CN202514075U - Intermediate piece device in wireless sensor network - Google Patents
Intermediate piece device in wireless sensor network Download PDFInfo
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- CN202514075U CN202514075U CN2011204933512U CN201120493351U CN202514075U CN 202514075 U CN202514075 U CN 202514075U CN 2011204933512 U CN2011204933512 U CN 2011204933512U CN 201120493351 U CN201120493351 U CN 201120493351U CN 202514075 U CN202514075 U CN 202514075U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an intermediate piece device in a wireless sensor network. According to the utility model, a Zigbee module connects with a lower-layer sensor node in the wireless sensor network and is used for realizing the wireless communication between the intermediate piece device and the lower-layer sensor node. A Wi-Fi module connects with an upper-layer gateway in the wireless sensor network and is used for realizing the wireless communication between the intermediate piece device and the upper-layer gateway. A GPS module adopts a time-service-type GPS module and is used for receiving precise GPS second pulse signals, generating precise second pulse triggering signals and outputting to a microprocessor. The microprocessor is used for taking the second pulse triggering signals as a clock reference of the intermediate piece device and calibrating an inner clock. Synchronization and visit of cluster sensor nodes are realized through the Zigbee module. Communication with the upper-layer gateway is realized through the Wi-Fi module. The power source module is used for supplying power. By utilizing the n intermediate piece device in the wireless sensor network provided by the utility model, synchronous configuration of nodes in the clustered wireless network can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to wireless sensor network simultaneous techniques field, is specifically related to the middleware device in a kind of wireless sensor network.
Background technology
Wireless sensor network (WSN) is meant by a large amount of ubiquitous, the small sensor node dense distribution with communication and computing capability in guarded region and constitute independently accomplish the autonomous measurement and control network system of appointed task according to environment.
In distributed wireless sensor network, the topological structure that sub-clustering is converged is a kind of networking mode of energy efficient, it through data bunch in converge and bunch between forwarding mechanism, effectively reduced the total energy consumption of node in the unlimited sensor network communication process.As shown in Figure 1, the sensing network that converges based on sub-clustering is made up of several bunches skull dry contact and big quantity sensor ordinary node usually.Bunch head is as a kind of wireless sensor network middleware device; It is being born with bottom sensor node and upper wire and is closing the dual role of carrying out radio communication: the data that each line sensor node collection in worksite of bottom arrives in collecting on the one hand bunch, and it is uploaded to gateway through radio network interface; Receive the control command of upper strata far-end computer on the other hand, and it is transmitted to bunch inner sensor node of lower floor through the gateway issue.
Yet present existing wireless sensor network middleware device can only be accomplished the task of data collection and forwarding usually, does not have the function of synchronous configuration.How to design a kind of middleware device of novel high-performance, the node in the sub-clustering formula wireless network is carried out synchronous configuration, will help realizing the time synchronized of wireless sensor network.
The utility model content
In view of this, the utility model provides the device of the middleware in a kind of wireless sensor network, can realize that the node in the sub-clustering formula wireless network carries out synchronous configuration, and cost is not high, and energy consumption is lower, can be by a large amount of deployment.
This scheme is achieved in that
Middleware device in a kind of wireless sensor network, this middleware device are applied in bunch wireless sensor network of type topological structure, and this middleware device comprises microprocessor, GPS module, Zigbee module, Wi-Fi module and power module; GPS module, Zigbee module, Wi-Fi module all link to each other with microprocessor, and power module links to each other with microprocessor, GPS module, Zigbee module and Wi-Fi module respectively; Wherein,
The Zigbee module connects the lower floor's sensor node in the wireless sensor network, is used to realize the radio communication between this middleware device and the lower floor's sensor node;
The Wi-Fi module connects the upper strata gateway in the wireless sensor network, is used to realize the radio communication between this middleware device and the upper strata gateway;
The GPS module adopts time service type GPS module, is used for receiving GPS pps pulse per second signal accurately in real time, produces pulse per second (PPS) triggering signal accurately, exports to microprocessor;
Microprocessor is used for from the pulse per second (PPS) triggering signal of the GPS module clock reference as this middleware device internal clocking being calibrated; Through the Zigbee module a bunch inner sensor node is carried out synchronously and visit, through Wi-Fi module and upper strata gateway communication;
Power module is used to microprocessor, Zigbee module, Wi-Fi module, GPS module DC power supply is provided.
