CN102138383A - Method and device for measuring grain loss spatial distribution of combine harvester - Google Patents
Method and device for measuring grain loss spatial distribution of combine harvester Download PDFInfo
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- CN102138383A CN102138383A CN2010101029530A CN201010102953A CN102138383A CN 102138383 A CN102138383 A CN 102138383A CN 2010101029530 A CN2010101029530 A CN 2010101029530A CN 201010102953 A CN201010102953 A CN 201010102953A CN 102138383 A CN102138383 A CN 102138383A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and device for measuring grain loss spatial distribution of a combine harvester. The method comprises the following steps of: providing an array type sensor; mounting the array type sensor at a position of the combine harvester with loss to be measured; converting impacting force of seed, short stalk and light impure materials to the surface of the sensor into an electric signal; providing a signal regulating circuit to process the signal provided by the array type sensor in real time; distinguishing the signals of the seed from other material signals; pulse-counting; providing a single-chip processor to count the loss amount of each array unit based on the value in pulse counting, and calculating the grain loss spatial distribution information based on the unit size and the distribution information of the array type sensor; providing a display device to receive the grain loss spatial distribution information through a serial port; and displaying the information in real time. By use of the method and the device for measuring grain loss spatial distribution of the combine harvester, the grain and grass can be effectively distinguished, the grain loss spatial distribution information can be obtained, and quantitative monitoring of the grain loss in real time can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is precision agriculture mechanized equipment online measuring technique field, relates to a kind of intelligent detection equipment of combine, relates in particular to measuring method and measurement mechanism thereof that a kind of combine cereal loss distributes.
Background technology
Combine inevitably can produce various grain losses when farm work.And a cardinal principle in the combine instructions for use is under the situation that guarantees the grain loss minimum, improves the facility pace, thereby at utmost brings into play the production efficiency of combine.In order to measure the cereal loss, the at present domestic common employing manual observation method of seed is on the ground judged, perhaps adopt artificial method, will be by the effluent of separating mechanism, by the effluent of dressing mechanism and the whole emersion objects such as seed that enter silo via the seed elevator, collect respectively, through handling, classification, weigh, and then calculate loss amount, above-mentioned manual method not only can not METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS DETERMINATION, and the amount of labour is very big, can not provide timely for the driver well, effectively loss monitoring information and the percent of loss that draws are influenced by objective factor and accurate inadequately.
The at present domestic cereal that has also occurred adopting installation cereal loss sensor to measure combine loses, be at the separating mechanism of combine and the afterbody sensor installation of dressing mechanism, but this mode is also just measured the absolute value of cereal loss, can not realize real-time monitoring.And adopt sensor to measure that the cereal loss has also occurred at the measuring accuracy that improves cereal loss sensor and the paper of experimental study corresponding to combine, stepped on " experimental study of combine cereal loss sensor " literary composition as " agricultural research " 2007 the 10th periodicals and just disclosed, lost the test degree of sensor in order to the cereal that improves combine cereal loss sensor construction improvement project.
The real time monitoring method for random loss rate of combine that Chinese patent 200510018095.0 has also disclosed a kind of " real time monitoring method for random loss rate of combine " this invention announcement is to adopt in the relevant position of combine workpiece feed quantity sensor, grain harvest quantity sensor, seed loss sensor are installed, and gathers random feed quantity, grain harvest amount, the seed loss amount signal of combine; Signal amplification, conditioning, conversion are transferred to calculator; Calculator is analyzed and is handled, and draws feed quantity, GVG ratio, separation losses rate, cleaning loss percentage and the total loss rate result of combine; Show by display unit.This method is carried out signal acquisition process to the sensor that a plurality of positions are provided with, and is comparatively loaded down with trivial details.
The grain loss sensor of being installed on the external combine is normally installed a slice piezoelectric ceramics at a block length on the square or round iron plate center, when the impact microphone iron plate of grain whereabouts, iron plate produces mechanical oscillation, change corresponding electric impulse signal into through piezoelectric ceramics, signal is differentiated processing, thereby obtain seed amount.Said method is limited to the type of sensitive material on the one hand and can not significantly improves the upper limit of the collision frequency of surveying, thereby reduction certainty of measurement, the seed evapotranspiration in the sensor measurement scope can only be obtained on the other hand, and the loss spatial distribution state in the measured zone can't be obtained.Therefore, the spatial distribution of seed loss is significant for monitoring combine service behaviour.
