The experiment storehouse of production standard gaseous sample
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of particle cutter field, relates in particular to a kind of experiment storehouse that can make the calibrating gas sample of exact concentration.
Background technology
Along with the continuous development of industry, environment for human survival is destroyed, and wherein the situation is tense in air pollution, and airborne suspended particulate substance can cause grey haze weather.
Weather scientist and medical expert think, the grey haze weather that is caused by fine particle is to the harm of health even bigger than sandstorm.The particle of particle diameter more than 10 microns can be blocked in outside people's the nose; The particle of particle diameter between 2.5 microns to 10 microns can get into the upper respiratory tract, but part can excrete through sputum etc., also can be stopped by the inner fine hair of nasal cavity in addition, and be less relatively to human health damage; And particle diameter is at the fine particle below 2.5 microns, and diameter is equivalent to human hair's 1/10 size, and difficult quilt stops.Can directly get into bronchus after being inhaled into human body, disturb the gas exchange of lung, cause the disease that comprises aspects such as asthma, bronchitis and cardiovascular disease.
Atmospheric aerosol is a content component seldom in the earth atmosphere composition, but it all has material impact to radiation balance (and then to Global climate change), stratosphere and the tropospheric chemical reaction etc. of air quality, visibility, acid deposition, cloud and precipitation, atmosphere.A large amount of epidemiological studies is observed health infringement (particulate matter, the degree of correlation between PM) is significantly higher than coarseparticulate with being exposed to wherein fine particle PM2.5 over nearest more than 10 years.PM2.5 is also referred to as and can goes into the lung particle, is meant that atmosphere air kinetic diameter is less than or equal to 2.5 microns fine particle.The PM2.5 particle diameter is little, is rich in a large amount of poisonous, objectionable impuritiess and the residence time in atmosphere is long, fed distance is far away, not only air quality and visibility etc. is had significant effects, and serious threat is to human beings'health.PM2.5 can directly get into human bronchus even reach alveolar, and for a long time attached to bronchus and lung, the metabolism of human body self can't be rejected to it external.Mainly be that respiratory system and cardiovascular system are damaged, comprise respiratory tract irriate, cough, expiratory dyspnea, reduction PFT, increase the weight of asthma, cause chronic bronchitis, arrhythmia cordis, non-lethal heart disease, heart and lung diseases patient premature dead.The concentration of PM2.5 is higher than 10 μ g/m3 for a long time in the atmosphere, and mortality risk just begins to rise.Every increase by the 10 μ g/m3 of concentration, total mortality risk, heart and lung diseases mortality risk and the mortality risk of lung cancer rises 4%, 6% and 8% respectively.
The source of PM2.5 has 3 kinds in the atmosphere: (1) natural source particle comprises volcanic debris, dirt ash, forest fire, the exposed face of land, sandstorm, wind airborne dust soil, floating sea salt, pollen, fungal spore, bacterium or the like.(2) original suspended particulate substance, the suspended particulate substance that bag hand fuel-burning power plant, petrochemical factory and general factory incomplete combustion are produced.(3) derivative particle suspensions, oxysulfide or oxides of nitrogen, the organic compound that comprises factory, motor vehicle, petrochemical industry discharging receive the fine particle that the sulfate, nitrate, organic compound and other compound that are produced behind the solar radiation interact and form.Wherein motor vehicle is the main source of PM2.5.
