CN202902268U - Multi-nozzle pulverized coal combustion device - Google Patents
Multi-nozzle pulverized coal combustion device Download PDFInfo
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- CN202902268U CN202902268U CN 201220000169 CN201220000169U CN202902268U CN 202902268 U CN202902268 U CN 202902268U CN 201220000169 CN201220000169 CN 201220000169 CN 201220000169 U CN201220000169 U CN 201220000169U CN 202902268 U CN202902268 U CN 202902268U
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- burner
- coal
- secondary air
- boiler
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Abstract
The utility model provides a pulverized coal combustion device used for combustion of coal with relatively poor quality and applied to industrial boilers. The combustion device comprises an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder and is provided with a pulverized coal start-up burner, a central direct-flow pulverized coal burner, a central rotational flow pulverized coal burner, central interlayer secondary air ports, rotational flow secondary air ports, and a direct-flow secondary air port. During stable combustion of the start-up burner, the central direct-flow pulverized coal burner and the central rotational flow pulverized coal burner can realize stable and full combustion of the pulverized coal with different quality. By employing cold air for controlling combustion temperature, the combustion device prevents generation of a large quantity of NOx pollutant.
Description
Technical field
The utility model proposes a kind of burner of the different ature of coal coal dusts that can burn, be suitable for the fields, particularly boiler load variation industrial production and heating process greatly such as industrial production boiler, heating boiler.Under the boiler heating surface permanence condition, realize the variable load operation of middle-size and small-size pulverized-coal fired boiler.
Background technology
It is coal that share about 70% is arranged in the energy structure in China, and coal mainly is burning utilization, wherein almost is used for boiler about half.China has 50～600,000 Industrial Boilers, and these boilers nearly all are coal-burning boilers except pressure changes the burning natural gas, and annual coal consumption amount is above 400,000,000 tons.In the coal-burning boiler, capacity accounts for 80% below 20t/h, and average size is about more than the 4t/h, and the overwhelming majority is conventional chains furnace grate and rigid grate handwarmer, and boiler efficiency is not high, usually about 60%.The power consumption of latter's boiler operatiopn is high, and the dust of boiler emission is large on the impact of environment.
The coal particle burning is subject to the restriction of some factors, such as temperature, oxygen supply, fuel concentration and other physical conditions.In addition, particle size, mixing condition etc. are also determining the after-flame effect of coal particle.
Grate firing boiler uses the particle of tens of mm sizes, burns at fire grate with laminated form.The shortcoming of this combustion system shows: 1. the particle tail-off time differs large and the fire grate running speed is fixed.2. the gas permeability of layer combustion is inhomogeneous, even can adopt auxiliary layering means, fine grained also consists of huge obstruction to combustion process to the resistance of combustion air.3. rely on larger to operating technology.Operating personnel's qualification directly affects combustion efficiency.
From the Combustion angle, the coal particle tail-off time be proportional to the coal particle size square, the tail-off time of burning coal particle thin and needing is short.On the other hand, the oxygen that burning needs in time supply burning to need, this realizes by Secondary Air on pulverized-coal fired boiler.Except timely oxygen supply, the oxygen of confession also need well to mix with coal dust.These combustion processes have obtained realizing preferably on pulverized-coal fired boiler.
Coal dust firing has an important defective, and the power consumption of pulverized coal preparation is too high.The coal-grinding power consumption of the medium-speed pulverizer that use in the thermal power plant is up to 6～9kWh/t, and the ball mill power consumption is 1.5～2 times of medium-speed pulverizer.And small-sized industrial boiler can not obtain the coal-grinding power consumption of this grade, uses medium-speed pulverizer powder process unless some Industrial Boilers are united, and adopts pipeline conveying or tank car to carry for powder.Concentrate powder process in case adopt, press the operation way of boiler dispensing, the combustion of industrial boiler coal dust just can overcome the high shortcoming of powder process power consumption, reaches the powder process operating cost identical with thermal power plant.
