CN202768241U - Flexible-wing lifting force type high-power vertical axis wind turbine - Google Patents
Flexible-wing lifting force type high-power vertical axis wind turbine Download PDFInfo
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- CN202768241U CN202768241U CN2012202608643U CN201220260864U CN202768241U CN 202768241 U CN202768241 U CN 202768241U CN 2012202608643 U CN2012202608643 U CN 2012202608643U CN 201220260864 U CN201220260864 U CN 201220260864U CN 202768241 U CN202768241 U CN 202768241U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a flexible-wing lifting force type high-power vertical axis wind turbine, which is applied to the field of wind power utilization, and aims to overcome the disadvantages that the vertical axis wind wheel is not stable in the structure when the power is large, and bad in security under super-strong wind. To allow blades with large sizes to safely survive at dangerous high wind speed and halt, a special structure is adopted to enable the blades to automatically adjust the angle along the wind direction to follow the wind direction; and the blade wind-catching area is minimal and the resistance is minimal, too. When the power is large, supporting arms are very long, the blades are very heavy, and the supporting arms load a lot, the solution of increasing pivots and rails is adopted to transmit the gravity of the wind wheel to a circular rail through supporting legs and rollers; the pivots move along the supporting arms periodically; cross arms are outer wings to generate lifting force to cancel out a part of gravity; the outer surfaces of the supporting legs moving along the cross arms are shaped to be blade wing shape to provide power; and a resistance type wind wheel is added at the center of the wind wheel and above a supporting arm base, which not only can heighten the rooting point of stay cables, and ensure the pull force of the stay cables, but also can enlarge the starting torque and the running power of the whole wind wheel.
Description
Technical field
This practicality belongs to field of wind energy utilization, relates to the vertical axis aerogenerator technology, is specifically related to the powerful vertical-shaft wind machine technology of the movable lift-type of a kind of blade.
Background technique
Wind wheel is to be the device of mechanical energy with wind energy transformation, is the key of wind mill performance quality, is the emphasis of through engineering approaches application enhancements research.And the emphasis of wind wheel research just blade and support arm structure thereof.
Wind energy conversion system is divided into horizontal axis and vertical shaft two is main kind of.Vertical axis windmill (can be called for short Vertical shaft machines) is divided into resistance type and lift-type two classes, and what efficient was higher is the lift-type machine, and wherein most effective, also modal is H type lift-type machine.What the present invention studied also is H type lift vertical shaft machine.The lift vertical shaft wind energy conversion system does not have the support arm except Φ type (typical Dari eritrea type Darrieus), and other each type all can be summed up as the H type, all support arm must be arranged, and blade must be fixed in wheel hub by support arm.Support arm can increase the weight of wind wheel, can additionally increase simultaneously and sweep wind resistance, and power is done the difficult problem that conference increases support arm structure.Small-power wind energy conversion system below several kilowatts, the impact of the weight of support arm can also be ignored, and the support arm structure problem had just been given prominence to when power accomplished that hundred multikilowatts are above.Existing, as to have seen H type lift vertical shaft wind energy conversion system, that power is done greatlyr, can reach more than the hundreds of kilowatt, its arm length has reached 20 meters, and namely the wind wheel radius reaches 20 meters.H type lift-type machine blade all is positioned at the radius biggest place, and high-power machine individual blade weight can reach tonne.The following power of working as reaches MW class and even number megawatt hour, and required arm length will reach more than 40 meters and even 50 meters, and blade has larger weight.At this moment, even adding suspension cable, support arm also will be difficult to satisfy stable operation and safety requirement.This just need to have another kind of solution.
Obvious different being of blade of vertical axis wind turbine and horizontal axis machine blade, the characteristics of flat axle machine blade shape structure are that the thick tip of root is thin, are to become the chord length blade, whole area of contour is less; The Vertical shaft machines blade then is from top to bottom wide (etc. chord length), and entire area is larger.Vertical shaft machines will lean on larger blade area to obtain enough rotating powers just.Like this, when running into destructive high wind, the very large area that catches the wind bears very large windage, easily goes to pot.Existing Vertical shaft machines blade all is fixed-wing, and namely blade is fixed on the support arm can not any action.When large face facingd the wind, vane stress was very large, and is not rarely seen by the example that wind is broken.The safety problem of large-area blade is the large problem that high-power Vertical shaft machines must solve under high wind.
The H type Vertical shaft machines support arm that existing power is larger mostly is that level is horizontal.No matter the support arm level is horizontal or tilting, long support arm all needs the safety of suspension cable assurance support arm, and the angle between suspension cable and the support arm can not be too small.Guarantee this angle, just must improve suspension cable and take root a little.Existing H type Vertical shaft machines is to add a joint top cylinder to improve suspension cable and take root a little, and the cylinder that this joint is increased not only has no contribution to rotating power, also can produce disadvantageous flow-disturbing, and this problem also needs to improve.
Powerful wind wheel, because weight is very large, the thrust load of bearing is very large, rolling frictional resistance is also very important.On the other hand, do when large when power, the diameter of wheel hub must strengthen, and the bearing radius is also large, thereby the moment of rolling frictional resistance will strengthen.People always wish the rolling frictional resistance that a kind of way can reduce wind wheel, thereby reduce the running resistance square of wind wheel.Someone tested the way of so-called magnetic suspension bearing, but it is high that difficulty, complex structure, cost be installed very, loses more than gain, and is difficult to practicality.Therefore wishing to have a kind of both simple and feasibles and reliably measure.
Existing high-power flat axle machine, along with power is done larger and larger, cabin altitude is increased to 90 meters down to hundred meters from seventies meters, lifts the cabin also more and more higher with the needed crane user cost of maintenance large parts (such as generator, step-up gear).Flat axle machine researcher had studied the whole bag of tricks in order to solve this difficult problem, and wish moves down the large parts of transmission, comprised research hydraulic transmission technology etc., but all infeasible.And Vertical shaft machines one large benefit is that the multiple large parts of fault such as generator, speedup box can be placed on the middle, and cabin altitude can reduce much than flat axle machine.This also is the major reason that Vertical shaft machines is worth research and development.
