CN102691617A - Movable wing-type lifting high-power vertical axis wind turbine - Google Patents
Movable wing-type lifting high-power vertical axis wind turbine Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vertical axis lifting wind turbine applied to the field of wind power utilization. The invention aims at overcoming the defects of instable structure and poor security under super-strong wind when the power of a vertical axis wind wheel is high. In order to realize safe survive of a large-size blade in shutdown under a dangerous high wind speed, a blade can automatically adjust an angle into a downwind direction along with a wind direction by adopting a special structure, so the blade has the minimal windiness area and the minimal resistance. A supporting arm is long, the blade is heavy and the load of the supporting arm is large when the power is high. The gravity of a wind wheel is transferred to an annular orbit through supporting legs and roller by adopting the solution of adding a pivot and a track, the pivot periodically moves along with the arm; the cross arm is wrapped by a wing to generate lift force to offset a part of gravity; the outer surface of each supporting leg moving along with the cross arm is made into a blade wing and also can provide power; and a resistance wind wheel is added above the base of the supporting arm, at the center of the wind turbine, so a root point of a stay cable is heightened, the tensile force of the stay cable is ensured, and the start moment and the operation power of the overall wind wheel can be increased.
Description
Moving wing type lift force type high-power vertical shaft wind energy conversion system
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of wind energy utilization, relate to the vertical axis aerogenerator technology, be specifically related to the powerful vertical-shaft wind machine technology of the movable lift-type of a kind of blade.
Background technique
Wind wheel is to be the device of mechanical energy with wind energy transformation, is the key of wind mill performance quality, is the emphasis of through engineering approaches application enhancements research.And the emphasis of wind wheel research blade and support arm structure thereof just.
Wind energy conversion system is divided into horizontal axis and vertical shaft two is main kind of.Vertical axis windmill (can be called for short Vertical shaft machines) is divided into two types of resistance type and lift-types, and what efficient was higher is the lift-type machine, and wherein most effective, also modal is H type lift-type machine.What the present invention studied also is H type lift vertical shaft machine.The lift vertical shaft wind energy conversion system does not have the support arm except Φ type (typical Dari eritrea type Darrieus), and other each type all can be summed up as the H type, all support arm must be arranged, and blade must be fixed in wheel hub through support arm.Support arm can increase the weight of wind wheel, can extra increase sweep wind resistance simultaneously, and power is done the difficult problem that conference increases support arm structure.Small-power wind energy conversion system below several kilowatts, the influence of the weight of support arm can also be ignored, and the support arm structure problem had just been given prominence to when power accomplished that hundred multikilowatts are above.Existing, as to have seen H type lift vertical shaft wind energy conversion system, that power is done greatlyyer, can reach more than the hundreds of kilowatt, its arm length has reached 20 meters, and promptly the wind wheel radius reaches 20 meters.H type lift-type machine blade all is positioned at the radius biggest place, and high-power machine individual blade weight can reach tonne.The following power of working as reaches MW class and even number megawatt hour, and required arm length will reach more than 40 meters and even 50 meters, and blade has bigger weight.At this moment, even adding suspension cable, support arm also will be difficult to satisfy stable operation and safety requirement.This just needs another kind of solution.
Obvious different being of blade of vertical axis wind turbine and horizontal axis machine blade, the characteristics of flat axle machine blade shape structure are that the thick tip of root is thin, are to become the chord length blade, whole area of contour is less; The Vertical shaft machines blade then is wide from top to bottom (etc. chord length), and entire area is bigger.Vertical shaft machines will lean on bigger blade area to obtain enough rotating powers just.Like this, when running into destructive high wind, the very big area that catches the wind bears very big windage, is prone to go to pot.Existing Vertical shaft machines blade all is a fixed-wing, and promptly vanes fixed can not have any action on support arm.When big face facingd the wind, vane stress was very big, and is not rarely seen by the example that wind is disconnected.The safety problem of large-area blade is the big problem that high-power Vertical shaft machines must solve under high wind.
The H type Vertical shaft machines support arm that existing power is bigger mostly is that level is horizontal.No matter the support arm level is horizontal or tilting, long support arm all needs the safety of suspension cable assurance support arm, and the angle between suspension cable and the support arm can not be too small.Guarantee this angle, just must improve suspension cable and take root a little.Existing H type Vertical shaft machines is to improve suspension cable and take root a little to add a joint top cylinder, and the cylinder that this joint is increased not only has no contribution to rotating power, also can produce disadvantageous flow-disturbing, and this problem also needs to improve.
Powerful wind wheel, because weight is very big, the thrust load of bearing is very big, rolling frictional resistance is also very important.On the other hand, do when big when power, the diameter of wheel hub must strengthen, and the bearing radius is also big, thereby the moment of rolling frictional resistance will strengthen.People always hope to have a kind of way can reduce the rolling frictional resistance of wind wheel, thereby reduce the running resistance square of wind wheel.Someone tested the way of so-called magnetic suspension bearing, but it is high that difficulty, complex structure, cost be installed very, loses more than gain, and is difficult to practicality.Therefore hoping to have a kind of both simple and feasibles and measure reliably.
Existing high-power flat axle machine, along with power is done bigger and bigger, cabin altitude is from seventies meters, is increased to 90 meters so that hundred meters,
The lifting cabin is also increasingly high with the needed crane user cost of maintenance big parts (like generator, step-up gear).Flat axle machine researcher had studied the whole bag of tricks in order to solve this difficult problem, and desire moves down the big parts of transmission, comprises research hydraulic transmission technology etc., but all infeasible.And Vertical shaft machines one big benefit is faults such as generator, speedup box multiple big parts can be placed on the middle, and cabin altitude can reduce much than a flat axle machine.This also is the major reason that Vertical shaft machines is worth research and development.