Preferably, said microprocessor comprises first lock unit, clock unit, upper layer communication unit, lower floor's communication unit, lower floor's lock unit;
First lock unit will carry out clock alignment to clock unit from the pulse per second (PPS) triggering signal of GPS module as clock reference;
Clock unit is that upper layer communication unit, lower floor's communication unit, lower floor's lock unit provide synchronous back clock, as its work clock benchmark;
The upper layer communication unit connects the Wi-Fi module, takies the time period that place middleware device is assigned to communicate through Wi-Fi network and upper wire pass;
The lower floor communication unit connects the Zigbee module, and the mode that adopts poll is through each sensor node in the Zigbee access to netwoks bunch;
Lower floor's lock unit connects the Zigbee module, specifically comprises first synchronization module and second synchronization module; First synchronization module periodically sends a synchronizing information Sync to sensor node; And reception Zigbee module is measured transmission correct time TM1; Wherein, to be the Zigbee module note data to be sent as the transmission correct time from the time that the MAC layer arrives physical layer said transmission correct time TM1; And first synchronization module sends the information Follow_Up that continues after each Sync information is sent, and this Follow_Up information has been put down in writing the transmission correct time TM1 of Sync information;
Second synchronization module, behind the delay request packet Delay_Req that receives from sensor node, the reception correct time TM3 of record Delay_Req in the delayed response packets of information, and feed back to sensor node; Wherein, to be the Zigbee module note the reception data as the reception correct time from the time that physical layer arrives the MAC layer said reception correct time TM3.
Preferably; Microprocessor adopts 16 low-power scm; Single-chip microcomputer links to each other with the GPS module through the SPI interface, links to each other with Zigbee module, Wi-Fi module respectively through two UART interfaces, and the GPS inside modules is provided with the pps pulse per second signal output; This output links to each other with the I/O port of microprocessor, for microprocessor provides clock trigger signal accurately.
Beneficial effect:
The utility model is provided with GPS time service function and transducer synchronizing function in the middleware device; Adopting the GPS time service is that bunch head carries out can obtaining the clock accuracy of 30ns synchronously to the middleware device in the network, and then by bunch head the sensor node in this bunch is carried out synchronously; Thereby under the situation that the GPS module is set on a small quantity; Accomplish the time synchronized of whole network, arranged that with the whole network the scheme of GPS module is compared, greatly reduced cost.
Secondly, this device has been inherited Zigbee, two kinds of general wave points of Wi-Fi, can carry out Zigbee interface wireless sensor network, and can pass through Wi-Fi wave point and Internet connection, carries out the Long-distance Control of sensor network.Its benefit is that Wi-Fi is applicable to the big data quantity transmission, and Zigbee is applicable to and is interrupted work; Each data volume is few, and power consumption is little, and there is the work of a plurality of node poll in leader cluster node lower floor; Operating time is short, be fit to adopt Zigbee, and the data of all the sensors node is all through a gateway and host computer intercommunication; Data amount transmitted is big, and gateway is a bottleneck, therefore is fit to adopt Wi-Fi.It is thus clear that the middleware device of two kinds of wave points of employing can reduce the power consumption of whole network.
In addition; The utility model has designed the two-stage synchronization scenario in clock skew+path delay in microprocessor; Can realize the precise synchronization of all the sensors node; And the utility model obtains data and accurately sends and time of reception through catching the passing time of data between physical layer and MAC layer, thereby favourable basis is provided for precise synchronization.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model wireless sensor network.
Fig. 2 is that the middleware device is the structural representation of leader cluster node in the wireless sensor network.