Existing Vertical shaft machines all is long wheel hub, and how long blade has, and how long wheel hub just has, and H type, Φ type machine all are these characteristics, causes rocking that large, poor stability, weight are large, difficult processing, cost be high.
The model utility content
The technical problem that solves
The purpose of this utility model is to solve the problems referred to above and the deficiency that has lift vertical shaft wind energy conversion system technology now.For the above-mentioned practical problem of from engineering research, finding existence, purpose is to provide a kind of novel lift vertical shaft wind energy conversion system: when power accomplish very large, when support arm is very long, increase fulcrum, allow overhang be improved as the simply supported beam form, avoid support arm distortion and unstable; When facing a danger high wind, blade is released into free state from restrained state, blade can be freely swung to state with the wind around self axle box haul, reduce to greatest extent frontal resistance, eliminate the blade risk; High wind also will allow the controlled return of blade in the past; Increase a resistance wind wheel, both raised suspension cable and taken root a little, increase again auxiliary power, kill two birds with one stone; Take measures at horizontal support arm, allow horizontal support arm when operation, produce lift upwards, offset a part of gravity, to reduce the resisting moment of wind wheel running.Adopt a kind of way that the length of wheel hub is subtracted, equal proportion does not lengthen with length of blade.
For achieving the above object, the utility model adopts following technological scheme:
A kind of moving wing type lift force type high-power vertical shaft wind energy conversion system, by oblique support arm 8, horizontal support arm 10, suspension cable 11, the support arm pedestal 19 of vertical lift-type blade 1, blade, place resistance type wind wheel 17 on the support arm pedestal 19, fixedly wheel hub 22, supporting leg 13, roller 15, track 16, the track foundation 14 used of support arm pedestal forms, it is characterized in that: described vertical lift-type blade 1 is divided into holding part and movable section; Be provided with the fulcrum that is consisted of by supporting leg 13, roller 15, track 16 and track foundation 14 on the horizontal support arm 10; The top of described support arm pedestal 19 is provided with the resistance type wind wheel 17 of taking root at its top for suspension cable 11; The upper outside air-foil 38 that is surrounded by of the skeleton of described horizontal support arm 10; The upper outside aerofoil profile 40 that is surrounded by supporting leg of the skeleton of described supporting leg 13.
Described vertical lift-type blade 1 is comprised of blade upper movable section 2, blade top holding part 3, the movable section 4 in blade middle part, blade bottom holding part 5, the movable section 6 in blade bottom, sharf 7, between each holding part and the movable section, all be provided with blade return driving wheel 36 and the blade locating stud 37 of being controlled its action by the PLC instruction at the blade inner chamber, sharf 7 is located at the leading edge place in the blade.
Lien support arm 10 on the described supporting leg 13, lower dress roller 15; Described track 16 is at round circular orbit, and it is that motion connects that described roller 15 is connected with track.
The appearance of described supporting leg 13 is the aerofoil profile identical with vertical lift-type blade 1.
The outer table skeleton of described horizontal support arm 10 is the air foil shape of aircraft wing or lifting airscrew, i.e. the thriving shape 38 of horizontal support arm wrapper.
Described resistance type wind wheel 17 adopts decides wing formula or moving wing formula.
Described vertical lift-type blade 1 is triangular shape with oblique support arm 8, horizontal support arm 10, and tiltedly support arm 8 places the top of horizontal support arm 10, and tiltedly support arm 8 and horizontal support arm 10 are taken root jointly on same support arm pedestal 19; Support arm pedestal 19 is fixed on the wheel hub 22, and both became one, and the height of support arm pedestal 19 is higher than wheel hub 22 and can holds oblique support arm 8 and the thickness of 10 liang of arms of horizontal support arm.
In order to make wheel hub 22 short as far as possible, must upper branch arm is tilting, be oblique support arm 8, neighbouring near as far as possible for horizontal support arm 10, two arm roots down in the employing, jointly take root in the structural type of same support arm pedestal 19; 19 of support arm pedestals are fixed in wheel hub 22, and both became one, and the height of support arm pedestal 19 is also short as far as possible with wheel hub 22.With wind wheel be designed to the wing, arm is triangular shape.
The utlity model has following technique effect:
The roller of a point selection steel that increases on the horizontal support arm rolls with track and contacts, and surface friction drag is little; Increase fulcrum and make whole wind wheel balance and stability property improvement; Increased fulcrum, not only can improve the stressed of support arm, also so that support arm greatly reduce when the bending moment ratio of newel is not had this fulcrum, thereby can suitably reduce the diameter of newel, hub diameter can suitably reduce thereupon simultaneously, and the size of hub bearing also reduces thereupon, controlled manufacturing valency; Otherwise in the situation that support arm is very long, if there is not the fulcrum of this increase, except support arm itself must do very thick, newel and wheel hub, bearing all must be done very greatly; In addition, the fulcrum that a big chunk gravity of wind wheel is increased is shared, and makes centre bearing reduce pressure, has reduced the risk that centre bearing damages, and this bearing in case damage hangs after must disassembling whole wind wheel, be keep in repair trouble, maintenance cost the highest, be afraid of the parts changed most.Supporting leg among the present invention is the parts that kill two birds with one stone: both played the effect of supporting transverse arm, and played again the effect of blade.This be because: one, the supporting leg section is made the shape similar to blade section; Two, supporting leg has certain altitude (length); So supporting leg itself is exactly one section vertical auxiliary blade that can produce rotating power, rather than to the supporting leg that play single effect of rotating power without contribution.