How solving combine cereal, to lose online problems of measurement be one of importance of combining machine monitoring, significant for the quality and the efficient that improve the combine harvest operation.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of at combine cereal loss measurement, the cereal loss measuring method and the device of the spatial distribution that proposes, to realize the near real-time quantitative monitoring of cereal loss, measuring for all kinds of cereal losses of combine provides favourable support.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of measuring method of combine cereal loss spatial distribution, comprising:
Step 1 provides array-type sensor and is installed on the correspondence position of the required measurement of combine loss, will comprise seed, short stem and gently assorted surplus material the surface impacts power of array-type sensor is converted to the signal of telecommunication;
Step 2 provides signal conditioning circuit, handles the signal that array-type sensor provides in real time, with seed and unclassified stores signal distinguishing, step-by-step counting;
Step 3 provides processor of single chip computer, according to the loss amount of each array element of the numerical computations array-type sensor of described step-by-step counting, and in conjunction with the unit size and the distributed intelligence of array-type sensor, calculates the space distribution information of cereal loss;
Step 4 provides display unit to receive cereal loss space distribution information by serial line interface, and shows in real time.
The measuring method of above-mentioned combine cereal loss spatial distribution, wherein, the signal conditioning circuit that provides in the described step 2 comprises: the charge conversion amplification module, the frequency discrimination filtration module, the shaping pulse module, high speed counting module, described charge conversion amplification module connects array-type sensor and frequency discrimination filtration module, the charge signal conversion that is used for array-type sensor is produced is enlarged into voltage signal, described frequency discrimination filtration module connects charge conversion amplification module and shaping pulse module, be used to extract seed, the feature of short stem and light assorted surplus signal, according to these signal characteristic differences, filtering short stem and light assorted surplus signal, keep the seed signal, described shaping pulse module connects frequency discrimination filtering and high speed counting module, the seed signal shaping that is used for telling is the standard square-wave signal, described high speed counting module connects the shaping pulse module, is used for the counting to the standard square-wave signal of shaping output.
The measuring method of above-mentioned combine cereal loss spatial distribution, wherein, described array-type sensor be installed as with level at an angle.
The measuring method of above-mentioned combine cereal loss spatial distribution, wherein, the array element of described array-type sensor constitutes sensing element for adopting the polyvinylidene fluoride piezoelectric membrane.
To achieve these goals, the present invention also provides a kind of measurement mechanism of combine cereal loss spatial distribution, comprising:
Array-type sensor is installed on the correspondence position of the required measurement of combine loss, is used for being converted to the signal of telecommunication with comprising seed, short stem and the gently assorted surplus material surface impacts power to array-type sensor;
Signal conditioning circuit connects array-type sensor, is used for handling in real time the signal that array-type sensor provides, with seed and unclassified stores signal distinguishing, step-by-step counting.
Processor of single chip computer, connect signal conditioning circuit, each array element loss amount of the count value computing array formula sensor that provides according to signal conditioning circuit, and, calculate the space distribution information of cereal loss according to the unit size and the distributed intelligence of array-type sensor;
Display unit connects processor of single chip computer by serial communication interface, is used to receive cereal loss space distribution information, and shows in real time.
The measurement mechanism of above-mentioned combine cereal loss spatial distribution, wherein, described array-type sensor comprises: array-type sensor body, the upper strata PET protective layer that is pasted on the upper and lower surface of array-type sensor body, the PET of lower floor protective layer.
The measurement mechanism of above-mentioned combine cereal loss spatial distribution; wherein; described array-type sensor also comprises: rubber damping layer and aluminium alloy base plate; described rubber damping layer is arranged under the described PET of the lower floor protective layer; described aluminium alloy base plate is arranged under the described rubber damping layer, the sensing element of each array element of described array-type sensor for adopting the polyvinylidene fluoride piezoelectric membrane to constitute.