Existing Vertical shaft machines all is long wheel hub, and how long blade has, and how long wheel hub just has, and H type, Φ type machine all are these characteristics, causes rocking that big, poor stability, weight are big, difficult processing, cost be high.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that solves
The object of the invention is to solve technological the problems referred to above and the deficiency of existing lift vertical shaft wind energy conversion system.To the above-mentioned practical problem of from engineering research, finding existence; Purpose is to provide a kind of novel lift vertical shaft wind energy conversion system: when power accomplish very big, when support arm is very long; Increase fulcrum, let overhang be improved as the simply supported beam form, avoid support arm distortion and unstable; When facing a danger high wind, blade is released into free state from restrained state, blade can be freely swung to state with the wind around self axle box haul, reduce frontal resistance to greatest extent, eliminate the blade risk; High wind also will let the controlled return of blade in the past; Increase a resistance wind wheel, both raised suspension cable and taken root a little, increase auxiliary power again, kill two birds with one stone; On horizontal support arm, take measures, let horizontal support arm when operation, produce lift upwards, offset a part of gravity, to reduce the resisting moment of wind wheel running.Adopt a kind of way to subtract the length of wheel hub to get off, not equal proportion lengthening with length of blade.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts following technological scheme:
In order to make wheel hub 22 short as far as possible, must upper branch arm is tilting, be oblique support arm 8 in the employing, be horizontal support arm 10, two arm roots down
Portion is neighbouring near as far as possible, takes root jointly in the structural type of same support arm pedestal 19; 19 of support arm pedestals are fixed in wheel hub 22, and both become one, and the height of support arm pedestal 19 is also short as far as possible with wheel hub 22.With wind wheel be designed to the wing, arm is triangular shape.
Beneficial effect
The roller of a point selection steel that increases on the horizontal support arm rolls with track and contacts, and surface friction drag is little; Increasing fulcrum improves whole wind wheel stability of equilibrium; Increase fulcrum, not only can improve the stressed of support arm, also made support arm not reduce greatly when the bending moment ratio of newel is had this fulcrum; Thereby can suitably reduce the diameter of newel; Hub diameter can suitably reduce thereupon simultaneously, and the size of hub bearing also reduces thereupon, the may command cost; Otherwise under the very long situation of support arm, if there is not the fulcrum of this increase, except that support arm itself must do very thick, newel and wheel hub, bearing all must be done very greatly; In addition; The fulcrum that a big chunk gravity of wind wheel is increased is shared, and makes centre bearing reduce pressure, has reduced the risk that centre bearing damages; And this bearing in case damage hangs after must disassembling whole wind wheel, be keep in repair trouble, maintenance cost the highest, be afraid of the parts changed most.Supporting leg among the present invention is the parts that kill two birds with one stone: both played the effect of supporting transverse arm, and played the effect of blade again.This be because: one, the supporting leg section is made and the blade section shapes similar; Two, supporting leg has certain altitude (length); So supporting leg itself is exactly one section vertical auxiliary blade that can produce rotating power, rather than rotating power there is not the supporting leg that plays single effect of contribution.
Run into superpower wind speed, what be afraid of most is exactly that blade is blown bad.The main cause that blade wind is ruined is: wind-exposuring area is big, and the high wind continuous action reaches certain hour on big of static blade, will destroy material.Meet superpower becalm each blade and wind speed angle during machine and be at random, different, wind-exposuring area is different, receives wind resistance different.The blade string of a musical instrument just becomes 0 degree with the wind speed angle, be in attitude with the wind, receives the wind resistance minimum, and blade wind is ruined the probability minimum; The string of a musical instrument and wind speed become 90 degree just, are in the big face attitude of facining the wind, and receive wind resistance maximum, and wind is ruined the probability maximum.The objective of the invention is, let each blade when superpower wind attacks, all be released into free state, let blade swing to the resistance minimum state with the wind automatically, be i.e. attitude with the wind.Why can accomplish, be because sharf is not the geometrical center place that is in blade, but eccentric the arrangement, suffered wind-force has torque difference on the blade face of axle both sides, and blade can swing to attitude with the wind with the wind just as wind vane like this.Key is to discharge, returning device.Reliable realize this purpose and make way simple in structure, is that blade is divided into several sections---holding part and movable section, and holding part and support arm are fixed relationship forever, holding part is short as far as possible; Have only movable section be only both can be tied fixing, become one with holding part, can be released again and beat with the wind, movable section looks many than holding part, thereby protect blade safety to greatest extent.In fact, when power is accomplished very greatly, during for example MW class, length of blade need reach tens meters, as 60 meters, 80 meters, even in order to transport and to install, also will blade be divided into several sections.
Set up a resistance type wind wheel at newel and wheel hub top, like traditional S form-drag wheel, but both auxiliary starter, increase rotating power; For providing, suspension cable takes root a little again; Taking root a little is located at the top of resistance wheel, has improved at one stroke to take root a little, has guaranteed the angle that suspension cable needs.
Because track has sizable radius; It is less than the wind wheel radius but much larger than the centre bearing radius; Therefore, it is exactly frictional resistance moment that the frictional force on the track is multiplied by orbit radius, because of orbit radius than the big manyfold of bearing radius; In order to reduce this resisting moment, only way is exactly the positive pressure that reduces rolling friction on the track.Make the aircraft wing section to a section of horizontal support arm, obtain lift during running, make this lift that makes progress offset a part of gravity, reduce the positive pressure of roller, reach the effect that reduces resisting moment.
The wing, arm are designed to be the triangular shape structural style, no matter how long blade has, wheel hub extends no longer thereupon.Even blade is accomplished seven, 80 meters, hub height can accomplish to have only several meters, solves foregoing problems at one stroke, and it is apparent especially that cost reduces effect.