Run into superpower wind speed, what be afraid of most is exactly that blade is blown bad.The main cause that blade wind is ruined is: wind-exposuring area is large, and the high wind continuous action reaches certain hour large of static blade, will destroy material.Meet and superpowerly becalm that each blade is random, different from the wind speed angle during machine, wind-exposuring area is different, is subjected to wind resistance different.The blade string of a musical instrument just becomes 0 degree with the wind speed angle, be in attitude with the wind, is subjected to the wind resistance minimum, and blade wind is ruined the probability minimum; The string of a musical instrument and wind speed become 90 degree just, are in the large face attitude of facining the wind, and are subjected to wind resistance maximum, and wind is ruined the probability maximum.The objective of the invention is, allow each blade when superpower wind attacks, all be released into free state, allow blade with the wind automatic swing to the resistance minimum state, i.e. attitude with the wind.Why can accomplish, be because sharf is not the geometrical center place that is in blade, but eccentric the arrangement, suffered wind-force has torque difference on the blade face of axle both sides, and blade can swing to the wind attitude with the wind just as wind vane like this.Key is to discharge, returning device.The reliable this purpose that realizes is also so that way simple in structure is that blade is divided into several sections---holding part and movable section, and holding part and support arm are fixed relationship forever, holding part is short as far as possible; Only have movable section be only both can be tied fixing, become one with holding part, can be released again and beat with the wind, movable section looks many than holding part, thereby protect to greatest extent blade safety.In fact, when power was accomplished very large, for example MW class, length of blade need reach tens meters, such as 60 meters, 80 meters, even in order to transport and to install, also blade will be divided into several sections.
Set up a resistance type wind wheel at newel and wheel hub top, such as traditional S form-drag wheel, but both auxiliary starter, increase rotating power, for providing, suspension cable takes root a little again, taking root a little is located at the top of resistance wheel, has improved at one stroke to take root a little, has guaranteed the angle that suspension cable needs.
Because track has sizable radius, it is less than the wind wheel radius but much larger than the centre bearing radius, therefore, it is exactly frictional resistance moment that frictional force on the track is multiplied by orbit radius, because of orbit radius than the large manyfold of bearing radius, in order to reduce this resisting moment, only way is exactly the positive pressure that reduces rolling friction on the track.One section of horizontal support arm is made the aircraft wing section, obtain lift during running, make this lift that makes progress offset a part of gravity, reduce the positive pressure of roller, reach the effect that reduces resisting moment.
The wing, arm are designed to be the triangular shape structural style, no matter how long blade has, wheel hub lengthens no longer thereupon.Even blade is accomplished seven, 80 meters, hub height can accomplish to only have several meters, solves foregoing problems at one stroke, and it is especially aobvious that cost reduces effect.Above-mentioned measure can bring good effect.By above-mentioned technology layout, can realize the purpose of the present invention described in the summary of the invention.
For beneficial effect is described, the spy does following analysis and proof:
One, large wind catching area and the intensity of draw money on credit arm problem, support arm and the contradiction of light body
Wind wheel obtains wind energy, lean on certain wind catching area, and the wind catching area of wind wheel is the area that the projection of solid of rotation border on the wind speed cross section surrounded, and simply says to be exactly the wind area.The wind catching area of wind wheel and its power that can send have the certain proportion relation, this relation usually all to refer under 12 meter per second wind speed and opinion.For example, press wind horse-power formula (EMBEDEquation.DSMT4), by the standard air density ρ on sea level=1.225kg/M
3, wind speed V=12 meter per second, this formula can be calculated necessarily the wind power of crossing among the wind area S; When the S=1 square meter, its wind power is 1.058 kilowatts, and this is wind power concentration.The power of wind wheel comes from the wind power in the wind catching area fully.The task of wind wheel is exactly to convert the wind power in the wind catching area to mechanical output as much as possible, changes to such an extent that more i.e. these wind wheel efficient are higher.The peak efficiency of any wind wheel of theory analysis can not surpass 59.3%, i.e. the Bates limit.Powerful horizontal axis machine can be accomplished near 50 percent.Under equal wind speed, equal air density, send the required wind wheel wind catching area of every kw of power less, then the efficient of wind wheel is higher.Powerful flat axle machine approximately is that 2.1 square meters send 1 kilowatt to 3.5 square meters.And the long-pending power ratio of vertical shaft machine side should be larger, as, can be by 4 square meters with worthwhile.For Vertical shaft machines, wind catching area is exactly that the height of wind wheel multiply by diameter (except the Φ type machine), is a rectangle.As, when planning that Vertical shaft machines power reaches 1 megawatt hour, just mean needs 4000 square meter wind catching area, suppose wind wheel high (note, do not refer to that here blower fan is high, and only refer to wind wheel high be that blade is high) be 50 meters, diameter will 80 meters so, support arm will more than 30 meters long; By that analogy, as will planning the H type Vertical shaft machines of 2 megawatts, will 8,000 square meter wind catching area, suppose that blade height is decided to be 80 meters, the wind wheel radius will 50 meters, and support arm will more than 40 meters long.Also to be particular about suitable ratio of height to diameter in the design, can not a lengthened blades and diameter reduction.Reduce diameter, sacrifice torque, the ability decline of obtaining wind power is very fast, and this is non-linear relation also.So can't look to too much shortening radius.The support arm of high-power vertical shaft wind energy conversion system is also longer than building tower crane, but to bear the blade of several tons of weights in end---normal load (heavier than tower crane), also will bear torque---the level load of ox rice up to a million, it serves to show that the support arm load is heavy, therefore the arm configuration of drawing money on credit of heavy duty is an outstanding difficult problem.As long as power is done greatly, just must overcome the long contradiction of support arm---carry huge combined load, and be fluctuating load, both needed high strength, high reliability, do not wish that again structure is too heavy.
For this reason, adopt the method that increases fulcrum, can overcome this contradiction.Because support arm needs roller certainly with the wind wheel motion; Only have friction factor minimum between the rail steel wheel, resistance is minimum, therefore need to adopt rail; Because support arm is in the air, on pylon and be higher than the electromechanical component such as generator, therefore need to adopt higher supporting leg serve as fulcrum, be in aerial situation to adapt to support arm.To sum up, adopt the structure of supporting leg-roller-track to become the necessary choice that overcomes this difficult problem.Supporting leg rotatablely moves with support arm, because this point, can utilize supporting leg outsourcing aerofoil profile, play the effect of blade---be equivalent to increase by one section power blade, method is that the supporting leg appearance is made the aerofoil profile the same with blade---the supporting leg sectional shape is similar to the blade profile shape.Extra benefit is, supporting leg aerofoil profile and blade are not in the sustained height space, and airless disturbs mutually, has also increased wind catching area.