The measurement mechanism of above-mentioned combine cereal loss spatial distribution, wherein, described signal conditioning circuit comprises: the charge conversion amplification module, the frequency discrimination filtration module, the shaping pulse module, high speed counting module, described charge conversion amplification module connects array-type sensor and frequency discrimination filtration module, the charge signal conversion that is used for array-type sensor is produced is enlarged into voltage signal, described frequency discrimination filtration module connects charge conversion amplification module and shaping pulse module, be used to extract seed, the feature of short stem and light assorted surplus signal, according to these signal characteristic differences, filtering short stem and light assorted surplus signal, keep the seed signal, described shaping pulse module connects frequency discrimination filtering and high speed counting module, the seed signal shaping that is used for telling is the standard square-wave signal, described high speed counting module connects the shaping pulse module, is used for the counting to the standard square-wave signal of shaping output.
The measurement mechanism of above-mentioned combine cereal loss spatial distribution, wherein, described array-type sensor is be installed in the measured position a plurality of, and respectively with level at an angle.
The measurement mechanism of above-mentioned combine cereal loss spatial distribution, wherein, each array element of described array-type sensor is separate, the electrode of each array element of described array-type sensor all adopts the cold end terminal mode to draw, and described modulate circuit has the independently treatment channel corresponding respectively with each array element of described array-type sensor.
Technique effect of the present invention is: the measuring method and the device thereof of the combine cereal loss spatial distribution that the present invention discloses, can effectively distinguish millet straw, and the space distribution information of acquisition cereal loss, realizing the near real-time quantitative monitoring of cereal loss, the detection of carrying, cleaning etc. loss for combine secretly is all significant.
Describe the present invention below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, but not as a limitation of the invention.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the measurement mechanism structured flowchart of combine cereal loss spatial distribution;
Fig. 2, Fig. 2 a are array-type sensor overall structure and partial structurtes schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the signal conditioning circuit structured flowchart;
Fig. 4 is the measuring method step schematic diagram of combine cereal loss spatial distribution.
Wherein, Reference numeral
10 array-type sensors
11 upper strata PET diaphragms
12 array-type sensor bodies
13 PET of lower floor diaphragms
14 rubber damping layers
15 aluminium alloy base plates
16 sensor unit electrodes
17 sensor unit contact conductors
18 Du Pont's plugs
101 sensor distributed intelligences
20 signal conditioning circuits
21 charge conversion amplification modules
22 frequency discrimination filtration modules
23 shaping pulse modules
24 high speed counting modules
30 processor of single chip computer
40 display unit
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing structural principle of the present invention and operation principle are done concrete description:
According to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, embodiment shown in Figure 3, the present invention discloses a kind of measurement mechanism of combine cereal loss spatial distribution, comprising: array-type sensor 10, signal conditioning circuit 20, processor of single chip computer 30, display unit 40.
As shown in Figure 1, lose the measurement mechanism structured flowchart of spatial distribution for combine cereal of the present invention.
Array-type sensor 10 is installed on the position of the required measurement of combine loss during application, the threshing material that is used for comprising seed, short stem and gently assorted component such as surplus is converted to the signal of telecommunication to the impulsive force of sensor surface;
Processor of single chip computer 30 links to each other with signal conditioning circuit 20, is used for calculating each array element loss amount according to described count value, and according to the unit size and the distributed intelligence 101 of array-type sensor, calculates the space distribution information of cereal loss;
As shown in Figure 2, be array-type sensor overall structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Array-type sensor 10 comprises: the array-type sensor body of being made up of a plurality of array elements (sensor unit) 12; the quantity of sensor unit can customize according to actual needs; the contact conductor 15 of each sensor unit electrode 14 links to each other with signal conditioning circuit 20 by Du Pont's plug 16, and the upper and lower surface of array-type sensor body 12 is respectively arranged with upper strata PET diaphragm 11, the PET of lower floor diaphragm 13.
The threshing material shock transducer upper strata PET diaphragm 11 that comprises seed, short stem and gently assorted component such as surplus, the PVDF sensor unit of correspondence position is experienced the material surge that upper strata PET diaphragm 11 transmits, and the sensor pressurized produces the corresponding charge signal; Sending into signal conditioning circuit 20 by contact conductor 15 through Du Pont's plug 16 handles.
