CN202918699U - Real-time on-line monitoring device for sorting loss of grain combine - Google Patents
Real-time on-line monitoring device for sorting loss of grain combine Download PDFInfo
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- CN202918699U CN202918699U CN 201220244285 CN201220244285U CN202918699U CN 202918699 U CN202918699 U CN 202918699U CN 201220244285 CN201220244285 CN 201220244285 CN 201220244285 U CN201220244285 U CN 201220244285U CN 202918699 U CN202918699 U CN 202918699U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a real-time on-line monitoring device for sorting loss of a grain combine, wherein a sorting screen outlet is arranged on the grain combine. The real-time on-line monitoring device for the sorting loss of the grain combine is characterized in that a symmetrical piezo-electric crystal sensor is arranged at the sorting screen outlet, an output end of the symmetrical piezo-electric crystal sensor is connected with an adjustable band-pass charge amplifying circuit, and an output end of the band-pass charge amplifying circuit is sequentially in tandem connection with a signal compensating circuit, an anti-aliasing band-pass filter circuit, a sensitivity regulating circuit, a pulse shaping circuit and a single-chip microprocessor; the single-chip microprocessor is connected with a keyboard, an alarm circuit and a display nixie tube; and a power circuit is connected with the band-pass charge amplifying circuit, the single-chip microprocessor, the keyboard, the main display nixie tube and other circuits. By means of the real-time on-line monitoring device for the sorting loss of the grain combine, interference signals can be weakened, grain shock signals can be enhanced, millet straw identification precision can be improved, and test reliability can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to the grain combine Performance Testing Technology, particularly a kind of real time on-line monitoring device of cleaning loss of grain combine.
Background technology
Along with developing rapidly of agricultural equipment, oneself becomes the important measurement index of modern agriculture the application scale of combine, results performance and automaticity.The combine that performance is good, automaticity is high should be can Real-Time Monitoring Grain Loss amount, automatically regulates job state, thereby guarantees be no more than the maximum efficiency of crop of performance under the prerequisite that allows loss amount.At present, during China most of combine operation, rely on the tractor driver personal experience, change feed quantity and regulate the unit operation load by adjusting the speed of travel.This operating type requires high to tractor driver's driving ability, labour intensity is large, is difficult to reduce fault rate, and operating speed and operating efficiency are low.Sometimes the tractor driver is for pursuing operating efficiency, and when stem stalk moisture content was low, a large amount of broken stem stalk that produces in threshing course caused cleaning load to strengthen, and cleans Quality Down, and cleaning loss percentage is very high, has greatly reduced operation quality.For a long time, artificial counting and artificial counting loss rate are adopted in the monitoring of this index always, and its defective is: inefficiency, error is large, can not real-time instruction unit harvest operation.
In the reaping machine grading sieve effluent, grain is considerably less with respect to stem stalk and grass, complicated condition when grain header is worked in the field, add the impact of machine vibration and other high reject signal, make the identification and extraction of grain signal become extremely difficult, very faint with the grain loss signal that Sensor monitoring arrives, brought very large difficulty to research.The good method and apparatus of Monitoring Performance is not yet seen in present domestic research; The strongly disturbing bad adaptability of the sensor of foreign study to domestic grain header vibration and noise, the Monitoring Data reliability is not high.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is the deficiency for present technology, and a kind of Combine Harvester Grain cleaning loss monitoring device is provided, this device can solve combine harvester grain clearing loss accurately, the difficult problem of real time on-line monitoring.This is the combine harvester grain clearing loss monitoring device that a kind of real-time is good, accuracy rate is high and reliability is strong.
The technical solution adopted in the utility model is: a kind of Combine Harvester Grain cleaning loss monitoring device, combine is provided with the sorting screen outlet, it is characterized in that, in this sorting screen exit, be provided with the symmetrical expression piezoeletric quartz sensor, the output of this symmetrical expression piezoeletric quartz sensor connects the tunable band-pass charge amplifying circuit, and the output of band energising lotus amplifying circuit is connected in series signal compensation circuit, tunable band-pass filter circuit, sensitivity adjusting circuit, pulse shaper, onechipmicroprocessor successively; Onechipmicroprocessor connects keyboard, warning circuit and demonstration charactron; Power circuit is connecting band energising lotus amplifying circuit, onechipmicroprocessor, keyboard, main demonstration charactron and each described circuit respectively.