Fig. 1 is the situation that does not have supporting leg, if the wind wheel radius is large not, arm length in 30 meters scopes, also problem is little not have supporting leg; But when support arm reaches more than 40 meters even 50 meters, as without supporting leg, whole wind wheel is just easily unstable, support arm is yielding, unless support arm is done to get very thick heaviness, also must all design pylon, newel, wheel hub etc. very thick simultaneously, bearing also must be made very major diameter (might reach 4～5 meters scopes) thereupon, difficulty all can occur in transportation, otherwise is not enough to resist the load of speciality support arm.So heavy wind wheel will not meet the requirement of light body, efficient, low cost.Take the measure that adds supporting leg such as Fig. 2, just can improve load and distribute, improve wind wheel stability, effectively control structure weight and cost.Fig. 3 is the whole schematic diagram of overlooking and looking squarely.
Figure 10 is the sectional shape of supporting leg, and it is identical with blade shape, also is the lift-type aerofoil profile, can play the effect that power is provided.Difference is that the chord length of supporting leg aerofoil profile (being that the wing is wide) and thickness are different from blade, also will consider in conjunction with the supporting leg desirable strength; The height of supporting leg does not have the so long size of blade; Supporting leg is lower than blade, and suffered wind speed is also slightly low.So the supporting leg aerofoil profile only plays the auxiliary power effect.Such as Figure 10, supporting leg aerofoil profile appearance is inner, and steel structure framework 41 is arranged.Two, the large blade of high-power needs but large blade subjects to the contradiction that wind is ruined
Horizontal-shaft wind turbine all fixes on 25 meter per seconds (90 kilometers of speed per hours) to cut-out wind speed, will stop the wind wheel running when meeting this wind speed and close generator; Design objective also stipulates to make complete machine in the lower safety existence of 50 meter per seconds (have declare 70 meter per seconds), and this is particularly severe for the blade test.Will survive safely under 50 meter per seconds, become the current index of existing wind energy conversion system, the wind pressure during this wind speed is the 3250N/ square meter.Why flat axle machine can be tided over, and the one, because the thin structure characteristic of the thick tip of its propeller blade root; Area neither be very large; The more important thing is that contemporary flat axle machine has the oar of change function, meet dangerous wind speed and blade can be turned to the wind attitude, facing the wind with minimum area.Even so, under the violent typhoon also or the Chang Youfeng thing of ruining blade occurs.Vertical shaft machines is more much more difficult than flat axle machine in this: the one, because the Vertical shaft machines blade is wide everywhere, area is relatively large, and the 2nd, existing lifting upright shaft machine does not have " to become oar ", and blade all is fixed, this is large characteristics of existing Vertical shaft machines, also is shortcoming.Like this, during the wind wheel stall, always there is the large face of a certain blade to face wind speed.Suffered wind pressure is on the blade
General closed planar object resistance coefficient C
dBe 2.1, suppose that blade is wide 3 meters, long 60 meters, S=3 * 60=180 square meter then, this vane stress can reach 579KN during 50 meters wind speed, and H type wind wheel blade only has 2 fulcrums, resist 57 tons horizontal thrust and do not destroy and be difficult to, this is a blade stressed just also.Same problem is on the other hand: in fact, because Vertical shaft machines is lower than flat axle machine tip-speed ratio; And the Vertical shaft machines blade is revolving the middle angle of attack that turns around always in change, little when large during lift, revolving the inner angle of attack that turns around unlike flat axle machine is constant (as long as wind speed is constant), thereby, the power Vertical shaft machines that same width of blade produces is less than flat axle machine, so same wind catching area will obtain same power, Vertical shaft machines just must have suitably large blade of area, that is to say with under the power, Vertical shaft machines is more much bigger than flat axle machine blade area, " solidity " is much bigger, and namely the chord length of blade can not be very little.This just more increases the difficulty that blade is resisted high wind.Do not take other way, only depending on enhancing blade structure and scantling is not good method, and that can only cause, and wind wheel is heavier, conversion efficiency is lower.
Allow exactly blade under superpower wind, can be disengaged constraint to freely swing for overcoming way that the ubiquitous shortcoming the present invention of prior art takes, under free state, to allow blade inlet edge can automatically point to all the time wind speed, trailing edge as tail vane always rear, and to allow the blade that loses constraint can controlled return.The way of doing invention is that eccentric shaft is with realizing.Under superpower wind, so that blade can always be got with the wind attitude, facing the wind with minimum drag.Or by formula
At this moment, the windward side is that blade inlet edge is an arc shaped surface, just treats oval cambered surface resistance coefficient C by ellipse
dBe 0.6, also by 3 meters wide blades, by 0.18 thickness ratio, thickness only has 3 * 0.18=0.54 rice, and namely wind-exposuring area is S=0.54 * 60=32.4 square meter; So calculate to get resistance F
dBe 29.7KN, 5% when reducing to large face and facining the wind greatly reduces wind and ruins risk.
Show several representational situations such as Fig. 6～Fig. 9, the blade reset condition is no matter present any angle with the wind comes from, as long as blade is released into free state, degrees of freedom is 360 degree, blade all can be automatically beat with the wind, until beat is aimed at wind speed direction to blade inlet edge, can settle out.Such as Fig. 6, left figure is reset condition, when wind speed V be southeaster to, blade can automatic swing to attitude with the wind, the blade string of a musical instrument and wind speed are in the same way; Such as Fig. 7, left side figure is reset condition, and when wind speed was northwester, blade also can swing to the wind attitude; Such as Fig. 8, left figure is the blade reset condition, and when wind speed is west wind, even quadrature, blade also can swing to the wind attitude; Such as Fig. 9, when reset condition is trailing edge (afterbody) sensing wind speed, beginning uncertain blade afterbody can be to where swinging, may be to either party swing on both sides, in case beat occurs, will continue beat to a side and go down, such as Fig. 9 to the right beat, until the leading edge beat can settle out to towards wind speed.
