The experiment storehouse of production standard gaseous sample
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cutter for particles field, relate in particular to a kind of experiment storehouse of the calibrating gas sample that can make exact concentration.
Background technology
Along with industrial development, environment for human survival is destroyed, and the situation is tense for its Air Contamination, and airborne suspended particulate substance can cause haze weather.
Weather scientist and medical expert think, the haze weather being caused by fine particle is even larger than sandstorm to the harm of health.10 microns of above particles of particle diameter, can be blocked in outside people's nose; The particle of particle diameter between 2.5 microns to 10 microns, can enter the upper respiratory tract, but partly can excrete by sputum etc., also can be stopped by the fine hair of nasal cavity inside in addition, relatively little to human health damage; And the fine particle of particle diameter below 2.5 microns, diameter is equivalent to human hair's 1/10 size, is difficult for being blocked.After being inhaled into human body, can directly enter bronchus, disturb the gas exchange of lung, cause the disease that comprises the aspects such as asthma, bronchitis and cardiovascular disease.
Atmospheric aerosol is the little component of content in earth atmosphere composition, but its radiation balance (and then to Global climate change) to air quality, visibility, acid deposition, cloud and precipitation, atmosphere, the chemical reaction of stratosphere and troposphere etc. all have material impact.The most a large amount of epidemiological study is observed health infringement and is exposed to fine particle PM2.5(particulate matter, PM wherein) between degree of correlation be significantly higher than coarseparticulate.PM2.5, also referred to as entering lung particle, refers to that in atmosphere, aerodynamic diameter is less than or equal to the fine particle of 2.5 microns.PM2.5 particle diameter is little, is rich in a large amount of poisonous and harmful substances and the residence time in atmosphere is long, fed distance is far away, not only air quality and visibility etc. is had to important impact, and serious threat is to the mankind's health.PM2.5 can directly enter mankind's bronchus and even reach alveolar, is attached to for a long time bronchus and lung, and the metabolism of human body self cannot be rejected to external.Be mainly that respiratory system and cardiovascular system are damaged, comprise respiratory tract irriate, cough, expiratory dyspnea, reduction pulmonary function, increase the weight of asthma, cause chronic bronchitis, arrhythmia cordis, non-lethal heart disease, heart and lung diseases patient be dead too early.In atmosphere, the concentration of PM2.5 is for a long time higher than 10 μ g/m3, and mortality risk just starts to rise.Every increase by the 10 μ g/m3 of concentration, total mortality risk, heart and lung diseases mortality risk and the mortality risk of lung cancer rises respectively 4%, 6%, and 8%.
In atmosphere, the source of PM2.5 has 3 kinds: (1) natural source particle, comprises volcanic debris, dirt ash, forest fire, exposed earth's surface, sandstorm, wind airborne dust soil, floating sea salt, pollen, fungal spore, bacterium etc.(2) original suspended particulate substance, the suspended particulate substance that bag hand fuel-burning power plant, petrochemical factory and general factory incomplete combustion produce.(3) derivative particle suspensions, comprises sulfate, nitrate, organic compound and other compound that the oxysulfide of factory, motor vehicle, petrochemical industry discharge or oxides of nitrogen, organic compound are subject to producing after the solar radiation fine particle forming that interacts.Wherein motor vehicle is the main source of PM2.5.
