Background technology
China Freshwater resources critical shortage, particularly the northern area of China, as even more serious in ground water shortage problems such as Tianjin, Beijing, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Liaoning, Shaanxi and Gansu.Clearly propose in " Chinese national economy and social development 12 planning outlines ": carry forward vigorously reuse water, pit water, sea water desaltination and brackish water utilization.Therefore, with the increase income increment technique of sea water desaltination as water resources, become very urgent task.
Compare the south water to north, for the northern China coastland, sea water desaltination has more realistic price.Under China's national policy and in advance background of planning, the sea water desaltination market of following China is faced with huge opportunity.
Sea water desaltination refers to remove the salinity in seawater, makes water after processing satisfy the treatment process of corresponding water demand.The current extra large light method that is suitable for industrialization mainly contains two kinds of distillation method (hot method) and reverse osmosis methodes (embrane method).
Distillation method comprises multistage flash evaporation method, multiple-effect distillation and vapour compression method etc., and wherein multistage flash evaporation and multi-effect distilling can utilize the low-grade steam of power plant or other factories, are two kinds of advanced persons' hot methods, and a large amount of large-scale application is arranged all over the world.
Than hot method, reverse osmosis method sea light (SWRO) has higher ratio of desalinization and lower energy consumption.The application of comparative maturity is also arranged the field relatively preferably in water quality.Along with the development gradually of membrane technique and the continuous renewal replacement of film product in the world, the continuous decrease of product price, the extra large light more and more significantly advantage that has on one-time investment and running cost of embrane method.
For the reverse osmosis method sea water desaltination, can produce a large amount of concentrated seawaters.According to present reverse osmosis seawater desalting treatment process, 1 ton of desalination water of every production can produce the strong brine more than 1.2 tons simultaneously, and the salinity of strong brine is elevated to more than 6% by 3.5% of former seawater.The direct discharging of a large amount of concentrated seawaters can cause larger impact on the water quality of surrounding sea areas, therefore, when producing the acquisition desalination water, must consider simultaneously the discharging modes of concentrated seawater and effective utilization of concentrated seawater.
It is the another kind of effective way that develops oceanic resources take seawater as waste salt.The method of preparing salt by working up seawater mainly contains three kinds: i.e. sun power method of evaporation (saltpan method), cold method and electroosmose process.Saltpan method is a kind of time-honored salt extraction process, is also the common method of still continuing to use at present.This method is to build a lot of ponds as the rice field on the bank, is used for evaporating brine.The process of salt manufacturing comprises receives tide, brewed brine, crystallization, adopts the steps such as salt, storing.Salt pan salt manufacturing is affected by environment very large, and the salinity of seawater, geographical position, rainfall amount, steam output etc. factor all can directly affect the output of salt, and soil and manpower that this method takies is also larger, need to be improved.Cold method salt manufacturing is to be located in the national a kind of technology of producing sea salt that adopts of high latitude, as the countries such as Russia, Sweden, multiplex this method salt manufacturing.When cooled with seawater seawater when the seawater freezing point (1.8 ℃) just freezes, and be pure water basically in sea ice, salt is seldom arranged, remove moisture, just equal the moisture evaporation in the method for evaporating brine, the remaining bittern that has concentrated just can salt manufacturing.Electroosmose process salt manufacturing, Japan adopts electroosmose process (ED) to produce salt since 20 century 70s, and progressively is generalized to Australia, South America and Middle East application.This method has that floor space is little, the factory site is not subjected to the natural condition restriction, production weatherproof, the purity salt that makes are high, device is easily realized the advantages such as automated operation, less investment, has development prospect widely.
Electroosmose process (ED) preparing salt by working up seawater is also to adopt the membrane separating technology, it is by having optionally ionic membrane, in the situation that device energising, can be with the sodium ion in seawater and the further concentrating and separating of chlorion, seawater is divided into concentrated seawater and brackish water two portions, and the strong brine saltiness of ED can reach more than 15%, and NaCl purity is high, be used for producing high-end purified salt and high-quality edible salt, can fill up the blank of China aspect high-end salt product; The saltiness of the light salt brine of ED is reduced to the 26000mg/l left and right by the 35000mg/l of former seawater, if the feedwater as reverse osmosis seawater desalting, can greatly reduce water consumption processed and cost, the saltiness of the concentrated seawater of SWRO generation simultaneously is lower, has avoided the impact on marine site and environment.