Fig. 4 is the schematic perspective view of blade section.The top holding part 3 of its Leaf 1 is connected with oblique support arm, is fixed; The bottom holding part 5 of blade 1 is connected with the outer section 9 of horizontal support arm, also is fixed; Other upper movable section 2, the movable section 4 in middle part, the movable section 6 in bottom can be released into free state, all can become with the wind attitude with the direction of the wind comes from.Figure 11 is the driving mechanism schematic diagram of blade return, and driving wheel 36 drives sharf 7 and rotates return, and 37 actions of blade locating stud with the blade constraint, lock with the blade holding part.
Three, for to alleviate wind wheel to the positive pressure of track, the transverse arm appearance is made air-foil, produces lift upwards and offsets a part of positive pressure.
Rolling frictional resistance is F
m=μ mg [N],
The moment of rolling frictional resistance is M
r=2 μ mgr[NM] (being a torque of couple)
Coefficient of rolling friction μ is determined by steel roller and steel track, is certain; The gravity mg(positive pressure of wind wheel) also be certain.
The bearing diameter 2r at center is little, and maximum also only has several meters, so the rolling friction moment of bearing and not very big, but supporting leg is in much bigger radius r place, and its moment is then very important.It is necessary reducing this resisting moment.The method of taking is, the appearance of the outer section 9 of transverse arm and transverse arm 10 is made common wing or helicopter aerofoil profile, produces lift upwards when air flow stream is crossed aerofoil profile when utilizing running, offsets the frictional force of the pair of rollers track under the supporting leg.Fig. 5 is the lift schematic diagram: aerofoil profile 38 has very large ratio of lift coefficient to drag coefficient, produces the relative speed of wind of level during operation, and V represents with wind speed, when aerofoil profile becomes the 6 degree angle of attack with wind speed V, and lift F
LMaximum and resistance F
dMinimum, F is both composite forces,
Because ratio of lift coefficient to drag coefficient can reach more than 100, the F that makes a concerted effort can regard as and be approximately equal to lift Fl.Even since the transverse arm of high-power machine do not add the outsourcing aerofoil profile also can be very wide, added the outsourcing aerofoil profile after, transverse arm is wider, runs into like this air-flow and must produce very large lift under the suitable angle of attack.
Select a kind of air-foil, the angle of attack is that 6 ratio of lift coefficient to drag coefficients when spending are maximum---lift coefficient C
l=1.108, resistance coefficient C
d=0.009, ratio of lift coefficient to drag coefficient is up to 123.
| Air density ρ | 1.225kg/m 3 |
| The wide k of |
5 meters |
| Wind wheel radius R (wing tip) | 50 meters |
[0046] Parameter list: (design example)
| Wing |
10 meters |
| Lift coefficient Cl | 1.108 |
| The number of the |
3 |
| Angular velocity omega | 0.48 |
| |
12 meter per seconds |
| Wind speed round n | 4.6r/m |
Can calculate lift:
Get lift infinitesimal dF at the wing
l, total life F
lBe the integration of infinitesimal pair radius, as follows:
(Vr is that transverse arm is in the linear velocity of distinguishing against the wind any point in the formula; R is the radius of any point on the arm; V+Vr is relative speed of wind.）
∵Vr＝ωr
Known parameters in the substitution table is calculated to get single-blade lift=98,768N; Nearly 100,000 Ns power.
Above-mentioned calculating is the instantaneous lift of a certain transverse arm aerofoil profile when running to arm and wind speed quadrature when distinguishing against the wind, the relative speed of wind of this position is that maximum (understanding the words can be with reference to the plan view of figure 3 in transverse arm operation one circle, wherein that horizontal arm of the right just is in the position of relative speed of wind maximum, suppose that wind speed at paper from the bottom up, be south wind, wind wheel can clockwise rotate); This moment, two other blade was distinguished with the wind, and the suffered instantaneous relative speed of wind of its aerofoil profile is little, and lift is also much smaller, wouldn't count analysis to this.
This is this large wind wheel for example, can reach tens tons of weights, and the lift that produces can be offset part gravity.
The resisting moment M that the lift that produces is offset
ZtFor: M
Zt=F
lr
2
If supporting leg place radius r
2Be 30 meters, the resisting moment of then offsetting is 98,768N * 30M=2,963,040NM.
Analyze by upper example, provable transverse arm surface adds air-foil, even low speed also can produce the lift effect like that.Its reason is identical with the rotor of helicopter---and the wing that turns of choosing also is streamlined, and everywhere relative air speed, lift strengthens with radius and increases on the aerofoil profile, and only helicopter is narrow blades, high rotating speed, here is wide width wing type, the slow-speed of revolution; In addition, also have with the wind district and against the wind dividing of district at vertical axis windmill, calculate slightly complicated.Air-foil certainly leads to lift in this application, and the positive technique effect of generation is to offset part gravity, and the frictional resistance moment that reduces is very considerable especially.
Four, the present invention increases a resistance type wind wheel above wheel hub, can increase power, and assistant starting is raised the suspension cable position of taking root.
Powerful Vertical shaft machines, wind wheel have very large deadweight, very large rotary inertia unavoidably, need very large starting torque.Moment was large when the resistance type wind wheel had advantages of the slow-speed of revolution, and starting easily.The blade of lift-type power performance when the slow-speed of revolution is slightly poor, only can bring into play good aerodynamic characteristic when rotating speed is high.Two kinds of wind wheels are combined, can improve starting performance.Select suitable boths' diameter Relationship, even resistance wheel also can play the effect of auxiliary power when rotating speed got on.S form-drag wind wheel, European's invention is existing 80 years history so far, has been proved to be respond well in deciding wing formula resistance wind wheel type, is also using till now.
The type that the present invention conceives is that resistance wheel is applied in the middle of the wind wheel as parts, and the centre extreme higher position, and is better in the middle of the permeability of resistance wheel air-flow ratio places like this.Decapacitation increases power, improves outside the startability, also providing only taking root a little to combine to suspension cable, forms on the whole a kind of novel type wind wheel.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 does not have lifting upright shaft press proof formula supporting leg, that resistance wheel is arranged.Look squarely schematic diagram.In being suitable for, high-power.
Fig. 2 has lifting upright shaft press proof formula supporting leg, that resistance wheel is arranged.Look squarely schematic diagram.Be suitable for high-power, superpower.
