CN203256697U - 过滤型生态混凝土排水渠 - Google Patents
过滤型生态混凝土排水渠 Download PDFInfo
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- CN203256697U CN203256697U CN 201320195722 CN201320195722U CN203256697U CN 203256697 U CN203256697 U CN 203256697U CN 201320195722 CN201320195722 CN 201320195722 CN 201320195722 U CN201320195722 U CN 201320195722U CN 203256697 U CN203256697 U CN 203256697U
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
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- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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Abstract
本实用新型属于面源污染控制工程领域，公开了一种过滤型生态混凝土排水渠，包括渠体，所述的渠体为混凝土结构，其横截面为梯形；所述渠体底部设置有过滤箱，过滤箱沿渠体长度方向间隔错位布设，所述渠体内设置有生态浮床、水体溢流调节阀。本实用新型结构简单实用，制造成本低廉，布设方便，实用高效，运行维护简单便捷，且对农田径流水氮、磷吸附能力强，可有效解决周边水体富营养化严重的问题，应用推广性强。
Description
过滤型生态混凝土排水渠
技术领域
[0001] 本实用新型属于面源污染控制工程领域，尤其涉及了一种过滤型生态混凝土排水渠。
背景技术
[0002] 农田面源污染是指在农田生产活动中，氮素和磷素等营养物质、农药以及其他有机或无机污染物质，随着降水或灌溉过程，通过农田的地表径流和农田渗漏而形成的环境污染，主要包括化肥污染、农药污染、畜禽粪便污染、农田固体废弃物污染等。随着农田种植过程中肥料用量的不断增加，农田土壤中氮、磷含量及氮、磷流失量不断增加，造成了农田土壤及水体环境污染加剧。目前，农业面源污染已成为我国湖泊、河流等水体富营养化的主要原因，而农田面源污染由于区域大、范围广、难治理，成为农业面源污染中重要因素。
[0003] 相关研究表明，农田氮、磷的流失主要是通过农田径流流失或淋洗渗漏流失等途径，控制农田径流污染的生态拦截技术是从迁移途经上对农田面源污染进行控制，主要包括湿地工程技术、生态沟渠技术、滨岸缓冲带控制技术和人工多水塘技术等，其中湿地工程技术、人工多水塘技术对农田周边自然环境要求较高，且需占据大量农田土地，投入成本也较高。近年来，针对农田生态拦截技术研究较多，如:例如:公开号为CN102094407A的发明专利，申请号为201010616311，名称为农田径流污染生态拦截沟渠，涉及一种集农田排水与防控农田非点源污染于一体的农田径流污染生态拦截沟渠，但该沟渠系统结构较复杂，大面积农田应用成本较高；公开号为CN102211820A的发明专利，申请号为201110079288，名称为一种面源污染治理方法，涉及一种采用菌根技术治理面源污染的方法，能够强化面源污染截留工程中植物营养物质吸收能力和吸收效率，但此发明中菌根技术的生产、应用与推广性均有很强限制性；公开号为CN1823564A的发明专利，申请号为200610037908.5，名称为菜地土壤氮磷径流控制生态拦截方法，涉及一种菜地土壤氮磷径流控制生态拦截方法，采用构建生态拦截带及拦截沟，但生态拦截带建造需占用较多的土地面积。以上研究应用局限性较大，技术投入成本较高，推广难度较大，且我国农田普遍存在主要排水渠道为混凝土结构沟渠，针对此种沟渠排水系统面源拦截方面的研究较少。
发明内容