The real time on-line monitoring device of the cleaning loss of above-mentioned grain combine has following prioritization scheme:
1, sensor plate formula flexible member and the horizontal position of described symmetrical expression piezoeletric quartz sensor are set to 20
o-70
oSensor stand two ends are fixed on the adjustable fixed support at the sorting screen rear portion that is connected in combine, single piezo-electric crystal (14) is applied to the center, the back side of sensor plate formula flexible member (15), and each flexible member symmetry is arranged on special metal square box surface up and down; Shielding transfer wire (17) one ends connect piezo-electric crystal (14), and the other end connects described band energising lotus amplifying circuit (2).
2, the output connecting band of symmetrical expression sensor (1) energising lotus amplifying circuit (2), the output of band energising lotus amplifying circuit (2) is connected in series signal compensation circuit (3), filter circuit (4), sensitivity adjusting circuit (5), pulse shaper (6), onechipmicroprocessor (8) and communication interface circuit (12) successively; Onechipmicroprocessor (8) connects control inputs keyboard (7), shows charactron (9) and warning circuit (10); Power circuit (11) is connecting band energising lotus amplifying circuit (2), onechipmicroprocessor (7), keyboard (7), demonstration charactron (9) and each described circuit respectively.
3, the symmetrical upper and lower surface that is fixed on the metal square box (15) of making of the sensor plate formula of described symmetrical expression piezoeletric quartz sensor (1) up and down flexible member (13), metal square box (15) guarantees global symmetry and highly as far as possible little; At the additional damping pad of flexible member (13) and metal square box (15) contact position; Adopt torque spanner to reinforce flexible member (13), make the dynamics of eight bolt and nuts the same; The periphery of flexible member (13) can not contact with metal square box (15), and the centre enters in box to prevent the foreign material chip with overcoat (14), and structural integrity is impacted.
4, symmetrical sensor construction has the center, the back side that is applied to up and down flexible member (13) of single crystal piezo-electric crystal (16) symmetry; Have three symmetrical expression sensor square boxes (15) and be evenly distributed on three monitored areas at sorting screen outlet place.
5, the long 150mm of described sensor plate formula flexible member (13), wide 150mm, thick 1.0mm; The long 150mm of metal square box (15), wide 150mm, thick 38mm.
6, signal compensation circuit (3) two amplifier A1, A2 and a transport and placing device A3 form: the upper strata piezo-electric crystal of A1 connecting sensor, the laminated electric crystal of A2 connecting sensor, A3 connects the output of A1, A2, A3 output be pumping signal after overcompensation.
7, selecting bandpass amplifier (4) to carry out selectivity for the frequency range of grain exciter response amplifies; Utilize signal compensation circuit (3) can well eliminate the high reject signal that the grain header vibration causes, the identification that helps the grain signal is extracted; By filter circuit (4), selective filter cut-off frequency point accurately guarantees the accuracy of test data.
8, keyboard (7) comprises " resetting ", " RUN ", " storage " three keys, completes the procedure operation to instrument; Communication serial port (12) can be connected with host computer transmission and the control of carrying out data.
The job step of this device is as follows:
⑴. the symmetrical expression piezoeletric quartz sensor is installed on the sorting screen exit of combine, all wide distribution;
⑵. during the combine harvesting, clean effluent and flow out through the sorting screen outlet;
⑶. described symmetrical expression piezoeletric quartz sensor obtains the impact signal of sorting screen ejecta from the multizone multi-angle;
⑷. the signal of symmetrical expression piezoeletric quartz sensor output is sent into adjustable band passband energising lotus amplifying circuit, convert the voltage signal with certain amplitude to;
⑸. " voltage signal with certain amplitude " to step ⑷, carry out the signal adjustment by signal compensation circuit; Can slacken interfering signal by this set-up procedure, strengthen the grain signal, improve the recognizability of Grain Loss signal;
⑹. use bandwidth-limited circuit, sensitivity adjusting circuit the frequency-domain and time-domain of signal, to isolate vibration noise and grain signals respectively after step ⑸ adjusts;
⑺. isolated vibration noise and grain signal are passed through pulse shaper, be shaped as the calibration pulse signal that onechipmicroprocessor can be carried out;
⑻. when keyboard shift is " on-line monitoring " pattern, chip microprocessor Real-time Collection grain clearing loss signal, and the grain signal that collects is counted and processed, and be presented on main demonstration charactron during with fructufy; When keyboard shift was " data query " pattern, onechipmicroprocessor accessed the total amount of current working time period internal loss grain, was used for estimating this harvest operation quality condition.