At present, be widely used in the world and measure the method for PM2.5 and have three kinds: gravimetric method, β attenuation sensors and micro-oscillating balance method.The operation steps of these methods is mainly divided into two steps, first PM2.5 and larger particulate separation, the weight of the PM2.5 that then mensuration is separated.Aspect PM2.5 separation and trapping, researched and developed PM2.5 cutter, its principle is under the effect of aspiration pump, when air flows through cutter with certain flow velocity, those larger particles are because inertia is large, hit being coated with on oily parts and be trapped, the less PM2.5 of inertia can the overwhelming majority along with air passes through smoothly.But, with regard to trapping ability and the effect of the cutter of PM2.5, diameter is less than the particle of 2.5 microns neither all can be passed through, and is that the particle of 2.5 microns also has 50% probability can pass through cutter just; Diameter is greater than the particle of 2.5 microns and is not entirely trapped, and therefore utilizes PM2.5 cutter separation and collection fine particle, between the collection statistics of Different field and actual value, may have deviation, causes and over-evaluates or underestimate.According to the standard-required of the gravimetry method > > of < < surrounding air PM10 and PM2.5, the percent of pass of the more than 3.0 microns particle of kinetic diameter need be less than 16%, and the percent of pass of 2.1 microns of following particles is greater than 84%, and then definite result drops on a believable interval.
Cutter for particles is for being that a dust granules within the scope of special value separates to diameter, for example PM2.5 cutter is diameter to be less than or equal to the particle of 2.5 microns separate, cutter must be through calibration before using, the method of testing of current PM2.5 is for passing through measuring flow, the size of cutter, by adopting mathematical formulae to convert to calculate its result, therefore can there is larger error in its measurement result, having at present a kind of scheme is to make the calibrating gas sample of exact concentration, calibrating gas sample and the collected data of cutter to be calibrated by contrast exact concentration are calibrated cutter to be calibrated, and the key of this scheme is how to make the calibrating gas sample of exact concentration.
Therefore, need a kind of experiment storehouse of the calibrating gas sample that can make exact concentration badly.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of experiment storehouse of production standard gaseous sample.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme provided by the invention is: the experiment storehouse that a kind of production standard gaseous sample is provided, for particle and clean air being mixed to form to the gaseous sample of exact concentration, the experiment storehouse of described production standard gaseous sample comprises the mixing bunker and the suspension storehouse that are interconnected, described mixing bunker is connected with the gas piping for gas transmission in the experiment storehouse to described production standard gaseous sample, described mixing bunker is built-in with the particle of determined number, near the admission piece that runs through described mixing bunker sidewall that offers of the bottom even of described mixing bunker, also include mixed airflow generating means, described mixed airflow generating means comprises the first blowning installation and the second blowning installation, described the first blowning installation is communicated with described admission piece and is used for producing air-flow upwards in described mixing bunker, described the second blowning installation is arranged at the center of top place of described mixing bunker to producing downward air-flow in described mixing bunker, described mixing bunker is mixed to form the gas of source of the gas output and described particle in the calibrating gas sample of exact concentration, described calibrating gas sample enters described suspension storehouse and cushions rear confession cutter to be calibrated and sample.
The speed of the updraft that described the first blowning installation produces is 32~38 meter per seconds, and the speed of the downdraught that described the second blowning installation produces is 10~14 meter per seconds.
Described suspension storehouse is inverted cone-shaped, top near described mixing bunker and suspension storehouse all offers connector, described mixing bunker is communicated with described suspension storehouse by described connector, and the bottom in described suspension storehouse is extended and is bent to form the gas outlet being communicated with described cutter.
Described mixing bunker also includes gland bonnet, and the upper end of described mixing bunker is uncovered type, and the upper end that described gland bonnet is covered on described mixing bunker seals described mixing bunker, and described the second blowning installation is installed on described gland bonnet.
The experiment storehouse of described production standard gaseous sample also includes fixed support, and described mixing bunker and suspension storehouse are all fixed on described fixed support.
Also include the control system being arranged on described gas piping, described control system comprises controller, flow controller, temperature controller and humidity controller, and described flow controller, temperature controller and humidity controller are all electrically connected with described controller.
Described control system also comprises flowmeter, and described flowmeter is arranged on described gas piping.
Described control system also comprises static regulator, and described static regulator is arranged on described gas piping.