Above-mentioned measure can bring good effect.Through above-mentioned technology layout, can realize the present invention's described in the summary of the invention purpose.
For beneficial effect is described, the spy does following analysis and proof:
Big wind catching area and the intensity of draw money on credit arm problem, support arm and the contradiction of light body
Wind wheel obtains wind energy, lean on certain wind catching area, and the wind catching area of wind wheel is the area that the projection of solid of rotation border on the wind speed cross section surrounded, and simply says to be exactly the wind area.The wind catching area of wind wheel and its power that can send have the certain proportion relation, this relation all to be meant usually under 12 meter per second wind speed and opinion.For example, press the wind horse-power formula
, by the standard air density ρ=1.225kg/M on sea level
3, wind speed V=12 meter per second, this formula can be calculated necessarily the wind of crossing among the wind area S and contain power; When the S=1 square meter, its wind power is 1.058 kilowatts, and this is a wind power concentration.The wind that the power of wind wheel comes from the wind catching area fully contains power.The task of wind wheel is exactly will contain power transfer to the wind in the wind catching area as much as possible to become mechanical output, changes to such an extent that more i.e. these wind wheel efficient are high more.The peak efficiency of any wind wheel of theory analysis can not surpass 59.3%, i.e. the Bates limit.Powerful horizontal axis machine can be accomplished near 50 percent.Under equal wind speed, equal air density, it is more little to send the required wind wheel wind catching area of every kw of power, and then the efficient of wind wheel is high more.Powerful flat axle machine approximately is that 2.1 square meters send 1 kilowatt to 3.5 square meters.And the long-pending power ratio of vertical shaft machine side should be bigger, as, can be by 4 square meters with worthwhile.For Vertical shaft machines, wind catching area is exactly that the height of wind wheel multiply by diameter (except the Φ type machine), is a rectangle.As, when planning that Vertical shaft machines power reaches 1 megawatt hour, just mean needs 4000 square meter wind catching area, suppose that wind wheel high (note, be not meant that here blower fan is high, and only refer to that the wind wheel height is that blade is high) is 50 meters, diameter will 80 meters so, and support arm will more than 30 meters long; By that analogy, as will planning the H type Vertical shaft machines of 2 megawatts, will 8,000 square meter wind catching area, suppose that blade height is decided to be 80 meters, the wind wheel radius will 50 meters, and support arm will more than 40 meters long.Also to be particular about suitable ratio of height to diameter in the design, can not only add linear leaf and diameter reduction.Reduce diameter, sacrifice torque, the ability drop of obtaining wind power is very fast, and this is non-linear relation also.So can't look to too much shortening radius.The support arm of high-power vertical shaft wind energy conversion system is also longer than building tower crane; But to bear the blade of several tons of weights in end---normal load (heavier) than tower crane; Also will bear torque---the level load of ox rice up to a million, it serves to show that the support arm load is heavy, therefore the arm configuration of drawing money on credit of heavy duty is an outstanding difficult problem.As long as power is done greatly, just must overcome the long contradiction of support arm---carry huge combined load, and be fluctuating load, both needed high tenacity, high reliability, do not hope that again structure is too heavy.
For this reason, adopt the method that increases fulcrum, can overcome this contradiction.Because support arm needs roller certainly with the wind wheel motion; Have only friction factor minimum between the rail steel wheel, resistance is minimum, so need to adopt rail; Because support arm is in the air, on pylon and be higher than electromechanical component such as generator, therefore need to adopt higher supporting leg serve as fulcrum, be in aerial situation to adapt to support arm.To sum up, adopt the structure of supporting leg-roller-track to become the necessary choice that overcomes this difficult problem.Supporting leg rotatablely moves with support arm; Because this point; Can utilize supporting leg outsourcing aerofoil profile, play the effect of blade---be equivalent to increase by one section power blade, method is to make the aerofoil profile the same with blade to the supporting leg appearance---the supporting leg sectional shape is similar with the blade profile shape.Extra benefit is, supporting leg aerofoil profile and blade are not in the sustained height space, and airless disturbs each other, has also increased wind catching area.
Fig. 1 is the situation that does not have supporting leg, if the wind wheel radius is big inadequately, arm length in 30 meters scopes, also problem is little not have supporting leg; But when support arm reached more than 40 meters even 50 meters, like no supporting leg, whole wind wheel was just unstable easily; Support arm is yielding; Only if with support arm do very thick heaviness, also must all design pylon, newel, wheel hub etc. very thick simultaneously, bearing also must be made very major diameter (might reach 4 ~ 5 meters scopes) thereupon; Difficulty all can take place in transportation, otherwise is not enough to resist the load of speciality support arm.So heavy wind wheel will not meet the requirement of light body, efficient, low cost.Take the measure that adds supporting leg, just can improve load distribution, improve wind wheel stability, effectively control structure weight and cost like Fig. 2.Fig. 3 is the whole schematic representation of overlooking and looking squarely.
Figure 10 is the sectional shape of supporting leg, and it is identical with blade shape, also is the lift-type aerofoil profile, can play the effect that power is provided.Different is that chord length of supporting leg aerofoil profile (being that the wing is wide) and thickness are different with blade, also will combine the supporting leg desirable strength to consider; The height of supporting leg does not have the so long size of blade; Supporting leg is lower than blade, and suffered wind speed is also low slightly.So the supporting leg aerofoil profile only plays the auxiliary power effect.Like Figure 10, supporting leg aerofoil profile appearance is inner, and steel structure framework 41 is arranged.