[0004] 本实用新型针对现有技术中存在的缺点，提供了一种简单高效、实用经济、易于维护、便于推广的防治农田面源污染的过滤型生态混凝土排水渠，可解决农田地块混凝土结构排水渠较难实现面源污染拦截的问题，有效拦截农田种植排水中N、P等营养元素，从而遏制周边水体富营养化严重的问题。
[0005] 为了解决上述技术问题，本实用新型通过下述技术方案得以解决:
[0006] 过滤型生态混凝土排水渠，包括渠体，所述的渠体为混凝土结构，其横截面为梯形；所述渠体底部设置有过滤箱，过滤箱沿渠体长度方向间隔错位布设，内部填充有高吸收氮磷的陶粒、砂石，所述渠体内设置有生态浮床，其形状为长方形，尺寸可根据渠道尺寸设定，其结构为成型环保PE材料，浮床上种植对N、P等营养元素具有高效吸收能力且环境适应性强的多年生水生植物。
[0007] 作为优选，所述的渠体内布设有水体溢流调节阀，调节阀高度稍高于排水渠日常水面高度。该溢流调节阀能够有效控制排水渠中水量，降低水体流速，增加水体水力停留时间，促进水体中泥沙的沉降，增强过滤箱及生物浮床对农田排水氮、磷等营养元素的吸附、吸收作用，降低农田径流水排水量，从而增进渠道对农田排水面源污染的过滤、拦截效果。
[0008] 作为优选，所述的相邻两个过滤箱之间的距离为50-200cm。
[0009] 作为优选，所述的过滤箱的宽度占渠体底部宽度的50-60%，高度高于渠道日常水位。
[0010] 作为优选，所述的过滤箱箱体四壁由网状铁丝结构构成，过滤箱内部填充有高吸收氮磷的陶粒、砂石，并采用纱网包裹，防止其随水流冲走。由于过滤箱中基质材料对农田排水氮、磷等营养元素的吸附具有饱和性，因此，每季度需对过滤箱中基质进行更换，以保证过滤箱对氮、磷等营养物质的持续高效吸收性。
[0011] 作为优选，所述的生态浮床内搭配种植有泽苔(Caldesiaparnassifolias、、路易斯安娜鳶 f^(Lristectorum)、菖蒲 iAcoruscalamus Linn)香燕草(Jfydrocotylevu lgari s )、聚草 Qfyri ophyllumspi ca turn )。
[0012] 本实用新型由于采用了以上技术方案，具有显著的技术效果:
[0013] (I)沟渠设计简单、实用，能够有效解决农田地块混凝土结构排水渠较难实现面源污染拦截的问题，可以与农田沟渠相结合，在现有渠道基础上进行改造，不需另外占用农田土地，且建造成本合理。
[0014] (2)过滤箱结构简单实 用，制造成本低廉，布设方便，运行维护简单便捷，且对农田径流水氮、磷吸附能力强。
[0015] (3)生态浮床的设置为混凝土渠道融入生态拦截手段，且所选草种有着很强的环境适应能力、繁殖能力、氮磷吸收能力，并有着较好的耐受性，且种植成本较低，易于收割、维护，景观美化性强，能够提升生态沟渠对氮、磷等营养元素的消纳能力。
[0016] (4)水体溢流调节闸的设置可有效增加沟渠中农田排水的水力停留时间，促进水体中泥沙的沉降，充分提升渠道对氮、磷等营养物质的吸收、吸附能力。
[0017] (5)本实用新型日常运行、维护成本合理，简单便捷，推广应用性强。
附图说明
[0018] 图1是本实用新型排水渠横断面示意图；
[0019] 图2是本实用新型排水渠整体布设结构示意图。
具体实施方式
[0020] 下面结合附图1至附图2与实施例对本实用新型作进一步详细描述:
[0021] 实施例1
[0022] 在以本发明为前提下进行实施，以太湖流域某典型蔬菜集约化种植基地为示范对象。
[0023] 如图1所示，该蔬菜基地主排水渠结构为混凝土沟渠，全长720米，渠道上宽2米，下宽I米，横断面为梯形，在渠道两侧分布有若干农田排水入口，因此，可直接利用原有渠道进行过滤型生态混凝土排水渠改造。
[0024] 如图2所示，其为过滤型生态混凝土排水渠结构布设平面图。在农田排水口下游农田排水排入此排水渠渠段以及排水渠中重污染渠段蛇形布设对农田废水氮、磷具有一定过滤功能的简易过滤箱1，箱体四壁由网状铁丝结构构成，尺寸为长60cm、宽40cm、高40cm,其固定在渠底，内部填充高吸收氮磷的陶粒、砂石等基质材料。在沟渠中分段布设生态浮床2，其结构为成型环保PE材料，尺寸为长150cm、宽80cm，浮床上搭配种植具有良好净水效果，较强耐污能力，便于收割及较高景观价值的水生植被:泽苔(Caldesiaparnassi folias )^ 路易斯安効β 鳶尾(Lris tec torum ) > 菖蒲(AcoruscalamusLinn)香燕草(Hydroco tyle vu lgari 51)、聚草(Myri ophyllumspi ca turn )。在渠道中分段布设水体溢流调节阀3，根据排水沟渠水量情况及日常水位，调节阀高度设置为30cm。
[0025] 经统计，在示范区经过两年有效的运行、维护，与2010年相比，2012年全年入河氮污染负荷减排33%，入河磷污染负荷减排41%，排水量减少23%，在农田原有沟渠基础上进行生态沟渠改造，不仅达到有效改善示范区农田排水水质，遏制周边水体富营养化加剧的作用，同时提升示范区景观效果，节约农田土地资源，防止农田水土流失，达到因地制宜、成本合理、实用高效、保持水土、维护便捷的效果。
[0026] 总之，以上所述仅为本实用新型的较佳实施例，凡依本实用新型申请专利范围所作的均等变化与修饰，皆应属本实 用新型专利的涵盖范围。
Claims (6)
1.过滤型生态混凝土排水渠，包括渠体，其特征在于:所述的渠体为混凝土结构，其横截面为梯形；所述渠体底部设置有过滤箱(1)，过滤箱(I)沿渠体长度方向间隔错位布设，所述渠体内设置有生态浮床(2 )。
2.根据权利要求1所述的过滤型生态混凝土排水渠，其特征在于:所述的渠体内布设有水体溢流调节阀(3)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的过滤型生态混凝土排水渠，其特征在于:相邻两个过滤箱(1)之间的距离为50-200cm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的过滤型生态混凝土排水渠，其特征在于:所述的过滤箱(I)的宽度占渠体底部宽度的50-60%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的过滤型生态混凝土排水渠，其特征在于:所述的过滤箱(I)内部填充有高吸收氮磷的陶粒或砂石，并采用纱网包裹。
6.根据权利要求1所述的过滤型生态混凝土排水渠，其特征在于:所述的生态浮床(2)内搭配种植有泽苔、路易斯安娜鸢尾、菖蒲、香菇草、聚草。
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103233445A (zh) * | 2013-04-18 | 2013-08-07 | 浙江大学 | 过滤型生态混凝土排水渠 |
| CN104692597A (zh) * | 2015-03-13 | 2015-06-10 | 陈英旭 | 小型分散式河道悬空排污口生活污水生态净化集成装置 |
| CN106368190A (zh) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-01 | 扬州大学 | 基于三棱柱形高分子材料渗滤网的农田地下径流氮磷拦截去除组合渗滤装置及其应用方法 |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103233445A (zh) * | 2013-04-18 | 2013-08-07 | 浙江大学 | 过滤型生态混凝土排水渠 |
| CN104692597A (zh) * | 2015-03-13 | 2015-06-10 | 陈英旭 | 小型分散式河道悬空排污口生活污水生态净化集成装置 |
| CN104692597B (zh) * | 2015-03-13 | 2016-06-29 | 陈英旭 | 小型分散式河道悬空排污口生活污水生态净化集成装置 |
| CN106368190A (zh) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-01 | 扬州大学 | 基于三棱柱形高分子材料渗滤网的农田地下径流氮磷拦截去除组合渗滤装置及其应用方法 |
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