CN203311262U - Solar cell tracking detection and control device - Google Patents
Solar cell tracking detection and control device Download PDFInfo
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- CN203311262U CN203311262U CN2013203437139U CN201320343713U CN203311262U CN 203311262 U CN203311262 U CN 203311262U CN 2013203437139 U CN2013203437139 U CN 2013203437139U CN 201320343713 U CN201320343713 U CN 201320343713U CN 203311262 U CN203311262 U CN 203311262U
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- detection
- solar cell
- dot matrix
- tracks
- light activated
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a solar cell tracking detection and control device which comprises a detection device for generating detection voltage according to illumination, control logic for receiving the detection voltage and generating control signals, a one-chip microcomputer for receiving the control signals, a horizontal drive circuit and an elevation drive circuit which are controlled by the one-chip microcomputer, a horizontal motor driven by the horizontal drive circuit and an elevation motor driven by the elevation drive circuit. According to the utility model, the detection voltage generated by the detection device is processed by the control logic and inputted into the one-chip microcomputer, the one-chip microcomputer determines the motion direction of a solar panel, and related motors are timely driven to adjust attitude of the solar panel so as to make the solar panel achieve the position where maximum absorption of solar energy can be realized. In comparison with the prior art, cooperation of a light-sensitive element and related circuits has higher accuracy and real-time performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of solar cell and follow the tracks of the Detection & Controling device, belong to the photovoltaic cell application.
Background technology
Solar-energy photo-voltaic cell is a kind of device that solar energy is converted into to electric energy, based on principle be the photovoltaic effect that the semiconductor PN place occurs, device itself is a semiconductor photo diode.To on photodiode the time, photodiode will be transformed into electric energy to the luminous energy of the sun when solar irradiation, by just generation current of circuit, carries electric power to external circuit.
Semiconductor PN receives the irradiation of sunshine, will there will be electron-hole pair in the PN junction material bodies, and the charge carrier produced around PN junction is not by compound, they flow to space charge region, electronics is attracted by the electric field that material internal forms, and flows into the N district, makes the N district present electronegativity.Simultaneously, hole flows to the P district and makes it to present electropositivity, and the net result of this variation is to cause the N district too much electronegative electronics to occur, and the hole of too much positively charged appears in the P district, around PN junction, has produced the photoproduction electric field with the potential barrier opposite direction.The photoproduction electric field causes producing electromotive force on the thin layer between N district and P district, Here it is photovoltaic effect.If outside circuit is carried out to short circuit, just externally can detect in circuit and flow through the electric current be directly proportional to the incident light energy, this electric current is called short-circuit current.On the contrary, if the two ends line of PN junction is disconnected, electronics and hole will be run to N district and P district accordingly, cause the Fermi level of the Fermi level in N district higher than the P district, between the two, just appearance potential is poor, and this current potential difference can be detected, and usually is referred to as open-circuit voltage.In the situation that externally circuit can be switched on, electric current in external circuit, can have been detected and flow through, namely PN junction is inner because photovoltaic has produced power stage, and this is the principle of photovoltaic cell capable of generating power.Many battery serial or parallel connections just can be formed to the solar cell array had than relatively high power output.
Solar cell is made tabular mostly, as shown in Figure 1.During according to direction as shown incident, the area that sunshine is accepted in the solar panel equivalence becomes when sunshine:
S＝S
0cosθ
Wherein N, N' mean the normal direction of actual solar panel and equivalent solar panel, and θ means the angle between incident light and solar panel normal, S
0For the solar panel original area.
Existing solar panel is because of the former of angle thereby can not absorb fully sunshine.The method and apparatus of some maximum power tracings is also arranged in prior art, but mostly based on the history curve of the curtage of solar cell, accurate not.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the present invention proposes a kind of solar cell and follows the tracks of the Detection & Controling device, the dot matrix formed according to light activated element judges the angle between sunshine and solar panel, and adjust at any time the angle of solar panel, to realize that solar panel can arrive the Tracing Control of obtaining maximum power position, follow the trail of more accurate.
Technical scheme: the technical solution used in the present invention is that a kind of solar cell is followed the tracks of the Detection & Controling device, comprise according to illumination and produce the pick-up unit that detects voltage, receive the steering logic that detects voltage and produce control signal, receive the single-chip microcomputer of described control signal, be subjected to monolithic processor controlled horizontal drive circuit and elevation angle driving circuit, be subjected to the horizontal drive circuit horizontal motor driven and the elevation angle motor that driven by elevation angle driving circuit.
As a further improvement on the present invention, described pick-up unit comprise dot matrix, install dot matrix base plate, be vertically mounted on the mark post on base plate; Several presets in dot matrix are comprised of two light activated elements, this pick-up unit also comprises several comparator circuits, each comparator circuit comprises two light activated elements that are positioned at different presets, described two light activated elements are mutually connected and are formed the path from the power supply to ground, and this comparator circuit also comprises that input end connects two comparers of the common port between two light activated elements.Described single-chip microcomputer also is connected with display and button.Described dot matrix is the 5*5 dot matrix.Described light activated element is photoresistance.
