CN203259103U - Testing device of stem flexibility - Google Patents
Testing device of stem flexibility Download PDFInfo
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- CN203259103U CN203259103U CN 201320246350 CN201320246350U CN203259103U CN 203259103 U CN203259103 U CN 203259103U CN 201320246350 CN201320246350 CN 201320246350 CN 201320246350 U CN201320246350 U CN 201320246350U CN 203259103 U CN203259103 U CN 203259103U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a testing device of stem flexibility; the testing device comprises a support rod; a support seat is fixed on the top of one side of the support rod, a roller is fixed on the bottom of the support rod, and a bearing hole is arranged on the other side of the support rod; a bearing is arranged in the bearing hole; the bearing hole of the bearing is provided with a balance scale support seat plugged with the bearing for rotation cooperation; the bottom of the balance scale support seat is welded with a balance scale pedestal in one body, and the top of the balance scale support seat is fixedly connected with the bottom of a balance scale support rod; the top of the balance scale support rod is hinged to a middle point of a balancing rod; two sides of the balancing rod are provided with low-hanging discs in a mirror image manner; two end portions of the balancing rod are provided with fine tuning screw nuts; the top of the support seat is fixed with a vertical ruler; and the vertical ruler is respectively sleeved with an upper ruler sliding piece and a lower ruler sliding piece both in sliding cooperation with the vertical ruler. The testing device of stem flexibility is simple in structure, reasonable in design, smart in concept, can detect and test a whole plant living body crop sample, and tested results are stable and reliable.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to agriculture experiment appliance field, is specifically related to a kind of measurement mechanism of stem stalk amount of deflection.
Background technology
The lodging phenomenon of stem stalk crop not only has a strong impact on the output of crop, also affects the operation effectiveness of relevant harvest machinery, so one of important goal that the lodging resistance of raising crop stem is the breeder to be pursued.Relevant scholar has done a large amount of research to plant lodging both at home and abroad, has obtained many achievements.
From the mechanics angle, lodging is exactly stem stalk this special " member ", " inefficacy " phenomenon of the ability of losing the job under load.Obviously, on macroscopic view, stem stalk " lodging " is a kind of Mechanics Phenomenon, so, should go to analyze with theory of mechanics and method.
At present, main evaluation method and index mainly contain following several
1, estimate and study lodging with stem stalk " lodging index " (lodging index):
This is the widely used evaluation index of worker of learning to farm both at home and abroad at present.Because principle is simple, experimental technique is grasped easily, is used widely in agronomy worker's research.
But this class " lodging index " has multiplely, and the physical meaning of variety classes " lodging index " is not identical.Carefully analyze these lodging index from the mechanics angle, the value of each mechanical quantity all is to calculate or test acquisition according to " transversal force is crooked " model in the great majority " lodging index ", and the mechanical model of this " transversal force is crooked " actual conditions obvious and crop stem " vertically pressurized " are not inconsistent.Strong, the such fundamental physical quantity of length illustrate that " lodging index " information content is few in most " lodging index " calculating formulas; The composition and configuration of these fundamental quantities in calculating formula do not pass through tight mechanical analysis in addition, just according to some basic mechanical principles, put into calculating formula (as: value to the arm of force when calculating various moment is not rigorous) with heuristics, so the information content that " lodging index " contained is few, physical meaning is unclear, lack the theory of mechanics foundation, therefore " lodging index " this evaluation index can not reflect reasonably that various factors is on the weight of stem stalk lodging impact.
From its defective below rigorous mechanics angle analysis " lodging index " existence
(1) the version kind of " lodging index " is more, and physical meaning is chaotic.Run counter to " having the failure phenomenon of common trait that the key concept of common reason is arranged surely ".
Because, the basic skills of with strength theory member being set up failure condition in the mechanics is: think that the failure phenomenon with common trait has common reason, but, the version kind of " lodging index " is more, even the lodging to the same crop, different researchers, the physical meaning of " lodging index " of use is not identical yet.Namely " lodging index " has the calculating formula of miscellaneous editions, and physical parameter used in the calculating formula of different editions is inconsistent, and the implication of each parameter is not with to obtain the data experiment method identical yet.
(2) " lodging index " used mechanical model is the mechanical model of " transversal force crooked ", and obviously, the actual conditions of this and crop stem " longitudinal and transverse pressurized, longitudinal loading are main " are not inconsistent.
Value of respectively measuring in the great majority " lodging index " all is to calculate and test acquisition according to " transversal force is crooked " model, the mechanical model of this " transversal force is crooked ", and actual loading situation obvious and crop stem is not inconsistent.In addition, the mechanical model of this " transversal force is crooked " is identical with the bending strength of testing the stem stalk with the material mechanics experiment machine, so, so-called in " lodging index " " stem stalk physical strength " is the same with the bending strength character of stem stalk material, it all is a kind of intensity index, can only be used for estimating the Problem of Failure of bending strength, and crop stem is mainly lower in continuous " longitudinal loading " effect, its phenomenon that lodging occurs is mainly to be the problem of stability inefficacy.