At present, be widely used in the method for measuring PM2.5 in the world and have three kinds: gravimetric method, β radiation absorption method and trace vibration sedimentation balance method.The operation steps of these methods mainly was divided into for two steps, earlier PM2.5 and bigger particulate separation, measured the weight of the PM2.5 that separates then.Aspect PM2.5 separation and capture; Researched and developed the PM2.5 cutter; Its principle is under the effect of aspiration pump, and when air flow through cutter with certain flow velocity, those bigger particles were because inertia is big; Hit being coated with on the oily parts and be trapped, the less PM2.5 of inertia then can the overwhelming majority along with air passes through smoothly.But, with regard to the trapping ability and the effect of the cutter of PM2.5, diameter neither all can pass through less than 2.5 microns particle, is that 2.5 microns particle also has 50% probability can pass through cutter just; Diameter is not to be trapped entirely greater than 2.5 microns particle, therefore utilizes PM2.5 cutter separation and collection fine particle, may have deviation between different on-the-spot collection statisticses and the actual value, causes and over-evaluates or underestimate.Standard-required according to " the gravimetry method of surrounding air PM10 and PM2.5 "; The percent of pass of kinetic diameter particle more than 3.0 microns needs less than 16%; And the percent of pass of particle below 2.1 microns is greater than 84%, and then definite result drops on a believable interval.
The particle cutter is that to be used for diameter be that a dust granules in the special value scope separates; For example the PM2.5 cutter is that the particle of diameter smaller or equal to 2.5 microns separated; Cutter must be through calibration before using; The method of testing of current PM2.5 is the size through measurement flow, cutter; Calculate its result through adopting mathematical formulae to convert, so can there be bigger error in its measurement result, it is to make the calibrating gas sample of exact concentration that a kind of scheme is arranged at present; Calibrating gas sample and the collected data of cutter to be calibrated through the contrast exact concentration come cutter to be calibrated is calibrated, and the key of this scheme is how to make the calibrating gas sample of exact concentration.
Therefore, need a kind of experiment storehouse that can make the calibrating gas sample of exact concentration badly.
The utility model content
The purpose of the utility model provides a kind of experiment storehouse of production standard gaseous sample.
To achieve these goals; The technical scheme that the utility model provides is: the experiment storehouse that a kind of production standard gaseous sample is provided; Be used for particle and clean air mixed are formed the gaseous sample of exact concentration; The experiment storehouse of said production standard gaseous sample comprises mixing bunker and the suspension storehouse that is interconnected; Said mixing bunker is connected with the gas piping that is used for gas transmission in the experiment storehouse of said production standard gaseous sample and is communicated with, and said mixing bunker is built-in with the particle of determined number, offers the admission piece that runs through said mixing bunker sidewall uniformly near the bottom of said mixing bunker; Also include the mixed airflow generating means; Said mixed airflow generating means comprises first blowning installation and second blowning installation, and said first blowning installation is communicated with said admission piece and is used for producing air-flow upwards in the said mixing bunker, and said second blowning installation is arranged at the center of top place of said mixing bunker to producing downward air-flow in the said mixing bunker; Said mixing bunker mixes the calibrating gas sample that forms exact concentration with the gas of said source of the gas output with said particle, said calibrating gas sample gets into said suspension storehouse and cushions afterwards confession cutter to be calibrated and sample.
The speed of the updraft that said first blowning installation produces is 32~38 meter per seconds, and the speed of the downdraught that said second blowning installation produces is 10~14 meter per seconds.
Said suspension storehouse is inverted cone-shaped; Top near said mixing bunker and suspension storehouse all offers connector; Said mixing bunker is communicated with said suspension storehouse through said connector, and the bottom extension in said suspension storehouse also is bent to form the gas outlet that is communicated with said cutter.
Said mixing bunker also includes gland bonnet, and the upper end of said mixing bunker is uncovered type, and the upper end that said gland bonnet is covered on said mixing bunker seals said mixing bunker, and said second blowning installation is installed on the said gland bonnet.
The experiment storehouse of said production standard gaseous sample also includes fixed support, and said mixing bunker and suspension storehouse all are fixed on the said fixed support.
Also include the control system that is arranged on the said gas piping, said control system comprises controller, flow controller, temperature controller and humidity controller, and said flow controller, temperature controller and humidity controller all electrically connect with said controller.
Said control system also comprises flowmeter, and said flowmeter is arranged on the said gas piping.
Said control system also comprises the static regulator, and said static regulator is arranged on the said gas piping.