The big blade of high-power needs but big blade subjects to the contradiction that wind is ruined
Horizontal-shaft wind turbine all fixes on 25 meter per seconds (90 kilometers of speed per hours) to cut-out wind speed, will stop the wind wheel running when meeting this wind speed and close generator; Design objective also stipulates to make complete machine in 50 meter per seconds (have declare 70 meter per seconds) safety existence down, and this is particularly severe for the blade test.Will survive safely under 50 meter per seconds, become the current index of existing wind energy conversion system, the wind pressure during this wind speed is the 3250N/ square meter.Why flat axle machine can be tided over, and the one, because the thin structure characteristic of the thick tip of its propeller blade root; Area neither be very big; The more important thing is that the present age, flat axle machine all had the oar of change function, meet dangerous wind speed and can blade be turned to attitude with the wind, facing the wind with minimum area.Even so, also the thing generation that Chang Youfeng ruins blade under the violent typhoon.Vertical shaft machines is stranded much more difficult than flat axle machine in this: the one, because the Vertical shaft machines blade is wide everywhere; Area is big relatively, and the 2nd, existing lifting upright shaft machine does not have " to become oar ", and blade all is fixed; This is big characteristics of existing Vertical shaft machines, also is shortcoming.Like this, during the wind wheel stall, always there is the big face of a certain blade to face wind speed.Suffered wind pressure is
on the blade.General closed planar object resistance coefficient C
dBe 2.1, suppose that blade is wide 3 meters, long 60 meters; S=3 * 60=180 square meter then, this vane stress can reach 579 KN during 50 meters wind speed, and H type wind wheel blade has only 2 fulcrums; Resist 57 tons horizontal thrust and do not destroy and be difficult to, this is a blade stressed just also.Same problem is on the other hand: in fact, because Vertical shaft machines is lower than flat axle machine tip-speed ratio; And the Vertical shaft machines blade revolve turn around in the angle of attack always becoming, little when big during lift, unlike a flat axle machine revolve turn around in the angle of attack be constant (as long as wind speed is constant); Thereby the power Vertical shaft machines that same width of blade produces is littler than flat axle machine, so; Same wind catching area will obtain same power, and Vertical shaft machines just must have suitably big blade of area; That is to say that with under the power Vertical shaft machines is more much bigger than flat axle machine blade area, " solidity " is much bigger, promptly the chord length of blade can not be very little.This just more increases the difficulty that blade is resisted high wind.Do not take other way, only depending on enhancing blade structure and scantling is not good method, and that can only cause, and wind wheel is heavier, conversion efficiency is lower.
Let blade under superpower wind, can be disengaged constraint exactly to freely swing for overcoming way that the ubiquitous shortcoming the present invention of existing technology takes; Under free state, to let blade inlet edge can point to automatically all the time wind speed, trailing edge as tail vane always after, and to let the blade that loses constraint can controlled return.The way of doing invention is that eccentric shaft is with realizing.Under superpower wind, make blade can always get attitude with the wind, facing the wind with minimum drag.Still by formula
calculate above-mentioned blade at this moment wind resistance become much:
At this moment, the windward side is that blade inlet edge is an arc shaped surface, just treats oval cambered surface resistance coefficient C by ellipse
dBe 0.6, also by 3 meters wide blades, by 0.18 thickness ratio, thickness has only 3 * 0.18=0.54 rice, and promptly wind-exposuring area is S=0.54 * 60=32.4 square meter; So calculate resistance F
dBe 29.7 KN, 5% when reducing to big face and facining the wind greatly reduces wind and ruins risk.
Show the situation of several typical like Fig. 6～Fig. 9, the blade reset condition is no matter present any angle with the wind comes from, as long as blade is released into free state; Degrees of freedom is 360 degree; Blade all can be automatically beat with the wind, aim at wind speed direction up to beat to blade inlet edge, can settle out.Like Fig. 6, left side figure is a reset condition, when wind speed V be southeaster to, blade can swing to attitude with the wind automatically, the blade string of a musical instrument and wind speed are in the same way; Like Fig. 7, left side figure is a reset condition, and when wind speed was northwester, blade also can swing to attitude with the wind; Like Fig. 8, left side figure is the blade reset condition, and when wind speed is a west wind, even quadrature, blade also can swing to attitude with the wind; Like Fig. 9, when reset condition was trailing edge (afterbody) sensing wind speed, where begin uncertain blade afterbody can swing to; Maybe be to either party swing on both sides; In case beat occurs, will continue beat to a side and go down, like Fig. 9 to the right beat;, can settle out to towards wind speed up to the leading edge beat.
Fig. 4 is the schematic perspective view of blade section.Wherein the top holding part 3 of blade 1 is connected with oblique support arm, is fixed;
The bottom holding part 5 of blade 1 is connected with the outer section 9 of horizontal support arm, also is fixed; Other upper movable section 2, movable section 4 at middle part, the movable section 6 in bottom can be released into free state, all can become attitude with the wind with the direction of the wind comes from.Figure 11 is the driving mechanism schematic representation of blade return, and driving wheel 36 drives sharf 7 and rotates return, and 37 actions of blade locating stud with the blade constraint, lock with the vanes fixed section.
for to alleviate the positive pressure of wind wheel to track, the transverse arm appearance is made air-foil, produces lift upwards and offsets a part of positive pressure.
Rolling frictional resistance is
[N]
The moment of rolling frictional resistance is
[NM] (being a torque of couple)
Coefficient of rolling friction μ is certain by steel roller and the decision of rail road; The gravity mg (positive pressure) of wind wheel also is certain.