As a further improvement on the present invention, described dot matrix is k * k dot matrix, and k is odd number (k >=3).Described light activated element is photodiode.Transverse axis is positioned at
OK, the longitudinal axis is positioned at
Row, the intersection point of longitudinal and transverse axle is the settlement of overcasting staff." [] " means that the numeral of the inside rounds.
Pick-up unit in the present invention has played the effect of surveying angle between incident sunlight and solar panel normal.On the base plate of this pick-up unit, be covered with dot matrix, wherein several default points comprise two light activated elements, when vertically under the irradiation of the mark post on base plate at sunlight, in dot matrix, form shade, can judge the angle between sunlight and solar panel normal according to the caused light activated element resistance variations of this shade.
Beneficial effect: the detection voltage that the present invention produces according to pick-up unit, processing through steering logic is input to single-chip microcomputer, by single-chip microcomputer, judged the direction of motion of solar panel, drive in time associated motor and adjust the attitude of solar panel, make it reach the position that absorbs peak power.The cooperating of light activated element and interlock circuit, with respect to prior art, possesses higher accuracy and real-time.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is solar panel lighting angle schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of pick-up unit of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the lattice structure schematic diagram on base plate of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the 2*2 dot matrix schematic diagram that Fig. 3 of the present invention analyzes simplification;
Fig. 5 is the single comparer series circuit configuration figure that in pick-up unit of the present invention, each photoresistance forms;
Fig. 6 is the dual comparator series circuit configuration figure that in pick-up unit of the present invention, each photoresistance forms;
Fig. 7 is 5*5 dot matrix schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the circuit structure diagram of steering logic of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is structural representation of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, further illustrate the present invention, should understand these embodiment only is not used in and limits the scope of the invention be used to the present invention is described, after having read the present invention, those skilled in the art all fall within the application's claims limited range to the modification of various equivalents of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 2, in pick-up unit of the present invention, on the base plate 1 of horizontal positioned, mark post F is installed vertically.On base plate 1, be provided with dot matrix as shown in Figure 3.Can see, under the irradiation of sunshine, mark post F can be on base plate the shading line, these hacures make the respective point in dot matrix be blocked and not be sunlighted.
Below according to Fig. 4 (annotate: the reduced graph of Fig. 3, be convenient to analyze), take the 2*2 dot matrix and its principle of work is described as example.Can see this dot matrix by mark post F centered by the mounting points on base plate 1, row is marked as a
i, a
j, row are labeled as b
i, b
j, along b
ib
jDirection and through the straight line at center, be transverse axis, along a
ia
jDirection and through the straight line at center, be the longitudinal axis.At an a
ib
i, a
ib
j, a
jb
i, a
jb
jOn position, respectively place the photoresistance of two same models.A
ib
iPhotoresistance and a on position
ib
jLocational photoresistance series connection, a
ib
iLocational another photoresistance and a
jb
iUpper photoresistance series connection, mean with footnote 1,2 respectively two photoresistance on certain point.As shown in Figure 5, corresponding two photoresistance are connected between power supply Vc and ground, and the common port voltage of two photoresistance is input to hysteresis comparator.Under the sunshine effect, in conjunction with the shade that overcasting staff produces, the dividing potential drop numerical value of two photoresistance common ports can be different, can determine according to the variation of this position voltage the light conditions of this position.Take and be A along the circuit hysteresis comparator output voltage of X direction, take and be B along the circuit hysteresis comparator output voltage of y direction, the series connection bleeder circuit of all check points all is positioned at the series circuit bottom according to longitudinal axis left side element, the right side element is positioned at series circuit top, transverse axis upside element is positioned at the series circuit bottom, and the downside element is positioned at series circuit top and arranges.The output voltage of four hysteresis comparators namely forms detection voltage and is expressed as respectively: A
I1, A
I2, B
I1, B
I2.
