CN102396322B - Grain loss monitoring sensor with array buoyant raft structure - Google Patents
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- CN102396322B CN102396322B CN 201110359213 CN201110359213A CN102396322B CN 102396322 B CN102396322 B CN 102396322B CN 201110359213 CN201110359213 CN 201110359213 CN 201110359213 A CN201110359213 A CN 201110359213A CN 102396322 B CN102396322 B CN 102396322B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a grain loss monitoring sensor with an array buoyant raft structure, and belongs to the technical field of grain loss measurement of combine harvesters. The grain loss monitoring sensor is mainly used for monitoring entrainment and cleaning loss during harvest of grains such as wheat, paddy, rapes and the like by a combine harvester. In the grain loss monitoring sensor, two layers of thin plates which are riveted are used as a machine frame; a sensitive element is bonded on the reverse side of an upper panel to form a unit; a plurality of monitoring units are arrangedon a floating support plate in parallel; a vibration damping sheet is arranged between each unit and the floating support plate and between the floating support plate and a sensor base; an independent signal modulation circuit is designed in each monitoring unit; and lost grains are identified from other impurities by the signal modulation circuits and output standard square-wave voltage signals,and the square-wave voltage signals are acquired in real time by a secondary meter to obtain the number of the grains lost within a monitoring area of the sensor. The grain loss monitoring sensor is high in monitoring accuracy, high in frequency and small in interference of vibration, and can be applied to real-time monitoring of the entrainment and cleaning loss of the combine harvester.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the Combine Harvester Grain Loss field of measuring technique, be specifically related to a kind of grain loss monitoring sensor with array buoyant raft structure.
Background technology
Unavoidably can produce Grain Loss during the combine farm work, principal mode is cleaning loss and entrainment loss, the size of loss amount is to weigh the main performance index of combine operation performance, also is the important evidence that the combine running parameter is adjusted.In recent years, the real time monitoring of Grain Loss has become the important subject of combine intelligent development, the main method that adopts be the cleaning sieve for combined harvester afterbody with separate notch board below sensor installation, the loss cereal amount that arrives according to Sensor monitoring and the proportionate relationship between the actual Grain Loss amount, calculate the Grain Loss amount of combine real work, as seen, its key problem is researched and developed the cereal monitoring sensor exactly.Adopt piezoelectric sensitivity Materials Measurement cereal impact signal, it is the groundwork principle that existing cereal monitoring sensor adopts, although and obtained some achievements, but general technical is imperfection also, be mainly manifested in, the effect of vibration of combine when the results process is stronger, and the quality of agriculture cereal is less, the cereal of loss is normally mixed in together with other assorted remaining (being mainly short stem and clever shell), impact signal is fainter, these factors all can make a significant impact the piezoelectric output signal, cause measure error to increase, therefore, how can from vibration interference, effectively extract the grain impact signal, improve certainty of measurement and response speed, become the key link of Sensor Design.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is the accurate Real-Time Monitoring difficult problem of Grain Loss when solving the combine farm work, invented a kind of grain loss monitoring sensor with array buoyant raft structure, with the Grain Loss position of installation of sensors below cleaning sieve for combined harvester afterbody or separation notch board, can the Real-Time Monitoring grain cleaning and carry the Grain Loss situation secretly, and can provide the Grain Loss monitor signal for the combine automatic control system, to guarantee operation quality, improve operating efficiency.In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
Adopt the mutually double-layer plate of riveted joint, the bonding sensing element in the back side of plate consists of a monitoring means in the above, a plurality of monitoring means are arranged in parallel within on the float support plate, the float support plate is installed on the sensor base, each monitoring means and float support plate, between float support plate and the base vibration-damping sheet is installed, consist of double-deck buoyant raft vibration-proof structure, reduce the vibration effect of combine, Sensor monitoring drops on cereal and the assorted remaining signal in the sensor region, cereal and assorted remaining signal are transferred to signal modulation circuit, signal modulation circuit is distinguished the cereal signal, the cereal signal is transferred to secondary meter, and the cereal signal of secondary meter Real-time Collection Sensor monitoring calculates the Grain Loss amount in the sensor region, when real-time loss amount surpasses certain value, output alarm signal.