Fig. 3 is the clock skew instrumentation plan.
Fig. 4 is the clock delay instrumentation plan.
Fig. 5 is that the functional module of microprocessor among Fig. 2 is divided sketch map.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing embodiment that develops simultaneously, the utility model is described in detail.
The utility model designed a kind ofly have two kinds of wave points, support the GPS time service, the wireless sensor network middleware of each sensor node in this bunch synchronously.This middleware device is applied in bunch type network configuration as leader cluster node; As shown in Figure 1; Whole wireless sensor network is made up of a large amount of sensor nodes, several leader cluster nodes (middleware device), gateway and host computer; Host computer links to each other with gateway through network, and each middleware device is through the gateways interconnect on Wi-Fi network and upper strata, and each middleware device is interconnected through the sensor node of Zigbee network and lower floor as bunch head.
Referring to Fig. 2, the middleware device comprises: microprocessor, GPS module, Zigbee module, Wi-Fi module and power module.Microprocessor can adopt one 16 low-power scm, and single-chip microcomputer has a plurality of Peripheral Interfaces commonly used, for example UART interface, serial peripheral equipment interface SPI, I
2C interface etc.Microprocessor links to each other with the GPS module, links to each other with Zigbee module, Wi-Fi module respectively through two UART interfaces through the SPI interface.The GPS inside modules is provided with the pps pulse per second signal output, and this output links to each other with the I/O port of microprocessor, for microprocessor provides clock trigger signal accurately.
Different with prior art, the leader cluster node in the utility model and the communication mode of the upper and lower adopt different wireless networks, with the sensor node of lower floor through the Zigbee network interconnection, with the gateway on upper strata through the Wi-Fi network interconnection.Therefore this be, Wi-Fi is applicable to the big data quantity transmission, and Zigbee is applicable to and is interrupted work; Each data volume is few, and power consumption is little, and there is the work of a plurality of node poll in leader cluster node lower floor; Operating time is short, be fit to adopt Zigbee, and the data of all the sensors node is all through a gateway and host computer intercommunication; Data amount transmitted is big, and gateway is a bottleneck, therefore is fit to adopt Wi-Fi.The utility model is characteristics of considering this bunch of type wireless senser, on communication protocol is selected for use, has carried out particular design.
Describe to the function of each module below.
The Zigbee module is used to realize belonging to the radio communication between middleware device and the lower floor's sensor node, the data that one side receiving sensor node collection in worksite arrives, and the control command of transmitting the issue of far-end host computer is on the other hand given the sensor node of lower floor.
The Wi-Fi module; Be used to realize belonging to the radio communication between middleware device and the upper strata gateway; Receive on the one hand the control command of host computer, transmit the field data that sensor node that this leader cluster node collects is gathered on the other hand lower floor's sensor node issue.
The GPS module adopts time service type GPS module, is used for receiving GPS pps pulse per second signal accurately in real time, produces pulse per second (PPS) triggering signal accurately, exports to microprocessor through the pps pulse per second signal output.
Microprocessor is used to realize the transmitting-receiving control of the control command of data that the sensor node collection in worksite arrives and the issue of far-end host computer.(1) will internal clocking be calibrated from the pulse per second (PPS) triggering signal of GPS module as clock reference, thereby realize the clock synchronization of each leader cluster node, guarantee that the clock of inner each leader cluster node of whole wireless network is consistent.(2) realize interconnected through Zigbee module and bunch inner sensor node; Communicate with each sensor node successively in order; Completion to sensor node synchronously, and the mode that adopts poll with bunch in each sensor node conduct interviews, accomplish exchanges data.(3) microprocessor closes through Wi-Fi module and upper wire and communicates, and for fear of network congestion, pulse per second (PPS) evenly is divided into several time periods, and microprocessor takies the time period that place middleware device is assigned to and communicates with the upper wire pass.
Power module is used to microprocessor, Zigbee module, Wi-Fi module, GPS module DC power supply is provided.