Like this, the combustion of industrial boiler coal dust improves the channel that efficiency of combustion and boiler efficiency have just obtained economical operation.If some boiler rooms do not possess concentrated powder feeding condition, can adopt the compact multi-level fan mill, although power consumption is still higher, because the economic benefit that boiler efficiency improves is far above the consumption of coal-grinding power consumption, it is considerable that economic benefit remains.
Coal dust uses existing historical for many years at Industrial Boiler.Early stage application is to occur as the independent burning system on grate firing boiler.Be that the layer combustion system is constant, in burner hearth, spray into coal dust, strengthen the burning and the diabatic process that occur in the burner hearth, obtained good technique effect.But because every boiler is equipped with a coal pulverizer, the coal pulverizer power consumption " has been eaten up " greatly energy-saving effect.
Patent application and the situation of authorizing of industrial coal powder boiler research are fairly simple, although some patents (such as the applicable various industry of Li Chunfu proposition, the boiler coal-ash combustor (application number 95111916.8) of civil boiler) were arranged last century, and the defective that a lot of patents demonstrate in implementation process causes the application of coal dust on Industrial Boiler to be gone no further.Not Studies on Literature or patent before 2005, the combustion of industrial boiler coal dust all rarely has report.Rose in 2005, China Coal Research Institute has obtained 10 left and right sides patents around industrial coal powder boiler, have at least three kinds of type of furnaces to obtain patent (200520002170.X Horizontal industrial coal dust boiler, 200920108895.5 a horizontal type double-flue industrial coal powder boiler and 200920108897.4 1 kinds of horizontal type double-casing industrial coal powder boilers), Patents relates to automatic control system, dust pelletizing system and oil supply system etc.Document shows, the pulverized coal combustion of China Coal Research Institute has good combustion efficiency, the specific targets such as efficiency of combustion and boiler efficiency are all very outstanding, ignition temperature in the experimental rig is no more than 1200 ℃, and (Ji flies, Ji Renshan, what naval, Wang Naiji, the experimental study of industrial coal powder boiler coal adaptability), burner also carried out careful computer optimization (Ji Renshan, industrial coal powder boiler numerical simulation of combustion, the 34th volume the 12nd phase coal journal, 2009), and formed tandem product (what naval, Ji Renshan, Wang Naiji, the research and development of efficient pulverized coal industrial system and application, coal science and technology the 37th volume o. 11th, 2009).But pertinent literature also reflects, the industrial coal powder boiler of China Coal Research Institute exploitation has the defect of " particular about food ".The burned coal of namely can only " eating flour and rice ".The example how naval (2009) provides, coal powder boiler combustion be the coal of 26359kJ/kg (6295kcal/kg) calorific value, the such raw coal of 1kg is equivalent to the 0.9kg standard coal.This is extremely restricted with regard to the application that makes industrial coal powder boiler.The user in fat coal producing region (25.12MJ/kg or 6000kcal/kg, Guo Desheng, Wang Nan, Shi Peifu, new and effective little pulverized-coal fired boiler energy saving and emission reduction effects is outstanding, energy-conservation 2010) and accept the user that remote coal dust provides and delivers this technology is welcome.
The researcher once attempted to enlarge the fuel range of industrial coal powder boiler, with the boiler oil place of production, but owing to running into the problems such as ignition difficulties and boiler operatiopn state labile, finally have to abandon the effort (Guo Yongbao of fuel localization, Wang Shouxin, Guo Fuyan, Zhang Ruihua, try to make a comment the several problems that to pay close attention in the application of industrial coal powder boiler technology, scientific and technological information exploitation and economic the 16th phase of the 21st volume in 2011).
Summary of the invention
For adapting to the industrial coal powder boiler burning of relatively poor coal, the utility model has been developed multiple burner coal powder burner, and this device can the relatively poor coal of smooth combustion.