The bearing diameter 2r at center is little, and maximum also has only several meters, so the rolling friction moment of bearing and not very big, but supporting leg is in much bigger radius r place, and its moment is then very important.It is necessary reducing this resisting moment.The method of taking is, makes common wing or helicopter aerofoil profile to the appearance of outer section 9 of transverse arm and transverse arm 10, produces lift upwards when air flow stream is crossed aerofoil profile when utilizing running, offsets the frictional force of the pair of rollers track under the supporting leg.Fig. 5 is the lift schematic representation: aerofoil profile 38 has very big ratio of lift coefficient to drag coefficient, produces the relative speed of wind of level during operation, and V representes with wind speed, when aerofoil profile becomes the 6 degree angles of attack with wind speed V, and lift F
LMaximum and resistance F
dMinimum, F is both composite forces,
, because ratio of lift coefficient to drag coefficient can reach more than 100, the F that makes a concerted effort can regard as and be approximately equal to lift Fl.Even since the transverse arm of high-power machine do not add the outsourcing aerofoil profile also can be very wide, added the outsourcing aerofoil profile after, transverse arm is wideer, runs into air-flow like this and under the suitable angle of attack, must produce very lift.
Select a kind of air-foil, the angle of attack is that 6 ratio of lift coefficient to drag coefficients when spending are maximum---lift coefficient C
l=1.108, resistance coefficient C
d=0.009, ratio of lift coefficient to drag coefficient is up to 123.
| Air density ρ | 1.225kg/m3 |
| The wide k of | 5 meters |
| Wind wheel radius R (wing tip) | 50 meters |
| Wing | 10 meters |
| Lift coefficient Cl | 1.108 |
| The number of the | 3 |
| Angular velocity omega | 0.48 |
| | 12 meter per seconds |
| Wind speed round n | 4.6 r/m |
Parameter list: (design example)
Can calculate lift:
On the wing, get lift infinitesimal
; Total life
is the integration of infinitesimal to radius, as follows:
(
is that transverse arm is being distinguished the linear velocity of any arbitrarily against the wind in the formula; R is any radius of any on the arm; V+Vr is a relative speed of wind.）
Known parameters in the substitution table, calculate single-blade lift=98,768 N; Nearly 100,000 Ns power.
Aforementioned calculation is the instantaneous lift of a certain transverse arm aerofoil profile when running to arm and wind speed quadrature when distinguishing against the wind; The relative speed of wind of this position is that maximum (understanding the words can be with reference to the plan view of figure 3 in transverse arm operation one circle; Wherein that horizontal arm of the right just is in the maximum position of relative speed of wind; Suppose wind speed from the bottom up at paper, i.e. south wind, wind wheel can clockwise rotate); This moment, two other blade was distinguished with the wind, and the suffered instantaneous relative speed of wind of its aerofoil profile is little, and lift is much also little, wouldn't count analysis to this.
This is this big wind wheel for example, can reach tens tons of weights, and the lift that produces can be offset part gravity.
Offset by the lift generated resistance torque
is:?
If supporting leg place radius
is 30 meters; The resisting moment of then being offset is 98; 768N * 30M=2; 963,040 NM.
Analyze through last example, provable transverse arm surface adds air-foil, even such low speed also can produce the lift effect.Its reason is identical with the rotor of helicopter---and the wing that choosing is changeed also is streamlined, and everywhere relative air speed, lift strengthens with radius and increases on the aerofoil profile, and only helicopter is narrow blades, high rotating speed, here is wide width wing type, the slow-speed of revolution; In addition, on vertical axis windmill, also have the district and the branch in district with the wind against the wind, calculate complicated slightly.Air-foil certainly leads to lift in this application, and the positive technique effect of generation is to offset part gravity, and the frictional resistance moment that is reduced is very considerable especially.
The present invention increases a resistance type wind wheel above wheel hub, can increase power, and assistant starting is raised the suspension cable position of taking root.
Powerful Vertical shaft machines, wind wheel have very big deadweight, very big rotary inertia unavoidably, need very big starting torque.The big advantage of moment when the resistance type wind wheel has the slow-speed of revolution, starting are easily.The blade of lift-type power performance when the slow-speed of revolution is poor slightly, only when rotating speed is high, can bring into play good aerodynamic characteristic.Combine two kinds of wind wheels, can improve starting performance.Select suitable boths' diameter Relationship, even resistance wheel also can play the effect of auxiliary power when rotating speed gets on.S form-drag wind wheel, the existing so far 80 years history of European's invention has been proved to be respond well in deciding wing formula resistance wind wheel type, is also using till now.
The type that the present invention conceived is that resistance wheel is applied in the middle of the wind wheel as parts, and the centre extreme higher position, and is better in the middle of the permeability of resistance wheel air-flow ratio places like this.Decapacitation increases power, improves outside the startability, also providing only taking root a little to combine to suspension cable, forms a kind of novel type wind wheel on the whole.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 does not have lifting upright shaft press proof formula supporting leg, that resistance wheel is arranged.Look squarely schematic representation.In being suitable for, high-power.
Fig. 2 has lifting upright shaft press proof formula supporting leg, that resistance wheel is arranged.Look squarely schematic representation.Be suitable for high-power, superpower.
Fig. 3 has lifting upright shaft press proof formula supporting leg, that resistance wheel is arranged.Contain and look squarely, overlook two schematic representation.The basis floats in the water.It is marine large-scale lifting upright shaft machine schematic representation.Be suitable for high-power, superpower.
The schematic perspective view of Fig. 4 blade section, each section state relation.
The appearance of the section of Fig. 5 transverse arm, aerodynamic force schematic representation.
Fig. 6 blade reset condition be wind speed point to leading edge, with string of a musical instrument oblique, the last string of a musical instrument and wind speed in the same way, promptly blade freely swings to the schematic representation of attitude with the wind.
Fig. 7 blade reset condition be wind speed point to trailing edge, with string of a musical instrument oblique, the last string of a musical instrument and wind speed in the same way, promptly blade freely swings to the schematic representation of attitude with the wind.
Fig. 8 blade reset condition be wind speed point to blade side, with string of a musical instrument quadrature, the last string of a musical instrument and wind speed in the same way, promptly blade freely swings to the schematic representation of attitude with the wind.