The operation principle and the step of the utility model are following:
At first each sensor node, leader cluster node and gateway are laid in the appointed area of wireless sensor network, begin to power on after all are ready.
1) host computer is through Ethernet issue control command, and gateway is transmitted to each leader cluster node with this control command through the Wi-Fi wireless network;
2) after each leader cluster node receives control command, start built-in separately time service type GPS module and receive gps signal in real time, export pulse per second (PPS) triggering signal accurately, and this pulse per second (PPS) triggering signal is flowed to microprocessor.Microprocessor as clock reference, is calibrated this pulse per second (PPS) triggering signal to the leader cluster node clock internal, and then realizes the clock synchronization of each leader cluster node, guarantees that the clock of inner each leader cluster node of whole wireless network is consistent.
3) each leader cluster node is realized interconnected through Zigbee wireless network and sensor node; In order successively with bunch in each sensor node communicate; According to following method the local clock of each sensor node is carried out clock alignment, eliminate the clock skew and the path delay of time.
In synchronizing process, leader cluster node is as master clock, and sensor node is from clock.The implementation procedure of clock synchronization collocation method can be divided into two stages: calculate clock skew (Offset) stage and calculating path and postpone (Delay) stage.Offset is the present clock skew between leader cluster node and the sensor node; Owing to receive network delay; Especially the influence of submitting delay of data message, the clock skew that once transmits sync message calculating is inaccurate, and also needs calculating path to postpone to revise; And Delay is exactly the current propagation delay time between leader cluster node and the sensor node, makes Delay=0 before the clock synchronization in the first time.
At first be two stage definitions variable Offset and Delay, these two variablees constantly are updated in synchronizing process.And; Send and time of reception in order accurately to obtain data; Leader cluster node and sensor node are all when sending data; Data were noted as transmitting time accurately from the time that the MAC layer arrives physical layer, when receiving data, data were noted as time of reception accurately from the time of physical layer arrival MAC layer.Being recorded in the leader cluster node of time of precise information transmitting-receiving born by the Zigbee module.
Phase I: offset measurement
The offset measurement stage is used for revising the time difference from clock of the master clock and the sensor node of leader cluster node.In this offset correction process, leader cluster node periodically sends a synchronizing information (being called for short Sync information), is generally per two seconds once.As shown in Figure 3, the time of master clock is Tm=1050s before the assumes synchronization, and the time of slave clock is Ts=1000s.Leader cluster node is measured the correct time TM1 of transmission, and sensor node is measured the correct time TS1 of reception.Leader cluster node sends a Follow_Up information after Sync information is sent, this information has added a time seal, and that has put down in writing Sync information exactly truly sends time T M1.Like this, time of truly sending in the slave clock use Follow_Up information and recipient's true time of reception can calculate the skew (Offset) between slave clock and the master clock:
Offset＝TS1-TM1-Delay＝1002-1051-0＝-49
Here be noted that the Delay in the following formula refers to the propagation delay time between master clock and the slave clock, it is a unknown number in this stage, is regarded as 0s for the time being, and the delay measurements stage is below measured.The Offset that sensor node calculated according to the offset measurement stage upgrades local from clock, will be modified to from clock:
Ts＝Ts-Offset＝1003-(-49)＝1052。
This phase I can carry out repeatedly.
Can find out like Fig. 3; Through the measurement of phase I Offset and the renewal of Ts; Principal and subordinate's clock is synchronous, and it is TM2=1053 that bunch hair send the time of next Sync information, establishes sensor node time of reception TS2=1053; Offset=TS2-TM2-Delay=1053-1053-0, the skew of clock itself overcomes between the visible principal and subordinate.
Second stage: delay measurements
Delay measurements (delay measurement) stage is used for the time of delay that Measurement Network transmission causes.For the transmission delay of Measurement Network, define one and postponed request packet (Delay Request Packet), be called for short Delay_Req.