Shown in Fig. 2 a, be array-type sensor partial structurtes schematic diagram of the present invention.
Further in actual applications, the array-type sensor 10 of the present invention's announcement also comprises: rubber damping layer 14 and aluminium alloy base plate 15.
Upper strata PET diaphragm 11 and the PET of lower floor diaphragm 13 are pasted on the upper and lower surface of array-type sensor body 12, are used to protect sensor material not frayed;
Array-type sensor body 12 between upper strata PET diaphragm 11 and the PET of lower floor diaphragm 13, is used to respond to ambient pressure, and force signal is converted to the signal of telecommunication, carries out subsequent treatment;
Aluminium alloy base plate 15 is positioned under the rubber damping layer 14, is used to support the whole sensor part.
The array-type sensor that the present invention discloses is based on PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) piezoelectric transducer of array distribution, specifically, be to adopt polyvinylidene fluoride piezoelectric membrane based on array distribution for forming a plurality of sensing elements of array, the electrode of each sensing unit all adopts the cold end terminal mode to draw, make each array element independent fully, each sensing unit is the treatment circuit of corresponding autonomous channel respectively, just modulate circuit has the independently treatment channel corresponding respectively with each sensing unit of array-type sensor, and sensor array and modulate circuit be integrated in one, improved precision and the reliability measured.
The measurement mechanism of the combine cereal loss spatial distribution that the present invention discloses, can also adopt a plurality of array-type sensors are installed in the measured position, and each array-type sensor all with level at an angle, thereby the seed loss that can obtain whole measurement space distributes.
As shown in Figure 3, be array-type sensor signal conditioning circuit structure chart of the present invention.
In Fig. 3, signal conditioning circuit comprises: charge conversion amplification module 21, frequency discrimination filtration module 22, shaping pulse module 23, high speed counting module 24.
Charge conversion amplification module 21 connects PVDF array-type sensor 10 and frequency discrimination filtration module 22, and the charge signal conversion that is used for the PVDF array-type sensor is produced is enlarged into voltage signal, is convenient to follow-up signal and handles;
Frequency discrimination filtration module 22 connects charge conversion amplification module 21 and shaping pulse module 23, is used to extract the feature of seed, short stem and the surplus signal of gently mixing, according to these signal characteristic differences, filtering short stem and light assorted surplus signal keep the seed signal, thereby reach the purpose of differentiating millet straw;
Shaping pulse module 23 connects frequency discrimination filtering 22 and high speed counting module 24, is used for the seed signal shaping that will tell, makes it to become the standard square-wave signal;
High speed counting module 24 connects shaping pulse module 23 and processor of single chip computer 30, is used for the counting to the standard square-wave signal of shaping output;
Single-chip microcomputer 30, connect high speed counting module 24, and be connected with communication interface, be used for the measured seed loss amount of count value calculating, and calculate the space distribution information of cereal loss according to sensor array distribution situation information 101 according to the standard square-wave signal of shaping output.
As shown in Figure 4, lose the measuring method step schematic diagram of spatial distribution for combine cereal.
The measuring method of the combine cereal loss spatial distribution that the present invention discloses adopts the combine cereal of above-mentioned announcement to lose the measurement mechanism of spatial distribution, comprises step:
S100 is installed on the correspondence position of the required measurement of combine loss with array-type sensor 10, will comprise seed, short stem and gently assorted surplus material the impulsive force of array sensor surface is converted to the signal of telecommunication;
S200 by signal conditioning circuit 20, handles the signal that array-type sensor provides in real time, with seed and unclassified stores signal distinguishing, step-by-step counting.
S300 by processor of single chip computer 30, according to each array element loss amount of the numerical computations array-type sensor of step-by-step counting, and according to the unit size and the distributed intelligence 101 of array-type sensor, calculates the space distribution information of cereal loss;
S400, the serial line interface that connects via processor of single chip computer 30 by display unit 40 receives cereal loss space distribution information, and shows in real time.