(3) parameter that contains in " lodging index " calculating formula is few, and the composition and configuration of each parameter in calculating formula do not pass through tight mechanical analysis, so, can not reflect comprehensively, reasonably that each basic parameter affects the weight of stem stalk lodging.
Strong, the such fundamental physical quantity of length illustrate that " lodging index " information content is few in most " lodging index " calculating formulas; The composition and configuration of these fundamental quantities in calculating formula do not pass through tight mechanical analysis in addition, just according to some basic mechanical principles, put into calculating formula so that " lodging index " can not reflect reasonably that each fundamental quantity affects the weight of stem stalk lodging with heuristics.
2, rely on the material mechanical performance testing machine to analyze the mechanical property of crop stem material:
This method mainly is that the mechanics worker uses.Usually all be to rely on the material mechanical performance testing machine, the close root of sectionalization test test is (during plant lodging, the stem stalk fractures or the position of bending easily) every mechanical performance index of several stipes, the correlativity of these indexs and lodging is then estimated and study to (every mechanical performance index such as tension, resistance to compression, antitorque, bending resistance, shearing resistance) by statistical study.This method has certain effect, but also has following some problem:
(1) the material mechanical performance testing machine can only record the various pi of strength of stem stalk part material, and lodging is the plant global behavior, and mainly is the problem that stability lost efficacy.
By these measured mechanical performance indexs of material mechanical performance testing machine, what relate generally to is (pulling strengrth, compression strenght, shear resistance, torsional strength, bending strength etc.) various pi of strength of stem stalk.And (there are some researches show also) that in fact the lodging of crop stem is mainly to be the problem that stability lost efficacy.The composition that Strength Failure is also arranged simultaneously.
(2) material mechanical performance segment that testing machine can only be divided into the stem stalk then tries piecemeal, and generally can only survey the several stipes near root, can not be take whole plants as tested object.
Survey these mechanical performance indexs of stem stalk by the material mechanical performance testing machine, must remove fringe, leaf, the stem stalk is divided into segment, piecemeal then examination.Because range, the precision of various experimental machine are limit, not that each section can both be surveyed, the just stem stalk of main test is near several stipes of root.Yet the lodging of crop is the global behavior of the whole plant of crop, should be enough relevant with performance and the one-piece construction shape at each position of whole plant, and theory of mechanics classifies as rod member integrally bending, the phenomenon that collapses the problem that stability lost efficacy already.And the material mechanical performance testing machine can not be take whole plants as tested object.
In addition, this method needs the discreteness information that records is piecemeal done various statistical study, could determine the correlativity of these indexs and lodging.Like this might be so that various information distortion, lose or twist, thus the error judging and estimate appears, even make erroneous judgement.In addition, this method requires the user that mechanical knowledge and the mathematical knowledge on certain basis are arranged.
(3) material mechanical test machine is bulky, and is expensive and can not carry out on-the-spot test in the field of the unregulated power energy.
Experiment will be used material mechanical test machine, want the more time, the researchist also will possess many-sided knowledge expertises such as mechanics, Crop Science, mathematics, be difficult to allow most field production operation personnel grasp, again because material mechanical test machine is expensive and can not test in the field of the unregulated power energy.
More than these have all limited range of application and the popularization of this method.
3, estimate and study lodging take " critical force " of stem stalk as index:
This method and theory only adopted (seeing several agricultural engineering class publications) in the scholars' that partly are engaged in fundamental mechanics research, and almost were not used in agronomists' research (seeing all kinds of Acta Agronomica Sinicas and publication).The subject matter of this method is:
(1) this " critical force " used mechanical model is " desired center depression bar ", and is too large with the crop stem gap.
" critical force " of estimating at present lodging is as the mechanical model of stem stalk, to press small deflection theory take " desired center depression bar ", derives out with energy method.That is to say that this " critical force " is the minimum longitudinal pressure P that makes " desired center depression bar " depression bar generation slight curves or inclination
Cr
Because the depression bar that " desired center depression bar " (also claim improve depression bar) thought is without initial curvature, do not have that pressure is eccentric, material evenly, without any the desirable depression bar of defective, the differing greatly of this and actual crop stem.So, estimate the index that crop stem lodges with " critical force " conduct of this ideal model, obviously improper.