Fig. 3 has lifting upright shaft press proof formula supporting leg, that resistance wheel is arranged.Contain and look squarely, overlook two schematic diagram.The basis floats in the water.It is marine large-scale lifting upright shaft machine schematic diagram.Be suitable for high-power, superpower.
The schematic perspective view of Fig. 4 blade section, each section state relation.
The appearance of the section of Fig. 5 transverse arm, aerodynamic force schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 blade reset condition be wind speed point to leading edge, with string of a musical instrument oblique, the last string of a musical instrument and wind speed in the same way, namely blade freely swings to the schematic diagram of attitude with the wind.
Fig. 7 blade reset condition be wind speed point to trailing edge, with string of a musical instrument oblique, the last string of a musical instrument and wind speed in the same way, namely blade freely swings to the schematic diagram of attitude with the wind.
Fig. 8 blade reset condition be wind speed point to blade side, with string of a musical instrument quadrature, the last string of a musical instrument and wind speed in the same way, namely blade freely swings to the schematic diagram of attitude with the wind.
Fig. 9 blade reset condition be wind speed point to trailing edge, with the string of a musical instrument in the same way, last blade freely swings and facings the wind and get the with the wind schematic diagram of attitude to leading edge.
The appearance of the section of Figure 10 supporting leg, in the schematic diagram of framework is arranged.
The structural scheme of mechanism of Figure 11 blade return.
Amplification and the position of Figure 12 resistance wind wheel concern schematic diagram.
The state of each blade when Figure 13 is normal wind speed.
Movable section state of each blade under the superpower wind speed of Figure 14.
Embodiment
Fig. 1, Fig. 2, one group of correlogram of Fig. 3 are expressed moving wing type lift force type high-power vertical shaft wind energy conversion system overall picture, consist of lifting wind wheel by blade 1, oblique arm 8, horizontal support arm 10, suspension cable 11, support arm pedestal 19, wheel hub 22, and the outer section 9 of horizontal support arm slightly is inclined upwardly; Top at support arm pedestal 19 and wheel hub 22 arranges resistance type wind wheel 17, and this resistance wheel is made of two-layer resistance type blade 18 coaxial series connection, and A-A, B-B are the schematic top plan view of bilevel section; Lifting wind wheel and resistance type wind wheel form compound wind wheel.Above part is solid of rotation.The 31st, anemoscope, for the control system PLC of unit provides wind velocity signal, the 12nd, the pillar of anemoscope is connected into higher truss leg with steel bar welding, and the permeability of wind is good, and windage is little; Pillar 12 is fixed on newel 21 tops, and is contactless with rotor.The visible generator 20 of Fig. 1, Fig. 2 around wheel hub, be in below the wind wheel, this be the design one large advantage---generator position is lower, be convenient to maintain and replace, even accomplish the scale of several MW class, generator position can reduce maintenance cost greatly only below 50 meters.It is worthy of note, also unnecessary pursuit generator landing like that not only increases many costs, increases and implement difficulty, also can increase the operation burden, lowers efficiency.Height below 50 meters is compared the motor-driven often height more than 70 meters of the flat axle of MW class, and maintenance cost can significantly reduce.
Fig. 1 is without supporting leg, need not the mode of execution of track, is applicable to the not very long situation of support arm.
Fig. 2 is the mode of execution that supporting leg is arranged, track is arranged, and is applicable to the long situation of support arm.Form long-armed supporting structure by supporting leg 13, track foundation 14, roller 15, track 16, the high pin of track basis 28.Figure 10 represents the section of supporting leg 13, and the appearance of supporting leg 13 is made the contour shape identical with blade, and wherein 40 is the aerofoil profile of supporting leg, 41 its inner skeletons of expression.Because supporting leg is grown (being more than 10 meters), so available very considerable power; Supporting leg mainly bears normal load, and horizontal thrust is little, can resist by himself steel structure framework thickness.The material of supporting leg skeleton outsourcing aerofoil profile, can with sheetmetal, can be with composite PVC, also can use glass fibre reinforced plastics.24 is pylon grounds among Fig. 2, the 26th, and soil, the 25th, railroad shoe ground, the 34th, ground.The pylon ground should link to each other in soil with the railroad shoe ground.
Fig. 3 is the enforcement schematic diagram on floating marine formula basis, upward is schematic top plan view, lower to looking squarely schematic diagram, the 35th, and blade rotary is justified track.The present embodiment is installed in whole high-power, large diameter vertical axis aerogenerator group on the floating basis.Structural type is the same with Fig. 2, but the high pin of track basis 28 should exceed 10 meters (being as the criterion with the wave maximum height).Track floating basic 29, pylon floating basic 30 is floating in seawater 27, the 33rd, the water surface.The 32nd, wind vane.The benefit of floating type ground is: can finish assembling on the bank, then connect the basis together integral body be dragged to the scene; Foundation cost is low.The high-power flat axle machine in existing sea, because the cabin is more than 80 meters, maintenance cost is very high, and the present embodiment cabin altitude is far below flat axle machine, outstanding advantages is exactly that maintenance cost is low.Marine mean wind velocity is high, is suitable for bringing into play the advantage of lift-type blade, as long as wind wheel structure is carried out, it is promising that the lifting upright shaft machine is applied to the sea.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of blade section.Its Leaf top holding part 3 is fixed in the end of oblique arm 8, and blade bottom holding part 5 is fixed in the end of the outer section 9 of horizontal support arm; The movable section 4 in blade upper movable section 2, blade middle part, the movable section 6 in blade bottom can constraint reliefs, are released to free state, and 360 degree swing.The blade holding part firmly is connected with support arm, because area is not very large, can resist to such an extent that live superpower wind.The movable section in blade bottom 6 is except being released into free state when superpower wind attacks, also serve as the wind wheel deceleration task in the running, when needing to slow down, angle of this section blade rotation, increase running resistance, this technology is at " the oblique arm lift vertical shaft wind energy conversion system of variable-speed " (application number: 201110214634.3) the existing description in the application documents.Blade upper movable section 2 is installed to take shelter from the thunder and is connect lead-in wire, passes this shaft hollow of sharf 7() be connected to top holding part 3, draw downwards by oblique arm 8 again.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of transverse arm outsourcing air-foil, skeleton is arranged in the aerofoil profile, the mode that skeleton adds covering is a kind of basic embodiment, the transverse arm skeleton is steel structure, covering available metal skin, composite PVC cloth, glass fibre reinforced plastics, even linen add gelatinization material also can, covering is attached to (rib contour is wing shapes) on the liner rib, the covering appearance is as far as possible smooth.Except skeleton adds stressed-skin construction, with good conditionsi, do not get rid of with certain thickness steel plate yet and be processed into aerofoil profile, become a thin-shell construction, whole transverse arm is a cavity body, also can have suitable intensity.The string of a musical instrument of aerofoil profile becomes the angle of attack about 6 degree with horizontal plane.