Wherein, the signal conditioning circuit that provides among the step S200 comprises: charge conversion amplification module 21, frequency discrimination filtration module 22, shaping pulse module 23, high speed counting module 24.
Charge conversion amplification module 21 connects PVDF array-type sensor 10 and frequency discrimination filtration module 22, and the charge signal conversion that is used for the PVDF array-type sensor is produced is enlarged into voltage signal, is convenient to follow-up signal and handles;
Frequency discrimination filtration module 22 connects charge conversion amplification module 21 and shaping pulse module 23, is used to extract the feature of seed, short stem and the surplus signal of gently mixing, according to these signal characteristic differences, filtering short stem and light assorted surplus signal keep the seed signal, thereby reach the purpose of differentiating millet straw;
Shaping pulse module 23 connects frequency discrimination filtering 22 and high speed counting module 24, is used for the seed signal shaping that will tell, makes it to become the standard square-wave signal;
High speed counting module 24 connects shaping pulse module 23 and processor of single chip computer 30, is used for the counting to the standard square-wave signal of shaping output.
Wherein, array-type sensor is based on PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) piezoelectric transducer of array distribution, specifically, be to adopt polyvinylidene fluoride piezoelectric membrane based on array distribution for forming a plurality of sensing elements of array, the electrode of each sensing unit all adopts the cold end terminal mode to draw, make each array element independent fully, each sensing unit is the treatment circuit of corresponding autonomous channel respectively, just modulate circuit has the independently treatment channel corresponding respectively with each sensing unit of array-type sensor, and sensor array and modulate circuit be integrated in one, improved precision and the reliability measured.
Wherein, array-type sensor can adopt install in the measured position one or more, and each array-type sensor all with level at an angle, thereby the seed that can obtain whole measurement space loses distribution.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further describe technical scheme of the present invention.
Array-type sensor is installed on the position of the required measurement loss of combine, sensor and horizontal direction are at an angle, when combine carries out farm work, when the threshing material that comprises plump seed, short stem and light assorted different component such as surplus falls to array-type sensor, sensor is produced impulsive force, and produce charge signal.Charge conversion amplification module in the signal conditioning circuit converts this charge signal to voltage signal, because seed, short stem are different with frequency with the signal amplitude of gently assorted surplus generation, the frequency discrimination filter circuit according to these different characteristics with seed and short stem and light assorted surplus making a distinction, extract the impact signal of seed, pulse shaper carries out shaping to the seed signal that obtains to be handled, make it to become the square-wave signal of standard, send into high speed counting module.Processor of single chip computer calculates the seed loss amount of each array element according to count value, obtains the space distribution information of seed loss amount simultaneously according to the array distribution situation of loss sensor.Single-chip microcomputer is sent into the loss amount Displaying Meter that is installed on driver's cabin with space distribution information by serial line interface, makes things convenient for driver's real-time monitored.
To sum up, cereal provided by the present invention loss measurement mechanism is installed on the position difference of combine according to measuring transducer, can measure dissimilar cereal losses such as carrying secretly, clean.
Certainly; the present invention also can have other various embodiments; under the situation that does not deviate from spirit of the present invention and essence thereof; those of ordinary skill in the art work as can make various corresponding changes and distortion according to the present invention, but these corresponding changes and distortion all should belong to the protection domain of the appended claim of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the measuring method of a combine cereal loss spatial distribution is characterized in that, comprising:
Step 1 provides array-type sensor and is installed on the correspondence position of the required measurement of combine loss, will comprise seed, short stem and gently assorted surplus material the surface impacts power of array-type sensor is converted to the signal of telecommunication;
Step 2 provides signal conditioning circuit, handles the signal that array-type sensor provides in real time, with seed and unclassified stores signal distinguishing, step-by-step counting;
Step 3 provides processor of single chip computer, according to the loss amount of each array element of the numerical computations array-type sensor of described step-by-step counting, and in conjunction with the unit size and the distributed intelligence of array-type sensor, calculates the space distribution information of cereal loss;
Step 4 provides display unit to receive cereal loss space distribution information by serial line interface, and shows in real time.