(2) " critical force " of " desired center depression bar " can only be used for the Problem of Failure of buckling coefficient, the problem that claims again bifurcation buckling (bifurcated buckling), the ideally just meaningful of " small deflection " only occurs at depression bar in " critical force " of its correspondence.Obviously, " amount of deflection " during the crop stem lodging can not be " small deflection ", so " critical force " of this " desired center depression bar " can not be used for estimating the lodging of crop stem.
(3) " critical force " of this " desired center depression bar " do not have experiment and measuring method, is the theoretical result who derives and draw, so this index is difficult to be widely used.
(4) " critical force " majority of this " desired center depression bar " is to obtain in the expression formula of using " energy method " to derive.When deriving the expression formula of this type of " critical force " with " energy method ", need to presuppose " line of deflection " equation of a reflection crop stem shape.This equation should more conform to stem stalk actual curved shape, and it is more accurate to obtain the result.And the shape (equation) of " line of deflection " in Different Crop stem stalk when growth is different.In the at present relevant research of " critical force ", all reality " line of deflection " shape of crop stem growth was not done research.The shape (equation) of " line of deflection " that presupposes is all without any foundation, and this is so that the confidence level decline of this what is called " critical force ".
The utility model content
The utility model purpose provides a kind of measurement mechanism of stem stalk amount of deflection, and it can solve existing problem in the background technology effectively.
In order to solve existing problem in the background technology, it comprises cradling piece, be fixed with bearing above one side of this cradling piece, be fixed with roller below it, the opposite side of described cradling piece offers dead eye, in this dead eye bearing is installed, be provided with in the dead eye of this bearing with its grafting and be rotatably assorted the sky flat bearing, lower end and the balance base of described day flat bearing are integrally welded, its upper end is fixedly connected with the lower end of balance support bar, point articulated in the upper end of described balance support bar and the balance stem, the both sides mirror image of described balance stem is provided with the dish of lower extension, the end of its both sides is provided with fine-tuning nut, the upper end of described bearing is fixed with vertical scale, overlapping respectively on this vertical scale has upper scale slide block and the lower scale slide block that is slidingly matched with it, is provided with a upper scale that cooperates with its pull in the described upper scale slide block, is provided with a lower scale that cooperates with its pull in the described lower scale slide block.
The center of described balance stem upper end is provided with clamping device.
One end of described upper scale is socketed with the upper rotation angle disk that is slidingly matched with it, is provided with a upper probe that cooperates with its pull on this in the rotation angle disk.
One end of described lower scale is socketed with the lower rotation angle disk that is slidingly matched with it, is provided with a lower probe that cooperates with its pull in this time rotation angle disk.
Described balance stem is provided with the balance bubble.
Owing to adopted above technical scheme, the utlity model has following beneficial effect: simple in structure, reasonable in design, be skillfully constructed, can detect test to whole strain live body crop sample, and detected result is reliable and stable.
Description of drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the utility model, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiment is done simple introduction.
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present utility model.
Embodiment
For technological means, creation characteristic that the utility model is realized, reach purpose and effect is easy to understand, the accompanying drawing below in conjunction with among the utility model embodiment is clearly and completely described the technical scheme among the utility model embodiment.
Referring to Fig. 1, this embodiment is to be achieved by the following technical solutions, it comprises cradling piece 1, be fixed with bearing 2 above one side of this cradling piece 1, be fixed with roller 3 below it, the opposite side of described cradling piece 1 offers dead eye, bearing 4 is installed in this dead eye, be provided with in the dead eye of this bearing 4 with its grafting and be rotatably assorted the sky flat bearing 7, lower end and the balance base 5 of described day flat bearing 7 are integrally welded, its upper end is fixedly connected with the lower end of balance support bar 8, point articulated in the upper end of described balance support bar 8 and the balance stem 9, the both sides mirror image of described balance stem 9 is provided with the dish 10 of lower extension, the end of its both sides is provided with fine-tuning nut 12, and the upper end of described bearing 2 is fixed with vertical scale 13, and overlapping respectively on this vertical scale 13 has upper scale slide block 14 and the lower scale slide block 15 that is slidingly matched with it, be provided with a upper scale 16 that cooperates with its pull in the described upper scale slide block 14, be provided with a lower scale 17 that cooperates with its pull in the described lower scale slide block 15.
The center of described balance stem 9 upper ends is provided with clamping device 11.
One end of described upper scale 16 is socketed with the upper rotation angle disk 18 that is slidingly matched with it, is provided with a upper probe 19 that cooperates with its pull on this in the rotation angle disk 18.
One end of described lower scale 17 is socketed with the lower rotation angle disk 20 that is slidingly matched with it, is provided with a lower probe 21 that cooperates with its pull in this time rotation angle disk.
Described balance stem 9 is provided with the balance bubble.