Fig. 9 blade reset condition be wind speed point to trailing edge, with the string of a musical instrument in the same way, last blade freely swings and facings the wind and get the schematic representation of attitude with the wind to leading edge.
The appearance of the section of Figure 10 supporting leg, in the schematic representation of framework is arranged.
The structural scheme of mechanism of Figure 11 blade return.
The amplification and the position of Figure 12 resistance wind wheel concern schematic representation.
The state of each blade when Figure 13 is normal wind speed.
Movable section state of each blade under the superpower wind speed of Figure 14.
Embodiment
Fig. 1, Fig. 2, one group of correlogram of Fig. 3 are expressed moving wing type lift force type high-power vertical shaft wind energy conversion system overall picture, constitute lifting wind wheel by blade 1, oblique arm 8, horizontal support arm 10, suspension cable 11, support arm pedestal 19, wheel hub 22, and the outer section 9 of horizontal support arm slightly is inclined upwardly; Top at support arm pedestal 19 and wheel hub 22 is provided with resistance type wind wheel 17, and this resistance wheel is made up of two-layer resistance type blade 18 coaxial series connection, and A-A, B-B are the schematic top plan view of bilevel section; Lifting wind wheel and resistance type wind wheel are formed compound wind wheel.With top is solid of rotation.The 31st, anemoscope, for the control system PLC of unit provides wind velocity signal, the 12nd, the pillar of anemoscope is welded into higher truss leg with reinforcing bar, and the permeability of wind is good, and windage is little; Pillar 12 is fixed on newel 21 tops, and is contactless with rotor.The visible generator 20 of Fig. 1, Fig. 2 around wheel hub, be in below the wind wheel; This be the design one big advantage---generator position is lower, be convenient to maintain and replace, even accomplish the scale of several MW class; Generator position can reduce maintenance cost greatly only below 50 meters.It is worthy of note that also unnecessary pursuit generator lands, that kind not only increases many costs, increases and implement difficulty, also can increase the operation burden, lowers efficiency.Height below 50 meters is compared the motor-driven height more than 70 meters often of the flat axle of MW class, and maintenance cost can significantly reduce.
Fig. 1 is no supporting leg, need not the mode of execution of track, is applicable to the situation that support arm is not very long.
Fig. 2 is the mode of execution that supporting leg is arranged, track is arranged, and is applicable to the situation that support arm is long.Form long-armed supporting structure by supporting leg 13, track foundation 14, roller 15, track 16, the high pin of track basis 28.Figure 10 representes the section of supporting leg 13, and the appearance of supporting leg 13 is made the contour shape identical with blade, and wherein 40 is the aerofoil profile of supporting leg, 41 its inner skeletons of expression.Because supporting leg is grown (being more than 10 meters), so available very considerable power; Supporting leg mainly bears normal load, and horizontal thrust is little, leans on himself steel structure framework thickness to resist.The material of supporting leg skeleton outsourcing aerofoil profile, can with sheetmetal, can be with composite PVC, also can use glass fibre reinforced plastics.24 is pylon grounds among Fig. 2, the 26th, and soil, the 25th, railroad shoe ground, the 34th, ground.The pylon ground should link to each other in soil with the railroad shoe ground.
Fig. 3 is the enforcement schematic representation on floating marine formula basis, upward for schematic top plan view, down for looking squarely schematic representation, the 35th, blade rotational circle track.Present embodiment is installed in whole high-power, large diameter vertical axis aerogenerator group on the floating basis.Structural type is the same with Fig. 2, but the high pin of track basis 28 should exceed 10 meters (being as the criterion with the wave maximum height).Track floating basic 29, pylon floating basic 30 is floating in seawater 27, the 33rd, the water surface.The 32nd, wind vane.The benefit of floating type ground is: can accomplish assembling on the bank, connect then the basis together integral body be dragged to the scene; Foundation cost is low.The high-power flat axle machine in existing sea, because the cabin is more than 80 meters, maintenance cost is very high, and the present embodiment cabin altitude is far below a flat axle machine, outstanding advantage is exactly that maintenance cost is low.Marine mean wind velocity is high, is suitable for bringing into play the advantage of lift-type blade, as long as carry out wind wheel structure, it is promising that the lifting upright shaft machine is applied to the sea.
Fig. 4 is the schematic representation of blade section.Wherein blade top holding part 3 is fixed in the end of oblique arm 8, and blade bottom holding part 5 is fixed in the end of the outer section 9 of horizontal support arm; The movable section in blade upper movable section 2, blade middle part 4, the movable section 6 in blade bottom can constraint reliefs, are released to free state, 360 degree swings.The vanes fixed section firmly is connected with support arm, because area is not very big, can resist to such an extent that live superpower wind.The movable section in blade bottom 6 is except being released into free state when superpower wind attacks; Also serve as the wind wheel deceleration task in the running; When needing to slow down; Angle of this section blade rotation increases running resistance, and this technology is at " the oblique arm lift vertical shaft wind energy conversion system of variable-speed " (application number: 201110214634.3) the existing description in the application documents.Blade upper movable section 2 is installed to take shelter from the thunder and is connect lead-in wire, passes sharf 7 (this shaft hollow) and is connected to top holding part 3, draws downwards through oblique arm 8 again.
Fig. 5 is the schematic representation of transverse arm outsourcing air-foil, and the mode that has skeleton, skeleton to add covering in the aerofoil profile is a kind of real basically
Execute mode, the transverse arm skeleton is a steel structure, covering available metal skin, composite PVC cloth, glass fibre reinforced plastics, even linen add gelatinization material also can, covering is attached to (the rib profile is wing shapes) on the liner rib, the covering appearance is smooth as far as possible.Except that skeleton adds stressed-skin construction, with good conditionsi, do not get rid of yet and be processed into aerofoil profile with certain thickness steel plate, become a thin-shell construction, whole transverse arm is a cavity body, also can have suitable intensity.The string of a musical instrument of aerofoil profile becomes the angle of attack about 6 degree with horizontal plane.