Therefore, embrane method salt producing craft and embrane method desalination technology are coupled, both can reduce the salt manufacturing cost, also can reduce the operation power consumption of seawater desalination system, reducing water producing cost, also effectively avoided the problem of environmental pollution of strong brine to surrounding sea areas simultaneously, is to serve multiple.Be one and alleviate the northern area of China lack of water present situation, and obtain high-quality salt to make up the effective way of China's purified salt manufacturing short slab.
The utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of high efficiency embrane method seawater distilling water-salt manufacturing material coupled system.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present utility model reaches by the following technical programs:
The material coupled system of a kind of embrane method seawater distilling water-salt manufacturing, it comprises raw water box, ultra-filtration equipment, ultrafiltration water tank, electrodialysis brine separating device, strong brine case, light salt brine case, sea-water reverse osmose desalting equipment and produces water tank; Be connected with pump by pipeline or pipeline successively between wherein said raw water box, ultra-filtration equipment, ultrafiltration water tank, electrodialysis brine separating device, light salt brine case, sea-water reverse osmose desalting equipment and product water tank, described strong brine case is connected with described electrodialysis brine separating device by pipeline.
In the material coupled system of above-mentioned embrane method seawater distilling water-salt manufacturing, be specially described ultra-filtration equipment and be connected with described ultrafiltration water tank by pipeline; Described ultrafiltration water tank is connected with described electrodialysis brine separating device with pipeline by pump; Be connected by pipeline respectively between described electrodialysis brine separating device and strong brine case and light salt brine case, described light salt brine case is connected with described sea-water reverse osmose desalting equipment with pipeline by pump, and described sea-water reverse osmose desalting equipment is connected with described product water tank by pipeline.
A kind of optimal technical scheme is characterized in that: described ultra-filtration equipment adopts hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane.
A kind of optimal technical scheme is characterized in that: described electrodialysis brine separating device adopts the monovalent ion permselective membrane that the monovalent ion in seawater is concentrated.
A kind of optimal technical scheme is characterized in that: described sea-water reverse osmose desalting equipment adopts coiled reverse osmosis membrane.
A kind of optimal technical scheme is characterized in that: described sea-water reverse osmose desalting equipment also comprises energy-recuperation system.
Adopt said system of the present utility model to carry out the coupling process method of embrane method seawater distilling water-salt manufacturing raw material, comprise the steps:
(1) the pretreated seawater of process that is stored in raw water box filters by ultra-filtration equipment, gets rid of nearly all suspended substance, particle, bacterium, virus and colloid, larger molecular organics etc., and is stored in the ultrafiltration water tank;
(2) seawater of processing through step (1) carries out monovalent ion through the electrodialysis brine separating device again and concentrates, and what described electrodialysis brine separating device adopted is the monovalent ion permselective membrane;
(3) process through step (2) light salt brine that obtains and be stored into the light salt brine case, light salt brine passes through reverse-osmosis desalination device again as the former water of sea water desaltination, gets rid of most salinities, obtains fresh water and is stored in the product water tank;
(4) process the strong brine obtain as the raw material of purified salt or salt chemical engineering through step (2), be stored in the strong brine case;
(5) process through step (3), the dense water-dispersion that the sea-water reverse osmose desalting equipment produces is discharged into the surrounding waters.
Described pre-treatment can be adopted air-float filtration or coagulating sedimentation+sand filtration etc., gets rid of most suspended substances, colloid and partial organic substances etc.
The utility model has the advantages that:
The utility model is at first to adopt ultra-filtration equipment that seawater is processed in the pretreated seawater of process, gets rid of nearly all suspended substance, particle, bacterium, virus and colloid, larger molecular organics etc.; Then utilize the monovalent ion permselective membrane that the monovalent ion in seawater is concentrated through electrodialysis unit, when obtaining high density NaCl solution, also can obtain the relatively low light salt brine of saltiness as feed water by reverse osmosis; The salinity of removing in light salt brine by reverse osmosis process again obtains fresh water.Processing by the utility model system, can obtain the raw material of purified salt or salt chemical engineering on the one hand, can obtain fresh water on the other hand, the dense water TDS of reverse-osmosis treated generation simultaneously is lower, generally be no more than 45000ppm, directly discharging can not impact surrounding sea areas and environment, develops oceanic resources for the northern area of China, extracts fresh water and high-quality salt aspect and has good using value.