Compared with prior art, in the experiment storehouse of production standard gaseous sample of the present invention, described mixed airflow generating means comprises the first blowning installation and the second blowning installation, described the first blowning installation is communicated with described admission piece and is used for producing air-flow upwards in described mixing bunker, described the second blowning installation is arranged at the center of top place of described mixing bunker to producing downward air-flow in described mixing bunker, described mixing bunker is mixed to form the gas of described source of the gas output and described particle the gaseous sample of exact concentration, described gaseous sample enters described suspension storehouse and cushions rear confession cutter to be calibrated and sample, the gaseous sample that focuses on particle to be mixed into exact concentration in the experiment storehouse of production standard gaseous sample of the present invention.
By following description also by reference to the accompanying drawings, it is more clear that the present invention will become, and these accompanying drawings are used for explaining embodiments of the invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of an embodiment in the experiment storehouse of production standard gaseous sample of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that the experiment storehouse of production standard gaseous sample of the present invention is used in the structural representation in calibration system.
Fig. 3 is the distribution plan of the vertical movement of the interior gaseous sample of mixing bunker in the experiment storehouse of production standard gaseous sample of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the distribution plan of the tangential movement of the interior gaseous sample of mixing bunker in the experiment storehouse of production standard gaseous sample of the present invention.
Illustrate: source of the gas 10, gas piping 20, control system 30, controller 31, flow controller 32, temperature controller 33, humidity controller 34, flowmeter 35, static regulator 36, the experiment storehouse 40 of production standard gaseous sample, mixing bunker 40a, suspension storehouse 40b, admission piece 41, the first blowning installation 42a, the second blowning installation 42b, interface 43, gas outlet 44, gland bonnet 45, fixed support 46, joint 47.
Embodiment
With reference now to accompanying drawing, describe embodiments of the invention, in accompanying drawing, similarly element numbers represents similar element.As mentioned above, as Figure 1-4, the experiment storehouse 40 of production standard gaseous sample provided by the invention, for particle and clean air being mixed to form to the gaseous sample of exact concentration, the experiment storehouse 40 of described production standard gaseous sample comprises the mixing bunker 40a and the suspension storehouse 40b that are interconnected, described mixing bunker 40a is connected with the gas piping 20 for the experiment storehouse 40 interior gas transmissions to described production standard gaseous sample, described gas piping 20 is communicated with source of the gas 10, described mixing bunker 40a is built-in with the particle of determined number, near the admission piece 41 that runs through described mixing bunker 40a sidewall that offers of the bottom even of described mixing bunker 40a, in the present embodiment, offer 8 described admission pieces 41, also include mixed airflow generating means (not looking on figure), described mixed airflow generating means comprises the first blowning installation 42a and the second blowning installation 42b, described the first blowning installation 42a is communicated with each described admission piece 41 and is used for producing air-flow upwards in described mixing bunker 40a, described the second blowning installation 42b is arranged at the center of top place of described mixing bunker 40a to producing downward air-flow in described mixing bunker 40a, the gas that described mixing bunker 40a exports described source of the gas 10 and described particle are mixed to form the gaseous sample of exact concentration, described gaseous sample enters described suspension storehouse 40b and cushions rear confession cutter to be calibrated and sample.
As shown in Figure 1, the warehouse of described mixing bunker 40a and suspension storehouse 40b all adopts inverted pyramidal structure design, and its effect has: 1,, owing to being cone, therefore there will not be corner, thereby reduced the existence at dead angle, particle can not be residued in wherein; 2, because it is cone shape, therefore can, when closing input source of the gas 10, allow particle natural sedimentation, can reclaim use to calibrating gas sample.In addition, top near described mixing bunker 40a and suspension storehouse 40b all offers connector 43, described mixing bunker 40a is communicated with described suspension storehouse 40b by described connector 43, and the bottom of described suspension storehouse 40b is extended and is bent to form the gas outlet 44 being communicated with described cutter.