Said method is specifically:
Connect top panel and lower panel by rivet, the bonding sensing element in the back side of plate consists of a monitoring means in the above, a plurality of monitoring means are arranged in parallel within on the float support plate, the float support plate is installed on the base, vibration-damping sheet one is installed between each monitoring means and the float support plate, vibration-damping sheet two is installed between float support plate and the base, consist of double-deck buoyant raft vibration-proof structure, Grain Loss measuring position mounting bracket below cleaning sieve for combined harvester afterbody or separation notch board, sensor base is connected on the support by bolt and nut, mounting spring one between base and the bolt, mounting spring two between base and the support, adjusting bolt and nut can change the compression distance of spring and spring, thereby change the installation pretightening force between base and the support, reduce support to the shock effect of base, when impacting top panel when cereal with more than mixing, top panel produces micro-strain, sensing element produces charge signal, charge signal is transferred to signal modulation circuit, signal modulation circuit distinguishes with cereal is more than assorted, and the cereal signal is transferred to secondary meter with the standard square-wave voltage, each monitoring means designs independently signal modulation circuit, secondary meter is take single-chip microcomputer as core, square-wave signal number by the output of high-speed counter Real-time Collection signal modulation circuit, obtain impacting the cereal quantity on the sensor, can show in real time monitoring result, and can be with the result with the communication formal output, setting threshold in the secondary meter, when real-time loss amount surpasses setting threshold, the secondary meter output alarm signal.
The inventive system comprises top panel, sensing element, lower panel, rivet, float support plate, vibration-damping sheet one, base, vibration-damping sheet two, support, bolt, spring one, spring two, nut, signal modulation circuit, secondary meter;
Described monitoring means consists of by top panel, sensing element, lower panel and rivet (4) are common, and the quantity that is arranged in parallel within monitoring means on the float support plate is the 1-5 sheet.
Described top panel is the identical rectangle of shape with lower panel, length and width size 100-300 mm, top panel is connected rivet with lower panel and connects, top panel can adopt stainless steel, aluminium alloy or bakelite material, thickness is 0.5-1 mm, and lower panel adopts stainless steel material, and thickness is 1-1.5 mm, number of rivets can be 4-8, and the position is evenly distributed on the periphery of top panel and lower panel.
Described sensing element adopts the PVDF piezoelectric membrane, the rigid center, the back side that is bonded in top panel, when top panel is subject to producing micro-strain after cereal and assorted remaining the impact, sensing element can produce stress, and the output charge signal, and sensing element is shaped as rectangle, the length and width size is than little 10 mm of top panel, thickness 30-100 μ m impacts the diverse location of plate in the above, the charge signal that the sensing element stable output is consistent more than guaranteeing cereal and mixing.
Difference according to monitoring cereal mechanical characteristic changes material, thickness and the top panel of top panel, the connected mode of lower panel, can change the impact shock deformation characteristic of top panel, thereby changes sensor to the sensitivity of cereal shock response.
Between each monitoring means and float support plate, float support plate and the parallel base flexible anti-vibration sheet is installed, is consisted of double-deck buoyant raft shock-damping structure, rigid shock is become soft impulse, to reduce the vibration interference signal.
Described sensor signal modulation circuit successively by: charge amplifier, anti-mixing filter, absolute value peak detection amplifier, linear envelope detector, voltage comparator and whole wave circuit etc. form.