Below by embodiment and accompanying drawing, the utility model is elaborated.It should be understood that described embodiment only relates to preferred embodiment of the present utility model, do not breaking away from spirit and scope situation of the present utility model, the changes and improvements of various compositions and content are all possible.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, be the schematic diagram of the material coupled system of the utility model embrane method seawater distilling water-salt manufacturing, it comprises raw water box 1, ultra-filtration equipment 2, ultrafiltration water tank 3, electrodialysis brine separating device (electrodialysis unit) 4, strong brine case 5, light salt brine case 6, sea-water reverse osmose desalting equipment (reverse osmosis unit) 7 and produces water tank 8; Wherein, be stored in raw water box 1 through pretreated seawater 0, raw water box 1 is connected with ultra-filtration equipment 2 with pipeline by pump; Ultra-filtration equipment 2 is connected with ultrafiltration water tank 3 by pipeline; Ultrafiltration water tank 3 is connected with electrodialysis brine separating device 4 with pipeline by pump; Be connected by pipeline respectively between electrodialysis brine separating device 4 and strong brine case 5 and light salt brine case 6, light salt brine case 6 is connected with sea-water reverse osmose desalting equipment 7 with pipeline by pump, sea-water reverse osmose desalting equipment 7 is connected with product water tank 8 by pipeline, and sea-water reverse osmose desalting equipment 7 carries out reverse osmosis concentrated water discharging 9 by pipeline.
Ultra-filtration equipment 2 adopts hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane, and electrodialysis brine separating device 4 adopts the monovalent ion permselective membrane that the monovalent ion in seawater is concentrated, and sea-water reverse osmose desalting equipment 7 adopts coiled reverse osmosis membrane.
Further, sea-water reverse osmose desalting equipment 7 also comprises energy-recuperation system.
As shown in Figure 2, for adopting the process flow sheet of the material coupled system of the utility model embrane method seawater distilling water-salt manufacturing, it comprises the steps:
(1) seawater is transported to pretreatment system, simultaneously add sterilant (as clorox), coagulating agent (as polymerize aluminum chloride or iron trichloride) and coagulant aids (as polyacrylamide) in water inlet, carry out air-float filtration or coagulating sedimentation and sand filtration and process;
Be stored in filtered water tank (being raw water box) through pretreated seawater, then carry out ultrafiltration in service pump and Pipeline transport to two ultrafiltration (UF) device, get rid of nearly all suspended substance, particle, bacterium, virus and colloid, larger molecular organics etc., and be stored in the ultrafiltration water tank; Ultra-filtration equipment adopts hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane, and as PVDF external pressure type hollow fiber ultra-filtration membrane, model is SMT600-P50, mean pore size 0.1 μ m, effective film area 50m
2
(2) seawater of processing through step (1) arrives electrodialysis (ED) brine separating device through service pump and Pipeline transport, carry out monovalent ion concentrated, the electrodialysis brine separating device adopts the monovalent ion permselective membrane, uses 300 pairs of monolithic membrane areas to be 0.25m as common
2Electrodialytic membranes, can make the monovalent ions such as sodium ion in seawater, chlorion concentrate in the strong brine side and discharge, and the light salt brine that contains other ions is discharged from the light salt brine side;
(3) process through step (2) light salt brine that obtains and be stored into the light salt brine case, light salt brine installs to sea-water reverse osmose desalination (SWRO) through lift pump, SWRO high-pressure pump and Pipeline transport successively as the former water of sea water desaltination, add simultaneously Scale inhibitors and reductive agent in water inlet, process through the sea-water reverse osmose desalting equipment, get rid of most salinities, obtain fresh water and be stored in the product water tank; The sea-water reverse osmose desalting equipment adopts coiled reverse osmosis membrane, is 400ft as adopting the effective film area
2Rolling reverse osmosis ultralow pressure seawater film, effectively the separating layer material is aromatic polyamides, light salt brine is made further salt solution separate;
(4) process through step (2) strong brine that obtains and be stored in the strong brine case, as the raw material of purified salt or salt chemical engineering;
(5) process through step (3), the dense water-dispersion that the sea-water reverse osmose desalting equipment produces is discharged into the surrounding waters.