Due to all photoresistance, be the light activated element of same model, each photoresistance roughly changes himself resistance according to identical rule.In the situation that do not have mark post F shade to block, the light conditions of all photoresistance is basically identical, and in series loop, the dividing potential drop numerical value of two photoresistance will be close to the intermediate value that is in supply voltage, fluctuate very little.If there is a shown in Figure 4
ib
iBy the situation that mark post F shade is blocked, R
IiResistance value will and R
Ij, R
JiA great difference is arranged, i.e. R
IiLarger, R
Ij, R
JiLess, its series circuit midpoint potential will rise near power supply Vc, and the threshold voltage arranged due to hysteresis comparator is than the high many numerical value of power supply Vc intermediate value (as near power supply Vc), definite A after follow-up hysteresis comparator
I1=1, B
I1=1, the two-way hysteresis comparator is because associated light sensitive element all is subject to the irradiation of sunshine in addition, and the dividing potential drop of two resistance is near the supply voltage mid point, A
I2=0, B
I2=0.Therefore according to above-mentioned detection voltage, just can find out, solar panel transverse axis upside should advance along the contrary sunshine direction of the Xdirection that is in center, the photovoltaic battery panel left side should advance along the contrary sunshine direction of Y simultaneously, make solar panel as far as possible over against sunshine, to obtain larger electric energy.Table 1 has been listed 2*2 dot matrix shadow positions and the output relation that detects voltage.
Table 1 2*2 dot matrix shadow positions and the output relation that detects voltage
| The overcasting staff shadow positions | A i1 | B i1 | A i2 | B i2 |
| a ib iPosition | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| a ib jPosition | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| a jb iPosition | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| a jb jPosition | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Observe table 1, as if can determine according to the state of testing circuit output the incident direction of sunshine, determine the direction that solar cell moves, but, Fig. 5 testing circuit can not distinguished the circuit state when the photoresistance that is positioned at series circuit top is covered by shade, when this testing circuit all was sunlighted this state with light activated element, the situation of (or all without irradiation) was considered as identically, and output state is 0.For this reason, each series circuit all increases a hysteresis comparator on the basis of Fig. 5, and the threshold voltage of this hysteresis comparator arranges close near null value, and its output state is expressed as
As shown in Figure 6 (annotate: in the design, A
iWith
And B
iWith
Be not opposite each other logical variable).
According to mark post shade present position, can analyze and draw circuit state, as shown in table 2.In table, express simultaneously and be positioned on the longitudinal axis, transverse axis element by the testing circuit state under shade institute coverage condition.For the light activated element be positioned on overcasting staff F transverse axis, when forming testing circuit, only need to consider that on corresponding axis, symmetric position forms testing circuit, be on transverse axis, only to need to consider to form testing circuit to indulge axisymmetric element, on the longitudinal axis, only need to consider to form testing circuit with the axisymmetric element of horizontal stroke.
Table 2 circuit state
The analysis showed that here, in the radiation direction decision circuit, sunray is normal in the situation that receive irradiates, and the current potential of photoresistance series circuit mid point is near power supply Vc midpoint potential substantially, means that the reference point position receives the normal irradiation of sunshine.In fact, when weather conditions be in overcast and rainy, night etc. without the solar light irradiation situation under, the light incident situation that all detection voltage of dot matrix reflects all is expressed as over against the sunshine state, does not need the adjustment of solar panel enforcing location.Therefore, to the threshold voltage of the hysteresis comparator that is arranged in upside in pick-up unit, should be set to the upper and lower voltage of stagnant ring and all be greater than the supply voltage point value, in the above appropriate location of supply voltage mid point, certain stagnant ring is set.To the threshold voltage of the hysteresis comparator that is arranged in downside in pick-up unit, should be set to the upper and lower voltage of stagnant ring and all be less than the supply voltage point value, in the following appropriate location of supply voltage mid point, certain stagnant ring is set.
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of 5*5 dot matrix, and its principle of work is identical with the 2*2 dot matrix of above-mentioned simplification, in the 5*5 dot matrix, is equipped with photoresistance except central point.According to the analysis of front, in the solar light irradiation situation, being positioned at the above detection of transverse axis voltage is 1 o'clock, requires the photovoltaic cell module upper end to meet sunshine and moves, and being positioned at longitudinal axis left side detection voltage is 1 o'clock, requires the photovoltaic cell module left side to meet sunshine and moves.In Fig. 7:
A
1b
1And a
1b
5State A is determined in upper photoresistance
11,
a
1b
2And a
1b
4Determine state A
12,
A
2b
1And a
2b
5Determine state A
21,
a
2b
2And a
2b
4Determine state A
22,
A
3b
1And a
3b
5Determine state A
31,
a
3b
2And a
3b
4Determine state A
32,
A
4b
1And a
4b
5Determine state A
41,
a
4b
2And a
4b
4Determine state A
42,
A
5b
1And a
5b
5Determine state A
51,
a
5b
2And a
5b
4Determine state A
52,
A
1b
1Upper another photoresistance and a
5b
1State B is determined in a upper photoresistance
11,
a
2b
1And a
4b
1Determine state B
12,
A
1b
2And a
5b
2Determine state B
21,
a
2b
2And a
4b
2Determine state B