Because sensing element output is charge signal, can not directly measure, and need to be converted into voltage signal by charge amplifier.It is different with the frequency of assorted remaining impact signal and vibration signal that cereal impacts the signal that produces, and can identify the cereal impact signal by anti-mixing filter.Different according to combine running parameter and harvesting crops, the threshold frequency of anti-mixing filter can be regulated.Cereal impacts has randomness on the sensing element, the difference of angle of attack, speed and position, produce voltage signal peak value may on the occasion of, also may be negative value, can obtain the absolute peak of cereal impact signal by absolute value peak detection amplifier, to improve monitoring accuracy.Thin plate is elastomer, can produce resonance after being impacted, and can obtain the envelope of one-shot vibration signal by linear envelope detector, eliminates the interference of resonance wave signal.Because more than the density and hardness of cereal is mixed greater than other usually, its peak value that impacts the voltage signal that produces on the sensing element is also larger, characteristics for Different Crop cereal impact signal, set suitable voltage comparator threshold value, can effectively distinguish with the cereal impact signal with other assorted remaining impact signals, improve cereal counting accuracy.The voltage comparator output signal is adjusted into the amplitude square wave voltage signal consistent with width, and exports to secondary meter, according to the difference that harvesting crops requires, amplitude and the width of square wave are adjustable.
Described secondary meter is mainly realized the square-wave signal counting, obtain the cereal quantity that Sensor monitoring arrives, can show in real time result of calculation, and can be with result of calculation with the communication formal output, the communication form can be RS232, RS485 or other bus form, setting threshold in the secondary meter, when real-time loss amount surpasses setting threshold, the secondary meter output alarm signal.
The effect that the present invention obtains: the present invention is take sensor technology and computer technology as the basis, invented a kind of grain loss monitoring sensor with array buoyant raft structure, change the method for Traditional Man test Grain Loss, saved human and material resources, improved certainty of measurement.Vibration interference is the key factor that affects the sensor measurement precision, among the present invention that sensor is rack-mount by spring flexible, by regulating the mounting spring pretightning force, reduce support to the rigid shock of base, the monitoring means array of sensor is arranged, each monitoring means design independent signal modulation circuit, to improve measuring speed, the cereal monitoring frequency is greater than 5kHz, adopt double-deck buoyant raft vibration-proof structure design, eliminate the interference between the monitoring means, change the mechanical characteristic that support impacts, last frequency spectrum difference modelled signal modulation circuit according to cereal shock and vibration interfering signal, so that sensor can accurately be identified the cereal impact signal from the complex vibration background, by changing the material of sensor panel, thickness and installation connected mode are adjusted sensor to the sensitivity of cereal shock response, to adapt to different mechanical characteristic cereal monitoring requirements.With the Grain Loss position of installation of sensors of the present invention below cleaning sieve for combined harvester afterbody or separation notch board, can the Real-Time Monitoring grain cleaning and carry the Grain Loss situation secretly, and can provide the Grain Loss monitor signal for the combine automatic control system, to guarantee operation quality, improve operating efficiency.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is the sensor fixing structure schematic front view.
Fig. 2 is the sensor fixing structure diagrammatic top view.
Fig. 3 is Fundamentals of Supervisory Systems figure.
Fig. 4 is sensor signal modulation circuit schematic diagram.
Among the figure: 1 top panel, 2 sensing elements, 3 lower panels, 4 rivets, 5 float support plates, 6 vibration-damping sheets, one 7 bases, 8 vibration-damping sheets, 29 supports, 10 bolts, 11 springs, one 12 springs, 2 13 nuts, 14 signal modulation circuits, 15 secondary meters.
Embodiment
In conjunction with Fig. 1,2, fixing by rivet 4 between top panel 1 and the lower panel 3, sensing element 2 sticks on the center, the back side of top panel 1, vibration-damping sheet 1 is installed between lower panel 3 and the float support plate 5, float support plate 5 is connected with base 7 by vibration-damping sheet 28, base 7 is connected on the support 9 by bolt 10 and nut 13, mounting spring 1 between base 7 and the bolt 10, mounting spring 2 12 between base 7 and the support 9.
Top panel 1, sensing element 2, lower panel 3 and monitoring means of rivet 4 common formations are arranged in parallel within a plurality of monitoring means on the float support plate 5, and the quantity of monitoring means can be the 1-5 sheet.
Top panel 1 is the identical rectangle of shape with lower panel 3, length and width size 100-300 mm, top panel 1 is connected with lower panel by rivet 4 connections, top panel 1 can adopt stainless steel, aluminium alloy or bakelite material, thickness is 0.5-1 mm, and lower panel 3 adopts stainless steel material, and thickness is 1-1.5 mm, rivet 4 quantity can be 4-8, and the position is evenly distributed on the periphery of top panel 1 and lower panel 3.
Sensing element 2 adopts the PVDF piezoelectric membrane, the rigid center, the back side that is bonded in top panel 1, when top panel 1 is subject to producing micro-strain after cereal and assorted remaining the impact, sensing element 2 can produce stress, and the output charge signal, and sensing element 2 is shaped as rectangle, the length and width size is than top panel 1 little 10 mm, thickness 30-100 μ m impacts the diverse location of plate 1 in the above, the charge signal that sensing element 2 stable outputs are consistent more than guaranteeing cereal and mixing.
Difference according to monitoring cereal mechanical characteristic changes material, thickness and the top panel 1 of top panel 1, the connected mode of lower panel 3, can change the impact shock deformation characteristic of top panel 1, thereby changes sensor to the sensitivity of cereal shock response.
Vibration-damping sheet 1 and vibration-damping sheet 29 can be selected the vibration-absorptive materials such as low-density sponge or rubber, and sensing element 2 rigid shocks that are mainly used in that support 9 is caused become soft impulse, to reduce the vibration interference signal.
Support 9 is installed in the cleaning sieve for combined harvester afterbody or separates the Grain Loss measuring position of notch board below, and adjusting bolt 10 and nut 13 can change the compression distance of spring 11 and spring 12, thereby adjusts the installation pretightening force between base 7 and the support 9.
In conjunction with Fig. 3, sensing element 2 output charges send signal modulation circuit 14 to, the cereal that signal modulation circuit 14 monitors sensing element 2 impacts and converts the standard square wave voltage signal to, and be transferred to secondary meter 15, every sensing element 2 designs independently signal modulation circuit 14, secondary meter 15 is take single-chip microcomputer as core, by high-speed counter the standard square wave voltage signal of sensor signal modulation circuit 14 outputs is counted, can show in real time result of calculation, and can be with result of calculation with the communication formal output, the communication form can be RS232, RS485 or other bus form, secondary meter 15 interior setting thresholds, when real-time loss amount surpasses setting threshold, secondary meter 15 output alarm signals.。
In conjunction with Fig. 4, the sensor signal modulation circuit is composed in series successively by charge amplifier, anti-mixing filter, absolute value peak detection amplifier, linear envelope detector, voltage comparator and whole wave circuit, cereal is impacted charge signal be converted to the standard square wave voltage signal, every sensing element 2 designs independently signal modulation circuit.
Be further elaborated below in conjunction with example:
Grain Loss position mounting bracket 9 below cleaning sieve for combined harvester afterbody or separation notch board, in the course of work, the vibration of combine can cause support 9 can produce vibratory impulse, by spring 1, spring 2 12, vibration-damping sheet 1 and vibration-damping sheet 28 common formation damping effects, the rigid shock that support 9 is produced becomes soft impulse, when assorted remaining and loss cereal impact top panel 1 surperficial, top panel 1 produces the micro-strain vibration, the micro-strain meeting of top panel 1 causes the stress on sensing element 2 surfaces to be concentrated, thereby the output charge signal is converted into voltage signal by charge amplifier.
Fixing by rivet 4 between top panel 1 and the lower panel 3, difference according to monitoring cereal mechanical characteristic, change material, thickness and the top panel 1 of top panel 1, the connected mode of lower panel 3, can change the impact shock deformation characteristic of top panel 1, thereby change sensor to the sensitivity of cereal shock response, (
For example, when carrying out the paddy rice monitoring, it is the stainless steel material of 0.8mm that top panel can adopt thickness, and plate is connected periphery and is adopted 6 rivets to connect with lower panel in the above, when carrying out the rape monitoring, because the lighter weight of rape seed, the impulsive force signal is fainter, and it is the stainless steel material of 0.5mm that top panel can adopt thickness, and plate is connected periphery and is adopted 4 rivets to connect with lower panel in the above, to improve the sensitivity of sensor) eliminate top panel 1 impulsive disturbance each other by vibration-damping sheet 1, according to cereal, the different of remaining impact signal and combine vibration interference signal frequency of mixing, set the parameter of anti-mixing filter, obtain the cereal impact signal, obtain the envelope of a cereal impact shock signal by absolute value peak detection amplifier and linear envelope detector, eliminate the interference of resonance wave signal.Because more than the density and hardness of cereal is mixed greater than other usually, its peak value that impacts the voltage signal that produces on the sensing element is also larger, by setting suitable voltage comparator threshold value, can effectively distinguish with the cereal impact signal with other assorted remaining impact signals, adjust at last amplitude and the width of output signal by whole wave circuit, thereby realize that cereal impacts once, standard square-wave voltage of sensor signal modulation circuit 13 outputs.
In the course of work, the loss cereal quantity of secondary meter 15 Real-Time Monitoring sensors 14 outputs, can show in real time result of calculation, and can be with result of calculation with the communication formal output, the communication form can be RS232, RS485 or other bus form, secondary meter 15 interior setting thresholds, when real-time loss amount surpasses setting threshold, secondary meter 15 output alarm signals.
The thickness of sensor is less than 15 mm, and the cereal monitoring frequency is greater than 5kHz, and the counting relative error is less than 3%.
Claims (10)
1. grain loss monitoring sensor with array buoyant raft structure, it is characterized in that, top panel (1) is connected 3 with lower panel) connect by rivet (4), the bonding sensing element in the back side (2) of plate (1) consists of a monitoring means in the above, a plurality of monitoring means are arranged in parallel within on the float support plate (5), float support plate (5) is installed on the base (7), vibration-damping sheet one (6) is installed between each monitoring means and the float support plate (5), vibration-damping sheet two (8) is installed between float support plate (5) and the base (7), is consisted of double-deck buoyant raft vibration-proof structure; Cereal and assorted more than when impacting top panel (1), top panel (1) produces micro-strain, sensing element (2) produces charge signal, charge signal is transferred to signal modulation circuit (14), signal modulation circuit (14) distinguishes with cereal is more than assorted, and the cereal signal is transferred to secondary meter (15), the cereal signal of secondary meter (15) Real-time Collection signal modulation circuit (14) output, show in real time monitoring result, and with the result with the communication formal output.
2. grain loss monitoring sensor with array buoyant raft structure according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, Grain Loss measuring position mounting bracket (9) below cleaning sieve for combined harvester afterbody or separation notch board, described sensor base (7) is connected on the support (9) by bolt (10) and nut (13), mounting spring one (11) between base (7) and the bolt (10), mounting spring two (12) between base (7) and the support (9), change the compression distance of spring (11) and spring (12) by adjusting bolt (10) and nut (13), thereby change the installation pretightening force between base (7) and the support (9), reduce support (9) to the shock effect of base (7).
3. grain loss monitoring sensor with array buoyant raft structure according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described top panel (1), sensing element (2), lower panel (3) and rivet (4) consist of a monitoring means jointly, and 1-5 sheet monitoring means is arranged in parallel within on the float support plate (5).
4. grain loss monitoring sensor with array buoyant raft structure according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described top panel (1) is the identical rectangle of shape with lower panel (3), length and width size 100-300 mm; Described rivet (4) quantity is 4-8, and the position is evenly distributed on the periphery of top panel (1) and lower panel (3).