Can also increase has following steps:
When 1, detecting Different Crop, the cut-off frequency point and sensitivity adjusting circuit (5) the amplitude comparing voltage value that change tunable filter circuit (4) are carried out parameter adjustment.This step can be placed in the ⑴ step afterwards or other times.
2, the calibration pulse width that the onechipmicroprocessor step 3) can be carried out is 5-10ms.
3, step 4), when chip microprocessor works independently, also can by real-time transmission data between communication serial port and host computer, if the grain loss amount exceeds the limiting value of setting, send alarm command by warning circuit;
4, host computer sends the adjustment instruction to combine, automatically regulates the job state of combine.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are:
1. utilize the method monitoring grain clearing loss of symmetrical expression sensor construction and signal compensation, can slacken interfering signal, strengthen the grain impact signal, improve the millet straw accuracy of identification, and improved testing reliability.
2. the employing bandpass amplifier, can select the signal of any frequency range to carry out the orientation amplification, can carry out selectivity for the frequency range of grain exciter response and amplify.
3. employing bandwidth-limited circuit, accurate selective filter cut-off frequency point, the ripple of selecting grain signal frequency range is by shielding simultaneously the ripple of other interfering signal frequency ranges, the frequency component of interfering signal decayed to extremely low-level, can guarantee the accuracy of test data.
4. this grain cleaning loss monitoring device overall dynamics performance is good, and antijamming capability is strong, and certainty of measurement is high, can realize cleaning loss field on-line measurement.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the utility model system structure of device connection diagram.
Fig. 2-1, Fig. 2-2 are respectively structural front view and the end view of the symmetrical expression piezoeletric quartz sensor 1 in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the signal compensation circuit figure in Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the bandwidth-limited circuit figure in Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is the scheme of installation of the utility model device.
In figure, 1. symmetrical piezoeletric quartz sensor; 2. be with energising lotus amplifying circuit; 3. signal compensation circuit; 4. bandwidth-limited circuit; 5. sensitivity adjusting circuit; 6. pulse shaper; 7. input keyboard; 8. onechipmicroprocessor; 9. demonstration charactron; 10. warning circuit; 11. power supply; 12. communication interface; 13 sensor plate formula flexible members; 14. overcoat; 15. can; 16. piezo-electric crystal; 17. fixed support; 18. shielding line; 19. installing hole.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1, monitoring device as shown in Figure 1, the output connecting band energising lotus amplifying circuit 2 of symmetrical expression piezoeletric quartz sensor 1, the output of band energising lotus amplifying circuit 2 connects signal compensation circuit 3, bandwidth-limited circuit 4, sensitivity adjusting circuit 5, pulse shaper 6, onechipmicroprocessor 8 and communication interface circuit 12 successively.Wherein, the output of onechipmicroprocessor 8 also connects and shows charactron 9 and warning circuit 10.The output of keyboard 7 connects onechipmicroprocessor 8.Power circuit 11 connects respectively each above-mentioned circuit and provides power supply for each circuit.Power circuit 11 adopts the DC24V of combining ship battery output as its voltage input, then provides needed voltage and current by the transformation system of each branch road for each several part.
With reference to Fig. 2-Fig. 5, the structure of symmetrical expression piezoeletric quartz sensor 1 comprises symmetrical piezo-electric crystal 2-16, sensor plate formula flexible member 2-13, metal square box 2-15, shielded cable 18.