Multiple burner coal powder burner is double-layer sleeve structure, urceolus is the container that connects breeze airflow and Secondary Air, it is the coal dust firing space in the inner core, slit between the inner/outer tube is secondary air channel, be furnished with coal dust start-up burner, central straight flow coal-powder combustor and Swirl coal burner on the coal powder burner, center interlayer for secondary wind, tangential Secondary Air and direct-current secondary wind.Inner core is made of refractory material, has the tangential overfiren air port in 0～10 road on it, and tangential Secondary Air forms low temperature air film protection refractory material, and the control combustion temperature is no more than 1000～1300 ℃ with the generative process of NOx in the control combustion process simultaneously.The inner core root arranges 1～28 coal burner that adopts natural gas or fuel oil igniting, and each start-up burner can be born a part of burning load and regulate usefulness as minimum burning load.Central straight flow coal-powder combustor on the burner axis and Swirl coal burner are separated by center interlayer for secondary wind, cut apart the burning load ratio of central straight flow coal-powder combustor and Swirl coal burner according to the feature request of user's production or heating.
Fig. 1 is the principal section structure of multiple burner coal powder burner.
Multiple burner coal powder burner has 3 coal burners, i.e. igniting pulverized coal burner 6, Swirl coal burner 8 and central straight flow coal-powder combustor 10.Overfiren air port has 2, i.e. interlayer for secondary air port 9 and main overfiren air port 11, and main overfiren air port 11 is to tangential overfiren air port 3,4,5 and direct-current secondary air port 14 air feeds.
Support by annular burner 8 and the radial support structure 2 of being furnished with cyclone 12 between inner core and the urceolus.
After the burning torch 7 of electronic striking (can use natural gas or other gas liquid fuel) ignition, igniting pulverized coal burner 6 puts into operation, and the coal dust torch of formation is as the ignition flame of main burner.According to boiler load, main burner can be coal burner 10 or 8.After main burner 10 or 8 put into operation, Secondary Air 9 and 11 all put into operation.Wherein the combustion space of Secondary Air 11 burned devices is divided into two parts, and a part is tangential Secondary Air 5,4 and 3, and a part is direct-current secondary wind 14.Tangential Secondary Air is except the oxygen that the supply burning needs; also forming one deck cold air film separates the thermal-flame that burns with refractory material; both played the effect of protection combustion space refractory material, and played again and avoid the melting fly ash granule to stick the effect of coking at refractory material.Direct-current secondary wind 14 has the effect of protection combustion space refractory material 13 and outlet refractory material 1 concurrently.The flame that burning produces and flue gas are connected with boiler furnace after 1 rectification of outlet fireproof construction.Spray into boiler furnace after high-temperature flue gas process burner outlet 15 rectifications that burning produces.
Fig. 2 is the axial section structure of Fig. 1.
After electronic striking igniter 2 (natural gas or fuel oil) ignites, drive igniting pulverized coal burner 3 burnings, form the stable thermal source that catches fire, main burner 4 and 6 smooth combustions that assurance can burning low grade coal.Tangential Secondary Air advances between urceolus 9 and fireproof construction 8 and distributes, and enters main combustion space 1 burning by tangential entry 7.The insufficient section that main burner 4 and 6 intermediate arrangement have interlayer wind 5 to provide the main burner coal dust firing to need oxygen plays the effect of oxygen supply, promotion coal dust and oxygen mix, quality and Momentum Transfer.Tangential Secondary Air forms the low temperature air film between pulverized coal flame and fire-resistant inner core; its effect one is that protection is not fire-resistantly burnt out by thermal-flame; the 2nd, the flying dust of avoiding melting because of combustion high temperature deposits coking at fire-resistant inner core; the 3rd, the control combustion room temperature avoids hot conditions to cause a large amount of oxidations of airborne nitrogen to generate excessive NO x pollutant.
Main combustion space 1 is the principal space of coal dust firing, also is the interface that is connected with boiler.Tangential Secondary Air, direct-current secondary wind (see among Fig. 1 14) and interlayer for secondary wind are by the overfire air fan air feed; For powder, when using fat coal for a long time, main coal pulverizer is supply centre ignition combustor coal dust simultaneously by main coal pulverizer for main burner 4 and 6.When main burner 4 and 6 burning low grade coal, for fat coal, fat coal burning liberated heat guarantees the abundant burning of colm to start-up burner by independent coal pulverizer.The minimum capacity of start-up burner can be designed to the ignition heat of main breeze airflow, and actual heating load is decided on the ature of coal of colm and with the coupling of the main burner structure of determining.