The leading edge of all aerofoil profiles is all towards same direction.
Come from which direction no matter Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9 have expressed superpower wind speed V, free vane can both swing to the wind attitude with the wind.Suppose that energized south of blade inlet edge: Fig. 6 represents that wind comes from southwest, tiltedly blow leading edge, final blade inlet edge also can be aimed at southwest; Fig. 7 represents that wind comes from the northwest, tiltedly blows trailing edge, and final blade inlet edge can be aimed at the northwest; Fig. 8 represents that wind comes from positive west, is just blowing blade side, and final blade inlet edge also can be aimed at positive west; Fig. 9 represents that wind comes from positive north, is just blowing trailing edge, and final blade also can arrive leading edge over against Zheng Bei by beat.These several directions have represented wind that any direction is come, free vane can both beat to making leading edge aim at the direction of the wind comes from, make self resistance minimum.
Figure 10 represents the supporting leg section, and supporting leg 13 itself is to be made of steel structure, and namely the supporting leg inner frame 41, provides a determined power and the outsourcing aerofoil profile identical with blade in order to utilize supporting leg, and namely the aerofoil profile 40 of supporting leg forms dual-purpose supporting leg 13.
Figure 11 represents blade interior mechanism.Formed by blade locating stud 37, blade return driving wheel 36, sharf 7.Between each holding part and the movable section, at the blade inner chamber blade return driving wheel 36 and blade locating stud 37 are set all.Sharf 7 is arranged on the forward edge of blade chord length 1/3 to 1/4 place.Decontrol locating stud, the movable section of blade just can freely swing at 360 degree with the wind.
When needing to discharge, locating stud 37 actions, moving vane becomes free state, and blade return driving wheel 36 is not in drive condition thereby non-resistance because of must not be electric at this moment, does not affect the swing of blade freely; When the needs return, the blade deviation angle signal of PLC controller pick-up transducers this moment sends instructions and carries out the return instruction to driving wheel, go back to this angle, when finishing return, feed back signal to PLC, PLC sends out constraint instructions again, makes the locating stud return, the locking moving vane.Sensor can be used absolute encoder, also available other kind.Locating stud can be contained in holding part; Driving wheel can be contained in movable section, also can be at holding part; Driving mode can be used gear, also can use cingulum.Concrete Machine Design can be selected several different methods.Between each holding part and the movable section above-mentioned driving wheel, locating stud, sharf to be arranged.
Figure 12 represents amplification and the position view thereof of resistance wheel.Resistance wheel will have certain intensity, places support arm pedestal 19, also is the top of wheel hub 22, is fixedly connected with pedestal.As shown in figure 12, can implement traditional S type (i.e. " Sa nest knob this " type) 2 blade resistance type wind wheels, Figure 12 is connected into two-layerly up and down with two group of 2 blade wheel is coaxial, and the blade tip line of every group of blade is wrong 90 degree mutually, and the whichever direction be the wind comes from and can both be turned like this; Consider that this resistance wheel except to support arm pedestal transmitting torque, also will bear the pulling force of suspension cable, on the structure and material size, will consider this 2 point.Also can implement the trilobed wheel (three leaves be separated by 120 degree) in traditional S form-drag type wind wheel, trilobed wheel gets final product with one group.In addition, also can use resistance type wind wheel and the blade of other form, or the coaxial up and down stack of the blade of other pattern, blade can be to decide wing formula also can be wing formula, as long as good through test effect, just can be applied to this.
Among Figure 12, newel 21 is fixed on the pylon 23, and wheel hub 22 is rotationally connected with newel 21, and generator 20 is positioned at the wheel hub below, gets final product with newel is fixing.Its mechanical structure technological merit is at " the oblique arm lift vertical shaft wind energy conversion system of variable-speed " (application number: 201110214634.3) the existing description in the application for a patent for invention file.Pylon can be used truss, also can use the tower cylinder, and the tower cylinder belongs to " hard tower ", good rigidly but cost is high; Truss belongs to " soft tower ", and cost is low.For resisting large horizontal thrust, need to use larger module of anti-bending section during design, this need to calculate by concrete wind wheel parameter, obtains load value and determines afterwards.This cover supporting structure of supporting leg has been arranged, can reduce the bending load of pylon, newel, be conducive to suitably reduce size.
Figure 13, Figure 14 represent the wind wheel overall picture, and Figure 13 is the state that normal wind speed issues each blade of when operation electricity, and normal wind speed refers to the work wind speed of V=3～25 meter per seconds; Figure 14 is when compressor emergency shutdown does not generate electricity under the superpower wind speed V, and the state of each blade is all got with the wind attitude for movable section of blade, and what keep former attitude among the figure is the holding part of blade.
Claims (7)
1. moving wing type lift force type high-power vertical shaft wind energy conversion system, by vertical lift-type blade (1), the oblique support arm (8) of blade, horizontal support arm (10), suspension cable (11), support arm pedestal (19), place resistance type wind wheel (17) on the support arm pedestal (19), fixedly wheel hub (22), supporting leg (13), roller (15), track (16), the track foundation (14) used of support arm pedestal forms, it is characterized in that:
Described vertical lift-type blade (1) is divided into holding part and movable section; Be provided with the fulcrum that is consisted of by supporting leg (13), roller (15), track (16) and track foundation (14) on the horizontal support arm (10); The top of described support arm pedestal (19) is provided with the resistance type wind wheel (17) of taking root at its top for suspension cable (11); The upper outside air-foil (38) that is surrounded by of the skeleton of described horizontal support arm (10); The upper outside aerofoil profile (40) that is surrounded by supporting leg of the skeleton of described supporting leg (13).