With reference to Fig. 2-1, Fig. 2-2, symmetrical piezo-electric crystal 2-16 is fixed on the inner surface center of flat flexible member 2-13, the structure of flat flexible member 2-13 is long L=150mm, wide W=150mm, thick H1.0mm; Each flexible member symmetry is arranged on special metal square box 2-15 surface up and down;
Metal square box 2-15 need to guarantee global symmetry, stability and highly as far as possible little, and it is of a size of long L=150mm, wide W=150mm, thick H=38mm; The inside of can is hollow, at the additional damping pad of flexible member 2-13 and metal square box 2-15 junction; Adopt torque spanner flexible member 2-13 to be fixed on two surfaces of can by four jiaos of modes of reinforcing, make the dynamics of eight bolt and nuts the same; The periphery of flexible member 2-13 can not contact with metal square box 2-15, and the centre enters in box to prevent the foreign material chip with overcoat 2-14, and structural integrity is impacted.
With reference to Fig. 5, three symmetrical expression sensor square boxes 15 are evenly distributed on three monitored areas at sorting screen outlet place, utilize bolt to pass sky 19 is installed, become vacant state to be arranged on stand the sensor square box.Stand moves up and down and self rotation by expansion slot, can realize the adjustment of three dimensions optional position.The shielding line 18 of piezo-electric crystal spreads out of in the air by the side of can, is unified in a side and fixes, an end connected symmetrical dendrimer formula piezo-electric crystal, other end connecting band energising lotus amplifying circuit 2.
The signal condition system mainly is made of band energising lotus amplifying circuit, signal compensation circuit, bandwidth-limited circuit, sensitivity adjusting circuit, pulse shaper, the grain loss signal is converted to the standard signal that can count.
With reference to Fig. 3, signal compensation circuit 3 two amplifier A1, A2 and an adder A3 form.Amplifier A1 completes the amplifier to upper strata flexible member exciter response signal 1; Amplifier A2 completes the amplifier to lower floor's flexible member exciter response signal 2.A3 is adder, mainly completes the plus-minus compensation compose operation to signal 1 and signal 2.For interfering signal, the signal in the signal in U1 and U2 when consistent, can synthesize counteracting when phase place and amplitude by signal operation.In practice, the response characteristic of two sensing elements can not be in full accord, carries out phase place and range-adjusting by the vernier knob on amplifier and adder, and interfering signal is eliminated in compensation.
By the Analysis of Magnitude-Frequency Characteristic to signals such as grain header unit, grain losses, the spectral range of interfering signal and grain loss signal has certain difference as can be known, and employing can be carried out the selectivity amplification for the frequency range of grain exciter response with the general formula charge amplifying circuit and ignore interfering signal; Band general formula filter circuit can accurately be selected filter circuit cut-off frequency point, and the grain loss signal is further effectively separated with interfering signal.
The effect of sensitivity adjusting circuit is from the magnitude of voltage of output signal, signal further to be processed, the amplitude characteristic of interfering signal, grain loss signal also there are differences, by the adjustment to Sensitivity magnitude voltage, complete exactly the extraction to the grain loss signal.
What onechipmicroprocessor 8 was selected is the STC89C52RC single-chip microcomputer, gathers three road grain clearing loss signals by data port, and computing and the result completed the grain loss amount show.Be provided with alarm device, start alarm when the loss amount of cleaning exceeds standard.Communication interface circuit 12 adopts RS232 communication serial port mode, can realize the transfer of data of onechipmicroprocessor and host computer.