The sea-water reverse osmose desalting equipment also can comprise energy-recuperation system.Adopt the energy recycle device of Work-exchange type can utilize the residual pressure of reverse osmosis concentrated water to exchange the feed water by reverse osmosis supercharging by high efficiency merit, thereby reduce the energy consumption of whole reverse osmosis system.As shown in Figure 2, the light salt brine side of energy recycle device is connected with the topping-up pump inlet duct with SWRO lift pump pump discharge small transfer line respectively; Dense water side is connected with the concentrated water discharge pipeline with the reverse osmosis high-pressure thick waterpipe respectively.
Enter ultrafiltration (UF) system through pretreated seawater, can get rid of nearly all suspended substance, particle, bacterium, virus and colloid, larger molecular organics etc.; The seawater of processing through UF enters electrodialysis (ED) brine separating device, and the sodium ion in seawater and chlorion is concentrated, and strong brine is as the raw material of purified salt or salt chemical engineering, and light salt brine enters subsequent disposal as the former water of sea water desaltination; Light salt brine enters sea-water reverse osmose (SWRO) desalting equipment, gets rid of most salts, obtains fresh water; The total salinity of the dense water of SWRO is not discharged and can be impacted surrounding sea areas and environment by dispersion lower than 45000ppm.So, through above-mentioned art breading, not only can obtain the raw material of high-quality purified salt or salt chemical engineering and high-quality fresh water, avoided simultaneously the negative impact of SWRO strong brine to the marine ecosystem environment, can also the decrease preparing salt by working up seawater and the cost of sea water desaltination, particularly have good use value for the northern China water-deficient area.
Adopted systems technology of the present utility model in Beijing's new forms of energy and desalination technology innovative demonstration project.This sea water desaltination project can be divided into by functional block: seawater pre-treatment part, ultra-filtration filters part, concentrated seawater Extraction parts, reverse osmosis desalination desalination part.
1. design basis
(1) seawater quality
Ion |
Concentration [mg/L] |
K
+ |
376 |
Na
+ |
10155 |
Ca
2+ |
389 |
Mg
2+ |
1216 |
CO
3 2- |
23 |
HCO
3 - |
142 |
Cl
- |
18248 |
SO
4 2- |
2557 |
Total dissolved solidss (TDS) |
33?106 |
Temperature (degrees C) |
0-28 |
Boron |
4.19 |
COD |
0.8--2.4 |
Total suspended solid(s) (TSS) (TSS) |
2.5-340 |
Remarks: this project adopts Chinese Seawater of Bohai Bay, and shown in water quality was as above shown, wherein the maximum 35000mg/L that presses of total dissolved solidss considered, minimum seawater water temperature (consideration heat exchange) is by designing more than 10 ℃.
(2) product water water quality
The finished product water water quality reaches " GB5749-2006 drinking water sanitary standard ".
(3) communal facility condition
The base: the base floor space is 800m approximately
2, the about 600m of plant area wherein
2
Water intaking: water withdrawal is 550m
3/ d;
Power supply: frequency: 50Hz; Voltage 380V/220V;
Power load: productive power is 90kwh approximately, and other electricity consumptions are 30kwh approximately;
Source of the gas: come from process unit in project.
(4) scale of the project
Sea-water-desalination water producing amount: 200 ton per days;
Strong brine tripping device processing power: 50 ton per days;
Ultrafiltration system filters the water yield: 480 ton per days;
Pretreatment system is processed the water yield: 550 ton per days;
2. treatment process and equipment
(1) sea water preprocessing part.
Because former water suspension content is frequent, variation range is larger, consider simultaneously the generation of red tide, therefore before carrying out membrane filtration, be necessary at first seawater to be advanced the processing such as pre-filtering, with remove suspended substance in the seawater water inlet, oil, grease, colloid, organism or other can stop up, the material of damage, contaminate subsequent ultra-filtration membrane and reverse osmosis membrane.
Add sterilant, coagulating agent, coagulant aids in seawater, after processing through pretreatment system, be stored in raw water box 1 through pretreated seawater 0.
Pre-treatment partial design parameter:
Process the water yield: 550m
3/ d
Auxiliary water ratio:<2%
Effluent quality: suspended substance:<3mg/l;
Turbidity:<5NTU;
COD clearance: 20-50%.
(2) ultrafiltration (UF) part.