As shown in Figure 4; Sensor node sends delay request packet Delay_Req at TS3=1080 constantly after receiving Sync information; Bunch head is received behind the Delay_Req at delayed response packets of information (Delay Request Packet; Delay_Resp) write down out time of reception TM3 accurately, and send to sensor node, so sensor node just can calculate network delay very exactly:
If, main to from network delay be Delay1, from being Delay2 to the network delay of leading;
Because:
TS2-TM2＝Delay1+Offset
TM3-TS3＝Delay2-Offset
Then: Delay1+Delay2=(TS2-TM2)+(TM3-TS3)
Because the network delay time is symmetry equivalent, so:
Delay＝(Delay1+delay2)/2＝[(TS2-TM2)-(TS3-TM3)]/2；
Because TS2=TM2, then Delay=(TM3-TS3)/2;
So, sensor node upgrades propagation delay time Delay=(1082-1080)]/2=1.
At this moment, because TM has been identical with TS, so sensor node can adopt formula after the following simplification to upgrade present clock to squint: Offset=-Delay=-1;
Then, sensor node upgrades local clock Ts:
Ts＝Ts-Offset＝1084-(-1)＝1085。
Certainly; If still adopt the formula of Offset=TS-TM-Delay to upgrade Offset; Need to carry out again between leader cluster node and the sensor node the mutual of Sync and Follow_Up so; It is TS4=1083 that leader cluster node sends the Sync correct time, and it is TM4=1083 that sensor node receives the Follow_Up correct time;
Then, sensor node upgrades the present clock skew once more:
Offset＝TS4-TM4-Delay＝1083-1083-1＝-1；
Then, sensor node upgrades local clock Ts:
Ts＝Ts-Offset＝1084-(-1)＝1085。
It is thus clear that it is identical upgrading the result.
Different with the offset measurement stage is that the delay request packet in delay measurements stage sends at random, not strict time restriction.Need to prove, in this measuring process, suppose that transmission medium is symmetrically and evenly.
Finally,, eliminated the clock skew of master-slave equipment and the path delay of Network Transmission, finally realized the exact time synchronization of slave clock and master clock through the exchange of synchronizing information.
After this, wireless sensor network gets into normal operating conditions.Get into before the operate as normal, can carry out also how wheel is described synchronously like step 3).After this, can carry out periodic synchronously, the real-time clock of each sensor node is synchronous in realizing bunch.
So, as shown in Figure 5 in order to realize the above-mentioned course of work, microprocessing unit can be divided into like lower module by function particularly, comprising: first lock unit, clock unit, upper layer communication unit, lower floor's communication unit, lower floor's lock unit.
First lock unit will carry out clock alignment to clock unit from the pulse per second (PPS) triggering signal of GPS module as clock reference.
Clock unit is that upper layer communication unit, lower floor's communication unit, lower floor's lock unit provide synchronous back clock, as its work clock benchmark.
The upper layer communication unit connects the Wi-Fi module, takies the time period that place middleware device is assigned to communicate through Wi-Fi network and upper wire pass.
The lower floor communication unit connects the Zigbee module, the mode that adopts poll through the Zigbee network with bunch in each sensor node conduct interviews, accomplish exchanges data.
The lower floor lock unit connects the Zigbee module, in order successively through the Zigbee network to bunch in each sensor node carry out synchronously.Lower floor's lock unit specifically comprises first synchronization module and second synchronization module, respectively two stages of corresponding synchronizing process: offset measurement stage and delay measurements stage.
First synchronization module; Periodically send a synchronizing information (being called for short Sync information); Receive the transmission correct time TM1 that the Zigbee module is measured; Wherein, to send correct time TM1 be the Zigbee module notes data to be sent as the transmission correct time from the time that the MAC layer arrives physical layer; And first synchronization module sends a Follow_Up information after each Sync information is sent, and that has put down in writing Sync information truly sends time T M1.Like this, sensor node just can use the time of truly sending and recipient's the true time of reception in the Follow_UP information, can calculate the skew Offset between slave clock and the master clock.