5. grain loss monitoring sensor with array buoyant raft structure according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, top panel (1) adopts stainless steel, aluminium alloy or bakelite material, and thickness is 0.5-1 mm.
6. grain loss monitoring sensor with array buoyant raft structure according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, lower panel (3) adopts stainless steel material, and thickness is 1-1.5 mm.
7. grain loss monitoring sensor with array buoyant raft structure according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described sensing element (2) adopts the PVDF piezoelectric membrane, the rigid center, the back side that is bonded in top panel (1), when top panel (1) is subject to producing micro-strain after cereal and assorted remaining the impact, sensing element (2) produces stress, and the output charge signal; Sensing element (2) is shaped as rectangle, and the length and width size is than little 10 mm of top panel (1), and thickness 30-100 μ m impacts the diverse location of plate (1) in the above, the consistent charge signal of sensing element (2) stable output more than guaranteeing cereal and mixing.
8. grain loss monitoring sensor with array buoyant raft structure according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, difference according to monitoring cereal mechanical characteristic, by material, thickness and the top panel (1) that changes top panel (1), the connected mode of lower panel (3), change the impact shock deformation characteristic of top panel (1), thereby change sensor to the sensitivity of cereal shock response.
9. grain loss monitoring sensor with array buoyant raft structure according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described signal modulation circuit (14) by electric charge amplification, anti-mixing and filtering, the amplification of absolute value peak detection, envelope detection, voltage ratio and whole wave circuit be composed in series successively, sensing element (2) monitors a cereal and impacts, standard square wave voltage signal of signal modulation circuit (14) output.
10. grain loss monitoring sensor with array buoyant raft structure according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described secondary meter (15) is take single-chip microcomputer as core, standard square wave voltage signal by high-speed counter tracer signal modulation circuit (14) output, calculate in real time the Grain Loss amount, the result shows by secondary meter (14) and communication is exported, when real-time loss amount surpasses setting value, and secondary meter (14) output alarm signal.
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| CN106856808A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2017-06-20 | 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 | Combine Harvester Grain flow detector and measuring method |
| CN108370712B (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2024-06-07 | 江苏大学 | Integrated multi-block double-layer cleaning loss monitoring device with manuscript-by-manuscript comb teeth |
| CN112042371B (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2021-07-20 | 中国农业大学 | Corn grain cleaning loss monitoring system and method |
| CN113305598B (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2024-04-19 | 霍山嘉远智能制造有限公司 | Multi-station machining tool for valve rod hole of thin eccentric butterfly valve |
| CN114402720B (en) * | 2021-12-25 | 2023-01-03 | 张相国 | Land leveling equipment with built-in sundry collecting mechanism |
| CN116989733B (en) * | 2023-06-29 | 2024-05-31 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | Method for monitoring deformation and rigid displacement of complex floating raft structure |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP1894461A1 (en) * | 2006-08-31 | 2008-03-05 | Monsanto Agrar Deutschland GmbH | System for real-time analysis of silage ingredients |
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| CN100506013C (en) * | 2005-10-14 | 2009-07-01 | 河南科技大学 | Real time monitoring method for random loss rate of combine harvester |
| CN201536492U (en) * | 2009-07-20 | 2010-08-04 | 江苏大学 | Method for monitoring entrainment loss of combined harvester for grain |
| CN102138383A (en) * | 2010-01-28 | 2011-08-03 | 中国农业机械化科学研究院 | Method and device for measuring grain loss spatial distribution of combine harvester |
| CN102090207A (en) * | 2010-12-24 | 2011-06-15 | 江苏大学 | Method and device for detecting cleaning loss of grain combine |
| CN202514302U (en) * | 2011-11-14 | 2012-11-07 | 江苏大学 | Grain loss monitoring sensor with array buoyant raft structure |
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| EP1894461A1 (en) * | 2006-08-31 | 2008-03-05 | Monsanto Agrar Deutschland GmbH | System for real-time analysis of silage ingredients |
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