22,
A
1b
3And a
5b
3Determine state B
31,
a
2b
3And a
4b
3Determine state B
32,
A
1b
4And a
5b
4Determine state B
41,
a
2b
4And a
4b
4Determine state B
42,
A
1b
5And a
5b
5Determine state B
51,
a
2b
5And a
4b
5Determine state B
52,
Definition cell panel upper end edge transverse axis backlight rotates to be x=1, and cell panel lower end edge transverse axis backlight rotates to be y=1; Definition cell panel left end rotates to be m=1 along longitudinal axis backlight, and the cell panel right-hand member rotates to be n=1 along longitudinal axis backlight.Therefore, for Fig. 7, list table 3 as follows:
The state of table 3 Fig. 7
According to above-mentioned operation logic, morning, the sun comes up in the east, and evening, the sun landed from west, and solar panel will rotate near 180 °.Along with the landing of the sun, solar panel is by west, and under the irradiation that there is no sunshine, cell panel does not carry out the motion of any direction, keeps in the face of west always.The next morning, when the sun rises again eastwardly, sunshine will shine the back side of solar panel.For this reason, front, reverse side at base plate 1 are arranged a pair of photoresistance again, according to the series circuit that a hysteresis comparator is only arranged shown in Figure 5, the photoresistance at the back side are placed in to the upside of series circuit, positive photoresistance is placed in downside, and the hysteresis comparator output voltage forms positive and negative detecting position z.Under normal circumstances, front is irradiated by light, and the testing circuit output low level is close to the intermediate value of supply voltage at wet weather and night without output in sunshine direct projection situation.If reverse side is sunlighted, testing circuit will be exported high level, mean that solar panel need to be along longitudinal axis reverse rotation, when rotating to front in the face of sunshine, the front detecting element will be made reflection to the direction of light, adjust thus cell panel to optical position.Logical relation shown in table 3 and positive and negative detecting position z, can be realized by steering logic shown in Figure 8.
The steering logic of Fig. 8 output x, y, m, tetra-control signals of n are to single-chip microcomputer, this Single-chip Controlling horizontal drive circuit and elevation angle driving circuit.Horizontal drive circuit drives horizontal driven by motor solar panel along continuous straight runs again and rotates, and elevation angle driving circuit drives elevation angle driven by motor solar panel and does luffing, as shown in Figure 9.In addition single-chip microcomputer has also connected button so that personnel operate, and various data are outputed to connected display.External 15V/5V power supply provides electric power for single-chip microcomputer, horizontal drive circuit and elevation angle driving circuit.
Claims (6)
1. a solar cell is followed the tracks of the Detection & Controling device, it is characterized in that, comprise according to the strong and weak pick-up unit that detects voltage that produces of illumination, receive the steering logic that detects voltage and produce control signal through logical operation, receive the single-chip microcomputer of described control signal, be subjected to monolithic processor controlled horizontal drive circuit and elevation angle driving circuit, be subjected to the horizontal drive circuit horizontal motor driven and the elevation angle motor that driven by elevation angle driving circuit.
2. solar cell according to claim 1 is followed the tracks of the Detection & Controling device, it is characterized in that, described pick-up unit comprises dot matrix, the base plate of dot matrix is installed, is vertically mounted on the overcasting staff on base plate;
Several presets in dot matrix are comprised of two light activated elements, this pick-up unit also comprises several comparator circuits, each comparator circuit comprises two light activated elements that are positioned at different presets, described two light activated elements are mutually connected and are formed the path from the power supply to ground, and this comparator circuit also comprises that input end connects two comparers of common port between two light activated elements.
3. solar cell according to claim 2 is followed the tracks of the Detection & Controling device, it is characterized in that, described single-chip microcomputer also is connected with display and button.
4. solar cell according to claim 3 is followed the tracks of the Detection & Controling device, it is characterized in that, described dot matrix is k * k dot matrix, and k is odd number, k >=3.
5. solar cell according to claim 4 is followed the tracks of the Detection & Controling device, it is characterized in that, described light activated element is photoresistance.
6. solar cell according to claim 4 is followed the tracks of the Detection & Controling device, it is characterized in that, described light activated element is photodiode.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013203437139U CN203311262U (en) | 2013-06-14 | 2013-06-14 | Solar cell tracking detection and control device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013203437139U CN203311262U (en) | 2013-06-14 | 2013-06-14 | Solar cell tracking detection and control device |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN203311262U true CN203311262U (en) | 2013-11-27 |
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|---|---|---|---|
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103294069A (en) * | 2013-06-14 | 2013-09-11 | 盐城工学院 | Solar battery tracking detection and control device |
-
2013
- 2013-06-14 CN CN2013203437139U patent/CN203311262U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103294069A (en) * | 2013-06-14 | 2013-09-11 | 盐城工学院 | Solar battery tracking detection and control device |
| CN103294069B (en) * | 2013-06-14 | 2016-05-18 | 盐城工学院 | A kind of solar cell is followed the tracks of Detection & Controling device |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20131127 Termination date: 20170614 |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |