CN202643687U - Biological fermentation fixed bed reactor - Google Patents

Biological fermentation fixed bed reactor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN202643687U
CN202643687U CN2012202690597U CN201220269059U CN202643687U CN 202643687 U CN202643687 U CN 202643687U CN 2012202690597 U CN2012202690597 U CN 2012202690597U CN 201220269059 U CN201220269059 U CN 201220269059U CN 202643687 U CN202643687 U CN 202643687U
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retort
processed
biological fermentation
bed reactor
reactor
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李卓娅
维贺纳德·斯蒂芬
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12MAPPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/04Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12MAPPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/34Internal compartments or partitions
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12MAPPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M25/00Means for supporting, enclosing or fixing the microorganisms, e.g. immunocoatings
    • C12M25/16Particles; Beads; Granular material; Encapsulation
    • C12M25/18Fixed or packed bed

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

The utility model discloses a biological fermentation fixed bed reactor which comprises at least two reaction tanks mutually communicated of the bottom of the reactor, wherein a fixed bed carrier and a solid material sediment space are arranged inside each reaction tank. The biological fermentation fixed bed reactor is characterized in that a feed port, a liquid material outlet, an air outlet and a slag outlet are respectively arranged on corresponding parts of each reaction tank body. The biological fermentation fixed bed reactor has the advantages of being reasonable in structure, suitable for material treatment with high solid content, convenient to operate and control, stable in treatment, and high in work efficiency and the like. The biological fermentation fixed bed reactor is particularly suitable for anaerobic fermentation treatment of sanitary sewage and industrial wastewater, and simultaneously further applied to industrial production fields such as brewing and biochemistry products.

Description

The biological fermentation fixed-bed reactor
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of biological fermentation fixed-bed reactor, and what be specifically related to is a kind of " wet type " bio anaerobic fermentation reactor for the higher sewage disposal of solid content.Belong to environment friendly biological and process equipment technology.
Background technology
The anaerobic fermentation of biological reactor of prior art, be divided into " wet type " and " dry type " two large classes, " wet type " biological fermentation reactor is handled to be complete liquid state or the organism (for example sewage) that contains a small amount of solids, its typical solid content is at the 20%wt(weight percentage, as follows) below, and " dry type " biological fermentation reactor handled be to be difficult to the organism carried with general transferpump, its typical solid content is more than 20%wt.
The biological fermentation fixed-bed reactor that the utility model is alleged are described " wet type " biological fermentation reactors.It is particularly useful to processing organic waste and/or organic sewage, and also useful to producing biogas and organic fertilizer.
And " wet type " biological fermentation reactor, can divide has carrier and DNAcarrier free two kinds of different biological fermentation reactors.
The benefit of carrier free biological fermentation reactor is its simplicity, but this reactor is to fermentation condition such as temperature, and the variation of speed and object being treated (for example sewage) composition is very responsive.In order to keep efficient processing, careful controlling is necessary.What material to be processed must be mixed fully is the first carrier free biological fermentation reactor, and the advantage of this reactor is to accept more solids component, but it needs the long fermentation reaction time, must guarantee micropopulation not to be washed away.This will negate and answer utensil that enough large volume is arranged, and increase the investment for the treatment of facility.Sludge Bed biological fermentation reactor is the second carrier free biological fermentation reactor, and its advantage is and can keeps more micropopulation than described the first reactor, thereby its fermentation reaction time is relatively short.But it is had relatively high expectations to hydraulics, and in the situation that large flow sewage washes away mud, the processing power of this carrier free sludge organism fermentation reactor is restricted.
The carrier organism fermentation reactor is arranged, utilize micropopulation naturally to be attached to characteristic on the carrier, improve micropopulation density in the reactor, improving the organic ability of fermentative processing, and the effective process of stabilate fermentation.Flowing bed reactor is that a kind of in the carrier organism fermentation reactor arranged, and this reactor extremely consumes energy and can only process the discharge of sewage of certain limit.Thereby its loss to micropopulation is also smaller.The density of its micropopulation is more much higher than other reactor.So this other reactor of reactor for treatment efficiency ratio is also much higher, and can bear discharge of sewage variation in a big way, and its less energy intensive.
In the biological fermentation reactor, use in a lot of documents, all mentioning of fixed bed, wherein particularly Chinese patent CN101755041A, CN201605210U, CN101979615A, CN2725288Y, CN201406344Y and CN2299861Y, all there is following main deficiency in the reactor of this type of prior art: the one, and the growth of the micropopulation on the carrier inevitably partially or completely is obstructed, the optimum handling efficient of reactor can only be kept for some time, afterwards will efficient sharply descends owing to the micropopulation growth retardation; The 2nd, fixed-bed reactor can only be processed the very low sewage of solid content, because contained solid can accelerate the situation of being obstructed of biological group growth.Owing to have above 2 deficiencies, so that the industrialization of described patented technology use being restricted.
Summary of the invention
The utility model aims to provide a kind of rational in infrastructure, controls the biological fermentation fixed-bed reactor of convenient and high efficiency, effectively to overcome the deficiency of prior art, for efficient processing industry provides technical equipment with life organic sewage and organic waste.
The utility model realizes that the technical scheme of its purpose is:
A kind of biological fermentation fixed-bed reactor comprise:
A, described reactor are formed by at least 1 A retort with at least 1 B retort of the adjoining layout of A retort; Between the bottom of A retort and B retort, passage is arranged, thereby make A retort and B retort structure decide the communicating vessels structure;
B, within A retort and B divide in the retort at least 1 retort, be provided with the fixed bed that is formed by carrier that can gather for microorganism the procreation growth;
C, in the bottom of A retort and B retort, the precipitation of solid material space is all arranged;
D, in A retort and B retort the bottom of at least 1 retort, be provided with the import of material to be processed, and on the top of retort, have at least 1 retort to be provided with processed liquids outlet, top in A retort and B retort, be equipped with the air outlet, be provided with slag notch in the bottom in precipitation of solid material space; And described material to be processed import, processed liquids outlet, air outlet and slag notch are equipped with switch-valve.
The above fixed bed was dispersed shape and is distributed and be collected at together movably and/or immovable carrier is formed by numerous being.Described immovable carrier as with tubular carrier of retort attaching etc.
In above first given purport technical scheme, the A retort that the utility model has and B retort can be the steel plate products, and perhaps plastic part, or glass reinforced plastic product also can be the cement works product.And described reactor can be arranged on the earth's surface, also can be arranged under the earth's surface.
In technique scheme, the utility model advocates that especially described carrier is the granular carrier that its density is less than or greater than material to be processed density; And under the condition of density less than material to be processed density of described carrier, described carrier is suspended on the face of material to be processed, and under the condition of density greater than material to be processed density of described carrier, then described carrier is remained on the inner and upper of retort by the string bag or cylinder mould or grid basket.
In technique scheme, carrier described in the utility model is plastics or sandstone or volcanics or glass particle.But be not limited to this, for example timber carrier.
In technique scheme, carrier described in the utility model is the round bead shape particulate vector preferably, and described round bead shape particulate vector surface is groove and/or concaveconvex structure; And be the open net cavernous structure in the inside of described round bead shape particulate vector, to enlarge to greatest extent the surface-area of particulate vector.
In order effectively to accelerate biochemical reaction process, further improve processing efficiency, the utility model is also advocated, also comprises material to be processed heating unit and/or reactor heating unit.Experiment demonstration, the utility model treatment temp are optimum 30 ~ 60 ℃ of scopes.Particularly in cold season, described heating unit may be indispensable.Can certainly in retort, import hot water.
For the consideration of saving preparation cost and saving floor occupying area, the utility model is also actively advocated, the A retort of described reactor and B retort, in 1 total reaction tank, by what consist of along the set channels separated of short transverse, and the roof of the upper end of described partition member and total reaction tank is tightly connected, the tank skin of the both sides of partition member and total reaction tank is tightly connected respectively, and the horizontal plane of the import of the lower surface of partition member and the material to be processed layout that is close, thereby consist of passage between A retort and B retort.This technical scheme is particularly suitable for the biological fermentation reactor for the preparation of the processing of dining table garbage and rural area Treating straw production biogas and fertilizer.
After technique scheme was implemented, it is rational in infrastructure that biological fermentation fixed-bed reactor described in the utility model have, and controls easyly, can process the high sewage of solid content, and the processing efficiency high, all is fairly obvious.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the biological fermentation fixed-bed reactor of a kind of embodiment of the utility model; The import of material to be processed shown in the figure 9, processed liquids outlet 10, air outlet 11 and slag notch 12 all have switch-valve; A among the figure, B retort 1,2 interiorly all have fixed bed carrier 5, and Fig. 1 represents its fermentative processing state;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the another kind of biological fermentation fixed-bed reactor of the utility model, and Fig. 2 represents its fermentative processing state;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the third biological fermentation fixed-bed reactor of the utility model, the structure similar of it and reactor shown in Figure 2, but in B retort 2, do not have fixed bed carrier 5, and Fig. 3 represents its fermentative processing state.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the description of accompanying drawing by embodiment, the utility model is described in further detail.
One of embodiment, as shown in Figure 1.
A kind of biological fermentation fixed-bed reactor, it comprises:
A, described reactor are formed by A retort 1 with the B retort 2 of A retort 1 adjoining layout; Between the bottom of A retort 1 and B retort 2, passage 4 is arranged, thereby make A retort 1 and B retort 2 both structures decide the communicating vessels structure;
B, divide in 2 two retort of retort in A retort 1 and B, be equipped with the fixed bed that is formed by removable particulate vector 5 that can gather for microorganism the procreation growth;
C, in the bottom of A retort 1 and B retort 2, precipitation of solid material space 7 is all arranged;
The bottom of d, the A retort 1 in A retort 1 and 2 two retort of B retort, be provided with the import 9 of material to be processed, and on the top of 2 retort, be equipped with processed liquids outlet 10, at the top of A retort 1 and B retort 2, be equipped with air outlet 11, be provided with slag notch 12 in the bottom in precipitation of solid material space 7, and described material to be processed import 9, processed liquids outlet 10, air outlet 11 and slag notch 12 are equipped with switch-valve.
Described carrier 5 is that its density is less than the granular carrier of material to be processed density; Described carrier 5 is suspended on the face of material to be processed, and described carrier 5 is plastics or sandstone or volcanics or glass particle.Described carrier 5 is round bead shape particulate vectors, and described round bead shape particulate vector 5 surfaces are groove and/or concaveconvex structure; And the inside of described round bead shape particulate vector 5 is the open net cavernous structure, to enlarge to greatest extent the surface-area of particulate vector 5.Also comprise material to be processed heating unit and/or reactor heating unit (not shown in FIG.).Described heating unit is the steam jacket heating unit.
And described fixed bed carrier 5 also can be density greater than the granular carrier of material to be processed density, and remain on the inner and upper (liquids outlet 10 following positions) of retort with the string bag.
Two of embodiment, as shown in Figure 2.
The reactor of a biological fermentation fixed bed, the A retort 1 of described reactor and B retort 2, in 1 total reaction tank 13, by what consist of along set partition member 3 separations of short transverse, and the roof of the upper end of described partition member 3 and total reaction tank 13 is tightly connected, the tank skin of the both sides of partition member 3 and total reaction tank 13 is tightly connected respectively, and the horizontal plane of the import 9 of the lower surface of partition member 3 and the material to be processed layout that is close, thereby consists of the passage 4 between A retort 1 and B retort.In addition, other is all as one of embodiment.
Three of embodiment, as shown in Figure 3.
A kind of biological fermentation fixed-bed reactor have fixed bed carrier 5 in A retort 1, be not provided with fixed bed carrier 5 in B retort 2, and in addition, other is all as two of embodiment.
In above-mentioned three embodiment, described material to be processed import 9, processed liquids outlet 10, air outlet 11 and slag notch 12 all have at least more than 1 or 2.
And on the anti-tank 1 of A, the B of reactor, 2 sidewall, also be provided with to upgrade the window (not shown in FIG.) of described carrier 5.
And the upper end of the A retort 1 of one of embodiment and B retort 2 both tank bodies and implementation two and the upper end of tank body of three total reaction tank 13, all can be the structure of implementing docking by flange, to be easy to install and maintain.
In processing the engineering of relatively large sewage, the reactor of the described A of comprising retort 1 and B retort 2 can have several, and lateral or be combined in series.Under such condition, a controller that makes sewage on average enter each reactor also is useful.
The biological fermentation fixed-bed reactor of the above 3 embodiment preferentially are used for anaerobically fermenting, for example produce the reactor of biogas, but also can be used for the bio-reactor of other form, for example ferment wine brewing reactor.
And the above 3 handled object of embodiment mainly is agricultural crop straw, algae and sewage, such as sanitary sewage and industrial papermaking, tanning sewage and dining table garbage, food waste etc., and sewage can be divided into liquid and paste, can be sewage that is fully liquid or that contain 1 ~ 35%wt solid.It would be desirable that solid content is the sewage of 25%wt.
When processing the high sewage of solid content, reactor described in the utility model can be processed respectively solid and liquid, and this processing respectively do not need to carry out mechanical separation, can in same reactor, carry out, and solid and respectively discharging from reactor of liquid, in order to utilized with the form of organic fertilizer.
And the utility model structure of reactor is firm, and easily industrialization need to not add agitator at inside reactor, and its operation power consumption seldom.
The above is the advantage place of the utility model reactor.
Shown in accompanying drawing 1,2,3,The concise and to the point description of the practical sewage treatment of the utility model biological fermentation fixed-bed reactor is:
A, will artificially add the sewage of biological inoculum, import in the retort 1,2 from the import 9 of the material to be processed of 1 or several reacting tank bodies bottom.Sewage can enter in every way, for example is to enter on the limit of reactor tank body or in the centre of reactor tank body.
B, when entering the sewage water surface that is entrained with biological inoculum and promote fixed bed mobile vehicle 5 and rise to processed liquids and export 10, stop sewage and enter.Also can continue to import described sewage, and be discharged by liquids outlet 10 through the water that described carrier 5 filters.
C, close all gangways of tank body, implement to close the tank fermentative processing.Certainly, also can be to open the processing of continuously fermenting of can opening under the condition in described gangway.It can certainly be the processing of continuously fermenting of can opening under opening in described gangway.
D, in the fermentative processing process, can regularly import or import continuously slowly processed sewage, can regularly collect available gas (routine biogas), can regularly sediment be discharged from slag notch 12.
E, under the condition of anaerobically fermenting, can heat sewage or retort.Best temperature of reaction is in 30 ~ 60 ℃ of scopes, and described heating can be adopted jacket steam heating, perhaps lead-in portion hot water.
Because containing solid sewage passes from fixed bed carrier 5, and carrier 5 plays the effect of holding back (filtration) part solid, filtered water flows out from the outlet 10 of processed liquids.And the liquid that flows out mainly is liquid water but also can contains trace solid.This shows, the utility model can be used for the sewage water filtration purifying treatment equally.
Solids sinks to the sediment space 7 interior accumulations of reactor bottom, owing to still having the existence of a large amount of microorganisms, described solid part also is subject to effective processing.And from pitch time of sediment space 7 deslagginves, can control according to the residence time of solid in reactor.
If as anaerobically fermenting, reaction produces biogas, and biogas rises to reactor tank body top and collects.
Because carrier 5 is movably or removable, thereby carrier 5 can be carried out by the window of A, B retort 1,2 sidewalls part and upgrades.The replacement cycle of carrier 5 is very slow.The update all of described carrier 5 needs 6 months even 2 years.
If import and export 9,10,11,12 places at described reactor, all adopt magnetic valve with the switch-valve on the vapour line of described heating unit, in retort 1,2, be provided with temperature sensor, so under the control of PLC programmable logic controller, fermentation reaction treating processes described in the utility model can realize automatization.
The utility model first sample lab scale effect shows, makes us very good, has realized original intention of the present utility model.
Range of application of the present utility model, the restriction that not described by this specification sheets.Bio-reactor described in the utility model after suitably carrying out the necessary technology transformation, is fit to the field of industrial productions such as wine brewing and biochemical product equally except being particularly suitable for biogas production and sewage disposal.

Claims (6)

1. biological fermentation fixed-bed reactor is characterized in that, comprising:
A, described reactor are formed by at least 1 A retort (1) with at least 1 B retort (2) of the adjoining layout of A retort (1); Between the bottom of A retort (1) and B retort (2), passage (4) is arranged, thereby make A retort (1) and both structures of B retort (2) decide the communicating vessels structure;
B, in A retort (1) and B retort (2) at least 1 retort, be provided with the fixed bed that is formed by carrier (5) that can gather for microorganism the procreation growth;
C, in the bottom of A retort (1) and B retort (2), precipitation of solid material space (7) is all arranged;
D, in A retort (1) and B retort (2) bottom of at least 1 retort, be provided with the import (9) of material to be processed, and on the top of retort, have at least 1 retort to be provided with processed liquids outlet (10), top in A retort (1) and B retort (2), be equipped with air outlet (11), be provided with slag notch (12) in the bottom of precipitation of solid material space (7); And described material to be processed import (9), processed liquids export (10), air outlet (11) and slag notch (12), are equipped with switch-valve.
2. biological fermentation fixed-bed reactor according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described carrier (5) is the granular carrier that its density is less than or greater than material to be processed density; And under the condition of density less than material to be processed density of described carrier (5), described carrier (5) is suspended on the face of material to be processed, and under the condition of density greater than material to be processed density of described carrier (5), then described carrier (5) is remained on the inner and upper of retort by the string bag or cylinder mould or grid basket.
3. biological fermentation fixed-bed reactor according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described carrier (5) is plastics or sandstone or volcanics or glass particle.
4. biological fermentation fixed-bed reactor according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described carrier (5) is the round bead shape particulate vector, and described round bead shape particulate vector (5) surface is groove and/or concaveconvex structure; And be the open net cavernous structure in the inside of described round bead shape particulate vector (5), to enlarge to greatest extent the surface-area of particulate vector (5).
5. biological fermentation fixed-bed reactor according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprise material to be processed heating unit and/or reactor heating unit.
6. biological fermentation fixed-bed reactor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the A retort (1) of described reactor and B retort (2), in 1 total reaction tank (13), by what consist of along the set partition member of short transverse (3) separation, and the roof of the upper end of described partition member (3) and total reaction tank (13) is tightly connected, the tank skin of the both sides of partition member (3) and total reaction tank (13) is tightly connected respectively, and the horizontal plane of the import (9) of the lower surface of partition member (3) and the material to be processed layout that is close, thereby consist of passage (4) between A retort (1) and B retort (2).
CN2012202690597U 2012-06-08 2012-06-08 Biological fermentation fixed bed reactor Expired - Lifetime CN202643687U (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102701444A (en) * 2012-06-08 2012-10-03 李卓娅 Biological fermentation fixed bed reactor, and method for cleaning fixed bed carriers of biological fermentation fixed bed reactor
CN103272294A (en) * 2013-05-09 2013-09-04 浙江大学 Square plasma storage pool for plasma exchange absorption filter treatment

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102701444A (en) * 2012-06-08 2012-10-03 李卓娅 Biological fermentation fixed bed reactor, and method for cleaning fixed bed carriers of biological fermentation fixed bed reactor
CN103272294A (en) * 2013-05-09 2013-09-04 浙江大学 Square plasma storage pool for plasma exchange absorption filter treatment

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