Compared with prior art, the utility model has the following advantages:
1. when start-up burner burnt fat coal with minimum burning load, its heat that provides can guarantee the lower calorific value coal powder ignition burning that other burners use, as long as boiler furnace guarantees the subsequent combustion condition, the coal dust burn-off rate can obtain enough assurances.This advantage can overcome existing coal dust powder ignition, as long as boiler furnace guarantees the subsequent combustion condition, the coal dust burn-off rate can obtain enough assurances.This advantage can overcome the defective that existing coal powder fired boiler burner can only burn fat coal.
2. the multiple burner coal powder burner Swirl coal burner that designed coal dust start-up burner, central straight flow coal-powder combustor and separated by center interlayer for secondary wind.The tangential Secondary Air of design on the precombustion chamber wall is by a large amount of Secondary Air control precombustion chamber temperature.
3. each burner can isolated operation, and each burner is born certain boiler load, can adjust burner according to boiler load and drop into order when boiler load changes, and adapts to load variations by adjusting coal feeding amount and air quantity.
4. start-up burner both can be born the boiler ignition start process, can bear the boiler minimum load again.When pulverized-coal fired boiler used as heating boiler, start-up burner can be used as the heat supply of boiler minimum load, enlarged the stable operation of the boiler scope.
5. interlayer for secondary wind in center is in time supplied the burning oxygen consumption, strengthens gas-solid mixing, can effectively improve coal dust firing.
6. tangential Secondary Air also provides the cryogenic gas diaphragm except the burning oxygen supply, has cooled off on the one hand the combustion chamber wall, and particle and the burner wall with burning separates on the other hand, avoided combustion chamber wall coking.
7. direct-current secondary wind provides low-temperature protection for combustor exit, can avoid the combustor exit coking phenomenon.
8. move easy to adjust.Change for adapting to boiler load, can in allowed band, adjust the by a small margin variation that air capacity adapts to load on the one hand, can drop into to adapt to by changing burner on the other hand the significant variation of boiler load.This is very convenient for periodicity industrial production and heating boiler.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the principal section structure of multiple burner coal powder burner.
Fig. 2 is the axial section structure of Fig. 1.
Among Fig. 1: 1. export fireproof construction, 2. radial support structure, the 3. tangential Secondary Air entrance of first, 4. the tangential Secondary Air entrance of second, the 5. tangential Secondary Air entrance in the 3rd road, 6. igniting pulverized coal burner, 7. electronic striking burning torch, 8. Swirl coal burner, 9. center interlayer for secondary wind entrance, 10. central straight flow coal-powder combustor, 11. main Secondary Air entrance, 12. wind cyclones, 13. combustion space refractory materials, 14. the direct-current secondary air port, the outlet of 15. burners.
Among Fig. 2: 1. main combustion space, 2. electronic striking igniter, 3. igniting pulverized coal burner, 4. Swirl coal burner, 5. center interlayer for secondary wind entrance, 6. central straight flow coal-powder combustor, 7. tangential Secondary Air entrance, 8. combustion space fireproof construction, 9. urceolus.