2. the measuring method of combine cereal loss spatial distribution according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the signal conditioning circuit that provides in the described step 2 comprises: the charge conversion amplification module, the frequency discrimination filtration module, the shaping pulse module, high speed counting module, described charge conversion amplification module connects array-type sensor and frequency discrimination filtration module, the charge signal conversion that is used for array-type sensor is produced is enlarged into voltage signal, described frequency discrimination filtration module connects charge conversion amplification module and shaping pulse module, be used to extract seed, the feature of short stem and light assorted surplus signal, according to these signal characteristic differences, filtering short stem and light assorted surplus signal, keep the seed signal, described shaping pulse module connects frequency discrimination filtering and high speed counting module, the seed signal shaping that is used for telling is the standard square-wave signal, described high speed counting module connects the shaping pulse module, is used for the counting to the standard square-wave signal of shaping output.
3. the measuring method of combine cereal according to claim 1 loss spatial distribution is characterized in that, described array-type sensor be installed as with level at an angle.
4. according to the measuring method of claim 1,2 or 3 described combine cereal loss spatial distributions, it is characterized in that the array element of described array-type sensor constitutes sensing element for adopting the polyvinylidene fluoride piezoelectric membrane.
5. the measurement mechanism of a combine cereal loss spatial distribution is characterized in that, comprising:
Array-type sensor is installed on the correspondence position of the required measurement of combine loss, is used for being converted to the signal of telecommunication with comprising seed, short stem and the gently assorted surplus material surface impacts power to array-type sensor;
Signal conditioning circuit connects array-type sensor, is used for handling in real time the signal that array-type sensor provides, with seed and unclassified stores signal distinguishing, step-by-step counting.
Processor of single chip computer, connect signal conditioning circuit, each array element loss amount of the count value computing array formula sensor that provides according to signal conditioning circuit, and, calculate the space distribution information of cereal loss according to the unit size and the distributed intelligence of array-type sensor;
Display unit connects processor of single chip computer by serial communication interface, is used to receive cereal loss space distribution information, and shows in real time.
6. the measurement mechanism of combine cereal loss spatial distribution according to claim 5; it is characterized in that described array-type sensor comprises: array-type sensor body, the upper strata PET protective layer that is pasted on the upper and lower surface of array-type sensor body, the PET of lower floor protective layer.
7. the measurement mechanism of combine cereal loss spatial distribution according to claim 6; it is characterized in that; described array-type sensor also comprises: rubber damping layer and aluminium alloy base plate; described rubber damping layer is arranged under the described PET of the lower floor protective layer; described aluminium alloy base plate is arranged under the described rubber damping layer, the sensing element of each array element of described array-type sensor for adopting the polyvinylidene fluoride piezoelectric membrane to constitute.
8. the measurement mechanism of combine cereal loss spatial distribution according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described signal conditioning circuit comprises: the charge conversion amplification module, the frequency discrimination filtration module, the shaping pulse module, high speed counting module, described charge conversion amplification module connects array-type sensor and frequency discrimination filtration module, the charge signal conversion that is used for array-type sensor is produced is enlarged into voltage signal, described frequency discrimination filtration module connects charge conversion amplification module and shaping pulse module, be used to extract seed, the feature of short stem and light assorted surplus signal, according to these signal characteristic differences, filtering short stem and light assorted surplus signal, keep the seed signal, described shaping pulse module connects frequency discrimination filtering and high speed counting module, the seed signal shaping that is used for telling is the standard square-wave signal, described high speed counting module connects the shaping pulse module, is used for the counting to the standard square-wave signal of shaping output.
9. according to the measurement mechanism of claim 5,6 or 7 described combine cereal loss spatial distributions, it is characterized in that described array-type sensor is be installed in the measured position a plurality of, and respectively with level at an angle.
10. lose the measurement mechanism of spatial distributions according to claim 6 or 7 described combine cereal, it is characterized in that, each array element of described array-type sensor is separate, the electrode of each array element of described array-type sensor all adopts the cold end terminal mode to draw, described array-type sensor and described modulate circuit are integrated in one, and described modulate circuit has the independently treatment channel corresponding respectively with each array element of described array-type sensor.
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