Ultra-filtration equipment can be removed suspended substance, particle, bacterium, virus and part colloid in water inlet, larger molecular organics etc., its water outlet SDI substantially
15Index less than 3 has guaranteed the steady running of follow-up reverse osmosis unit effectively.
Entering the subsequent ultrafiltration device through purifying waste water of pre-treatment partially disposed through the UF service pump filters, it is temporary that after filter, water enters ultrafiltration product water tank, cartridge filter was set, in case leak-stopping sand is on the infringement of ultra-filtration membrane and the impact of ultra-filtration equipment water production rate before ultra-filtration equipment.
Ultra-filtration equipment arranges 2 covers, every cover 100% scale of exerting oneself, and the ultrafiltration rate of recovery is designed to 90%, both can adopt the dead-end filtration operation scheme, also can adopt the cross flow filter operation scheme.In addition, system arranges the subsystem of a cover hyperfiltration reverse-rinsing and EFM/CIP matting, and the water source is from ultrafiltration or reverse osmosis produced water tank.The filtration of ultra-filtration equipment, gas/water mixing backwash and matting are all taked automatic control mode, not only guarantee system's operating safety, reduce simultaneously manipulation strength, and cost reduces the personnel to operate.
The ultrafiltration system design variable:
Clean water production rate: 10m
3/ h/ cover
Device quantity: 2 covers
Average clean permeant flux:>50L/ (m
2h)
The rate of recovery:>90%
Allow to clean pH value scope: 1-13
Product water turbidity:<0.2NTU
Product water SDI:<2.5
(3) seawater strong brine separate part
Salt water tripping device (ED technology) is also to adopt the membrane separating technology, it is by having optionally ion separation membrane of 1-1 valency, in the situation that device energising, can be with the sodium ion in seawater and the further concentrating and separating of chlorion, seawater is divided into concentrated seawater and brackish water two portions, the strong brine saltiness of ED can reach more than 15%, and NaCl purity is high, is used for producing the raw material of high-end purified salt and high-quality edible salt or salt chemical engineering; The saltiness of the light salt brine of ED is reduced to the 26000mg/l left and right by the 35000mg/l of former seawater, as the feedwater of reverse osmosis seawater desalting, can greatly reduce water consumption processed.
Design ED device 1 cover, the rate of recovery approximately 90% sent the product water of ultrafiltration into the ED device by the ED service pump, wherein accounts for the strong brine of amount of inlet water 10% as purified salt or salt chemical engineering raw material; Other 90% has passed through the partially desalted light salt brine of ED, as the feedwater of sea water desaltination, enters ED product water tank temporary.
(4) reverse osmosis seawater desalting (SWRO) part
The seawater desalination reverse osmosis device has high desalting ability, is topmost desalting plant in this project.The seawater desalination reverse osmosis system comprises reverse osmosis feedwater pump, high-pressure pump, energy recycle device and topping-up pump, sea-water reverse osmose apparatus, reverse osmosis flushing and cleaning system, reverse osmosis medicine system by 2 row configurations.
The seawater desalination reverse osmosis design variable:
System's water production rate: 100m
3/ d * 2
System recoveries rate: 45%--50%
System's flooding quantity: 223--200m
3/ d * 2
Design columns: 2 row
Film average design water flux: 16L/m
2h
Produce water water quality: reach " GB5749-2006 drinking water sanitary standard ".
3. conclusion
(1) native system through pre-treatment and uf processing to seawater, is got rid of suspended substance, grease, particle, bacterium, virus and part colloid, larger molecular organics, makes to process the satisfied requirement that enters electrodialysis and reverse osmosis of rear seawater.
(2) through electrodialysis appts, utilize the monovalent ion permselective membrane efficiently the monovalent ions such as the chlorion in seawater and sodium ion to be concentrated, thereby obtain strong brine as purified salt or salt chemical engineering raw material, and reduce the saltiness of light salt brine.
(3) light salt brine that comes from electrodialysis unit enters reverse osmosis unit to carry out desalting treatment and can obtain fresh water.
(4) native system is coupled embrane method salt producing craft and embrane method desalination technology, both can reduce the salt manufacturing cost, also can reduce the operation power consumption of seawater desalination system, reduce water producing cost, simultaneously also effectively having avoided the problem of environmental pollution of strong brine to surrounding sea areas, is to serve multiple.Has good using value aspect fresh water and high-quality salt utilizing seawater to extract.