The leading edge of all aerofoil profiles is all towards same direction.
Come from which direction no matter Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9 have expressed superpower wind speed V, free vane can both swing to attitude with the wind with the wind.Suppose that energized south of blade inlet edge: Fig. 6 representes that wind comes from southwest, tiltedly blow leading edge, final blade inlet edge also can be aimed at southwest; Fig. 7 representes that wind comes from the northwest, tiltedly blows trailing edge, and final blade inlet edge can be aimed at the northwest; Fig. 8 representes that wind comes from positive west, is just blowing blade side, and final blade inlet edge also can be aimed at positive west; Fig. 9 representes that wind comes from positive north, is just blowing trailing edge, and final blade also can arrive leading edge over against Zheng Bei by beat.These several directions have been represented wind that any direction is come, free vane can both beat to making leading edge aim at the direction of the wind comes from, make self resistance minimum.
Figure 10 representes the supporting leg section, and supporting leg 13 itself is to be made up of steel structure, and promptly the supporting leg inner frame 41, one determined power is provided and the outsourcing aerofoil profile identical with blade in order to utilize supporting leg, and promptly the aerofoil profile 40 of supporting leg forms dual-purpose supporting leg 13.
Figure 11 representes blade interior mechanism.Form by blade locating stud 37, blade return driving wheel 36, sharf 7.Each is solid
Between fixed section and the movable section, blade return driving wheel 36 and blade locating stud 37 all are set at the blade inner chamber.Sharf 7 is arranged on the forward edge of blade chord length 1/3 to 1/4 place.Decontrol locating stud, the movable section of blade just can freely swing at 360 degree with the wind.
When needing to discharge, locating stud 37 actions, moving vane becomes free state, and blade return driving wheel 36 is not in drive condition thereby non-resistance because of must not be electric at this moment, and the swing that does not influence blade is free; When the needs return, the blade deviation angle signal of PLC controller pick-up transducers this moment sends instructions and carries out the return instruction to driving wheel; Go back to this angle, when accomplishing return, feed back signal to PLC; PLC sends out constraint instructions again, makes the locating stud return, the locking moving vane.Sensor can be used absolute encoder, also available other kind.Locating stud can be contained in holding part; Driving wheel can be contained in movable section, also can be at holding part; Driving mode can be used gear, also can use cingulum.Concrete Machine Design can be selected several different methods.All above-mentioned driving wheel, locating stud, sharf to be arranged between each holding part and the movable section.
Figure 12 representes the amplification and the position view thereof of resistance wheel.Resistance wheel will have certain intensity, places support arm pedestal 19, also is the top of wheel hub 22, is fixedly connected with pedestal.Shown in figure 12, can implement traditional S type (i.e. " Sa nest knob this " type) 2 blade resistance type wind wheels, Figure 12 be with two group of 2 blade wheel coaxial be connected into two-layer up and down, wrong each other 90 degree of the blade tip line of every group of blade, the whichever direction the wind comes from like this can both change; Consider that this resistance wheel except to support arm pedestal transmitting torque, also will bear the pulling force of suspension cable, on the structure and material size, will consider this 2 point.Also can implement the trilobed wheel (three leaves be separated by 120 degree) in traditional S form-drag type wind wheel, trilobed wheel gets final product with one group.In addition, also can use the resistance type wind wheel and the blade of other form, or the coaxial stack up and down of the blade of other pattern, blade can be to decide wing formula also can be wing formula, as long as good through test effect, just can be applied to this.
Among Figure 12, newel 21 is fixed on the pylon 23, and wheel hub 22 is rotationally connected with newel 21, and generator 20 is positioned at the wheel hub below, gets final product with newel is fixing.Its mechanical structure technological merit is at " the oblique arm lift vertical shaft wind energy conversion system of variable-speed " (application number: 201110214634.3) the existing description in the application for a patent for invention file.Pylon can be used truss, also can use the tower tube, and the tower tube belongs to " hard tower ", good rigidly but cost is high; Truss belongs to " soft tower ", and cost is low.For resisting big horizontal thrust, need use bigger module of anti-bending section during design, this need calculate by concrete wind wheel parameter, obtains load value and confirms afterwards.This cover supporting structure of supporting leg has been arranged, can reduce the bending load of pylon, newel, helped suitably reducing size.
Figure 13, Figure 14 represent the wind wheel overall picture, and Figure 13 is the state that normal wind speed issues each blade of when operation electricity, and normal wind speed is meant the work wind speed of V=3 ~ 25 meter per seconds; Figure 14 is when compressor emergency shutdown does not generate electricity under the superpower wind speed V, and the state of each blade is all got attitude with the wind for movable section of blade, and what keep former attitude among the figure is the holding part of blade.
To sum up, several key parts of the present invention has all been implemented " dual-purpose " thought.
Claims (7)
1. moving wing type lift force type high-power vertical shaft wind energy conversion system; By vertical lift-type blade (1), the oblique support arm (8) of blade, horizontal support arm (10), suspension cable (11), support arm pedestal (19), place resistance type wind wheel (17) on the support arm pedestal (19), fixedly wheel hub (22), supporting leg (13), roller (15), track (16), the track foundation (14) used of support arm pedestal formed, it is characterized in that: lift-type blade (1) is divided into holding part and movable section; The certain radius place of horizontal support arm (10) is provided with the fulcrum by supporting leg (13) and roller (15) and track (16) formation; The top of support arm pedestal (19) is provided with resistance type wind wheel (17), and suspension cable (11) is taken root at its top; The skeleton appearance outsourcing aerofoil profile of horizontal support arm (10), i.e. transverse arm outsourcing air-foil (38); The aerofoil profile (40) of the skeleton appearance outsourcing supporting leg of supporting leg (13); Wheel hub (22) is very short, up and down two arm roots close.