As shown in Fig. 1,3 and 4, the bottom of described mixing bunker 40a is progressively to tighten up and makes whole described mixing bunker 40a become inverted cone-shaped, as in Figure 2-4, the speed of the updraft that described the first blowning installation 42a produces is 32~38 meter per seconds, and the speed of the downdraught that described the second blowning installation 42b produces is 10~14 meter per seconds.In the bottom around described mixing bunker 40a, within one week, produce uniformly the air-flow of powerful rising, and because the air-flow rising is to tilt to rise, middle part produces the air-flow of sinking, therefore will be spiral, therefore, in fact described mixing bunker 40a inside is by the wind spout producing as shown in Fig. 3 and 4, when particle is positioned over wind spout below, particle can be attracted upwards, by allowing gaseous sample evenly be mixed among current air-flow after multiple rotary, forms gaseous sample.When flow rotation arrives top, part air-flow can depart from wind body due to inertia, therefore, gaseous sample will be by described interface 43, enter described suspension storehouse 40b, gaseous sample particle, being discharged and delivered to suspension storehouse 40b by described gas outlet 44 after buffering in described suspension storehouse 40b, enters cutter for particles to be measured.
As shown in Figure 1, described mixing bunker 40a also includes gland bonnet 45, the upper end of described mixing bunker 40a is uncovered type, the upper end that described gland bonnet 45 is covered on described mixing bunker 40a seals described mixing bunker 40a, described gland bonnet 45 can be opened, to whole described mixing bunker 40a is cleaned, described the second blowning installation 42b is installed in the centre of described gland bonnet 45.
As shown in Figure 1, the experiment storehouse 40 of described production standard gaseous sample also includes fixed support 46, described mixing bunker 40a and suspension storehouse 40b are all fixed on described fixed support 46, by described support 46 is set, the experiment storehouse 40 that can guarantee described production standard gaseous sample in calibration process in stable state.
As shown in Figure 2, the experiment storehouse 40 of described production standard gaseous sample also includes the control system 30 being arranged on described gas piping 20, described control system 30 comprises controller 31, flow controller 32, temperature controller 33 and humidity controller 34, and described flow controller 32, temperature controller 33 and humidity controller 34 are all electrically connected with described controller 31.
As shown in Figure 2, described control system 30 also comprises flowmeter 35, and described flowmeter 35 is arranged on described gas piping 20, can observe intuitively the size of the flow on described gas piping 20 by described flowmeter 30.
As shown in Figure 2, described control system 30 also comprises static regulator 36, and described static regulator 36 is arranged on described gas piping 20.
What on described gas piping 20, set gradually as shown in Figure 2, is flowmeter 35, flow controller 32, temperature controller 33, humidity controller 34, static regulator 36, mixing bunker 40a, suspension storehouse 40b and the joint 47 for being connected with cutter or sampling thief.
In conjunction with Fig. 1-4, in the experiment storehouse 40 of production standard gaseous sample of the present invention, described mixed airflow generating means comprises the first blowning installation 42a and the second blowning installation 42b, described the first blowning installation 42a is communicated with each described admission piece 41 and is used for producing air-flow upwards in described mixing bunker 40a, described the second blowning installation 42b is arranged at the center of top place of described mixing bunker 40a to producing downward air-flow in described mixing bunker 40a, the gas that described mixing bunker 40a exports described source of the gas 10 and described particle are mixed to form the gaseous sample of exact concentration, described gaseous sample enters described suspension storehouse 40b and cushions rear confession cutter to be calibrated and sample.The gaseous sample that focuses on particle to be mixed into exact concentration in the experiment storehouse 40 of production standard gaseous sample of the present invention.
The experiment storehouse 40 of production standard gaseous sample provided by the invention can generate PM2.5 particle gaseous sample, also can generate the particle gaseous sample of other diameters.Above disclosed is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, certainly can not limit with this interest field of the present invention, and the equivalent variations of therefore doing according to the present patent application the scope of the claims, still belongs to the scope that the present invention is contained.