1. with the flow velocity of 50ml/s left and right, exhale, during as sampling, exhalation flow rate is in the scope of 45 ~ 55ml/s, and measurement result directly shows, test end; If exhalation flow rate is not outside the scope of 45 ~ 55ml/s, but drop within the scope of 30 ~ 70ml/s, sample is carried out to analysis to measure, record expiratory gas flow and nitric oxide concentration value, and expiratory measurements is carried out in prompting again one time;
2. to be greater than any flow velocity expiration (preferably <100ml/s) sampling analysis of 50ml/s, record expiratory gas flow and nitric oxide concentration value, test finishes;
3. software calculates the expiration nitric oxide concentration under 50ml/s flow velocity automatically according to the result of above-mentioned twice measurement.
The method and apparatus that the present embodiment is explained is exemplary and nonrestrictive, those skilled in the art may appreciate that and realize the variation of disclosed embodiment, if the utility model is according to two chambers model the Fitting Calculation of extrapolating, in fact as long as repeatedly measure near required flow range, then carry out fitting of a polynomial calculating and also can obtain the expiration nitric oxide value under required flow, and without paying close attention to air flue NO diffusion model.
In addition, the utility model equipment is also not limited only to expiration nitric oxide and measures, and any gasmetry relevant to flow, when strict required flow is had any problem, all can adopt equipment described in the utility model.
Claims (1)
1. a nitrogen monoxide measuring equipment that does not need strictly to control expiratory gas flow, described equipment is comprised of pressure or flow sensor, air chamber, sensor, pump and valve, it is characterized by: exhale main gas routing pressure or flow sensor (1), valve (2), air chamber (4) and valve (3) are composed in series, the response time of wherein said pressure transducer is less than 1s, and described main gas circuit gas circuit resistance is greater than 5cmH under expiration condition
2o, described air chamber is comprised of elongate conduit, and volume is less than 50ml; Pump (5), sensor (6) form circulation gas circuit at air chamber two ends by capillary paralleling, all manifold volumes of described cross gas circuit are less than 5% of air chamber volume.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201320633974.4U CN203551560U (en) | 2013-10-15 | 2013-10-15 | Nitric oxide measurement equipment without strict expiration gas flow control |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201320633974.4U CN203551560U (en) | 2013-10-15 | 2013-10-15 | Nitric oxide measurement equipment without strict expiration gas flow control |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN203551560U true CN203551560U (en) | 2014-04-16 |
Family
ID=50469657
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201320633974.4U Expired - Lifetime CN203551560U (en) | 2013-10-15 | 2013-10-15 | Nitric oxide measurement equipment without strict expiration gas flow control |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN203551560U (en) |
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2013
- 2013-10-15 CN CN201320633974.4U patent/CN203551560U/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CX01 | Expiry of patent term |
Granted publication date: 20140416 |
|
| CX01 | Expiry of patent term |