Compared with prior art; In the experiment storehouse of the utility model production standard gaseous sample; Said mixed airflow generating means comprises first blowning installation and second blowning installation; Said first blowning installation is communicated with said admission piece and is used for producing air-flow upwards in the said mixing bunker; Said second blowning installation is arranged at the center of top place of said mixing bunker to producing downward air-flow in the said mixing bunker; Said mixing bunker mixes the gaseous sample that forms exact concentration with the gas of said source of the gas output with said particle, and said gaseous sample gets into said suspension storehouse and cushions afterwards confession cutter to be calibrated and sample the gaseous sample that focuses on particle is mixed into exact concentration in the experiment storehouse of the utility model production standard gaseous sample.
Through following description and combine accompanying drawing, it is more clear that the utility model will become, and these accompanying drawings are used to explain the embodiment of the utility model.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of an embodiment in the experiment storehouse of the utility model production standard gaseous sample.
Fig. 2 is used in the structural representation on the calibration system for the experiment storehouse of the utility model production standard gaseous sample.
Fig. 3 is the distribution plan of the vertical movement of gaseous sample in the mixing bunker in experiment storehouse of the utility model production standard gaseous sample.
Fig. 4 is the distribution plan of the tangential movement of gaseous sample in the mixing bunker in experiment storehouse of the utility model production standard gaseous sample.
Illustrate: source of the gas 10, gas piping 20, control system 30, controller 31, flow controller 32; Temperature controller 33, humidity controller 34, flowmeter 35, static regulator 36, the experiment storehouse 40 of production standard gaseous sample; Mixing bunker 40a, suspension storehouse 40b, admission piece 41, the first blowning installation 42a, the second blowning installation 42b; Interface 43, gas outlet 44, gland bonnet 45, fixed support 46, joint 47.
Embodiment
With reference now to accompanying drawing, describe the embodiment of the utility model, the similar elements label is represented similar elements in the accompanying drawing.As stated; Shown in Fig. 1-4; The experiment storehouse 40 of the production standard gaseous sample that the utility model provides; Be used for particle and clean air mixed are formed the gaseous sample of exact concentration; The experiment storehouse 40 of said production standard gaseous sample comprises mixing bunker 40a and the suspension storehouse 40b that is interconnected, and said mixing bunker 40a is connected with the gas piping 20 that is used for gas transmission in the experiment storehouse 40 of said production standard gaseous sample and is communicated with, and said gas piping 20 is communicated with source of the gas 10; Said mixing bunker 40a is built-in with the particle of determined number; Bottom near said mixing bunker 40a offers the admission piece 41 that runs through said mixing bunker 40a sidewall uniformly, in the present embodiment, offers 8 said admission pieces 41; Also include mixed airflow generating means (figure is last not to be looked); Said mixed airflow generating means comprises the first blowning installation 42a and the second blowning installation 42b, and the said first blowning installation 42a is communicated with each said admission piece 41 and is used for producing air-flow upwards in the said mixing bunker 40a, and the said second blowning installation 42b is arranged at the center of top place of said mixing bunker 40a to producing downward air-flow in the said mixing bunker 40a; Said mixing bunker 40a mixes the gaseous sample that forms exact concentration with the gas of said source of the gas 10 outputs with said particle, and said gaseous sample gets into said suspension storehouse 40b and cushions afterwards confession cutter to be calibrated and sample.
As shown in Figure 1, the warehouse of said mixing bunker 40a and suspension storehouse 40b all adopts inverted pyramidal structure design, and its effect has: 1, owing to be cone, therefore the corner can not occur, thereby reduce the existence at dead angle, particle can not residued in wherein; 2, because it is cone shape, therefore can be when closing input source of the gas 10, let the particle natural sedimentation, can reclaim use to the calibrating gas sample.In addition; Top near said mixing bunker 40a and suspension storehouse 40b all offers connector 43; Said mixing bunker 40a is communicated with said suspension storehouse 40b through said connector 43, and the bottom extension of said suspension storehouse 40b also is bent to form the gas outlet 44 that is communicated with said cutter.
Like Fig. 1, shown in 3 and 4; The bottom of said mixing bunker 40a is progressively to tighten up makes whole said mixing bunker 40a become inverted cone-shaped; Shown in Fig. 2-4; The speed of the updraft that the said first blowning installation 42a produces is 32~38 meter per seconds, and the speed of the downdraught that the said second blowning installation 42b produces is 10~14 meter per seconds.One week of bottom around said mixing bunker 40a produces the air-flow of powerful rising uniformly, and because the air-flow that rises is to tilt to rise, the middle part then produces the air-flow of sinking; Therefore will rise in the shape of a spiral, therefore, in fact said mixing bunker 40a inside will produce the wind spout shown in Fig. 3 and 4; When particle is positioned over the wind spout below; Particle can be attracted upwards, through letting gaseous sample evenly be mixed among the current air-flow after the rotation repeatedly, forms gaseous sample.When air-flow rotates to the top; The part air-flow can be owing to inertia breaks away from the wind body; Therefore, gaseous sample will get into said suspension storehouse 40b through said interface 43; The gaseous sample particle is delivered to suspension storehouse 40b through the buffering back through 44 discharges of said gas outlet in said suspension storehouse 40b, get into particle cutter to be measured.
As shown in Figure 1; Said mixing bunker 40a also includes gland bonnet 45; The upper end of said mixing bunker 40a is uncovered type, and the upper end that said gland bonnet 45 is covered on said mixing bunker 40a seals said mixing bunker 40a, and said gland bonnet 45 can be opened; So that whole said mixing bunker 40a is cleaned, the said second blowning installation 42b is installed in the centre of said gland bonnet 45.
As shown in Figure 1; The experiment storehouse 40 of said production standard gaseous sample also includes fixed support 46; Said mixing bunker 40a and suspension storehouse 40b all are fixed on the said fixed support 46; Through said support 46 is set, can guarantee that the experiment storehouse 40 of said production standard gaseous sample is in stable status in calibration process.
As shown in Figure 2; The experiment storehouse 40 of said production standard gaseous sample also includes the control system 30 that is arranged on the said gas piping 20; Said control system 30 comprises controller 31, flow controller 32, temperature controller 33 and humidity controller 34, and said flow controller 32, temperature controller 33 and humidity controller 34 all electrically connect with said controller 31.
As shown in Figure 2, said control system 30 also comprises flowmeter 35, and said flowmeter 35 is arranged on the said gas piping 20, can observe the size of the flow on the said gas piping 20 intuitively through said flowmeter 30.
As shown in Figure 2, said control system 30 also comprises static regulator 36, and said static regulator 36 is arranged on the said gas piping 20.
As shown in Figure 2, what set gradually on the said gas piping 20 is the joint 47 that flowmeter 35, flow controller 32, temperature controller 33, humidity controller 34, static regulator 36, mixing bunker 40a, suspension storehouse 40b and being used for is connected with cutter or sampling thief.。
In conjunction with Fig. 1-4; In the experiment storehouse 40 of the utility model production standard gaseous sample; Said mixed airflow generating means comprises the first blowning installation 42a and the second blowning installation 42b; The said first blowning installation 42a is communicated with each said admission piece 41 and is used for producing air-flow upwards in the said mixing bunker 40a; The said second blowning installation 42b is arranged at the center of top place of said mixing bunker 40a to producing downward air-flow in the said mixing bunker 40a; Said mixing bunker 40a mixes the gaseous sample that forms exact concentration with the gas of said source of the gas 10 outputs with said particle, and said gaseous sample gets into said suspension storehouse 40b and cushions afterwards confession cutter to be calibrated and sample.The gaseous sample that focuses on particle is mixed into exact concentration in the experiment storehouse 40 of the utility model production standard gaseous sample.
The experiment storehouse 40 of the production standard gaseous sample that the utility model provides can generate PM2.5 particle gaseous sample, also can generate the particle gaseous sample of other diameters.The above disclosed preferred embodiment that is merely the utility model can not limit the interest field of the utility model certainly with this, so according to the equivalent variations that the utility model claim is done, still belong to the scope that the utility model is contained.