The specific embodiment
Design fuel:
V
daf＝38.48％；C
ar＝57.24％；H
ar＝3.81％；O
ar＝7.16％；N
ar＝0.93％；S
ar＝0.46％；A
ar＝21.57％；M
ar＝8.85％；Q
ar，net＝22.2MJ/kg；
Flue gas characteristic:
V
k 0＝5.89Nm3/kg；V
RO2＝1.075Nm3/kg；V
N2O＝4.661Nm3/kg；V
H2O 0＝0.627Nm3/kg；V
y 0＝6.363Nm
3/kg；
The boiler design standard:
D=10t/h; P=1.27MPa; Saturated vapor; Computing fuel level: B
j=1247.75kg/h
Allocation of the amount of air
Design total blast volume: Q
t=8451.63m
3/ h, wherein a wind accounts for 25%, is 2112.91m3/h, and all the other are Secondary Air 6338.725m3/h;
Primary structure
Precombustion chamber combustion space (shown among Fig. 2 1) diameter 700mm, straight section length 600mm, have the tangential overfiren air port in 3 places (among Fig. 13,4,5) on the straight section, its quantity is respectively 6,8 and 6, size is respectively 100mm * 40mm and 100mm * 40mm, 50mm * 40mm, circumferencial direction is evenly arranged, and the position of wind cyclone of distance (among Fig. 1 12) is respectively 245mm, 395mm and 595mm.Igniting straight-through pulverized coal burner (among Fig. 1 6) pipe sizing: φ 78 * 6 outlets are facing to the burner outlet center.Built-in φ 25 * 4 igniter fuel pipes (among Fig. 1 7) and ignitor.Fuel duty 120kg/h can drive the boiler duty of 0.7～1.2t/h.
Central straight flow coal-powder combustor (among Fig. 1 10) size: φ 76 * 5, fuel duty 140kg/h can drive 0.8～1.5t/h boiler load;
Swirl coal burner (among Fig. 1 8) size: φ 213-φ 133 annular spaces, fuel duty 890kg/h can drive～the 8t/h boiler load;
Center interlayer for secondary wind entrance (among Fig. 1 9) size: φ 123-φ 76.5 annular spaces, secondary wind speed 42m/s, wind supply quantity 1100m
3/ h;
Tangential secondary air flow: 6338.725-1100=5238.725m
3/ h
Claims (5)
1. multiple burner coal powder burner that is used for Industrial Boiler, it is characterized in that: burner is double-layer sleeve structure, urceolus is the container that connects breeze airflow and Secondary Air, it is the coal dust firing space in the inner core, slit between the inner/outer tube is secondary air channel, be furnished with coal dust start-up burner, central burner and annular burner on the coal powder burner, interlayer for secondary wind, tangential Secondary Air and direct-current secondary wind.
2. multiple burner coal powder burner according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the inner core root arranges 1～28 coal burner that adopts natural gas or fuel oil igniting, and each start-up burner can be born a part of burning load and regulate usefulness as minimum burning load.
3. multiple burner coal powder burner according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the central burner on the burner axis and annular burner are separated by annular Secondary Air, cut apart the burning load ratio of central burner and annular burner according to the feature request of user's production or heating.
4. multiple burner coal powder burner according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: inner core is made of refractory material; have the tangential overfiren air port in 0～10 road on it; tangential Secondary Air forms low temperature air film protection refractory material, and the control combustion temperature is no more than 1000～1300 ℃ with the generative process of NOx in the control combustion process simultaneously.
5. multiple burner coal powder burner according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: interlayer wind is loop configuration, can be designed to direct-current secondary wind or swirl secondary air according to coal characteristic, between two burners, provide oxygen, and the means such as speed difference or eddy flow that are used alone or in combination strengthen with interlayer for secondary wind inside and outside the mixing of coal dust.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201220000169 CN202902268U (en) | 2012-01-04 | 2012-01-04 | Multi-nozzle pulverized coal combustion device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201220000169 CN202902268U (en) | 2012-01-04 | 2012-01-04 | Multi-nozzle pulverized coal combustion device |
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| CN202902268U true CN202902268U (en) | 2013-04-24 |
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| CN 201220000169 Expired - Fee Related CN202902268U (en) | 2012-01-04 | 2012-01-04 | Multi-nozzle pulverized coal combustion device |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106642084A (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2017-05-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Dual-register strong vortex melting combustor |
-
2012
- 2012-01-04 CN CN 201220000169 patent/CN202902268U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106642084A (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2017-05-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Dual-register strong vortex melting combustor |
| CN106642084B (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2019-07-26 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | It is a kind of double that wind is adjusted to be vortexed by force melting burner |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20130424 Termination date: 20140104 |