2. by the described moving wing type lift force type high-power vertical shaft wind energy conversion system of claim 1; No matter it is characterized in that the lift-type blade (1) processed with which kind of material; All form by blade upper movable section (2), blade top holding part (3), blade middle part movable section (4), blade bottom holding part (5), the movable section in blade bottom (6), sharf (7); Between each holding part and the movable section, at the blade inner chamber blade return driving wheel (36) and blade locating stud (37) are set all, by their action of PLC command control; Sharf (7) is located in the blade near the leading edge place; So that there is torque difference on axle both sides, decontrol locating stud (37), each movable section of blade just can be with the wind 360 be spent and is freely swung.
3. by the described moving wing type lift force type high-power vertical shaft wind energy conversion system of claim 1; It is characterized in that very long horizontal support arm will add fulcrum; Fulcrum is made up of supporting leg (13), roller (15), track (16), track foundation (14), is arranged on the certain radius place, connects transverse arm (10) on the supporting leg (13); Under adorn roller (15), go up cyclical movement at round circular orbit (16).
4. by the described supporting leg of claim 3 (13), its appearance is an aerofoil profile, and profiled outline is the aerofoil profile (40) of supporting leg, gets similar aerofoil profile with blade; Supporting leg (13) is no matter the structure that adopts skeleton to add covering is formed mode; Still take steel plate to process whole thin-shell construction mode, its appearance contour shape is all the same, sees it all is that aerofoil profile with blade is similar from section; And section configuration is identical everywhere, and supporting leg (13) has height more than several meters at least.
5. by the described moving wing type lift force type high-power vertical shaft wind energy conversion system of claim 1; It is characterized in that; No matter use which kind of material, the outer table skeleton of its transverse arm (10) is its section configuration, is the air foil shape of aircraft wing or lifting airscrew; Be transverse arm outsourcing air-foil (38), the aerofoil profile established angle is that the string of a musical instrument becomes the angle of attack about 6 degree with horizontal plane.
6. by the described moving wing type lift force type high-power vertical shaft wind energy conversion system of claim 1; It is characterized in that; The top of support arm pedestal (19) is that resistance type wind wheel (17) is installed at the top at wind wheel center, and the top of resistance type wind wheel is again as the immovable point of taking root of suspension cable (11); The resistance type wind wheel can adopt traditional S type, also can take other any pattern; Can be 2 blades, 3 blades, also can be two group of 2 coaxial series connection of blade, alternate angle degree stack up and down, or the stack up and down of the blade of other pattern, can be to decide wing formula also can be wing formula.
7. by the described moving wing type lift force type high-power vertical shaft wind energy conversion system of claim 1; It is characterized in that, in order to make wheel hub (22) short as far as possible, must upper branch arm is tilting; In the employing for oblique support arm (8), down neighbouring as far as possible closely for the root of horizontal support arm (10), take root in the structural type of same support arm pedestal (19) jointly; Make vertical blade and two support arms be triangular shape, support arm pedestal (19) then is fixed in wheel hub (22), and both become one; The height of support arm pedestal (19) will hold the thickness of two arms, can a little higher than wheel hub (22).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210181520.8A CN102691617B (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2012-06-05 | Movable wing-type lifting high-power vertical axis wind turbine |
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| CN201110214634 | 2011-07-29 | ||
| CN201110214634.3 | 2011-07-29 | ||
| CN201210181520.8A CN102691617B (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2012-06-05 | Movable wing-type lifting high-power vertical axis wind turbine |
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| CN102691617B CN102691617B (en) | 2014-07-09 |
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| CN2012202608643U Expired - Fee Related CN202768241U (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2012-06-05 | Flexible-wing lifting force type high-power vertical axis wind turbine |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102705171A (en) * | 2012-07-09 | 2012-10-03 | 赵欣 | Vertical-axis super-large wind turbine generator system structure with double struts and water-floating boats |
| CN104092015A (en) * | 2014-07-29 | 2014-10-08 | 零八一电子集团四川红轮机械有限公司 | Four-cantilever torsion shaft device for turning over shelter top cover |
| CN108374753A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-08-07 | 福建通尼斯新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of bilayer wing wind-driven generator support arm |
| CN108612623A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-10-02 | 清华大学 | A kind of floating type offshore vertical axis wind powered generator system of blade |
| CN109323203A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-02-12 | 河北工业大学 | Super long tunnel illumination intelligent energy-saving system based on wind-power electricity generation |
| CN110486210A (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2019-11-22 | 范文鸿 | A kind of impeller that fluid dynamic energy is changed into rotating mechanical energy |
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| CN102691617B (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2014-07-09 | 梁北岳 | Movable wing-type lifting high-power vertical axis wind turbine |
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| CN102705171A (en) * | 2012-07-09 | 2012-10-03 | 赵欣 | Vertical-axis super-large wind turbine generator system structure with double struts and water-floating boats |
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| CN108374753A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-08-07 | 福建通尼斯新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of bilayer wing wind-driven generator support arm |
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| CN109323203B (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2023-08-08 | 河北工业大学 | Extra-long tunnel illumination intelligent energy-saving system based on wind power generation |
| CN110486210A (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2019-11-22 | 范文鸿 | A kind of impeller that fluid dynamic energy is changed into rotating mechanical energy |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN202768241U (en) | 2013-03-06 |
| CN102691617B (en) | 2014-07-09 |
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