2. by moving wing type lift force type high-power vertical shaft wind energy conversion system claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Described vertical lift-type blade (1) is comprised of blade upper movable section (2), blade top holding part (3), blade middle part movable section (4), blade bottom holding part (5), the movable section in blade bottom (6), sharf (7), between each holding part and the movable section, all be provided with blade return driving wheel (36) and the blade locating stud (37) of being controlled its action by the PLC instruction at the blade inner chamber, sharf (7) is located at the leading edge place in the blade.
3. by claim 1 or 2 described moving wing type lift force type high-power vertical shaft wind energy conversion systems, it is characterized in that:
The upper lien support arm (10) of described supporting leg (13), lower dress roller (15); Described track (16) is round circular orbit, and described roller (15) is connected 16 with track) connect for moving.
4. by claim 1 or 2 described moving wing type lift force type high-power vertical shaft wind energy conversion systems, it is characterized in that:
The appearance of described supporting leg (13) is the aerofoil profile identical with vertical lift-type blade (1).
5. by claim 1 or 2 described moving wing type lift force type high-power vertical shaft wind energy conversion systems, it is characterized in that:
The outer table skeleton of described horizontal support arm (10) is the air foil shape of aircraft wing or lifting airscrew, i.e. horizontal support arm outsourcing air-foil (38).
6. by claim 1 or 2 described moving wing type lift force type high-power vertical shaft wind energy conversion systems, it is characterized in that:
Described resistance type wind wheel (17) adopts decides wing formula or moving wing formula.
7. by moving wing type lift force type high-power vertical shaft wind energy conversion system claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Described vertical lift-type blade (1) is triangular shape with oblique support arm (8), horizontal support arm (10), and tiltedly support arm (8) places the top of horizontal support arm (10), and tiltedly support arm (8) and horizontal support arm (10) are taken root jointly on same support arm pedestal (19); Support arm pedestal (19) is fixed on the wheel hub (22), and both became one, and the height of support arm pedestal (19) is higher than wheel hub (22) and can holds oblique support arm (8) and the thickness of horizontal support arm (10) two arms.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012202608643U CN202768241U (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2012-06-05 | Flexible-wing lifting force type high-power vertical axis wind turbine |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201110214634.3 | 2011-07-29 | ||
| CN201110214634 | 2011-07-29 | ||
| CN2012202608643U CN202768241U (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2012-06-05 | Flexible-wing lifting force type high-power vertical axis wind turbine |
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| CN202768241U true CN202768241U (en) | 2013-03-06 |
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| CN2012202608643U Expired - Fee Related CN202768241U (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2012-06-05 | Flexible-wing lifting force type high-power vertical axis wind turbine |
| CN201210181520.8A Expired - Fee Related CN102691617B (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2012-06-05 | Movable wing-type lifting high-power vertical axis wind turbine |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201210181520.8A Expired - Fee Related CN102691617B (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2012-06-05 | Movable wing-type lifting high-power vertical axis wind turbine |
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| CN102691617A (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2012-09-26 | 梁北岳 | Movable wing-type lifting high-power vertical axis wind turbine |
| CN108374753A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-08-07 | 福建通尼斯新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of bilayer wing wind-driven generator support arm |
| CN114109714A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-01 | 山东银丰能源科技有限公司 | Floor vertical wind driven generator |
| CN116201696A (en) * | 2023-04-11 | 2023-06-02 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Stretch-draw integral offshore wind power generation supporting structure |
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| CN102705171B (en) * | 2012-07-09 | 2014-02-26 | 赵欣 | Vertical-axis super-large wind turbine generator system structure with double struts and water-floating boats |
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| CN108612623A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-10-02 | 清华大学 | A kind of floating type offshore vertical axis wind powered generator system of blade |
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| CN110486210A (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2019-11-22 | 范文鸿 | A kind of impeller that fluid dynamic energy is changed into rotating mechanical energy |
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| JP2000234582A (en) * | 1999-02-16 | 2000-08-29 | Toshiyuki Uchibayashi | Gyro-mill type wind mill |
| CN1683784A (en) * | 2004-04-13 | 2005-10-19 | 王和平 | Combined vertical shaft wind power generator |
| US20110084495A1 (en) * | 2008-04-24 | 2011-04-14 | Hopewell Wind Power Limited | Vertical axis wind turbine |
| KR20100070532A (en) * | 2008-12-18 | 2010-06-28 | 서울대학교산학협력단 | Wind power generator |
| CN102116264A (en) * | 2010-07-05 | 2011-07-06 | 杨寿生 | Megawatt-stage vertical shaft wind power generator with adjustable attack angle |
| CN201818428U (en) * | 2010-10-27 | 2011-05-04 | 董达 | Frame-type vertical shaft wind turbine |
| CN202768241U (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2013-03-06 | 梁北岳 | Flexible-wing lifting force type high-power vertical axis wind turbine |
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2012
- 2012-06-05 CN CN2012202608643U patent/CN202768241U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-06-05 CN CN201210181520.8A patent/CN102691617B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102691617A (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2012-09-26 | 梁北岳 | Movable wing-type lifting high-power vertical axis wind turbine |
| CN102691617B (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2014-07-09 | 梁北岳 | Movable wing-type lifting high-power vertical axis wind turbine |
| CN108374753A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-08-07 | 福建通尼斯新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of bilayer wing wind-driven generator support arm |
| CN108374753B (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2024-01-19 | 山东中能华源海上风电集团有限公司 | Double-layer wing wind driven generator support arm |
| CN114109714A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-01 | 山东银丰能源科技有限公司 | Floor vertical wind driven generator |
| CN116201696A (en) * | 2023-04-11 | 2023-06-02 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Stretch-draw integral offshore wind power generation supporting structure |
| CN116201696B (en) * | 2023-04-11 | 2023-09-22 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Stretch-draw integral offshore wind power generation supporting structure |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102691617A (en) | 2012-09-26 |
| CN102691617B (en) | 2014-07-09 |
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