Be further elaborated below in conjunction with principle of work and the operating process of Figure of description to this embodiment: keep live body (comprising stem, fringe, leaf, root and part root earth) to be transplanted in the small container crop that collects, be placed in the clamping device 11 small container and clamping, adjust the level of balance stem 9 by the dish 10 on the balance stem 9, clamping device 11, fine-tuning nut 12 and bubble, can better imitate the state of crop in the field growing process; Then the needle point of upper scale 16 and lower scale 17 and rotate or slide upper probe 19 and lower probe 21 supreme probes 19 or lower probe 21 of sliding points to the stem stalk a bit, just readable numerical value of calculating the coordinate of this point, during measurement, to measure first 0 coordinate, and put as initial point (0 take this, 0) calculates the relative coordinate (ω of other each points, x), on sliding in scale 16 and lower scale 17 processes, make probe 19 can visit the stem stalk from different impeller clearances with lower probe 21, touch blade when avoiding measuring, the stem stalk is swung do not stop and affect detection data.Bearing 2 can drive each scale by roller 3 and can rotate around vertical axes x, no matter where crop stem arrives around the x axis oscillating like this, each scale can forward to and the coplanar position of stem stalk sag curve, to guarantee to detect maximum defluxion and the corresponding ordinate x thereof of each point.
It should be noted that at last: above embodiment only in order to the technical solution of the utility model to be described, is not intended to limit; Although with reference to previous embodiment the utility model is had been described in detail, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, it still can be made amendment to the technical scheme that aforementioned each embodiment puts down in writing, and perhaps part technical characterictic wherein is equal to replacement; And these modifications or replacement do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution break away from the spirit and scope of each embodiment technical scheme of the utility model.
Claims (5)
1. the measurement mechanism of a stem stalk amount of deflection, it is characterized in that it comprises cradling piece, be fixed with bearing above one side of this cradling piece, be fixed with roller below it, the opposite side of described cradling piece offers dead eye, in this dead eye bearing is installed, be provided with in the dead eye of this bearing with its grafting and be rotatably assorted the sky flat bearing, lower end and the balance base of described day flat bearing are integrally welded, its upper end is fixedly connected with the lower end of balance support bar, point articulated in the upper end of described balance support bar and the balance stem, the both sides mirror image of described balance stem is provided with the dish of lower extension, the end of its both sides is provided with fine-tuning nut, the upper end of described bearing is fixed with vertical scale, overlapping respectively on this vertical scale has upper scale slide block and the lower scale slide block that is slidingly matched with it, is provided with a upper scale that cooperates with its pull in the described upper scale slide block, is provided with a lower scale that cooperates with its pull in the described lower scale slide block.
2. the measurement mechanism of a kind of stem stalk amount of deflection according to claim 1 is characterized in that the center of described balance stem upper end is provided with clamping device.
3. the measurement mechanism of a kind of stem stalk amount of deflection according to claim 1 is characterized in that an end of described upper scale is socketed with the upper rotation angle disk that is slidingly matched with it, is provided with a upper probe that cooperates with its pull on this in the rotation angle disk.
4. the measurement mechanism of a kind of stem stalk amount of deflection according to claim 1 is characterized in that an end of described lower scale is socketed with the lower rotation angle disk that is slidingly matched with it, is provided with a lower probe that cooperates with its pull in this time rotation angle disk.
5. the measurement mechanism of a kind of stem stalk amount of deflection according to claim 1 is characterized in that described balance stem is provided with the balance bubble.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 201320246350 CN203259103U (en) | 2013-04-23 | 2013-04-23 | Testing device of stem flexibility |
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| CN 201320246350 CN203259103U (en) | 2013-04-23 | 2013-04-23 | Testing device of stem flexibility |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104090026A (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2014-10-08 | 天津大学 | Device capable of enabling ultrasonic transducer to horizontally and vertically move |
| CN104407058A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-03-11 | 天津大学 | Fixing device of ultrasonic transducer for detecting quality of medium-small-sized concrete test block |
| CN108303316A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-07-20 | 广东省农业科学院水稻研究所 | A kind of crop stalk penetrometer resistance automatic measuring instrument |
-
2013
- 2013-04-23 CN CN 201320246350 patent/CN203259103U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104090026A (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2014-10-08 | 天津大学 | Device capable of enabling ultrasonic transducer to horizontally and vertically move |
| CN104407058A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-03-11 | 天津大学 | Fixing device of ultrasonic transducer for detecting quality of medium-small-sized concrete test block |
| CN108303316A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-07-20 | 广东省农业科学院水稻研究所 | A kind of crop stalk penetrometer resistance automatic measuring instrument |
| CN108303316B (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2023-08-08 | 广东省农业科学院水稻研究所 | Automatic measuring instrument for lodging-resistant strength of crop stems |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20131030 Termination date: 20140423 |