In the results process of combine field, symmetrical expression piezoeletric quartz sensor 1 is bolted on the fixed support 17 at the sorting screen rear portion that is positioned at combine, all wide distribution is monitored; Sensor plate formula flexible member 15 is arranged to be set to 20 with horizontal position
o-70
o, according to the concrete condition of different combines select sensor plane towards.The sorting screen ejecta impacts the upper strata flexible member and produces pumping signal, signal is processed through band energising lotus amplifying circuit, signal compensation circuit, bandwidth-limited circuit, sensitivity adjusting circuit and pulse shaper, and cleaning loss grain signal is extracted from the interference of the impact signal such as broken grass, stalk, clever shell and unit strong vibration signal.During for different combines, different working condition or results Different Crop, can change the parameter of charge amplifying circuit, bandwidth-limited circuit, sensitivity adjusting circuit, thereby adjust the match parameter of measuring instrument.Chip microprocessor gathers the grain clearing loss signal by data port, monitoring programme is counted, is processed the grain signal that collects, and be presented on charactron 9 during with fructufy, complete the cleaning loss on-line monitoring, if the grain loss amount exceeds the limiting value of setting, warning circuit 10 is given an order, and the indication tractor driver takes corresponding measure.By transfer of data real-time between communication interface circuit 12 and host computer, can be by mode of operation and the data pattern of PC control and change onechipmicroprocessor 8;
Sensor 1 adopts the austenitic stainless steel steel plate as the flexible member of sensor, piezo-electric crystal is as the conversion element of sensor, piezo-electric crystal 16 is applied to the center at the back side of sensor plate formula flexible member 13, each flexible member symmetry is arranged on special metal square box 15 surfaces up and down, and by overcoat 14 sealings.The long L=150mm of flexible member 13, wide W=150mm, thick 1.0mm; The long L=150mm of metal square box 15, wide W=150mm, thick H=38mm.Three sensor constructions are distributed on three monitored areas at sorting screen outlet place.
When combine during at the field harvest operation, the two-layer flexible member in up and down vibrates simultaneously, when seed and stem stalk are discharged Impact monitoring sensor upper surface from the outlet of sorting screen, lower floor's flexible member does not have the grain pumping signal, two surfaces up and down of monitoring sensor all can output electrical signals, after the signal compensation of voltage signal through the amplification of band energising lotus amplifying circuit, signal compensation circuit, interfering signal can weaken, and has strengthened the recognizability of Grain Loss signal; Because seed and stem stalk are different to the impulsive force on monitoring sensor surface, the shock signal frequency that reflects and amplitude are not identical yet, therefore the cut-off frequency of filter circuit and the amplitude comparative voltage of sensitivity adjusting circuit rationally are set in program, just can extract the shock signal of seed from numerous and disorderly signal, pass through again signal transformation circuit, obtain the calibration pulse signal, send into onechipmicroprocessor and carry out data processing and display loss amount.
By cleaning in a large number bench test and grain header real work test, under the Parameter Conditions such as the pace of the feed quantity of Different Crop, grain header, rotation speed of fan, air outlet angle, collect seed that sorting screen outlet afterbody discharges and assorted more than, and analyze the regularity of distribution of effluent.Manually clean out the seed that comprises in the effluent zone, the calculated with mathematical model cleaning loss total amount and the cleaning loss percentage that utilize statistics to set up show monitoring result in real time, and can transfer of data to host computer, realize the operation of greater functionality and mode of operation.
During the combine farm work, cleaning loss is measured relative error in real time less than 3%.
Claims (6)
1. the real time on-line monitoring device of the cleaning loss of a grain combine, combine is provided with the sorting screen outlet, it is characterized in that, in this sorting screen exit, be provided with the symmetrical expression piezoeletric quartz sensor, the output of this symmetrical expression piezoeletric quartz sensor connects the tunable band-pass charge amplifying circuit, and the output of band energising lotus amplifying circuit is connected in series signal compensation circuit, anti-mixed bandwidth-limited circuit, sensitivity adjusting circuit, pulse shaper, onechipmicroprocessor successively; Onechipmicroprocessor connects keyboard, warning circuit and demonstration charactron; Power circuit is connecting band energising lotus amplifying circuit, onechipmicroprocessor, keyboard, main demonstration charactron and signal compensation circuit, bandwidth-limited circuit, sensitivity adjusting circuit, pulse shaper respectively.
2. the real time on-line monitoring device of the cleaning loss of grain combine according to claim 1, is characterized in that, sensor plate formula flexible member and the horizontal position of described symmetrical expression piezoeletric quartz sensor are set to 20
o-70
oThe stand two ends of described symmetrical expression piezoeletric quartz sensor are fixed on the adjustable fixed support at the sorting screen rear portion that is connected in combine, single piezo-electric crystal is applied to the center, the back side of sensor plate formula flexible member, and each flexible member symmetry is arranged on special metal square box surface up and down; Shielding transfer wire one end connects piezo-electric crystal, and the other end connects described band energising lotus amplifying circuit.