Second synchronization module; After receiving, write down the accurate time of reception TM3 of Delay_Req in the delayed response packets of information from the Delay_Req of sensor node; And feed back to sensor node, so sensor node just can calculate network delay very exactly.Equally, wherein to be Zigbee modules note the reception data as accurate time of reception from the time that physical layer arrives the MAC layer the accurate time of reception TM3 of data.
Can know that through practice the GPS time service of this device can obtain the clock accuracy of 30ns, and can realize this device is carried out the synchronous correction in the 2 μ s precision through the wireless senser that wave point connects, reach the synchronous purpose of the whole network.
In sum, more than being merely the preferred embodiment of the utility model, is not the protection range that is used to limit the utility model.All within the spirit and principle of the utility model, any modification of being done, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within the protection range of the utility model.
Claims (2)
1. the middleware device in the wireless sensor network; This middleware device is applied in bunch wireless sensor network of type topological structure; It is characterized in that this middleware device comprises microprocessor, GPS module, Zigbee module, Wi-Fi module and power module; GPS module, Zigbee module, Wi-Fi module all link to each other with microprocessor, and power module links to each other with microprocessor, GPS module, Zigbee module and Wi-Fi module respectively; Wherein,
The Zigbee module connects the lower floor's sensor node in the wireless sensor network, is used to realize the radio communication between this middleware device and the lower floor's sensor node;
The Wi-Fi module connects the upper strata gateway in the wireless sensor network, is used to realize the radio communication between this middleware device and the upper strata gateway;
The GPS module adopts time service type GPS module, is used for receiving GPS pps pulse per second signal accurately in real time, produces pulse per second (PPS) triggering signal accurately, exports to microprocessor;
Microprocessor is used for from the pulse per second (PPS) triggering signal of the GPS module clock reference as this middleware device internal clocking being calibrated; Through the Zigbee module a bunch inner sensor node is carried out synchronously and visit, through Wi-Fi module and upper strata gateway communication;
Power module is used to microprocessor, Zigbee module, Wi-Fi module, GPS module DC power supply is provided.
2. middleware device as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that microprocessor adopts 16 low-power scm, single-chip microcomputer links to each other with the GPS module through serial peripheral equipment interface SPI; Link to each other with Zigbee module, Wi-Fi module respectively through two UART interfaces; The GPS inside modules is provided with the pps pulse per second signal output, and this output links to each other with the I/O port of microprocessor, for microprocessor provides clock trigger signal accurately.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104301988A (en) * | 2014-08-17 | 2015-01-21 | 宿迁学院 | Sensor-network-based geomagnetic induction vehicle clock synchronization technology |
| CN104574897A (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2015-04-29 | 西安电子科技大学 | Wireless vibration test system and vibration test method thereof |
| CN108880727A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2018-11-23 | 合肥工业大学 | A kind of precision clock synchronization realizing method based on PTPd2 agreement |
| CN112866098A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-28 | 泰康保险集团股份有限公司 | Gateway time service method, device, electronic equipment and computer readable medium |
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2011
- 2011-12-01 CN CN2011204933512U patent/CN202514075U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104301988A (en) * | 2014-08-17 | 2015-01-21 | 宿迁学院 | Sensor-network-based geomagnetic induction vehicle clock synchronization technology |
| CN104301988B (en) * | 2014-08-17 | 2018-10-12 | 宿迁学院 | A kind of clock synchronizing method of the earth induction Vehicular system based on Sensor Network |
| CN104574897A (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2015-04-29 | 西安电子科技大学 | Wireless vibration test system and vibration test method thereof |
| CN108880727A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2018-11-23 | 合肥工业大学 | A kind of precision clock synchronization realizing method based on PTPd2 agreement |
| CN112866098A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-28 | 泰康保险集团股份有限公司 | Gateway time service method, device, electronic equipment and computer readable medium |
| CN112866098B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-12-30 | 泰康保险集团股份有限公司 | Gateway time service method, device, electronic equipment and computer readable medium |
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