3. the real time on-line monitoring device of the cleaning loss of grain combine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the symmetrical upper and lower surface that is fixed on the metal square box (15) of making of sensor plate formula up and down flexible member (13) of described symmetrical expression piezoeletric quartz sensor (1), metal square box (15) guarantees global symmetry and highly as far as possible little; At the additional damping pad of flexible member (13) and metal square box (15) contact position; The periphery of described flexible member (13) and metal square box are middle with overcoat (14).
4. the real time on-line monitoring device of the cleaning loss of grain combine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described symmetrical sensor construction has the center, the back side that is applied to up and down flexible member (13) of single crystal piezo-electric crystal (16) symmetry; Have three symmetrical expression sensor square boxes (15) and be evenly distributed on three monitored areas at sorting screen outlet place.
5. the real time on-line monitoring device of the cleaning loss of grain combine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described signal compensation circuit (3) is comprised of two amplifier A1, A2 and a transport and placing device A3: the upper strata piezo-electric crystal of A1 connecting sensor, the laminated electric crystal of A2 connecting sensor, A3 connects the output of A1, A2, A3 output be pumping signal after overcompensation.
6. the real time on-line monitoring device of the cleaning loss of one of according to claim 1-5 described grain combines, it is characterized in that, the real time on-line monitoring device of the cleaning loss of described grain combine is provided with supervisory keyboard (7), this supervisory keyboard (7) comprises " resetting ", " RUN ", " storage " three keys, completes the procedure operation to instrument; Communication serial port (12) is connected transmission and the control of carrying out data with host computer.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 201220244285 CN202918699U (en) | 2012-05-28 | 2012-05-28 | Real-time on-line monitoring device for sorting loss of grain combine |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 201220244285 CN202918699U (en) | 2012-05-28 | 2012-05-28 | Real-time on-line monitoring device for sorting loss of grain combine |
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| CN202918699U true CN202918699U (en) | 2013-05-08 |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102812825A (en) * | 2012-05-28 | 2012-12-12 | 江苏大学 | Real-time online monitoring method and device for cleaning losses of grain combines |
| CN104737721A (en) * | 2015-03-04 | 2015-07-01 | 江苏大学 | Combine harvester self-adaptive cleaning control device and self-adaptive cleaning method thereof |
| CN105705002A (en) * | 2013-09-19 | 2016-06-22 | 凯斯纽荷兰(中国)管理有限公司 | Combine side-shake cleaning control system |
| CN109041759A (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-12-21 | 江苏大学 | A kind of cleaning loss detection device of grain combine harvester and method based on ultrasound suspending |
| CN109566064A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-04-05 | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 | A kind of grain harvesting machine loss amount detecting device and detection method |
-
2012
- 2012-05-28 CN CN 201220244285 patent/CN202918699U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102812825A (en) * | 2012-05-28 | 2012-12-12 | 江苏大学 | Real-time online monitoring method and device for cleaning losses of grain combines |
| CN102812825B (en) * | 2012-05-28 | 2014-11-26 | 江苏大学 | Real-time online monitoring method and device for cleaning losses of grain combines |
| CN105705002A (en) * | 2013-09-19 | 2016-06-22 | 凯斯纽荷兰(中国)管理有限公司 | Combine side-shake cleaning control system |
| CN104737721A (en) * | 2015-03-04 | 2015-07-01 | 江苏大学 | Combine harvester self-adaptive cleaning control device and self-adaptive cleaning method thereof |
| CN104737721B (en) * | 2015-03-04 | 2016-08-31 | 江苏大学 | A kind of combined harvester self adaptation cleans control device and self adaptation cleans method |
| CN109041759A (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-12-21 | 江苏大学 | A kind of cleaning loss detection device of grain combine harvester and method based on ultrasound suspending |
| CN109566064A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-04-05 | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 | A kind of grain harvesting machine loss amount detecting device and detection method |
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Granted publication date: 20130508 Termination date: 20150528 |
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